Source: SIMONPIETRI ENTERPRISES LLC submitted to NRP
REDUCING COST OF CELLULOSIC JET FUEL MADE FROM WOODY BIOMASS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1022797
Grant No.
2020-33610-31974
Cumulative Award Amt.
$100,000.00
Proposal No.
2020-00694
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Aug 1, 2020
Project End Date
Mar 31, 2021
Grant Year
2020
Program Code
[8.1]- Forests & Related Resources
Recipient Organization
SIMONPIETRI ENTERPRISES LLC
519 KEOLU DR APT A
KAILUA,HI 967343941
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
Addressable markets: U.S. commercial airlines have been extremely proactive in identifying and sourcing lower-cost alternative jet fuel since the global crude oil price spikes in 2005-2008. These efforts have accelerated starting in 2018-2019 due to the Low Carbon Fuel Standards in the states of California and Oregon, and then the International Civil Aviation Organization's Carbon Offset and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) requirements for airlines to start reducing the greenhouse gas impact of their international flights starting in the year 2021. Commercial airlines have demonstrated the technical feasibility of renewable jet fuel in thousands of flights over the past ten years, but to date no fuel made from woody biomass has achieved commercial viability due to very high capital and feedstock costs. At the same time, the U.S. construction industry generates hundreds of millions of tons of waste wood each year, but this wood is contaminated with paints, resins, and heavy metals from treated lumber, making this material unacceptable for recycling or disposal in anything other than dedicated C&D landfills. In our technical consulting for industrial clients over the past 3 years, we have identified innovations which apply these two problems against each other to develop a novel solution for both.Focus of research: With this research, we will do a modest proof-of-concept laboratory trial to compare two different methods for heavy metal contamination removal from wood-derived gas, and also engineering and commercial analyses to refine our cost estimate for a first commercial plant. With a successful proof of concept from this research, we will continue to develop the engineering and techniques for a unique fuel refining capability that can handle the contaminants in urban wood waste and C&D debris and convert it to lower-cost jet fuel. This urban wood waste then can form the base to cover the capital cost of commercial biorefinery plants. Those plants could then also recycle clean and pest-damaged forest biomass into fuel, and dispose of invasive species.Key locations where this is applicable: These innovations were developed in and tailored for the State of Hawaii, where the sole permitted C&D landfill has only seven years of life left, forests are challenged by invasive species and pests, and watersheds are challenged by ever-increasing wild fires. Other commercial challenges and opportunities for Hawaii include small land mass, remote location in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, complicated island logistics, and extremely high jet fuel demand. However, these innovations will also apply in several other U.S. cities where C&D landfills or forest industries are located near petroleum refining complexes, especially those in termite-prone areas containing a higher proportion of treated lumber in construction waste, such as the southeastern U.S.. Our overall goal is to develop a unique and innovative way to manufacture jet fuel in the U.S. from waste that currently can only be disposed of in landfills.
Animal Health Component
70%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
30%
Applied
70%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
4030650200012%
4030650202012%
4035370202012%
5110650200012%
5110650202012%
6030650200012%
6030650202016%
5115370202012%
Goals / Objectives
Our overall goal is to demonstrate that wood waste containing treated lumber can be utilized to make petroleum-competitive fuel intermediates suitable for refining into jet fuel in established commercial distillate hydrotreating systems.Objectives:Modest proof-of-concept bench-scale gasification trial on "dirty" commercial feedstock. The trial will compare two different commercial gasifier bed materials to determine the efficacy of our hypothesis that key catalyst poisons (specifically arsenic from treated lumber) can be sufficiently sequestered by a combination of bed material and operating parameters.Engineering study at AACE IV level to refine our capital cost estimate for a green field project and estimate the additional balance of plant savings from our "bolt on" conceptAssuming the trial shows successful sequestration of at least 30% of the contaminants in bed and ash, and the modeled commercial capital cost estimate is at least 30% below the current technology benchmarks discussed earlier, we would request to proceed to Phase II.
Project Methods
Experimentation:Bench-scale gasification of treated lumber, subtasks of which include gasifier system and test port and method planning and setup, feedstock preparation including hammer-milling to get to the <1" particle size needed for feeding into gasification component trials, trial operation, and effluent analysis. Methods include Gas Fuel (ASTM D1946 and D3588) and Arsenic (EPA Method 108, 7061A)Real-world sampling of commercial construction and demolition waste using ASTM D6883 - 17 coal samplingWaste characterization and sample analysis using ASTM D7582-12, D5373-08, D4239-12, and D5865-12Manufactured "recipe" sample preparation of reference treated lumber waste for process benchmarkingComparison of two different commercial bed materials and 1-2 different operating system combinations for arsenic captureChemical/laboratory analysis of the disposition of key contaminants in solid, liquid, or gas effluent including ash analysis using ASTM D4326, D6357-11, and TCLPMass balance calculations of key contaminantsEngineering: planning and cost estimation using Aspen engineering software at AACE Class IV levelCommercialization planning:Commercial supply chain partnering and relationship development and managementTechnoeconomic evaluation: Microsoft Excel technoeconomic model and decision support tool using inputs and outputs from Phase I to determine whether 30% capital cost reduction compared to state of the art renewable jet fuel biorefineries is achieved. Evaluation methods will include tornado chart/sensitivity analysis, Least Cost of Energy capital and operating cost optimization, and Greenhouse Gas Lifecycle reduction relative to the ICAO CORSIA international benchmark

Progress 08/01/20 to 03/31/21

Outputs
Target Audience:Our primary target audience for this research is commercial, specifically the commercial aviation, fuel refining, and construction and demolition debris recycling industries. Since our concept diverts waste from landfill and recycles it into sustainable aviation fuel and green hydrogen which displaces fossil fuels at existing industrial sites, we enjoy strong support from community and environmental groups as well. For an example in our home state of Hawaii, a manufacturing plant using our technology would divert hundreds of trucks a day from taking waste to the current landfill, which is surrounded by native Hawaiian Homestead residential neighborhoods and also is one of the most economically disadvantaged areas in the state.A project and technology like ours will help to alleviate some quality-of-life impacts of that waste hauling and disposal on surrounding residents and native Hawaiian communities. Changes/Problems:Due to the "second surge" of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown imposed by the State of Illinois in October 2020, the physical laboratory trials at our subawardee (Gas Technology Institute) were delayed over 4 months. They were not able to complete the testing and we were not able to analyze and incorporate the results with the rest of our research before the scheduled end of the period of performance of this project on March 31st 2021. We did complete the trials and analysis of results after the end of the POP, at our own expense out of company funds. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We employed three undergraduate student interns as paid junior technicians for this project, and trained them in project management, data analysis, and design and execution of applied research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?A synopsis of our results will be circulated to core business audiences through the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration's Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuel Initiative (caafi.org)'s distribution methods and business press, and to the general public and local communities through a press release to local media What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Overall goals of this SBIR: Proof of Concept trial to demonstrate techniques to gasify construction and demolition debris (C&D) waste wood containing the arsenic from treated lumber. Model capital and operating cost for a commercial scale plant and show at least 30% fuel product cost saving relative to 2019 industry benchmarks for renewable-component jet fuel made from woody biomass. Summary of Findings: Overall, the results showed that a construction and demolition debris-gasification-to-fuel business is technically and commercially feasible. The bench-scale physical gasification trials proved our hypothesis correct, key catalyst poisons (specifically arsenic from treated lumber) can be sufficiently sequestered by a combination of bed material and operating parameters. The simulated commercial-scale modeling showed that organic construction and demolition debris waste including manufactured and treated lumber can be gasified at an acceptable level of gas quality for commercial refiners. Our two-factor physical trial indicated ability to optimize operating parameters and specific bed materials to maximize sequestration of arsenic and chromium into the solid/ash, and away from the gas. Our engineering study at AACE IV level to refine our capital cost estimate for a green field project indicated that our "bolt on" concept and other innovations reduced the capital cost by over 50% compared to the state of the art and competing technology. Finally our technoeconomic modeling of a notional commercial-scale plant showed that it can be a viable operating business capable of attracting private financing, without reliance on subsidies such as low-greenhouse gas fuel credits. Specific research tasks carried out under this SBIR: 6 samples of real-world C&D wood debris taken from a commercial C&D landfill Proximate, ultimate, elemental, and toxic leaching protocol analysis of samples completed Developed a first-of-kind U.S. C&D wood "base case" profile as a gasification feedstock 2 engineering simulations of C&D wood gasification, at two different commercial scales 4 bench-scale gasification trials on CCA-treated lumber, under 2 different conditions, to determine optimum settings for scale-up on C&D wood Design basis and Aspen HYSIS engineering model and cost estimate for a commercial plant Developed and refined a technoeconomic model to determine Individual Rate of Return (IRR) for a first commercial plant

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