Progress 07/01/08 to 06/30/14
Outputs
Target Audience: South Carolina growers and consumers as well as the peach breeding programs are the main audience. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Three graduate and more than 15 undergraduate students have been trained and exposed to application of traditional and molecular techniques in plant breeding. Additionally, several international visitors have spent various periods (from 1 month to a full year) working within the project and learning the newly developed techniques in applying marker-assisted selection in plant breeding program. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results of the activities performed under this project have been communicated to the public via presentations at the local growers' meetings and commodity association meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Available peach germplasm has been evaluated for fruit quality and disease resistance using phentypic and molecular approaches. Sources of new fruit quality traits as well as disease resistance have been acquired and incorporated into newly developed hybrids. Markers associated with bacterial resistance in peach fruit and red fruit skin coloration have been developed, validated and are in use in marker-assisted selection. Advanced selections have been developed and are in process of additional evaluation before it can be determined if they present novelty and can be considered valuable material for release.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2009
Citation:
Gasic, K. 2009. New traits and markers for use in peach breeding . South East Peach Convention, Savannah, GA, January 9-11, 2009.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Reighard, G., Frett, T.J., Okie, W. and Gasic, K. (2012) Marker Assisted Breeding for Blush in peach: How close are we? Professional Fruit Workers Conference, October 23-25, Clarksville, AR.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Gasic, K., Yang, N., Reighard, G., Ritchie, D. and Okie, W. (2012) Marker Assisted Breeding for Bacterial Spot Resistance in Peach: Are we there yet? Professional Fruit Workers Conference, October 23-25, Clarksville, AR.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2011
Citation:
Gasic, K., Bassett, C.L., Yang, N., Dardick, C., Wisniewski, M.E., Fisher, K. and Ognjanov, V. 2010. Dehydrin Genes in peach germplasm and their seasonal expression in bark tissue. 28th IHC, August 22-27, Lisbon, Portugal.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Byrne, D.H., Bassols-Raseira, M., Bassi, D., Piagnani, M.C., Gasic, K., Reighard, G.L. (2012) Peach. In: M.L. Badenes and D.H. Byrne and (eds.), Fruit Breeding, Handbook of Plant Breeding 8, 505-569. �Springer, Printed in Netherlands.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2014
Citation:
Fret, T.J., Reighard, G.L.R, Okie, W.R. and Gasic K. (2014) Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Blush in Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Tree Genetics and Genomes 10:367-381
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Yang, N., Reighard, G., Ritchie, D., Okie, W. and Gasic, K. (2013) Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with resistance to bacterial spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) in peach. Tree Genetics and Genomes 9:573-586 (DOI 10.1007/s11295-012-0580-x).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Frett, T.J., Gasic K., Byrne, D., Clark, J., Crisosto, C. and Gradziel, T. (2012) Standardized phenotyping for peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Journal of the American Pomological Society 66(4): 214-219.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Gasic, K., Reighard, G.L.R, Okie, W.R., Clark, J., Gradziel, T., Byrne, D., Peace, C., Stegmeir, T., Rosyara, U. and Iezzoni, A. (2014) Bacterial spot resistance in peach: Functional allele distribution in breeding germplasm. Acta Horticulturae (in press)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2015
Citation:
Gasic, K., Reighard, G., Windham, J. and Ognjanov, M. (2014) Relationship between fruit maturity at harvest and fruit quality in peach. Acta Horticulturae (in press)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Yang, N., Reighard, G., Ritchie, D., Okie, W. and Gasic, K. (2013) Development of a Genetic Linkage Map for Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Resistance to Bacterial Spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) in Peach. Acta Horticulturae 976:561-566.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Frett, Terrence J. Enabling markers assisted breeding for red coloration in peach. Clemson University, May 2012
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Yang, Nannan. Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with bacterial spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) in peach. Clemson University, May 2012
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Gasic, K. (2013) Marker-assisted breeding in peach How are we answering stakeholders needs? Southeastern Professional Fruit Workers Conference. September 17-19th 2013, Athens, GA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Gasic K., Reighard, G., Okie, W., Clark, J., Gradziel, T., Byrne, D., Peace, C., Stegmeir, T., Rosyara, U. and Iezzoni, A. (2013) Bacterial spot resistance in peach: functional allele distribution in breeding germplasm. VIII International Peach Symposium, June 17-20, 2013, Matera, Italy.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Gasic, K. and Reighard, G. (2013) Correlating fruit maturity at harvest with fruit quality in peach. 73rd Annual Meeting, Southern Region of ASHS, February 1-5, 2013 Orlando FL.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Gasic, K. and Reighard, G. (2013) Evaluation of fruit quality and phytochemical composition of South Carolina peaches. Peach Convention at Southeastern Fruit and Vegetable Conference, January 10-13, Savannah, GA
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2012
Citation:
Gasic, K., Yang, N., Reighard, G., Ritchie, D. and Okie, W. (2012) Mapping QTLs associated with resistance to bacterial spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) in peach. 6th Rosaceae Genomic Conference, October 1-4, Mezzocorona, Italy.
|
Progress 01/01/13 to 09/30/13
Outputs
Target Audience: Peach industry stakeholders of South Carolina and southeast USA. Scientists and peach breeders in the US and world. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Results have been presented at national and regional scientifc and growers' meetings. Survey of ~30 growers from South Carolina and Georgia revealed the importance of incorporation of flavor in the newly developed peach cultivars. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue working on development of user friendly markers for parental selection to improve the efficacy of crossing plants and early hybrid selection to decrease the number of hybrids planted in the field. Complete genotyping of the peach collection held at the National Crop Germplasm Repository for Prunus at Davis CA, to improve discovery of new genes and alleles controlling the traits of interest. Advance in marker discovery for brown rot resistance as well as for increase in nutirtional content in peach fruit. Initiate work on peach fruit flavor applying discoveries made in strawberry. Actively involve stakeholders especially peach growers in South Carolina in narrowing traits of interest and assigning importance to each of them to help more efficiently develop and deliver improved cultivars to the industry.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Markers accurately predicting blush development in peach were developed and used to genotype peach germplasm collection. SNP mini array, developed within RosBREED project, has been used for genotyping alleles involved in bacterial spot resistance of peach fruit. Marker assisted parental selection was used when designing crosses for improved fruit quality and bacterial spot resistance. New breeding germplasm has been produced by using pollen of interspecific origin to improve disease resistance in newly developed varieties. More than 8,000 hybrids have been evaluated and ~50 hybrids have been moved to advanced selection.Sixteen cultivars grown and marketed in SC and 527 accessions grown in Prunus collection at Clemson University, representing peach germplasm and important parents used in peach breeding program, were phenotyped for fruit quality and phytonutritional content. Total of 11,655 fruit quality and 5,840 phytonutritional data points have been collected. Cultivars and advanced selections with higher accumulation of nutritional compounds were observed and will be used in breeding program. Gathered information on fruit quality and nutritional properties of advanced selections, evaluated for their suitability/adaptability to environmental conditions of southeastern U.S., provide additional information to our growers on what cultivars/selections to plant. In addition, phytonutritional information acquired on already grown cultivars enable targeted marketing.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Fret, T.J., Reighard, G.L.R, Okie, W.R. and Gasic K. (2013) Mapping Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Blush in Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Tree Genetics and Genomes DOI:10.1007/s11295-013-0692-y
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Gasic, K., Reighard, G.L.R, Okie, W.R., Clark, J., Gradziel, T., Byrne, D., Peace, C., Stegmeir, T., Rosyara, U. and Iezzoni, A (2013) Bacterial spot resistance in peach: Functional allele distribution in breeding germplasm. Acta Horticulturae (submitted)
Gasic, K., Reighard, G., Windham, J. and Ognjanov, M. (2013) Relationship between fruit maturity at harvest and fruit quality in peach. Acta Horticulturae (submitted)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2013
Citation:
Gasic, K. (2013) Marker-assisted breeding in peach How are we answering stakeholders needs? Southeastern Professional Fruit Workers Conference. September 17-19th 2013, Athens, GA.
Abdelghafar, A. and Gasic, K. (2013) Nutritional quality of South Carolina peaches. Southeastern Professional Fruit Workers Conference. September 17-19th 2013, Athens, GA.
Gasic, K. (2013) QTL and QTL allele validation in peach. Annual ASHS Conference, July 22-25 2013, Palm Desert, CA
Gasic K., Reighard, G., Okie, W., Clark, J., Gradziel, T., Byrne, D., Peace, C., Stegmeir, T., Rosyara, U. and Iezzoni, A. (2013) Bacterial spot resistance in peach: functional allele distribution in breeding germplasm. VIII International Peach Symposium, June 17-20, 2013, Matera, Italy.
Gasic, K. and Reighard, G. (2013) Correlating fruit maturity at harvest with fruit quality in peach. 73rd Annual Meeting, Southern Region of ASHS, February 1-5, 2013 Orlando FL.
Gasic, K. and Reighard, G. (2013) Evaluation of fruit quality and phytochemical composition of South Carolina peaches. Peach Convention at Southeastern Fruit and Vegetable Conference, January 10-13, Savannah, GA.
Rauh, B., Gasic, K., Fan, S., Abbott, A.G. and Bielenberg, D. (2013) Use of Genotyping-By-Sequencing for QTL mapping of chilling requirement and bloom date in peach. XXI Plant & Animal Genome Conference, January 11-16, 2013, San Diego, CA. (W310).
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Progress 01/01/12 to 12/31/12
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Parental genotypes were selected based on germplasm evaluation data acquired during the previous year and performed crosses resulted in ~1,500 hybrid seedlings. Total of 2,000 new hybrid trees were planted in the selection field last year. Germplasm collection evaluation during the ripening season for fruit characteristics and disease responses to facilitate parental selection for breeding program has been continued. Graduate students, Terrence J. Frett and Nannan Yang, accomplished their research on marker assisted selection for fruit quality and bacterial spot resistance in peach. Objective 1, peach germplasm has continually being analyzed using phenotypic and available molecular data for potential to include in the breeding program. Germplasm material has been evaluated for fruit quality, bioactive compounds and disease resistance. Pollen has been acquired from Italy to increase health benefiting bioactive compounds in peach, and crosses planned and performed with pollen donors from both Italy and US. Objective 2, discovery of new markers linked to disease resistance genes: SNP marker data have been used to detect loci associated with bacterial spot resistance in peach. Developed resources provided data needed for marker assisted selection for fruit and leaf bacterial spot resistance in peach. Collaboration on water use efficiency in Prunus germplasm with Drs. Mike Glen and Carole Bassett in peach has extended including peach germplasm held at National Clonal Germplasm Repository (NCGR) for Prunus in Davis, CA. Fruit samples of peach varieties in Clemson University germplasm have been analyzed for phytonutrient content using spectrophotometric method. Objective 3, development of high quality, disease resistance peach varieties: haplotypes associated with bacterial spot resistance and red skin development in peach have been determined and are being tested for routine application in parental and seedling selection. Evaluation of usefulness of non-destructive fruit ripening device on harvest time, maturation uniformity and fruit quality in collaboration with South Carolina Peach Council has continued. Hybrids created in 2008 have been evaluated for their fruit quality and overall performance for second season and approximately 200 selections were advanced in the second level of selection. Results of bacterial spot mapping have been published and together with research on markers for red skin development in peach have been presented at ASHS annual conference in Miami, at 6th Rosaceae Genomics Conference meeting in Italy and at Professional Fruit Workers conference in AR. Results of evaluation of non-destructive ripening device have been presented at Southeastern Regional Fruit and Vegetable Conference in GA. PARTICIPANTS: Graduate students, Terrence J. Frett and Nannan Yang; Drs. Mike Glen and Carole Bassett TARGET AUDIENCES: SC Peach Council PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
Fruit quality phenotypic data was collected from approximately 2000 accessions for a third season. Major QTLs for bacterial spot resistance and red skin coloration development in peach have been determined and haplotypes associated with increased resistance and red skin developed. The haplotype for bacterial spot (Xap) on peach fruit is more decisive in predicting increased resistance to bacterial spot based only on molecular data and is being tested for routine application in parental and seedling selection. Red skin coloration haplotype developed for major QTl region on chromosome 3 is also being tested for predicting increased blush and parental and seedling selection in breeding program. More than 500 accessions from Prunus repository are being evaluated for water use efficiency (WUE) using ash study, and genotyped using next generation sequencing technique called genotyping by sequencing. The acquired WUE data will serve as guidance in selecting parents for future crosses to incorporate high WUE in newly developed hybrids. Genotyping information will allow for diversity study of Prunus germplasm held at NCGR and in combination with available phenotypic data enable association study and discovery of other potential sources for improvement of newly developed peach varieties. Fruit samples of 16 peach varieties grown at South Carolina and 50 accessions from germplasm collection held at Clemson University have been analyzed for phytonutrient content using crude spectrophotometric readings. Preliminary data revealed variation in all bioactive compounds with Juneprince having the highest overall antioxidant capacity, flavonoid and phenolic content. Two year data on usefulness of non-destructive ripening device to determine optimal harvest time revealed variability of IAD index among harvested fruit and its genotype dependency in harvested fruit as well as in the first class fruit distributed to the retail stores. It also showed positive correlation with fruit firmness which decreased with the advancement of fruit ripeness. However, no significant correlation between IAD index and other fruit quality parameters were observed. Results showed varieties that were constantly being picked too early and will be implemented in the regular grower operation. Harvesting peach fruit closer to its optimum ripeness would improve consumers' satisfaction and growers' profitability. New traits observed in peach germplasm, such as specific flavor and abiotic and biotic tolerance/resistance, are being introgressed via pollen into breeding material and peach varieties with improved fruit qualities and resistance to biotic stresses are being produced. Disease resistant high quality peach cultivars will enable sustainable and environmentally friendly peach production and ensure competitiveness of South Carolina peach industry.
Publications
- Yang, N, Reighard, G, Ritchie, D, Okie, W and Gasic, K (2012) Mapping QTLs controlling bacterial spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) resistance in peach. Tree Genetics and Genomes DOI 10.1007/s11295-012-0580-x
- Frett, TJ, Gasic K., Byrne, D, Clark, J., Crisosto, C. and Gradziel, T. (2012) Standardized phenotyping for peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Journal of the American Pomological Society 66(4): 214-219
- Gasic K (2012) Peach breeding: Focus on Biotic and Abiotic Stress Tolerance/Resistance. In: G. Reighard (ed.) Annual Peach research report for 2011, vol. XI, p. 10-18.
- Gasic K and Reighard G (2012) Evaluation of Fruit Ripening Device for Everyday Application in Peach Production. In: G. Reighard (ed.) Annual Peach research report for 2011, vol. XI, p. 19-30.
- Frett, T.J., G. Reighard, K. Gasic and W. Okie. 2012. Mapping QTLs for red skin color in peach. HortScience 47(9):S245-246. (Abstr.).
- Yang N, Reighard G, Ritchie D and Okie W (2012) Mapping QTLs Associated with Resistance to Bacterial Spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) in Peach. HortScience 47(9):S245. (Abstr.).
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Progress 01/01/11 to 12/31/11
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Parental genotypes were selected based on germplasm evaluation data acquired last year and performed crosses resulted in ~3,000 hybrid seedlings. Total of 8,000 new hybrid trees were planted in the selection field last year. Germplasm collection evaluation during the ripening season for fruit characteristics and disease responses to facilitate parental selection for breeding program has been continued. Graduate students, Terrence J. Frett and Nannan Yang, continued their research on marker assisted selection for fruit quality and bacterial spot resistance in peach. Objective 1, peach germplasm has continually being analyzed for molecular marker diversity and potential to include in the breeding program. Germplasm was evaluated for alleles associated with freestone/melting F-M, sugar content acidity and drought resistance. Pollen has been acquired from Italy to extend the ripening season and pollen donor for aphid and drought resistance has also been used in crosses. Objective 2, discovery of new markers linked to disease resistance genes: SNP marker data has been added to previously developed SSR linkage map for bacterial spot population. Field data analysis on bacterial spot (Xap) resistance/susceptibility in F2 segregating population for leaf and fruit has been collected in 2011. The bacterial spot incidence on peach fruit for each accession was documented and most severe symptoms have been used as the performance. Linkage map for Xap has been constructed using 9K peach SNP chip developed by RosBREED (www.rosbreed.org). Collaboration on water use efficiency in Prunus germplasm with Drs. Mike Glen and Carole Bassett in peach has commenced. More than 100 accessions and 150 seedlings have been evaluated for WUE using ash study. Fruit samples of four peach varieties have been analyzed for phytonutrient content in Dr. Allen Brown's lab at NCSU Plant for Human Health Institute at Kannapolis, NC. Objective 3, SNP genotyping has also been performed and linkage map developed for F2 population segregating for blush in peach. Evaluation of usefulness of non-destructive fruit ripening device on harvest time, maturation uniformity and fruit quality in collaboration with South Carolina Peach Council has continued. Hybrids created in 2008 have been evaluated for their fruit quality and overall performance. Results of germplasm evaluation for marker diversity have been published and research on bacterial spot was presented at ASHS annual conference in Hawaii and at EUCARPIA meeting in Poland. Results of evaluation of non-destructive ripening device have been presented at Southeastern Professional Fruit Workers conference in TN. PARTICIPANTS: Collaborators: NCSU - Plants for Human Health Institute - Dr. Allan Brown USDA-AFRS - Dr. Michael Glenn TARGET AUDIENCES: South Carolina peach growers - analysis of ripeness homogeneity of harvested peach fruit and its relationship with fruit quality. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Fruit quality phenotypic data was collected from approximately 2000 accessions for a second season. Approximately 300 cultivars and hybrids were genotyped with SNP and SSR markers. A linkage map for blush in peach has been developed with 400 SNP markers and preliminary analysis revealed a major QTL on chromosome 3 for inheritance of blush in peach. The bacterial spot (Xap) incidence on peach leaf and fruit suggested polygenic control of peach response to bacterial spot infection. Xap linkage map construction has been constructed with 256 SNP and two SSR markers, spanning 421.4 cM. Five QTLs associated with Xap resistance in peach were detected on chromosomes 1, 4, 5 and 6. Three were detected in leaf, one in fruit, and one in both leaf and fruit data sets. QTL analysis indicate an independent mode of inheritance for leaf and fruit resistance to Xap in peach and a possibility of a common set of genes regulating both leaf and fruit response to Xap. More than 100 accessions and 150 seedlings have been evaluated for water use efficiency (WUE) via ash study. Ash content in analyzed material varied from 2.58 in seedlings of Prunus munsoniana Nr.4 to 6.10 in variety Carored. In addition to accessions from Prunus germplasm ash content analysis was performed for 152 individual seedlings Xap population with the intent to use ash data with genetic linkage map to reveal quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with WUE. Although this F2 population has not been designed to segregate for WUE it showed variability in ash content from the lowest 2.63 to the highest of 6.04. Preliminary data analysis revealed single QTL on chromosome 4 associated with ash content and potentially with WUE. The acquired data will serve as guidance in selecting parents for future crosses to incorporate high WUE in newly developed hybrids. Fruit samples of four peach varieties have been analyzed for phytonutrient content in Dr. Brown's lab at NCSU Plant for Human Health Institute at Kannapolis, NC. Preliminary data revealed variation in flavonoid contents in Carolina Gold, Contender, and NY Yellow. Major flavonoids were in the form of proanthocyanidins in fruits (peel and flesh). Preliminary data on usefulness of non-destructive ripening device to determine optimal harvest time revealed variability of IAD index among harvested fruit and its genotype dependency. It also showed positive correlation with fruit firmness which decreased with the advancement of fruit ripeness. However, no significant correlation between IAD index and other fruit quality parameters were observed. Harvesting peach fruit closer to its optimum ripeness would improve consumers' satisfaction and growers profitability. New traits observed in peach germplasm, such as specific flavor and abiotic and biotic tolerance/resistance, are being introgressed via pollen into breeding material and peach varieties with improved fruit qualities and resistance to biotic stresses are being produced. Disease resistant high quality peach cultivars will enable sustainable and environmentally friendly peach production and ensure the competitiveness of the South Carolina peach industry.
Publications
- Cheng, Z., Gasic, K., Wang, Z. and Chen, X. 2011. Genetic Diversity and genetic structure in natural populations of Prunus davidiana germplasm by SSR markers. Journal of Agricultural Science 3(4):113-125.
- Gasic, K. 2011. Peach breeding; Focus on bacterial spot resistance and enhanced nutritional quality. In: G. Reighard (ed.) Annual Peach research report for 2010, vol. X, p.8-14.
- Yang, N., G. Reighard, D. Ritchie, W. Okie and K. Gasic. 2011. Development of a Genetic Linkage Map for Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Resistance to Bacterial Spot (Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni) in Peach. Abstracts of XIII Eucarpia Symposium on Fruit Breeding and Genetics. Warsaw, Poland. Sept. 11-15, 2011. Abstract 99. Page 207.
- Gasic,K, Clark, JR, Gradziel, T, Byrne,DH, Crisosto,CH, Frett,TJ, Sandefur, PJ, Hartmann, T, Ramirez, JF, Bassil, N, Reighard, GL, Peace, C and Iezzoni, AF. 2011. RosBREED facilitates peach genetic improvement via marker-assisted breeding. HortScience 46(9): S383-S384 (Abstr.).
- Gasic, K, Reighard, G, Frett TJ, Raugh B and N. Yang. 2011. Evaluation of the Index of Absorbance Difference (IAD) as a tool for determining the optimal harvest time of peach fruit. HortScience 46(9): S121 (Abstr.).
- Bassett, CL, Gasic, K and Wisniewski, M. 2011. Genotypic diversity in the seasonal expression of five peach dehydrin genes. HortScience 46(9): S114 (Abstr.).
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Progress 01/01/10 to 12/31/10
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Parental genotypes were selected based on germplasm evaluation data acquired last year and performed crosses resulted in ~12,000 hybrid seedlings. Germplasm collection evaluation during the ripening season for fruit characteristics and disease responses to facilitate parental selection for breeding program has been continued. Terrence J. Frett, graduate student, started his master program in fall semester of 2010 working on marker assisted selection for fruit quality traits. Nannan Yang, graduate student in PhD program continued his research on markers for bacterial spot resistance in peach. Objective 1, peach germplasm is continually being analyzed for molecular marker diversity and potential to include in the breeding program. Collaboration with colleagues from University of Novi Sad in Serbia and second visit to their Prunus germplasm collection and breeding program has been accomplished. Also collaboration with University of Arkansas peach breeding program has been established and material transfer agreement for germplasm material exchange between Clemson University and University of Arkansas signed. Objective 2, discovery of new markers linked to disease resistance genes: work on adding SSR markers to preliminary linkage map for bacterial spot population has been continued. Field data analysis on bacterial spot resistance/susceptibility in F2 segregating population could not be collected in 2010 due to unfavorable environmental conditions for disease development. From the raw phenotypic data, collected in two previous years (2008 and 2009) at two research plots in NC and SC, twenty-five datasets were obtained and QTL detection was performed using WinQTL Cartogragher V2.5 software (http://statgen.ncsu.edu/qtlcart/WQTLCart.htm). Single marker analysis was first conducted to detect possible tightly linked markers followed by simple interval and composite interval mapping. Collaboration with Carole L. Bassett continued on analysis and discovery of dehydrins - abiotic stress related genes in peach. Analysis of peach genome sequence has revealed the existence of two additional dehydrin genes. Expression analysis of the five dehdyrin genes in winter and summer bark tissues was conducted. Collaboration with Dr. Allen Brown from NCSU Plant for Human Health Institute at Kannapolis, NC has continued and second year fruit samples for analysis of phytonutrient content in peach fruit collected. The Clemson peach breeding program was presented through seminar at ARS-USDA Kearneysville WV. During the visit collaboration on water use efficiency in Prunus germplasm was discussed and agreed with Drs. Mike Glen and Carole Bassett. Results of research on bacterial spot and dehydrins were presented in two conferences ASHS annual conference in Palm Desert CA and 28th ISHS congress in Lisbon, Portugal. PARTICIPANTS: Nannan Yang, graduate student in PhD program and Terrence J. Frett, graduate student in master program worked on abiotic and biotic stress, and fruit quality traits, respectively. Dr. Carole Bassett from AFRS-USDA, Kearneysville WV, collaborated on abiotic stress (dehydrin) research and Dr. Allan Brown from Plants from Human Heath Institute at NCSU Kannapolis, NC, on phytonutrient content in peach fruit. Mr. Chalmers Carr from Titan Farm collaborated on evaluation of non-destructive fruit ripening device TARGET AUDIENCES: Preliminary results regarding non-destructive fruit ripening device and its potential for improving timing of peach fruit harvest was presented at Annual Southeast Professional Fruit Workers Conference in MHCREC, Mills River, NC. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Not relevant to this project.
Impacts
As a result of newly established collaboration and material exchange between Clemson University and University of Arkansas peach breeding programs a unique material from the Arkansas breeding program has already been received for evaluation and usage in Clemson peach breeding program. Fruit quality testing lab was established at Clemson University Fruit Research Farm and peach germplasm collection was evaluated. Phenotypic data was collected from ~1000 accessions and preliminary analysis from one of the segregating populations is showing significant QTLs for inheritance of blush in peach. Data analysis is underway for fruit quality traits and preliminary results will be used as guidance in planning breeding activities for next season. Main reason for decrease in peach fresh consumption is attributed to lack of taste due to premature fruit harvest. Harvesting peach fruit closer to its optimum ripeness would improve consumer satisfaction and grower profitability. In collaboration with peach growers in South Carolina, a non-destructive fruit ripening device has been evaluated on more than 20 varieties for improving fruit quality and uniformity of harvested peach. Assessment of genetic diversity of peach germplasm for five dehydrin genes involved in abiotic stress resistance revealed presence of different allelic variants. Each unique variant has been isolated and sequenced and sequence analysis is underway. Expression analysis of the five dehdyrin genes in winter and summer bark tissues confirmed PpDhn1 as the major cold-responsive dehydrin in peach bark. Pollen from Italian late ripening landraces has been received and will be used in breeding program for extending ripening time. Bacterial spot field resistance data were analyzed in combination with molecular data for QTLs responsible for bacterial spot resistance. From the single marker analysis, highly significant linkage was detected for two markers UDP96-018 on LG1 and BPPCT039 on LG3 with possible QTLs (P<0.005) for bacterial spot resistance. Preliminary analysis of molecular and field data suggested possible QTLs for bacterial spot resistance between following markers: AMAP103, UDAp-439, and UDp96-003 with LOD score 3.67. New traits observed in peach germplasm, such as specific flavor and abiotic and biotic tolerance/resistance, is being introgressed via pollen into breeding material and peach varieties with improved fruit qualities and resistance to biotic stresses are being produced. Disease resistant high quality peach cultivars will enable sustainable and environmentally friendly peach production and ensure competitiveness of the South Carolina peach industry.
Publications
- Gasic, K. and Okie, W. (2010) Peach. In J. Clark and C. Finn (eds). Register of New Fruit and Nut Cultivars List 45. HortScience 45(5)732-739.
- Gasic, K. (2010) Peach breeding. In: G. Reighard (ed.) Annual Peach research report for 2009, vol. IX, p.1-5.
- Yang, N, Reighard, G, Ritchie, D, Okie, WR and Gasic, K. 2010. Construction of a Genetic Linkage Map for Identification of Molecular Markers Associated with Resistance to Xanthomonas arboriciola pv. pruni in Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. HortScience 45(8): S304 (Abstr.)
- Gasic, K, Yang, N, Bassett, CL, Dardick, C and Ognjanov, V. 2010. Survey of dehydrin genes in peach germplasm. Proceedings of 70th Annual SR-ASHS Meeting, Orlando, FL. HortScience 45: 494 (Abstr.)
- Gasic, K, Bassett, CL, Yang, N, Dardick, C, Wisniewski, ME, Fisher, K and Ognjanov, V. 2010. Dehydrin Genes in peach germplasm and their seasonal expression in bark tissue. ISHS Congress Lisbon, Portugal, August-September p. 247 (Abstr.)
- Luby, J, Finn CE, Gasic, K, Iezzoni, A, Oraguzie, N, Brown, SK, Byrne, DH, Clark, JR, Crisosto, CH, Davis, TM, Evans, K, Gradziel, T, Hancock, JF, Bassil, NV, Fazio, G, Main, D, Peace, C, Weebadde, CK, van de Weg, E and Yue, C. 2010. Germplasm Sets and Standardized Phenotyping Protocols for Fruit Quality Traits in RosBREED. HortScience 45(8): S55. (Abstr.)
- Peace, C, Bassil, N, Bink , M, Brown, S, Byrne, D, Clark, J, Davis, T, Evans, K, Fazo, G, Finn, C, Gasic, K, Gradziel, T, Hancock J, Luby, J, Main, D, Oraguzie, N, van de Weg, E, Wang D, Xu, K and Iezzoni A. 2010. RosBREEDs marker-assisted breeding pipeline. HortScience 45(8): S54. (Abstr.)
- Bassett, C, Dardick, C, Gasic, K, Wisniewski, M and Fisher, K. 2010. The Peach Dehydrin Family Is Small Relative to All Other Sequenced Plant Genomes. HortScience 45(8): S120. (Abstr.)
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Progress 01/01/09 to 12/31/09
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Parental genotypes were selected based on germplasm evaluation data acquired last year and crosses performed, resulting in ~3000 hybrid seedlings. Germplasm collection evaluation during the ripening season for fruit characteristics and disease responses to facilitate parental selection for breeding program has been continued. Nannan Yang, graduate student, started his PhD program in spring semester of 2009. Dr Zhongping Cheng, visiting scholar from China, performed diversity analysis on peach germplasm (Prunus davidiana and P. persica) collected from seven locations in China. P. davidiana populations showed higher diversity and some unique alleles not present in P. persica. Objective 1, peach germplasm has continually being analyzed for molecular marker diversity and potential to include in the breeding program. Collaboration with colleagues from University of Novi Sad in Serbia and visit to their Prunus germplasm collection and breeding program has been accomplished. Germplasm material exchange has commenced and bud wood and seeds have been sent to the USDA-PSPI- plant germplasm quarantine program (PGQP). Objective 2, discovery of new markers linked to disease resistance genes: SSR primers have been screened for their informativeness in parents and genetic linkage map is being developed. Field data analysis on bacterial spot resistance/susceptibility in F2 segregating population has been collected. Development of genetic resistance map for bacterial spot resistance in combination with field data will be used to locate the region(s) in genome associated with bacterial spot resistance and to facilitate marker assisted selection. Collaboration with Carole L. Bassett continued on analysis and discovery of dehydrins - abiotic stress related genes in peach. Analysis of peach genome sequence has revealed the existence of two additional dehydrin genes. Gathering additional data on the presence of all five peach dehydrins and their potential variants in peach germplasm has commenced. Collaboration with Dr. Allen Brown from NCSU Plant for Human Health Institute at Kannapolis, NC has been established and research on phytonutrient content of peach fruit initiated. The goals of breeding program were shared on South East Regional stake holder meetings and shaped in accordance with stake holder needs. Results of research were also presented in two conferences 7th International Peach Symposium, Spain, and ASHS annual conference in St. Louis MO. PARTICIPANTS: (1) Ksenija Gasic - principal investigator(s)/project director(s) (PIs/PDs); (2) Nannan Yang, graduate student.Collaborators: Appalachian fruit Research Station - USDA, Kearneysville, WV NC State Fruit and Vegetable Science Inst., NC Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Germplasm diversity study conducted on a subset of 192 accessions of Prunus davidiana, representing seven populations collected from different environments from more than four Chinese provincial areas, showed significant diversity and uniqueness of the germplasm that will be further explored. Analysis of vineyard peach germplasm genetic variability was used to define the list of 30 accessions for germplasm exchange. Assessment of genetic diversity of peach germplasm for five dehydrin genes involved in abiotic stress resistance is under way. Pollen from Brazilian cultivars resistant to brown rot and bacterial spot was used in breeding high quality disease resistant varieties. Four hundred thirty two SSR markers, already mapped in Prunus, were tested for their polymorphism on parents of population segregating for bacterial spot resistance. Only 25% (108) were informative and are used in development of genetic linkage map. The F2 population, planted at Sandhills Research Station, Columbia SC was screened for field response to bacterial spot infection three times a year. Responses were classified in three categories: resistant (0-1 scores), intermediate (score 2-3) and susceptible (scores 4-5). Preliminary data indicate involvement of one possibly two major genes in resistance to bacterial spot. New traits observed in peach germplasm, such as specific flavor and abiotic and biotic tolerance/resistance, is being introgressed via pollen into breeding material and peach varieties with improved fruit qualities and resistance to biotic stresses are being produced. Disease resistant high quality peach cultivars will enable sustainable and environmentally friendly peach production and ensure competitiveness of South Carolina peach industry.
Publications
- Cheng, Z. and Gasic, K. (2009) Genetic diversity and population structure of Prunus davidiana from China using microsatellite markers. VII International Peach Symposium Abstracts P-130.
- Cheng, Z. and Gasic, K. (2009) Assessing genetic diversity and population structure of Prunus davidiana from China using simple sequence (SSR) markers. HortSicence 44(4):1175.
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Progress 07/01/08 to 12/31/08
Outputs
OUTPUTS: Germplasm collection was evaluated during the ripening season for fruit characteristics and disease responses to facilitate parental selection for breeding program. Contacts and collaboration were established with main peach breeding programs in the USA and world and pollen exchange was agreed. Nannan Yang, graduate student was recruited to start in PhD program in spring semester of 2009. Dr Zhongping Cheng, visiting scholar from China was accepted and started the diversity research on wild peach germplasm (Prunus davidiana and P. persica) collected from all regions of China. Information regarding SSR and EST-SSR markers mapped in peach was acquired and primer pairs obtained. Peach landrace germplasm from Eastern Europe, 49 accessions, was analyzed for molecular marker diversity and potential to include in the breeding program. Collaboration was established with colleagues from University of Novi Sad in Serbia and Prunus germplasm exchange was scheduled for 2009 with reserving 30 slots in the USDA-PSPI- plant germplasm quarantine program (PGQP). For discovery of new markers linked to disease resistance genes leaf tissue was collected from 190 trees of previously established F2 population planted in triplicate at the: Jacksonville, NC, Columbia SC and Byron, GA. DNA was extracted and screening of informative SSR markers for development of genetic map commenced. Collaboration with Carole L. Bassett was initiated regarding analysis and discovery of abiotic stress related genes in peach. Bark tissue during the coldest month was collected for part of the germplasm collection and stored at -80C. The goals of breeding program were shared on regional stake holder meetings and shaped in accordance with stake holder needs. PARTICIPANTS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. TARGET AUDIENCES: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period. PROJECT MODIFICATIONS: Nothing significant to report during this reporting period.
Impacts
Germplasm diversity study was conducted on a subset of 192 accessions of Prunus davidiana, representing seven populations collected from different environments from more than four Chinese provincial areas via SSR markers. Vineyard peach germplasm genetic variability was also analyzed using SSR markers on subset of 49 accessions. Assessment of genetic diversity of Prunus persica and P. davidiana for dehydrins, genes involved in abiotic stress resistance, is under way. Pollen from Brazilian cultivars resistant to brown rot and bacterial spot was received and will be used in breeding high quality disease resistant varieties. New traits observed in vineyard peach germplasm, such as specific flavor and abiotic and biotic tolerance/resistance, will be introgressed via pollen into breeding material and peach varieties with improved fruit qualities and biotic stresses produced. Disease resistant high quality peach cultivars will enable sustainable and environmentally friendly peach production and ensure competitiveness of South Carolina peach industry.
Publications
- Bielenberg, D., Gasic, K. and Chaparro, J.X. (2009) An Introduction to Peach (Prunus persica L Batsch) In: S. Gardiner and K. Folta (eds) Genetics and Genomics of Rosaceae, Springer, Printed in Netherlands (in press).
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