Source: UNIV OF CONNECTICUT submitted to NRP
BUILDING BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND FARM OPERATION KNOW-HOW AMONG CONNECTICUT’S BEGINNING FARMERS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
ACTIVE
Funding Source
OTHER GRANTS
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1031268
Grant No.
2023-49400-40870
Cumulative Award Amt.
$747,859.00
Proposal No.
2023-04929
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 15, 2023
Project End Date
Sep 14, 2026
Grant Year
2023
Program Code
[BFRDA]- Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program, Standard
Recipient Organization
UNIV OF CONNECTICUT
438 WHITNEY RD EXTENSION UNIT 1133
STORRS,CT 06269
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
UConn Extension's long-term goal is to strengthen the durability of the next generation of Connecticut's beginning farmers by improving their ability to withstand disruption and setbacks (weather-related, environmental, financial, personal) and giving them tools to thrive.Since 2012, UConn Extension has soughtto help BF improve their production knowledge and find stable tenure on farmland. The target audience focuses on small scale, majority food-producing farmers that come from non-farming backgrounds and had no formal agriculture training. As our programming grew, so did our understanding of the different needs of beginning farmersbased on the number of years of farming experience and type of farm operation. Beginning farmers with 1-3 years of experience are typically isolated from each other and are farming on a very part-time basis; in the 2017 Census of Agriculture, only 32% of beginning farmersreported farming as their primary occupation. As they encounter skill gaps, they have limited time and must be selective about which trainings to attend. This is an important time to acquire fundamental skills in farm business record-keeping and production basics (e.g., how to use a caterpillar tunnel or high tunnel for season extension). BFs in year 4-6 have more clarity of what they enjoy about farming, are enthusiastic about the availability of free trainings, and are making critical decisions about their farm operation that will impact their business for years ahead. At this stage, beginning farmersare looking to build inexpensive infrastructure projects on the farm, an ideal time to level up their skills in carpentry and safe operation of power tools. With a few seasons of experience behind them, beginning farmersat this stage are strategic planners and are eager to improve their production systems. Beginning farmersin year 6-10 are the most selective about which trainings they want, looking for high value trainings delivered by experts in advanced financial management, access to credit financing, farm crew management, and innovative technologies.Beginning farmersneed foundational management systems to be profitable. This includes production, financial, and marketing management. Years ago, a beginning farmerwould start out selling in a farmers' market and pocket the cash each week. Now beginning farmershave more options and programs to choose from, and it's easy to mix and match. In addition to farmers' markets, and CSAs, beginning farmersmay choose to reach customers for local seeking online sales, curbside pick-up, and delivery. Beginning farmerscan directly sell to CT Foodshare and other emergency food providers who are using USDA-AMS Local Food Purchasing Assistance Program Funds to buy local. Beginning farmerscan sell to school food service providers that are looking for local farm products using new federal and state incentives for local purchasing. Grant writing assistance is needed so beginning farmerscan take advantage of several new micro-granting programs, including the CT Dept. of Agriculture's New Farmer Microgrant (up to $5,000) and the American Farmland Trust Brighter Future Fund (up to $5,000). Beginning farmersalso need guidance about the potential support available to them through USDA's NRCS Environmental Quality Incentives Program.Unfortunately, the limited availability and high cost of farmland continues to present a major challenge for beginning farmersin Connecticut. The situation has grown more acute as farmland owners look to solar modules for income. With the nation's fourth-highest farm real estate values at $13,700 per acre (MA and RI are higher),a beginning farmerwithout land tenure faces extremely limited options to finding affordable farmland. The effort to find stable land tenure near their base of customers is emotionally draining. With 22% of farms with beginniing farmer principal operators relying on rented land, the number of farmland seekers continues to rise. There are currently 500 farm seekers and 80 farmland owners listed on CT FarmLink -- an online listing service funded in part of CT Dept. of Agriculture and administered by Connecticut Farmland Trust (CFT).Our proposal: UConn Extension with its partners and collaborators will implement a robust suite of training opportunities for Connecticut's beginning farmers over the next 3 years (2023 - 2026).We plan to make strategic investments in business and financial training, one-on-one business technical assistance, cohort-based training in production and agriculture mechanics, farmer-to-farmer learning events that build strong peer networks, and enhanced services to help BF in their search for farmland.All project activities will be delivered through UConn Extension's Solid Ground Farmer Training Program that was launched in 2016 to meet the needs of Connecticut's 2800+ beginning farmers.First, we aim to improve business and financial management skills of beginning farmers. We will accomplish this through the delivery of essential new training and TA in farm business basics targeted for Category 2 beginning farmers, and high impact trainings to help farm business owners improve their farm management skills and profitability targeting Category 3 & 4 beginning farmers. Second, we will accelerate beginner farmer skills using the latest production systems and equipment by creating access to talented, knowledgeable experts and peer farmers. We will accomplish this through hands-on and in-the-field training to increase production skills and self-reliance, as well as unique learning events with structures that build peer-to-peer social networks, all targeting Category 2 & 3 beginning farmers. Finally, we will address farmland access needs by increasing the likelihood of finding suitable farmland through farmland matching events and one-on-one farmland consulting. The expected number of beginning farmers who will improve their farming success is 500: by making beneficial changes to their business & financial systems (150); by applying new production skills and knowledge (250); by building stronger peer-networks (60); and by accessing stable land tenure (40).
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1020199310033%
1021499310033%
6021499301034%
Knowledge Area
602 - Business Management, Finance, and Taxation; 102 - Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships;

Subject Of Investigation
1499 - Vegetables, general/other; 0199 - Soil and land, general;

Field Of Science
3010 - Economics; 3100 - Management;
Goals / Objectives
Goal 1 - Improve business and financial management skills of beginning farmers.Objective 1.1 - We will provide essential new training and TA opportunities in farm business basics targeted for category 2 BF (1-3 years' experience).Objective 1.2 - We will offer condensed, high impact learning opportunities to help farm business owners improve farm management and profitability, targeting category 3 & 4 BF (4-10 years' experience).Goal 2 - Accelerate beginner farmer skills using the latest production systems and equipment by creating access to talented, knowledgeable experts and peer farmers.Objective 2.1 - We will implement hands-on and in-the-field training to increase production skills and self-reliance of category 2 & 3 BF (1-6 years' experience).Objective 2.2 - We will invest in unique learning events and structures that will also build peer-to-peer social networks, contributing to a resilient community of next generation farmers for category 2 & 3 BF (1-6 years' experience).Goal 3 - Address farmland access needs of beginner farmers by increasing likelihood of finding suitable farmland.Objective 3 - We will create opportunities designed to increase the likelihood of finding farmland for category 5 BF (1-10 years' experience).
Project Methods
Activity A - Business of Farming Course - The UConn team will offer a new cohort-style online training course with 8 modules. We will use UConn's Blackboard platform, HuskyCT, to host this training. Participants will attend weekly modules, accessing online course materials for preparation and meeting synchronously with guest presenters. The course will be offered twice a year, with 15-18 BF participants.The project will recruit and prioritize enrollment of historically underserved farmers. Proposed module topics are: 1) Developing your business plan, 2) Entity formation and registering your farm business with USDA and State of CT, 3) Using income statements and balance sheets, 4) Tax preparation and creating your first schedule F, 5) Insuring your farm business; 6) Finding Your Market; 7) Who are the Agriculture Service Providers; 8) Exploring key USDA programs, State microgrants, and understanding their terms.Activity B - One-on-One Business Technical Assistance - The UConn team will coordinate the delivery of one-on-one sessions with professional consultants for BF who complete the Business of Farming Course, have secured a location for operating their farm business, and are in operation (at least within one year). Consultants are business technical assistance (BTA) providers. The project will assemble a roster of BTA providers that reflects the diversity of beginning farmers in the state. BTA providers will assist with needs such as legal entity formation, setting up bookkeeping and financial management systems, applying for grants, determining capital needs and opportunities for loans, tax preparation, and legal lease agreements.Activity C - Farm Managers Summit - The UConn team will plan, coordinate, and implement a new annual event targeting Category 3 & 4 BF (4-10 years' experience) that have scaled up to hire employees.In addition to best practices in farm crew management, the event will include sessions on the legal structures and obligations pertaining to staff and payroll, financing options to meet your goals, and leadership opportunities in agriculture associations.Activity D - Intermediate Farm Financials Training + Technical Assistance - The UConn team will engage Farm Credit East to assist with the planning and delivery of a half-day training on more complex aspects of farm financials targeting Category 3 & 4 BF (4-10 years' experience). Key learning objectives are to build skills and confidence in using cash flow statements, accrual accounting, and enterprise budgets.Activity E - Grant Coaching for New Farmers - The UConn team will deliver one-on-one coaching to BF on grant seeking and grant writing. Project Director and Co-Director will co-lead this service, starting with the creation of new tools for BF that outline which programs support which of the most common needs faced by new farmers, recording an overview of options for long-term viewing, and organizing annual info sessions via zoom.Activity F - Twilight Field Nights - The UConn team will implement a summer series of weeknight trainings targeting urban farmers to demonstrate intensive crop production practices (3 trainings/year). These events will be organized around an annual theme, such as small-scale fruit production on urban farms. Trainings will take place in the urban communities of Bridgeport, Hartford, New Haven, and Waterbury.Activity G - Climate Smart Field Days- The UConn team will plan and promote an annual series of Climate Smart Field Days to take place in the early spring of each project year between March-May (3 trainings/year).This series will encourage adoption of a suite of climate smart practicesthat are suitable for our target audience in terms of scale of operation and cost.Activity H - Hands-On Agriculture Mechanic Trainings - The UConn team will plan and host an annual series of Agriculture Mechanic trainings to take place in the winter months between Nov-March (9 trainings/year). Depending on the location, each 6-hour training will take place on Saturdays, weeknights, or during school vacations; select trainings will be delivered in two sessions (e.g., 3 hours on two consecutive Thursday evenings). Planned trainings include:1) Basic Welding,2) Advanced Welding Using Metal Inert Gas Methods, 3) Small Engine Maintenance & Repair, 2-stroke, 4) Small Engine Maintenance & Repair, 4-stroke, 5)Power Tools & Carpentry Basics.Farm-based trainings will be: 1) Irrigation system set-up and maintenance; 2) Safe operation and maintenance of Walk-Behind Tractor; 3) Tractor Safety, Maintenance and Operation; and 4) Chainsaw Safety, Maintenance and Operation.Activity I - Getting Started in Farming Intensives - UConn and CT Northeast Organic Farming Association will jointly implement the Getting Started in Farming Training Intensives (7 per year) which are cohort-based learning opportunities focused on key production systems with emphasis on climate smart systems and practices. The Intensives will cover topics such as soil health in high tunnels, early or late season crop management in high tunnels, using beneficial insects in covered systems, building and utilizing an on-farm composting system, establishment and managing permanent bedding systems for zero-till, layering systems using heavy mulch and compost, cut flower production planning and sales, small livestock management and sales.Each Intensive will be designed for small group learning (8-10 farmers), in person, with at least two meetings, led by peer farmer/experts.In Year 2 of the project, we will coordinate an additional Intensive for a cohort of 6 BF to attend the New England Fruit & Vegetable Conference held in Manchester, NH.Activity J - Farmer Circles - New CT Farmer Alliance, which partnered with UConn Extension to launch a model of peer-to-peer farmer circles in 2020, will support 4 Farmer Circles each project year. Farmer Circles function as an informal, safe space for farmers interested in sharing obstacles and strategies in a small, semi-structured, supportive environment. Farmer Circles have 7-12 members and choose their preferred meeting style, whether in a zoom meeting, living room, or on farm. Farmer Circles are 'self-governed'; members determine their time commitment and frequency of meetings, however, there will be an expectation of at least 12 hours of meeting time per Farmer Circle. The Coordinator of the New CT Farmer Alliance will support the Farmer Circle Leader to schedule meetings, track participation, conduct evaluations, and address unexpected challenges.Activity K - Annual Farmer-to-Farmer Conference - New CT Farmer Alliance will organize a farmer-to-farmer conference annually to be held in Dec/Jan of each project year.This event will also serve as a space for Farmer Circle participants to share their learning and invite new members.Activity L - Farmland Mixers - Connecticut Farmland Trust, project partner, will take the lead coordinating and hosting six regional Farmland Mixers (2/year). The Farmland Mixers are informal matchmaking events for farmland owners and farm seekers and will increase awareness of service providers that are ready to assist farmland owners/farm seekers.Each Farmland Mixer will include an overview of how to use CT FarmLink, how to use the USDA Web Soil Survey, and how to access one-on-one T.A. available through Land for Good and farmland consultant(see Activity M below). CT Farmland Trust will prepare a slide presentation that introduces each farmland owner and farm seeker at the event.Activity M - One on One Farmland Consultations - UConn will engage a Land Use/ConservationConsultantto assist BF in their efforts to acquire farmland to purchase or lease. These services will target BF starting their farmland search, and following up with participants at the Farmland Mixers. Consultation includes farm visits, site assessment, and follow-up.

Progress 09/15/23 to 09/14/24

Outputs
Target Audience: Audience Emphasis · African American · Hispanic or Latino · Small farms · Specialty crop producers · Urban producers Participants Served Record the total number of unique participants who participated in your program: Total Number of Participants: 284 Enter the actual cumulative number of participants who as a result of your program: Started Farming: Target - 0, Actual - 0 Helped prepare to start farming: Target - 0, Actual - 71 Improved farming success: Target - 500, Actual - 213 Changes/Problems:No major problems or changes to report. In order to access $30,000 in NIFA award funds budgeted for consulting services (business and technical assistance) for beginning farmers, we are working with NIFA staff to provide consultant name and justification. Carrot Project has now agreed to work with UConn Extension to provide these one-on-one services. Documentation will be sent in Jan 2025 to NIFA to finalize this arrangement. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Total Meetings: 29 Total Meeting Participants: 388 Total Webinars: 8 Total Webinar Participants: 101 Total Website Visits: 0 Total Online Course Participants: 23 Meetings 2/14/2024: Hartford, CT -- Number of Attendees 47 1/27/2024: Meriden, CT -- Number of Attendees 91 11/18/2023: Lyme, CT -- Number of Attendees 8 12/9/2023: Vernon, CT -- Number of Attendees 9 12/16/2023: Bethel, CT -- Number of Attendees 9 2/1/2024: Middletown, CT -- Number of Attendees 7 2/8/2024: Middletown, CT -- Number of Attendees 8 2/3/2024: Vernon, CT -- Number of Attendees 11 3/1/2024: Vernon, CT -- Number of Attendees 18 2/9/2024: Middletown, CT -- Number of Attendees 7 3/7/2024: Middletown, CT -- Number of Attendees 7 1/26/2024: Vernon, CT -- Number of Attendees 18 4/13/2024: Hartford, CT -- Number of Attendees 10 4/20/2024: Scotland, CT -- Number of Attendees 10 4/28/2024: Canterbury, CT -- Number of Attendees 6 5/5/2024: Haddam, CT -- Number of Attendees 4 6/2/2024: Lebanon, CT -- Number of Attendees 15 6/3/2024: Woodbridge, CT -- Number of Attendees 7 6/22/2024: New Haven, CT -- Number of Attendees 6 6/22/2024: Lyme, CT -- Number of Attendees 4 6/29/2024: Ashford, CT -- Number of Attendees 4 7/31/2024: Norwalk, CT -- Number of Attendees 9 8/10/2024: Bridgeport, CT -- Number of Attendees 9 8/15/2024: Stratford, CT -- Number of Attendees 9 9/8/2024: Vernon, CT -- Number of Attendees 12 9/15/2024: Woodbridge, CT -- Number of Attendees 10 9/30/2024: Griswold, CT -- Number of Attendees 23 8/23/2024: Salem, CT -- Number of Attendees 5 9/23/2024: Woodbridge, CT -- Number of Attendees 5 Webinars 1/19/2024: Number of Attendees 18 2/2/2024: Number of Attendees 17 2/9/2024: Number of Attendees 17 2/16/2024: Number of Attendees 17 2/23/2024: Number of Attendees 17 6/5/2024: Number of Attendees 5 6/12/2024: Number of Attendees 5 6/19/2024: Number of Attendees 5 How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?For target audience recruitment, we generated communication graphics that were distributed through our program listserv (Solid_Ground_Farmer_Trainings-L@uconn.edu), through UConn Extension social media,as well as through our project partners at New CT Farmer Alliance. Our course flyers/graphics for project year 1 are: Agriculture Mechanic Training Series - Winter 2023-Spring 2024 Business of Farming course - Jan 2024 Farmer to Farmer Conference - Jan 2024 Granjaero A Granjero Conferencia - Jan 2024 CT Soils & Health Online Course - Feb 2024 Climate Smart Field Days - spring 2024 Sill Shares - spring 2024 Twilight Urban Farming Workshop Series - Summer 2024? What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? In order to achieve: Result 1 & 2: · We will organize a free consulting service for BF that that complete the Busienss of Farming course 1) we will engage Carrot Project to provide one-on-one consulting to participants; we will engage Small Business Development Center technical assistance if the participant needs help with business plans only · We will offer the Business of Farming Course in Jan 2025 · We will offer the Business of Farming Course in Feb-Mar 2025 · We will offer the Business of Farming Course in Fall 2025 · We will offer the Business of Farming Course in Jan 2026 · We will offer the Business of Farming Course in Feb-Mar 2026 Result 3: · We will host Farm Manager Summit in Jan 2025, with presenters that bring expertise in farm labor management · We will compile a new toolkit on farm labor management for farm managers · We will host Farm Manger Summit in Jan 2026,with presenters that bring expertise in farm labor management Result 4: · We will host Farm Manager Summit in Jan 2025, with presenters from Carrot Project that bring expertise in farm financials · We will host a training in spring 2025 on enterprise budgeting · We will organize free consulting services with Farm Credit East for participants that complete the above training in 2025 · We will host Farm Manger Summit in Jan 2026,with presenters that bring expertise in farm financials · We will host a training in spring 2026 on intermediate farm financials (topic to be determined) · We will organize free consulting services with Farm Credit East for participants that complete the above training in 2026 Result 5: · We will create a new educational resource that outlines grant opportunities for beginning farmers · We will create and deliver a training called 'Access Grants for Your Farm Business' in Nov-Dec 2024 · We will offer virtual coaching sessions with farmers who complete the above course in Jan 2025 · We will deliver the training called 'Access Grants for Your Farm Business' in Nov-Dec 2025 · We will offer virtual coaching sessions with farmers who complete the above course in Jan 2026 Result 6: · We coordinate and offer twilight urban farming series in summer 2025 · We coordinate and offer twilight urban farming series in summer 2026 Result 7: · In Dec 2024 and early 2025, we will coordinate field days with USDA focused on accessing EQIP funding, called 'Getting Paid for Climate Smart Practices' · In Dec 2025 and early 2026, we willcoordinate field days with USDA focused on accessing EQIP funding, called 'Getting Paid for Climate Smart Practices' Result 8: · In winter 2024 - spring 2025, we will coordinate and deliver a series of Agriculture Mechanic workshops · In winter 2025 - spring 2026, we will coordinate and deliver a series of Agriculture Mechanic workshops Result 9: · In project year 2, we will offer and coordinate free consultations with Extension educators and experts on production methods, IPM, soil health, and IPM · In project year 2, we will partner with New CT Farmer Alliance to coordinate Farmer Circles · In spring 2025, we will offer the CT Soils and Health online course · In spring 2025 - summer 2025, we will offer and coordinate skill shares so beginning farmers can learn new production skills in small cohort settings · In project year 3, we will offer and coordinate free consultations with Extension educators and experts on production methods, IPM, soil health, and IPM · In project year 3, we will partner with New CT Farmer Alliance to coordinate Farmer Circles · In spring 2026, we will offer the CT Soils and Health online course · In spring 2026 - summer 2026, we will offer and coordinate skill shares so beginning farmers can learn new production skills in small cohort settings Result 10: · In project year 2 - we will engage Kip Kolesinskas to deliver one-on-one consulting to beginning farmers on land evaluation and conservation options · In project year 3 - we will engage Kip Kolesinskas to deliver one-on-one consulting to beginning farmers on land evaluation and conservation options

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? During Project Year 1 (Sept 2023 - Sept 2024), our project accomplished the following: Project Administration & Management: · Project team hires: 1) Solid Ground Program Co-Director Robert Chang (20% FTE), 2) Solid Ground Program Coordinator Melanie Desch (35% FTE), 3) Solid Ground Program Coordinator Saquana Seltzer (15% FTE), 4) Urban Agriculture Field Assistant Angela Lopez-Tejada (50% FTE) · Subaward contracts created: 1) CT Farmland Trust, 2) New CT Farmer Alliance (National Young Farmer Coalition) · Consultant contracts created: 1) Kip Kolesinskas, Land Conservation specialist Beginning Farmer Trainings: · 1 [New] course developed and launched - Business of Farming (hybrid format), reaching 14 participants · 1 [New] Farm Managers Summit organized and implemented in partnership with CT Dept. of Agriculture, reaching 47 participants · 7 [New] "Skill Shares" programming developed and implemented in partnership with CT Northeast Organic Farming Association, reaching 46 participants · 3 [New] Twilight Urban Farming Workshops - programming developed and implemented by UConn Extension Urban Agriculture specialist, reaching 29 urban beginning farmers in Norwalk, Bridgeport, and Stratford · 3 Climate Smart Field Days [New], in partnership with CT Northeast Organic Farming Association and New CT Farmer Alliance, reaching 25 participants · Grant writing coaching sessions [New] delivered one-on-one by PI and Co-Director to 20 beginning farmers · 6 Agriculture Mechanic trainings (36 hours total) coordinated, reaching 80 participants · 1 CT Soils and Health course (online) implemented, reaching 23 participants · One-on-One consultations delivered by Extension educators and engaged experts to 60 beginning farmers · 4 Farmer Circles organized and implemented by New CT Farmer Alliance (subaward) reaching 24 participants · 1 Farmer to Farmer Conference organized and implemented by New CT Farmer Alliance (subaward) reaching 91 participants · 2 CT FarmLink Open Houses organized and implemented by CT Farmland Trust (subaward) reaching 15 participants Results: Result 1. Category 2 BF will increase understanding of creating a business plan, using balance sheets, basic business record keeping and using financial statements to guide decisions. Producer action: Understand, Topic: Financial records and analysis When measured: Post Training Estimated Number: 80, Actual Number: 14 How verified: Digital Evaluation Result 2. Category 2 BF will create and hone a business plan and learn about next steps to improve financial viability Producer action: Develop, Topic: Business and strategic planning When measured: Post Training Estimated Number: 60, Actual Number: 14 How verified: Digital Evaluation Result 3. Category 3 & 4 BF will improve knowledge of managing farm labor. Producer action: Understand, Topic: Employee management and communication When measured: Post Training Estimated Number: 90, Actual Number: 47 How verified: Digital Evaluation Result 4. Category 3 & 4 BF will increase knowledge of cash flow statements, accrual accounting, enterprise budgets, and financial record keeping. Producer action: Understand, Topic: Financial records and analysis When measured: Post Training Estimated Number: 90, Actual Number: 47 How verified: Digital Evaluation Result 5. Category 3 & 4 BF will improve grant writing skills and submit one new grant application. Producer action: Develop, Topic: Federal and state farm programs When measured: Post Training Estimated Number: 50, Actual Number: 20 How verified: Digital Evaluation Result 6. Category 2 & 3 BF will acquire new urban farm skills with intent to increase production of food on their farms. Producer action: Understand, Topic: Urban farming When measured: Post Training Estimated Number: 200, Actual Number: 29 How verified: Digital Evaluation Result 7. Category 2 & 3 BF will gain advanced skills in climate smart farming practices to increase production while mitigating environmental impacts. Producer action: Understand, Topic: Conservation When measured: Post Training Estimated Number: 350, Actual Number: 48 How verified: Digital Evaluation Result 8. Category 2 & 3 BF will develop new agriculture mechanics skills to build or repair equipment or infrastructure Producer action: Understand, Topic: Farm safety When measured: Post Training Estimated Number: 120, Actual Number: 80 How verified: Digital Evaluation Result 9. Category 2 & 3 BF will acquire new knowledge of modern production practices including pest/disease management, composting, irrigation systems and using high tunnels Producer action: Understand, Topic: Vegetables When measured: Post Training Estimated Number: 250, Actual Number: 108 How verified: Digital Evaluation Result 10. Category 5 BF will learn about farm seeking resources to assist with identifying suitable land for production and with land acquisition, leasing and restoration. Producer action: Understand, Topic: Federal and state farm programs When measured: Post Training Estimated Number: 100, Actual Number: 50 How verified: Digital Evaluation?

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