Source: VST LLC submitted to
A PROTEIN SUBUNIT VACCINE FOR CONTROL OF ASIAN LONG-HORNED TICKS IN CATTLE
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1030295
Grant No.
2023-70501-39493
Cumulative Award Amt.
$128,986.00
Proposal No.
2023-01424
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jul 1, 2023
Project End Date
Jun 30, 2024
Grant Year
2023
Program Code
[8.3]- Animal Production & Protection
Recipient Organization
VST LLC
101 N MAIN AVE
SIOUX FALLS,SD 57104
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
Tick-borne pathogens cause major economic losses to the livestock industry, leading to an estimated $19.7 billion in losses for the U.S., including approximately $3 billion in losses for cattle producers. Among the 900 species of ticks, the Asian longhorned tick (ALT), an invasive, non-native tick species, poses a major threat to animal health and productivity in cattle and other livestock. Currently, tick management includes inspection and chemical control and can be a tedious and expensive process for livestock producers. Unfortunately, there are no vaccines in the U.S. that target ALT. Medgene Labs will develop the first U.S.-based ALT anti-tick vaccine, which will be baculovirus derived and administered as a 1- or 2-dose regimen. This vaccine will significantly reduce the cost, time, and effort associated with herd management. This Phase I project will 1) develop a vaccine that targets ALT infestations and 2) assess the immunogenicity of the vaccine in cattle through serological assays. Successful completion of our Phase I project will generate critical proof-of-concept data to support larger vaccine study trials in Phase II to establish the utility of our vaccine against tick-borne disease in cattle and will provide a model for the development of effective vaccines against other tick species native to the U.S. Anticipated Phase II work will lead to submission of an Investigational New Animal Drug Application to the FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine and enable the rapid deployment of an ALT vaccine to prevent tick-borne illness.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
50%
Applied
50%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
31233101090100%
Goals / Objectives
This first goal of the project is todevelop a baculovirus vaccine that targets the Asian longhorned tick. To achieve this objective, Medgene Labs will develop a vaccine construct encoding a U.S.-specific Hl86 protein to ensure target specificity of the resulting vaccine. The Hl86 protein produced by our scalable baculovirus system will be combined with our proprietary W:O:W adjuvant, ARMOR, for use in animal studies.The second goal is to assess the immunogenicity of the Asian longhorned tick vaccine in cattle. To provide initial in vivo validation of the proposed Asian longhorned tick vaccine, Medgene Labs will evaluate the immunogenic response to the vaccine in cattle. One-dose and 2-dose regimens will be tested, and antibody titers will be quantified by ELISA assays
Project Methods
Medgene Labs' established baculovirus system for prescription platform vaccine production will be used to produce a novel vaccine construct designed to drive the expression of Hl86, the 68-kDa H. longicornis ortholog of the Bm86 glycoprotein, which was the target antigen for previous anti-tick vaccines. The U.S.-specific Hl86 sequence will be obtained from Asian longhorned tick samples collected from U.S. sites and sequenced. A modified Hl86 cDNA sequence will be sent to IDT for synthesis. The modifications introduced for vaccine production include EcoRI and NotI restriction sites for cloning purposes and sequences encoding a C-terminal TEV protease site followed by a His tag and stop codon. The sequence also contains sites that correspond to PCR and sequencing primers that will be used to perform quality control analysis during vaccine production. Medgene vaccine serials will be produced at Medgene Labs utilizing Outline of Production 9PP0.R0. The vaccine construct will be produced by subcloning the Hl86 coding sequence into the pBacPAK8 vector, which will then be inserted into the BestBac 2.0 baculovirus genome via co-transfection into Sf9 cells. The resulting Master Seeds will be validated and used to infect cells for antigen production. All Medgene serials will be adjuvanted with Medgene Labs' proprietary ARMOR W:O:W adjuvant. Actual serial formulation records, including lot numbers, will be available upon request, and included in the final project report. Vaccines will be stored at 2-8°C until use.To assess the immune response of the vaccinated animals, whole blood will be collected in 10-ml serum separator tubes (SST) on Days 0, 28, 40, and 60 per the schedule of events (Table 1). The tubes will be labeled with the animal's ID tag number. After collection, the samples will be placed on ice packs in a cooler until delivery to Medgene Labs. The sample collection will be documented on the sample collection record. Serum samples will be prepared by allowing the whole blood samples to clot for 1 hour at room temperature and centrifuging the samples for 15 minutes at 1,300×g. For each sample, two ≥0.5-ml serum aliquots will be stored at or below -20°C. Titers of specific antibodies to Hl86 will be determined by ELISA. Briefly, 96- well plates will be coated with Hl86 antigen, and blocked serum samples will then be added and diluted 2-fold across the plate. Following incubation, a species-specific detection antibody will be added to detect bound antibody. The plates will include positive and negative controls to monitor assay performance. The results will be reported as the dilution at which Hl86-specific antibodies are no longer detected.

Progress 07/01/23 to 06/30/24

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences include Livestock Producers, Livestock Veterinarians, State Health Officials, and Animal Health Professionals. Upon completion, Animal Health Researchers will be a focus of communications. Changes/Problems:The one major change made to the project was to change from a non-purified antigen in the vaccine to a purified antigen in the vaccine. Additional data was collected from other studies in cattle that demonstrated that purified antigen will give a better immunological response in cattle. Since we had not produced the antigen for this project at that time, we changed this project to increase the likelyhood of success. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue to collect the blood for analysis of the immune response in cattle.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The vaccine construct for Hl86 to target Asian Longhorn tickshas been developed, the recombinant antigen has been produced, and the vaccine has been formulated in ARMOR. Cattle were immunized with the dose regimen described and are currently being bled at approriate intervals to collect serum for immunological analysis.

Publications


    Progress 07/01/23 to 06/30/24

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Target audiences include Livestock Producers, Livestock Veterinarians, State Health Officials, and Animal Health Professionals. Upon completion, Animal Health Researchers will be a focus of communications. Changes/Problems:The one major change made to the project was to change from a non-purified antigen in the vaccine to a purified antigen in the vaccine. Additional data was collected from other studies in cattle that demonstrated that purified antigen will give a better immunological response in cattle. Since we had not produced the antigen for this project at that time we learned the benefits of purification, we changed this project to increase the likelyhood of success. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of this study will be shared with cattle producers and veterinarians. These results will also be shared and industry meetings and conferences. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? The vaccine construct for Hl86 to target Asian Longhorn ticks was developed, the recombinant antigen was produced, and the vaccine formulated in ARMOR. Cattle were immunized with either a singledose regimen or a two dose regimen (28 days between doses)and were bled at approriate intervals to collect serum for immunological analysis. Our goal was to have both dose regimens produce a similar response, with titers greater than 640 following a single (or first) dose of the vaccine. The resultsindicate that the 2-dose regimen is the only treatment that produced the desired titer. As expected, all treatment groups had negative titers at Day 0 (pre-vaccination). At Day 28, we anticipated positive ELISA results from the 5 animals in the 2-dose group (Group 3) that received their first dose of the vaccine on Day 0. However, the ELISAs were negative for this group at this timepoint, indicating that any immune response to the first vaccination had declined to a level below the cutoff for the ELISA by Day 28. At Day 42, only the 2-dose regimen produced positive ELISA results, corresponding to increased titers of Hl86 antibodies in the serum samples. Titers for the 2-dose regimen group ranged from 1600-6400 at day 42. At day 60 post vaccination, the 2-dose regimen continued to show positive titers ranging from 800-3200. Theseresults indicatethat the second dose is required to elicit a robust immune response above our target of 640. Again, the negative ELISAs at Day 42 on samples from animals that received a single dose at Day 28 (Group 2) indicated that any immune response to the single dose had declined below the cutoff for the ELISA within 14 days following vaccination. However, animals that received two doses of the vaccine exhibited a robust immune response, with initial titers of 1600-6400 at Day 42. This pattern of serological response is similar to that seen with some other vaccines, for which a first dose has a relatively short-lived "priming" effect and a second dose elicits a much more robust and durable immune response. At Day 60, the Hl86 antibody titers, although decreased, remained well above our target minimum titer of 640. This target was chosen because for current vaccines, this titer is considered to be sufficient for efficacy.

    Publications