Source: MICHIGAN STATE UNIV submitted to NRP
CHARACTERIZING CURRENT PHYTOPHTHORA BLIGHT PATHOGEN POPULATIONS AND IDENTIFYING EFFECTIVE INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1030113
Grant No.
2023-67012-39321
Cumulative Award Amt.
$225,000.00
Proposal No.
2022-09731
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Mar 1, 2023
Project End Date
Feb 28, 2025
Grant Year
2023
Program Code
[A1112]- Pests and Beneficial Species in Agricultural Production Systems
Recipient Organization
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV
(N/A)
EAST LANSING,MI 48824
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
The plant pathogen Phytophthora capsici, which causes Phytophthora blight, is one of the most serious threats to production of cucurbits, as this pathogen can cause up to 100% yield loss and can persist in infested fields for several years thus making fields unusable. Cucurbits, which include cucumbers, zucchini, watermelon, pumpkins, winter squashes, and other common crops, provide many important nutrients for a healthy diet and contribute significantly to the U.S. economy via jobs, trade, and agrotourism. Thus, it is critical to prevent loss of these invaluable crops. Fungicides are commercially available to help control Phytophthora capsici; however, resistance to many of these fungicides has been identified in various regions worldwide and the pathogen population continues to change in response to natural and human-caused environmental pressures.This project aims to improve management of Phytophthora capsici for cucurbit growers, thus minimizing yield losses. To achieve this goal, Phytophthora capsici isolates collected from various cucurbit crops over time in Michigan will be characterized for their fungicide sensitivity and severity of disease caused. The effect of temperature on pathogen populations will also be explored by growth of diverse isolates at different temperatures in a lab setting and by sampling for Phytophthora capsici in a subset of fields throughout the year. The findings from this project will be presented to growers via various methods online, in print, and in person to ensure access to effective management strategies. Undergraduate students will be trained throughout various parts of the project, thus strengthening the future agricultural science workforce.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
50%
Applied
50%
Developmental
0%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2164099116070%
2164099117030%
Goals / Objectives
Goal: Improve disease management of Phytophthora blight for cucurbit growers.Characterize Phytophthora blight populations in Michigan cucurbits. Examine isolates from recent Hausbeck Phytophthora collections isolated from zucchini, cucumber, watermelon, and winter squash to assess population shifts over time. Also, collect new isolates in 2023 over time in a subset of fields to gather information on the current population and compare with previous years. Evaluate virulence of a subset of isolates and examine the effects of temperature on pathogen growth and virulence in vitro.Determine effective chemical control strategies for management of Phytophthora blight. Screen Phytophthora capsici isolates from historic lab collection and new collection for sensitivity to several fungicides representing multiple FRAC groups that are currently available to growers. Special consideration will be made to screen some fungicides that are also available to organic growers. Fungicide efficacy will also be examined for select chemicals in field settings at the Hausbeck group's plots at an MSU research and extension center where the pathogen is known to be present.Develop and deliver extension materials to inform growers of latest findings. Create print and online fact sheet resources that will contain information about fungicide resistance in the Phytophthora capsici population and pathogen management recommendations. Also present these results at venues where growers are in attendance, including grower conferences and field days. Inform extension educators about findings so they can also spread knowledge to their network of growers and further train on best management practices.Goal: Increase interest in plant pathology and awareness of the important impact that plant pathogens have.Train undergraduate students in plant pathology techniques. Work closely with undergraduate students in the Hausbeck group and with one student through the MSU REU program in 2024 to teach techniques used within the field of plant pathology. If students show interest, PD will also mentor students with applying for graduate school or jobs in the agricultural sciences, thus helping to increase the number of skilled plant pathologists in the workforce.Present plant pathology and agriculture science concepts to the public via science outreach events. The PD will participate in two public events per year during the fellowship tenure. Event participation will vary depending upon opportunities available through MSU and professional connections. Opportunities may include hosting a booth at a science day event or creating and presenting a K-12 classroom-based activity in a school or to agriculture-based groups.
Project Methods
Characterization of Phytophthora capsici virulence and influence of temperature. Isolates from the Hausbeck Phytophthora capsici collection will be used for most of the project, which range from collection years 2002-2022 from a variety of cucurbit hosts. Additional isolates will be collected from diseased cucurbit fruit in Michigan commercial fields in 2023. To evaluate virulence, a subset of isolates will be inoculated onto detached squash fruit per established Hausbeck lab protocols, incubated in a moist chamber, then measured for disease severity. Isolates that have the largest lesion diameter and pathogen growth diameter will be considered as the most virulent. To determine the effect of temperature on pathogen growth, a smaller subset of isolates of various virulence ratings will be used to conduct the same virulence assay but at different temperatures, as well as measurement of pathogen growth on agar-based culture media when incubated at different temperatures. Temperature will be considered as important if the average growth or lesion length over all replicates differs significantly between time points for a given isolate.Determine effective chemical control management strategies. The same historic and current Phytophthora capsici collections described above will be used. I will use the high throughput microtiter-based fungicide sensitivity assay and results assessment for oomycetes that was recently published by another research group at MSU (DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-19-0018-R) that has since been adapted for Phytophthora capsici by the Hausbeck group. I will evaluate sensitivity via isolate growth, or lack of growth, in media amended with five commercially available commonly used fungicides, representing unique FRAC groups and including at least one fungicide that is commercially available to organic growers. Isolates will be considered resistant to a fungicide if they grow in the presence of the fungicide at a similar rate to growth in absence of the fungicide, tolerant if they show less growth in the presence of the fungicide, or sensitive if they do not grow in the presence of the fungicide. To evaluate the efficacy of fungicides in a field setting, isolates will be collected from three fields over one production season and characterized for virulence and fungicide sensitivity, comparing the overall population within each field between each time point. The number of plants and fruit showing disease symptoms will be assessed and compared across treatments.Develop extension materials to display results and deliver to growers. Results from the project will be combined with previous work from the Hausbeck lab and other groups and synthesized for a variety of extension materials. Disease fact sheets for Phytophthora blight on cucurbits from MSU will be updated. Poster and oral presentations will be made at the Great Lakes Fruit, Vegetable, and Farm Market Expo in 2023 and 2024, as well as at grower field days. Intent to integrate management recommendations, as indicated through conversations with growers at various meetings at the end of the project tenure, will indicate success.Train undergraduate students on plant pathology methodologies. One undergraduate student from the REU program in MSU Plant Genomics will be mentored during the summer of 2024. Mentorship will include selection of a project that fits within the larger fellowship project that helps the student develop the skillset they desire and is attainable within the limited time frame. The REU program has set evaluations utilized to assess the mentorship and skills obtained. The student will present a poster summarizing their findings at the end of their REU and may be included in a subsequent scientific manuscript depending upon the project selected. Other undergraduate students who are employed through the Hausbeck lab will be mentored in scientific techniques throughout the project as involvement is needed. Personalized guidance with graduate school or job applications and searches will be provided as desired on a case-by-case basis.Make research results widely available to the larger research community. Present at the American Phytopathological Society annual meetings and at the 69th Annual Conference on Soilborne Plant Pathogens meeting. Write, and subsequently publish, results in two open access manuscripts in peer-reviewed journals.

Progress 03/01/23 to 02/29/24

Outputs
Target Audience: Researchers within the scientific community, specifically those with interests pertaining to field studies, biological control, tree fruit crops, antibiotic resistance development, plant bacterial diseases, cucurbit crops, oomycete population diversity, and related areas of interest. Growers, extension educators, and industry personnel who are involved with cucurbit crop production and other crops that are impacted by the same or similar oomycete pathogens. Undergraduate students at Michigan State University who are interested in developing skillsets in laboratory and field techniques. Changes/Problems:Just prior to joining the Hausbeck laboratory, the incubator where all past collections for the pathogen that Dr. Klein-Gordon planned to work with for a majority of the project collapsed and most of the collection was lost. At the beginning of the project, Dr. Klein-Gordon attempted to sort through remaining storage tubes and test viability of a subset of isolates. Due to a low recovery rate, and minimal collection numbers, Dr. Klein-Gordon, with the support of her mentor, determined it would be best to forego using previous collections and instead start a new pathogen collection for the current year and use this for characterization. This would also provide growers with the most up to date information for pathogen populations and provide Dr. Klein-Gordon an opportunity to select isolates from a wider range of growers and crops within a single season than was previously done in the laboratory group. Disease symptoms for the pathogen of interest did not begin to appear until mid-July, so in those few months, Dr. Klein-Gordon (1) further planned out the modified project and learned how to work with the new pathogen system in the laboratory; (2) analyzed data, wrote a manuscript, and submitted it for publication in her field's premier journal from her Honors Undergraduate Thesis project data, which helped her secure a permanent Research Plant Pathologist position with the USDA Agricultural Research Services as it was directly related to the position she was being considered for; (3) analyzed data and crafted a poster from an unfinished side project from her PhD research for the American Phytopathological Society's national conference, which allowed her to present while in attendance; (4) aided her mentor, Dr. Hausbeck, with drafting and coordinating a USDA Specialty Crop Block grant proposal her mentor was leading, which allowed Dr. Klein-Gordon to hone her grant writing skills, build her knowledge about a new pathogen-host system, and expand her professional network. Pathogen collection, isolation, and confirmation demanded more funds from the budget be utilized for supplies than was originally allotted for and that she use most of the funds originally allotted for an undergraduate fellow in the second year for aid from undergraduate students and technicians in the first project year. Klein-Gordon was only able to collect, isolate, store, and begin completing initial pathogen characterization due to this change in schedule and need to terminate fellowship earlier due to a permanent job opportunity. Data generated from the main proposed project is thus limited, but Dr. Klein-Gordon intends to collaborate with her project mentor to secure new funds for her mentor's group to continue working with the collection to deliver useful information to growers, and Dr. Klein-Gordon was still able to gain valuable experiences and spend time on previous projects that allowed her to generate products and meet some of her original project goals. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Dr. Klein-Gordon gained valuable skills and knowledge working with pathogen and host systems that she had not worked on previously, which better equips her for the wide range of agricultural issues that Dr. Klein-Gordon will likely need to have knowledge on, or aid with addressing, throughout her career. Dr. Klein-Gordon also gained experience with writing and collaborating in the proposal stages on a larger multi-million-dollar grant with a diverse team of agricultural researchers, which will be helpful as she will likely need to do this throughout her career as a researcher. Dr. Klein-Gordon attended the American Phytopathological Society's national conference, where Dr. Klein-Gordon expanded her professional network and further honed her presentation skills. Dr. Klein-Gordon attended two formal professional development workshops at Michigan State University, including 'Crucial Conversations for Mastering Dialogue' and 'Creating and Sustaining a Positive Workplace', which better prepared her for a successful career as a leader in the agricultural sciences. These workshops allowed Dr. Klein-Gordon to assess her own experiences, and hear about hypothetical experiences, strategizing the most effective approaches to solving people-related issues or concerns that arise within the workplace and ensure a positive work environment that accommodates a wide range of needs. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dr. Klein-Gordon informed Michigan vegetable extension educators about project updates, who speak directly to growers, about project progress, during weekly Michigan State University vegetable extension group Zoom meetings. Results from previously outlined goals were not generated, so results could not be disseminated to grower communities. The results from other projects Dr. Klein-Gordon worked to complete from prior research during the fellowship time period were disseminated via a publication in a top plant pathology research journal and a poster presentation at a national plant pathology conference. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Dr. Klein-Gordon conducted a new survey of Phytophthora blight populations in Michigan cucurbits (please see 'Changes/Problems' section for more details as to why the project was modified), isolated and stored these isolates, and began initial characterizations, including molecular confirmation of pathogen species identity and pathogen mating type. Dr. Klein-Gordon was unable to utilize recent Hausbeck Phytophthora collections for studies due to a laboratory loss of historical collections. Due to this unforeseen complication to the project, Dr. Klein-Gordon was unable to begin parts (2) and (3) of the first specified goal, as there were no prior isolates for screening chemical control strategies and therefore no applicable data was generated for developing extension materials for growers. Dr. Klein-Gordon trained three students, two of which she directly supervised, in plant pathology techniques. One student was interested in applying for graduate school, so Dr. Klein-Gordon mentored the student on this process and provided advice. Dr. Klein-Gordon was also able to mentor some of the other undergraduate students and graduate students in the Hausbeck group on graduate school, professional networking and development, and parts of their projects that aligned with her expertise.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2023 Citation: Klein-Gordon, J. M., Johnson, K. B., Loper, J. E., Stockwell, V. O. 2023. Contribution of native plasmids of Pantoea vagans C9-1 to epiphytic fitness and fire blight management on apple and pear flowers and fruits. Phytopathology. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-23-0144-SA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2023 Citation: Klein-Gordon, J. M., Minsavage, G. V., Jones, J. B., Goss, E. M., Vallad, G. E. 2023. Multiple streptomycin resistance mechanisms identified in the Florida Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans population. Plant Health 2023.


Progress 03/01/23 to 12/19/23

Outputs
Target Audience: The PD, who is a postdoctoral researcher in the agricultural sciences, who is interested in gaining new professional development opportunities that will help her be more successful inher future career as a leader in the agricultural sciences. Researchers within the scientific community, specifically those with interests pertaining to field studies, biological control, tree fruit crops, antibiotic resistance development, plant bacterial diseases, cucurbit crops, oomycete population diversity, and related areas of interest. Growers, extension educators, and industry personnel who are involved with cucurbit crop production and other crops that are impacted by the same or similar oomycete pathogens. Undergraduate students at Michigan State University who are interested in developing skillsets in laboratory and field techniques. Changes/Problems:Just prior to joining the Hausbeck laboratory, the incubator where all past collections for the pathogen that Dr. Klein-Gordon planned to work with for a majority of the project collapsed and most of the collection was lost. At the beginning of the project, Dr. Klein-Gordon attempted to sort through remaining storage tubes and test viability of a subset of isolates. Due to a low recovery rate, and minimal collection numbers, Dr. Klein-Gordon, with the support of her mentor, determined it would be best to forego using previous collections and instead start a new pathogen collection for the current year and use this for characterization. This would also provide growers with the most up to date information for pathogen populations and provide Dr. Klein-Gordon an opportunity to select isolates from a wider range of growers and crops within a single season than was previously done in the laboratory group. Disease symptoms for the pathogen of interest did not begin to appear until mid- July, so in those few months, Dr. Klein-Gordon (1) further planned out the modified project and learned how to work with the new pathogen system in the laboratory; (2) analyzed data, wrote a manuscript, and submitted it for publication in her field's premier journal from her Honors Undergraduate Thesis project data, which helped her secure a permanent Research Plant Pathologist position with the USDA Agricultural Research Services as it was directly related to the position she was being considered for; (3) analyzed data and crafted a poster from an unfinished side project from her PhD research for the American Phytopathological Society's national conference, which allowed her to present while in attendance; (4) aided her mentor, Dr. Hausbeck, with drafting and coordinating a USDA Specialty Crop Block grant proposal her mentor was leading, which allowed Dr. Klein-Gordon to hone her grant writing skills, build her knowledge about a new pathogen-host system, and expand her professional network. Pathogen collection, isolation, and confirmation demanded more funds from the budget be utilized for supplies than was originally allotted for and that she use most of the funds originally allotted for an undergraduate fellow in the second year for aid from undergraduate students and technicians in the first project year. Klein-Gordon was only able to collect, isolate, store, and begin completing initial pathogen characterization due to this change in schedule and need to terminate fellowship earlier due to a permanent job opportunity. Data generated from the main proposed project is thus limited, but Dr. Klein-Gordon intends to collaborate with her project mentor to secure new funds for her mentor's group to continue working with the collection to deliver useful information to growers, and Dr. Klein-Gordon was still able to gain valuable experiences and spend time on previous projects that allowed her to generate products and meet some of her original project goals. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Dr. Klein-Gordon gained valuable skills and knowledge working with pathogen and host systems that she had not worked on previously, which better equips her for the wide range of agricultural issues that Dr. Klein-Gordon will likely need to have knowledge on, or aid with addressing, throughout her career. Dr. Klein-Gordon also gained experience with writing and collaborating in the proposal stages on a larger multi-million-dollar grant with a diverse team of agricultural researchers, which will be helpful as she will likely need to do this throughout her career as a researcher. Dr. Klein-Gordon attended the American Phytopathological Society's national conference, where Dr. Klein-Gordon expanded her professional network and further honed her presentation skills. Dr. Klein-Gordon attended two formal professional development workshops at Michigan State University, including 'Crucial Conversations for Mastering Dialogue' and 'Creating and Sustaining a Positive Workplace', which better prepared her for a successful career as a leader in the agricultural sciences. These workshops allowed Dr. Klein-Gordon to assess her own experiences, and hear about hypothetical experiences, strategizing the most effective approaches to solving people-related issues or concerns that arise within the workplace and ensure a positive work environment that accommodates a wide range of needs. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Dr. Klein-Gordon informed Michigan vegetable extension educators about project updates, who speak directly to growers, about project progress, during weekly Michigan State University vegetable extension group Zoom meetings. Results from previously outlined goals were not generated, so results could not be disseminated to grower communities. The results from other projects Dr. Klein-Gordon worked to complete from prior research during the fellowship time period were disseminated via a publication in a top plant pathology research journal and a poster presentation at a national plant pathology conference. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Dr. Klein-Gordon conducted a new survey of Phytophthora blight populations in Michigan cucurbits (please see 'Changes/Problems' section for more details as to why the project was modified), isolated and stored these isolates, and began initial characterizations, including molecular confirmation of pathogen species identity and pathogen mating type. Dr. Klein-Gordon was unable to utilize recent Hausbeck Phytophthora collections for studies due to a laboratory loss of historical collections. Due to this unforeseen complication to the project, Dr. Klein-Gordon was unable to begin parts (2) and (3) of the first specified goal, as there were no prior isolates for screening chemical control strategies and therefore no applicable data was generated for developing extension materials for growers. Dr. Klein-Gordon trained three students, two of which she directly supervised, in plant pathology techniques. One student was interested in applying for graduate school, so Dr. Klein-Gordon mentored the student on this process and provided advice. Dr. Klein-Gordon was also able to mentor some of the other undergraduate students and graduate students in the Hausbeck group on graduate school, professional networking and development, and parts of their projects that aligned with her expertise.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Other Year Published: 2023 Citation: Klein-Gordon, J. M., Johnson, K. B., Loper, J. E., Stockwell, V. O. 2023. Contribution of native plasmids of Pantoea vagans C9-1 to epiphytic fitness and fire blight management on apple and pear flowers and fruits. Phytopathology. DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-04-23-0144-SA
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2023 Citation: Klein-Gordon, J. M., Minsavage, G. V., Jones, J. B., Goss, E. M., Vallad, G. E. 2023. Multiple streptomycin resistance mechanisms identified in the Florida Xanthomonas euvesicatoria pv. perforans population. Plant Health 2023.