Source: CORNELL UNIVERSITY submitted to
BUILDING A RESILIENT ORGANIC HEMP INDUSTRY FROM SEED TO MARKET: ASSESSING RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND EDUCATION NEEDS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1028982
Grant No.
2022-51300-37879
Cumulative Award Amt.
$50,000.00
Proposal No.
2022-04032
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2022
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2024
Grant Year
2022
Program Code
[113.A]- Organic Agriculture Research & Extension Initiative
Project Director
Moore, V.
Recipient Organization
CORNELL UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
ITHACA,NY 14853
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
Hemp is a versatile and productive crop; it is widely adapted, and has many potential uses including textiles, construction, food, animal feed, health, and personal care. The 2018 Farm Bill legalized hemp production across the US, paving the way for rapid growth in cultivation and industry. While there is tremendous excitement about hemp, there is also uncertainty and risk, with major gaps in research, extension, and education due to previous legal barriers, especially for organic producers. As the industry grows and develops rapidly in the coming years, there is a critical need to invest resources in high-impact research, extension, and education activities that will guide organic hemp production in a sustainable, profitable, and equitable direction. This project seeks to understand gaps in knowledge and resources limiting organic hemp production for both farmers and hemp industry professionals, assess market potential for organic hemp products, and prioritize research, extension, and education needs to develop an equitable, resilient, productive, and profitable organic hemp industry. Collaborators will accomplish these objectives by engaging with farmers, industry stakeholders, and eduators through a survey and focus groups. Through these activities, the project will directly address legislatively-defined OREI goals 1, 2, 4, 5, and 8 by: improving organic hemp production, breeding, and processing methods (Goal 1), evaluating potential economic benefits of organic hemp production (Goal 2), determining desirable traits for organic hemp products (Goal 4), identifying market and policy constraints on organic hemp production (Goal 5), and guiding development of improved hemp varieties for organic agriculture (Goal 8).
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2051730108125%
2051730114025%
2051730310025%
2051730302025%
Goals / Objectives
The goal of this project is to identify research, extension, and education priorities that will support the development of the organic hemp industry to be resilient, sustainable, profitable, and equitable.Project Objectives:Understand the critical gaps in farmer knowledge and resources limiting the equitable participation in and resilience, productivity, and profitability of organic hemp production.Assess the market potential for organic hemp products and identify the major barriers limiting access to markets, and how these factors vary across farmer identity.Identify knowledge gaps of hemp professionals regarding organic production systems.Prioritize identified research, extension, and education needs and develop further collaboration and development of grant proposal(s) to address these needs.
Project Methods
Objective 1: Farmer Survey & Focus Groups.In January-April 2023, a survey will be distributed to both organic hemp producers and organic grain producers who do not currently produce hemp. Topics will include farmer demographics, current acreage, barriers to adoption, variety selection and seed sourcing, management challenges, end-use products, markets, future plans, perceived training needs, and other topics identified by key stakeholders. Survey questions will be determined by the project team in consultation with key stakeholders. The survey instrument will be designed and distributed using the Tailored Design Method (Dillman et al., 2009). The survey will be piloted with a group of farmers before distribution, the finalized questionnaire will be distributed via both paper mail and email, and each participant will receive multiple contacts including the survey, a reminder, and a second copy of the survey. Participants will be identified through the USDA Organic Integrity Database as well as through farmer organizations, listservs, and conferences.Focus groups will also be conducted with farmers at regional organic farming conferences, pending public health and safety limitations. Questions will focus on key topics identified through a preliminary analysis of the survey data. Focus groups will be planned and facilitated according to the best practices identified by Nyumba et al. (2018). Each focus group will include up to twelve participants and will last one to two hours. Focus groups will be led by a facilitator and an assistant; the facilitator will introduce the goals of the study, obtain consent from participants, ask open-ended questions, and draw out participants as needed. The assistant will take notes on non-verbal interactions, group dynamics, and general discussion content). Focus groups will be recorded for future transcription and analysis.Objective 2: Industry Focus Groups.In January-April 2023, one or more focus groups will be conducted with representatives of companies currently buying organic hemp fiber, grain, or cannabinoids, and companies with potential to become buyers in the future. Participants will be recruited by reaching out directly to companies known to be purchasing organic hemp, or who are perceived as potential future buyers. These individuals will be identified through the networks of project collaborators, stakeholders (see letters of support), and by direct outreach to companies. Focus groups will take place either virtually or in-person in conjunction with a relevant industry conference, pending public health and safety limitations. Topics will include their current use of organic hemp, challenges with quality and sourcing, future plans, perceived training needs, and perceptions of the organic hemp market broadly. Focus groups will be conducted according to the methods described in Objective 1.Objective 3: Education Focus Groups.In January-April 2023, one or more focus groups will be conducted with educators teaching courses related to hemp production and processing. Participants will be identified through researcher networks and publicly available course listings. Participants will represent courses taught in diverse modalities (online, in-person, degree- and certificate-granting) offered by a range of institutions including minority-serving institutions, public land grant universities, tribal colleges and universities, and community colleges. Topics will include current inclusion of organic principles and practices in their curriculum and the types of knowledge they feel would be most helpful to future professionals participating in hemp-related degree programs and informal education (e.g., workshops, educational materials, development of online certificate programs), and what, if any, barriers prevent the adoption of this content. Focus groups will take place virtually and will be conducted according to the methods described in Objective 1.Objective 4: Researcher Meetings.Researchers will meet virtually for a project initiation meeting in October 2022. Thereafter, the group will meet bimonthly to coordinate project activities and provide feedback on stakeholder engagement tools, analysis methods, and other project activities. A final, in-person meeting will take place in September 2023. Results of the stakeholder needs assessment will be synthesized and presented at the meeting, and a series of intensive brainstorming and planning sessions will take place with a target outcome of developing ideas and concrete plans for one or more grant proposals by the end of the meeting.

Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/24

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences reached during the duration of the project include organic farmers, professionals involved in the hemp industry, and researchers, educators, and extension professionals working on hemp- or organic agriculture-related topics. Changes/Problems:PD Moore had an unplanned medical leave (due to a serious car accident), which slowed progress on the project for several months. This in particular led to delayed progress on the white paper and a follow-on grant submission. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Communications Assistant Emily Fratz was trained in development of survey and focus group instruments, focus group facilitation, and survey and qualitative data analysis. During the project, she took courses on qualitative data analysis and adoption of innovations. Fratz was accepted to Cornell University's PhD program in plant breeding and started the program in June 2024. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were presented at an academic conference and have been accepted for publication in a scientific journal. A public-facing white paper is in process and expected to be published in 2025. We also plan to submit a grant to follow up on the identified research, education, and extension priorities, which will lead to additional dissemination avenues. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?This is the final reporting period. However, we expect the accepted paper to be published by the end of 2024 and a white paper and grant submission to be finalized in 2025.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The project team met in September 2023 to discuss the contents of an internal project report and plan future activities, including additional analysis and writing of a peer-reviewed publication, white paper, and follow-on grant proposal. Survey and focus group data analysis was finalized in Winter/Spring 2024. A peer-reviewed manuscript was drafted and revised in Spring/Summer 2024, and submitted for publication in June 2024. Results from the project were presented at a scientific meeting in November 2024. The manuscript was also accepted for publication in November 2024, but as of the date of this submission the paper has not yet been published by the journal. The project team continues to work on a white paper and follow-on grant submission. The survey received a total of 140 responses and 39 participants engaged in focus groups. Respondents and participants included current and prospective hemp growers as well as other professionals engaged in relevant industries. Among current hemp growers, survey respondents were mostly growing hemp for cannabinoid products while focus group participants skewed towards grain and fiber production. The most significant challenges were related to marketing, sales, and regulations. Based on the results of the survey and focus groups, we identified the following research, extension, and education priorities to support organic hemp production in the US: Evaluate and improve suitability of organic hemp for new and emerging end-uses; Develop enterprise budgets for organic hemp operations; Evaluate and develop extension and education materials on best management practices related to organic hemp production, including: organic seed production, organic weed/pest/disease management options, the roles of tillage, cover crops, and crop rotation in organic hemp production, and post-harvest handling; Breed hemp cultivars that are (a) compliant with current THC limits, (b) uniform and stable especially in terms of sex ratio, cannabinoid production, and flowering time, (c) regionally adapted, (d) resistant to key diseases and insect pests, and (e) competitive with weeds (d and e being particularly important specifically for organic production systems); Develop information hubs with clear and evidence-based information about hemp-related regulations, markets and supply chains, and best management practices; Support farmer-to-farmer learning opportunities and farmer-led organizing efforts; and Develop shared curriculum resources and peer learning communities for hemp educators, including an increased emphasis on sustainability and organic agriculture topics in hemp curricula.

Publications

  • Type: Other Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Moore, V., E. Fratz, D. Baltensperger, S. Ellison, H. Grab, L. Sosnoskie, D. Suchoff, and D. Vergara. 2024. Building a resilient organic hemp industry: survey and focus groups assess research, extension, and education needs. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Moore, V., E. Fratz, D. Baltensperger, S. Ellison, H. Grab, L. Sosnoskie, D. Suchoff, and D. Vergara. 2024. Building a Resilient Organic Hemp Industry: Survey and Focus Groups Assess Research, Extension, and Education Needs. ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting (San Antonio, TX).


Progress 09/01/23 to 08/31/24

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences reached during this reporting period include organic farmers, professionals involved in the hemp industry, and researchers, educators, and extension professionals working on hemp- or organic agriculture-related topics. Changes/Problems:PD Moore had an unplanned medical leave (due to a serious car accident), which slowed progress on the project for several months. This in particular led to delayed progress on the white paper and a follow-on grant submission. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Communications Assistant Emily Fratz gained experience in survey and qualitative data analysis, and has since applied these skills to another survey and focus group project on another topic related to organic agriculture. Fratz was accepted to Cornell University's PhD program in plant breeding and started the program in June 2024. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were presented at an academic conference and have been accepted for publication in a scientific journal. A public-facing white paper is in process and expected to be published in 2025. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We expect the accepted paper to be published by the end of 2024 and a white paper and grant submission to be finalized in 2025.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The project team met in September 2023 to discuss the contents of an internal project report and plan future activities, including additional analysis and writing of a peer-reviewed publication, white paper, and follow-on grant proposal. Survey and focus group data analysis was finalized in Winter/Spring 2024. A peer-reviewed manuscript was drafted and revised in Spring/Summer 2024, and submitted for publication in June 2024. Results from the project were presented at a scientific meeting in November 2024. The manuscript was also accepted for publication in November 2024, but as of the date of this submission the paper has not yet been published by the journal. The project team continues to work on a white paper and follow-on grant submission.

Publications

  • Type: Other Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2024 Citation: Moore, V., E. Fratz, D. Baltensperger, S. Ellison, H. Grab, L. Sosnoskie, D. Suchoff, and D. Vergara. 2024. Building a resilient organic hemp industry: survey and focus groups assess research, extension, and education needs. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Moore, V., E. Fratz, D. Baltensperger, S. Ellison, H. Grab, L. Sosnoskie, D. Suchoff, and D. Vergara. 2024. Building a Resilient Organic Hemp Industry: Survey and Focus Groups Assess Research, Extension, and Education Needs. ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting (San Antonio, TX).


Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23

Outputs
Target Audience:Target audiences reached during this reporting period include: Organic hemp farmers, Organic farmers who previously produced hemp but are not currently doing so, Organic farmers not currently producing hemp but interested in doing so in the future, Processors, buyers, and other stakeholders engaged with the hemp industry, and Researchers,educators, and extension professionals working on hemp- or organic agriculture-related topics. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Communications Assistant Emily Fratz was trained in development of survey and focus group instruments, focus group facilitation, and qualitative data analysis. During the reporting period, she took courses on qualitative data analysis and adoption of innovations, and plans to pursue a PhD integrating plant breeding and social science research methods. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Relevant stakeholders participated in the survey and focus groups. Project results will be disseminated during the next reporting period. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The project team plans to finalize data analysis and write/submit a publication for peer review. They also plan to draft a white paper for public distribution summarizing research, extension, and education priorities. Finally, they plan to develop a grant proposal for submission to the USDA OREI program.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1: Understand the critical gaps in farmer knowledge and resources limiting the equitable participation in and resilience, productivity, and profitability of organic hemp production. A farmer survey was conducted both by paper mail and online, using the USDA AMS Organic Integrity Database as well as organic farmer listservs and organizations. The survey solicited input from organic farmers currently growing hemp and from other organic grain producers not currently growing hemp but who may be interested in doing so in the future. The survey asked questions related to current crop production in terms of scope, scale, and methods, and about the major challenges limited farmers ability to grow and market hemp. In addition to the survey, two focus groups were conducted with organic hemp producers to understand the same topics in greater depth. Objective 2: Assess the market potential for organic hemp products and identify the major barriers limiting access to markets, and how these factors vary across farmer identity. Topics related to market access were included in both the survey and farmer focus groups. In addition, two industry focus groups were conducted to assess the perceived barriers by potential buyers and processors of organic hemp. Objective 3: Identify knowledge gaps of hemp professionals regarding organic production systems. Topics related to organic production systems were included in the industry focus groups and in two additional focus groups conducted with hemp educators. Objective 4: Prioritize identified research, extension, and education needs and develop further collaboration and development of grant proposal(s) to address these needs. Data collected through the survey and six focus groups were analyzed and summarized in a report, which was distributed to all project collaborators. After receiving a no-cost extension, the project team met in September 2023 to discuss the contents of the report and prioritize research, extension, and education needs. These prioritize will guide future grant writing and publication activities during the next reporting period.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Moore, V. and E. Fratz. 2023. Producer Roundtable: Sharing Perspectives on Growing Organic Hemp. Organic Commodities & Livestock Conference (Raleigh, NC).