Source: UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS submitted to NRP
GLEAN (GAME LEARNING TO EDUCATE AND ADVANCE KNOWLEDGE): TRANSFORMATIVE FOOD SAFETY TRAINING FOR FARMERS MARKET VENDORS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
ACTIVE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1028725
Grant No.
2022-70020-37593
Cumulative Award Amt.
$550,000.00
Proposal No.
2022-01747
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2022
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2026
Grant Year
2022
Program Code
[A4182]- Regional FSMA Center
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF ARKANSAS
(N/A)
FAYETTEVILLE,AR 72703
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
The long-term goal of this Collaborative Education and Training Project is to provide transformative and engaging food safety training to local food producers to increase food safety knowledge, elicit behavior change, and prevent food safety issues within direct-to-consumer venues such as farmers markets. This will be achieved through interactive multimedia learning tools packaged within an educational, web-based gaming platform. Importantly, this multimedia training approach is proven to aid in better understanding of concepts and adoption of behavior change. New and beginning farmers and those hoping to manufacture value-added products to sell in local food markets are our target audiences. The primary objectives to achieve our long-term goal are:Identify knowledge gaps in the understanding of food safety risks related to products of local food producers.Utilize science-based evidence and regulatory standards relevant to food safety risks at farmers markets to develop essential content for training tool.Develop a game-based, food safety training tool for local food producers using a collaborative design process.Deliver and evaluate novel Farmers Market Game for local food producers.Overall, the GLEAN project aims to design wholistic and multi-pronged training tools that incorporate farmers market-specific food safety practices and the practicalities of starting, running, and potentially expanding a small business. This strategy is backed by empirical evidence and informed by stakeholder needs. Our hope is that it will attract new and underserved local food producers and enhance their engagement with the resulting game-based training tools.
Animal Health Component
30%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
0%
Applied
30%
Developmental
70%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
7121499110020%
7121499110120%
7121199110020%
7121199110120%
7125010110020%
Goals / Objectives
The long-term goal of this Collaborative Education and Training Project is to provide transformative and engaging food safety training to local food producers to increase food safety knowledge, elicit behavior change, and prevent food safety issues within direct-to-consumer venues such as farmers markets. This will be achieved through interactive multimedia learning tools packaged within an educational, web-based gaming platform. Importantly, this multimedia training approach is proven to aid in better understanding of concepts and adoption of behavior change. New and beginning farmers and those hoping to manufacture value-added products to sell in local food markets are our target audiences. The primary objectives to achieve our long-term goal are:Identify knowledge gaps in the understanding of food safety risks related to products of local food producers.Utilize science-based evidence and regulatory standards relevant to food safety risks at farmers markets to develop essential content for training tool.Develop a game-based, food safety training tool for local food producers using a collaborative design process.Deliver and evaluate novel Farmers Market Game for local food producers.
Project Methods
Before data collection begins, all protocols will be reviewed by the Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) of the University of Arkansas, New Mexico State University, and University of Houston to ensure requirements are met for social and behavioral research with human subjects. Our primary research questions are:What are the critical gaps in food safety knowledge and practices of local food producers selling in farmers markets?What resources do local food producers need to implement best practices from farm to market?Where are the regulatory gaps and grey areas related to local food producers?How can we most effectively disseminate safety training materials to local food producers via a web-based, game platform?Objective 1. Identify knowledge gaps in the understanding of food safety risks related to products of local food producers. GLEAN project content experts will identify the knowledge and evidence needed to develop content and practice messages to be included in the Farmers Market Game. Knowledge generation will initially include a systematic literature review (SLR) of food safety practices at farmers markets following guidelines published by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Group. Next, we will also perform a realist review to identify contextual elements that promote or impede the act of receiving and implementing knowledge during knowledge dissemination (i.e., during game play). To identify these contextual elements, a variety of data sources can be used, including grey literature (e.g., reports, white papers), commentaries, and theoretical papers in addition to empirical studies. More nuanced, qualitative data regarding factors perceived to be barriers, challenges, and facilitators to adoption of food safety practices in farmers markets will be collected using an in-depth telephone interview approach. The interviews will be semi-structured and will follow a standard approach for this format. The results of the SLR and interviews will be used to identify essential learning content for local foods producers selling at farmers markets (Objective 2).Objective 2. Utilize science-based evidence and regulatory standards relevant to food safety risks at farmers markets to develop essential content for training tool. Based on the results of the SLR and realist reviews (implicit and explicit knowledge) and interviews (tacit knowledge), we will create a farmers market-specific training to facilitate knowledge adoption and implementation of best practices for food handling in farmers market venues. An English-language, farmers market-specific educational game will be developed for use with local food producers who currently, or desire to, sell their products at farmers markets.Objective 3. Develop a game-based, food safety training tool for local food producers using a collaborative design process. Using established design processes, the design team at NMSU will work with the content specialists to identify key gaps in knowledge in the target audience such as i) key ideas that may not be familiar or that use new terminology; ii) concepts that producers consistently struggle to understand or apply; iii) entrepreneurial challenges or barriers faced by new and underserved growers; and iv) common misconceptions. The team will then craft gameplay that supports a transformational change in the learner toward building and applying knowledge, understanding terms, and overcoming misconceptions. During development, the team will engage in extensive formative testing of the Farmers Market Game. NMSU's Learning Games Lab is a user-testing research space with an exploratory environment for playing as well as evaluating games and educational tools. The design team conducts formative testing throughout the entire development process in the lab. Faculty researchers, project managers, designers and programmers conduct focus groups, engage in expert review, and observe pilot testing of products.Objective 4. Deliver and evaluate novel Farmers Market Game for local food producers. To evaluate training effect, we will employ a randomized experimental design using a waitlist control group to determine effect of the game-based training. To characterize sustainable adoption of food safety knowledge and potential behavior change, data collection will take place at four points in time: (i) before the training intervention, (ii) immediately following game play, iii) one-month post-intervention, and iv) six-months post-intervention. The intended outcome is that local food producers at farmers markets will be more likely to implement food safety practices after playing the Farmers Market Game.

Progress 09/01/23 to 08/31/24

Outputs
Target Audience:This project aims to target farmers market managers, vendors, beginning farmers, and consumers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided research exposure and opportunity to one undergraduate student at the University of Houston. Also provided training for one post-doc at the University of Arkansas. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Regarding project goal 1 (Identify knowledge gaps in the understanding of food safety risks related to products of local food producers), we plan to finalize coding manuals for evaluating the content and quality of the 197 farmers market food safety artifacts identified. Regarding project goal 3 (Develop a game-based food safety training tool for local food producers using a collaborative design process), the development team will refine gameplay based on user testing with a beta version of the game in the following months. Then, we will design a social media and promotion campaign for the game release.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Identify knowledge gaps in the understanding of food safety risks related to products of local food producers. A review article on farmers market food safety and training gaps was prepared and submitted for publication (published October 2024, thus outside this reporting period). We also compiled a database of all farmers market food safety resources by state with metadata including resource name, URL/link, date published, authors, topics. We utilized the NECAFS Food Safety Clearinghouse to identify many of these resources. 197 unique resources were identified; most states had one or more resource posted for farmers markets. Our team found several similarities in focus of the resources that came from extension sites and official state documents; rules varied by state. Utilize science-based evidence and regulatory standards relevant to food safety risks at farmers markets to develop essential content for training tool. Game Design summit: In response to goal 3 of this project, PIs on the project convened in the Learning Games Lab (New Mexico State University) for a 2-day design summit led by the development team. During the summit, researchers, context experts, and game developers immersed themselves in the farmer's market vendors' training needs, knowledge gaps, and intended behavior changes.Guided by research, the team outlined the project audience content needs and intended changes to happen after they used the game intervention. After extensive discussions articulating the learner needs and game activities, the team planned to design a Tycoon-style game for the farmers' market, where players managed a farmer's market and faced different food safety challenges through mini-games.As a result of the summit, co-PI Cezarotto started a design document, where all the game decisions were written, and a production timeline was stabilized based on the proposal timeframe. Develop a game-based, food safety training tool for local food producers using a collaborative design process. Game Design & Development: After the design summit, the team dived into the design phase. The development team met weekly to define the design of the game, gameplay, complexity, and approach in detail. During the design phase, the development team had specific checkpoint meetings with the content experts of this project to get feedback on design ideas and ensure the content was correct. Since the first meeting of the project, the team has had accessibility in mind, designing a gameplay experience that is in compliance with the US regulations and that can be played by a wide range of user considering their visual, hearing motor, and cognitive needs.The player's goal in the game is to successfully manage the market by attracting customers with appealing stands, profiting from sales, and providing fresh and safe products. Players can add ten different types of stands, from fresh to ready-to-eat products. Each stand was intentionally designed to bring specific food safety issues, and challenges mapped out during the design summit, including personal hygiene, cross-contamination, temperature abuse, and labeling & packaging. Social media-style posts communicate to players when a stand has a food safety issue that needs to be addressed. To solve the food safety issues, players need to solve various mini-games. Currently, the game is in development phase. This means that most of the design phase was completed, and the team is designing art assets and game coding. During this phase, the team performs formative user testing with the game, testing the interface, content clarity, and gameplay experience.The team refined and detailed the game idea, ensuring the gameplay activities reflect the content players need to learn. At this stage of development, most art assets and the primary coding have been completed. Deliver and evaluate novel Farmers Market Game for local food producers. In progress, dependent on Objective 3

Publications


    Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23

    Outputs
    Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One post-doc is participating in this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will be meeting in January 2024 for a design summit to finalize the concept of the game-based training tool and essential content. The game will be developed at NMSU over the next reporting period.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1: We have conducted a review of the literature related to farmers market food safety and potential barriers to implementation of best practices at the market. During this process, we are also embarking on a content analysis of farmers market food sfaety related materials that have been developed by state extension offices across the country to determine missing content and possibly how frequently materials are accessed. Objective 2: Based on the review, we have identified essential content for the training tool. Objective 3: No progress Objectibe 4: No progress.

    Publications

    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Presentation: Choosing the Right Media for the Message Speakers: Dr. Barbara Chamberlin, NMSU Learning Games Lab; Dr. Kristen Gibson, University of Arkansas, Department of Food Science; Dr. Jennifer J. Quinlan, Dept. of Nutrition Sciences, Drexel University; Pamela N. Martinez, EdD, NMSU Learning Games Lab; and Dr. Matheus Cezarotto, NMSU Learning Games Lab Conference: Consumer Food Safety Education Conference, March 1-3, 2023, Arlington, VA.