THE SMELL OF FEAR: UTILIZING NATURAL ENEMY ODOR CUES TO REDUCE APHID POPULATIONS AND IMPROVE PEST MANAGEMENT

• Sponsoring Institution: National Institute of Food and Agriculture
• Project Status: COMPLETE
• Funding Source: AFRI COMPETITIVE GRANT
• Reporting Frequency: Annual
• Accession No.: 1028488
• Grant No.: 2022-67012-37112
• Cumulative Award Amt.: $211,549.00
• Proposal No.: 2021-08333
• Project Start Date: Apr 1, 2022
• Project End Date: Mar 31, 2025
• Grant Year: 2022
• Program Code: [A1112]- Pests and Beneficial Species in Agricultural Production Systems

Recipient Organization
PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY
408 Old Main
UNIVERSITY PARK,PA 16802-1505

Performing Department
Entomology

Non Technical Summary
A major challenge in US agriculture is the sustainable management of insect pests that threaten food security. One line of defense is the use of insect predators and parasitoids (natural enemies) as biological control agents in integrated pest management programs. Natural enemies provide benefits to crops by directly consuming pests and thus reducing crop damage. However, it has also been shown that the mearepresence of thier natural enemies can modify pest physiology and behavior that might reduce their impacts on crops. One way to mimic the presence of a predator is to simulate the cues that pest insects use to determine that danger is nearby, such as the visual, vibratory, or odor cues. This work proposes to understand the role of natural enemy odor cues in eliciting changes in pest insect behavior and damage on agricultural crops.Preliminary data suggest that lady beetle odor cues influence the movement and reproductive capacity of a notorious crop pest - aphids. While this research has shown that aphids are impacted by predator odor cues, few studies have directly confirmed that aphids can detect natural enemy odor cues, and whether aphids will respond to these cues in natural settings. This proposal will expand this work by 1) Confirming that aphids detect and avoidnatural enemy odor cues 2) Determining whether odor cues from two different natural enemies (lady beetles and parasitic wasps)interact to enhance risk effects, and 3) Examining the impact of natural enemy odor cues on aphid abundance and other pest and beneficial insects in a natural setting. Overall, this work will advance the Priority Area of Plant health and Production by reducing agrichemical inputs and increasing the efficiency of sustainable pest management strategies.

Animal Health Component

(N/A)

Research Effort Categories

Basic

100%

Applied

(N/A)

Developmental

(N/A)

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
215	1440	1070	100%

Knowledge Area
215 - Biological Control of Pests Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
1440 - Cole crops;

Field Of Science
1070 - Ecology;

Keywords

biocontrol:chemical

ecology:myzus

persicae:brassica

oleracea:harmonia

axyridis:aphidius

colemani

Goals / Objectives
A major challenge in US agriculture is the sustainable management of insect pests that threaten food security. One line of defense is the use of insect predators and parasitoids (natural enemies) as biological control agents in integrated pest management programs. Natural enemies provide benefits to crops by directly consuming pests and thus reducing crop damage. However, it has also been shown that the presence of predators or their cues can elicit non-consumptive effects in prey physiology and behavior that might reduce pest impacts on crops. In order to maximize the impact that natural enemies have on pests, we must also harness non-consumptive effects in pest management strategies. The use of natural enemy chemical cues to enhance crop protection represents a new frontier in applied agricultural entomology.The following objectives will guide my proposed research:Objective 1. Do aphids detect and respond to isolated natural enemy odor cues?Recent research suggests that the stress imposed by the detection of predator cues can also affect aphid behavior and reproductive capacity. Lady beetle odor cues have been shown to affect aphid movement decisions (Hermann et al. in revision). We have reason to believe aphids may detect parasitoid odor cues as well, since a dedicated olfactory circuit used solely to avoid parasitoids was found in Drosophila spp. (Ebrahim et al. 2015). Therefore, I predict that aphids are able to respond to risk through detection of natural enemy-isolated odor cues.Objective 2. Does exposure to natural enemy odor cues affect aphid populations?Animals, including many insect species, are known to alter individual traits in response to the risk of being eaten. However, a major question remains in whether these risk-induced trait changes scale up to influence prey population size. Since natural enemy cues are known to influence prey trait changes, I predict that this response will in turn influence aphid population size. Furthermore, since the life-history strategies differ dramatically between aphid wing morphotypes, I also predict that the direction of a given trait change and thus the potential for cascading effects on population size is likely to differ among aphid morphotypes.Objective 3. Does exposure to natural enemy odor cues affect aphid populations and the composition of insect communities in the field?When studying natural populations, there is often a disparity between what we see in controlled, laboratory environments compared to population patterns in complex, field environments. Complexity arises due to many interacting abiotic and biotic factors, including among members of the insect community. Since food-web dynamics are often linked across a complex community in a given habitat, we predict that the addition of natural enemy odor cues will not only affect aphid populations in an open field setting but also insect community composition.Overall, this work will advance the Priority Area of Plant health and Production by reducing agrichemical inputs and increasing the efficiency of biological control.Two, full-time undergraduate researchers will assist in the completion of these objectives, and this funding will allow me to attend at minimum 4 academic conferences and 2 open access publications to share our findings.Additionally, The USDA NIFA postdoctoral fellowship will provide me the opportunity to enhance the skills necessary to be competitive for a leadership role in academia. By combining my passion for scientific inquiry and agricultural questions at the fore, I will leverage my research outcomes and experience to enhance my training and development in three major areas: 1) Develop an independent research program on insect ecology in agroecosystems, 2) Expand upon mentorship skills by engaging with undergraduate and graduate students in teaching and research and 3) Strengthen my proficiency in scientific communication with the public.Over the course of this funding period, my main professional development objectives are to 1) organize a symposium that melds ecological approaches in agricultural research for the EntSoc meeting, 2) design and execute a seminar course and formally mentor two undergraduate researchers 3) present to the Master Gardener Program at PSU. By completing these training objectives, I will be a more competitive candidate for teaching-focused faculty positions, in addition to furthering my goals of enhancing public understanding of science and equitable initiatives in academia.

Project Methods
Objective 1: Do aphids detect and respond to natural enemy odor cues? Rationale: To confirm whether aphids demonstrate an electrophysiological response to natural enemy odor cues, we will use the GC/EAG technique (coupled gas chromatography-electroantennography). Although GC/EAG indicates that aphids are detecting natural enemy odor cues, it is unknown whether the aphid response is attracted or repelled by the odor stimuli. Thus, follow-up two-arm olfactometer assays will be conducted.Methods: 1A) Natural enemy odor cues will be collected from H. axyridis and A. colemani using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) adsorbent fibers to collect headspace volatiles from these two predator/parasitoid species housed in small enclosed glass chambers. For recording aphid EAGs, we will use the specialized aphid recording setup optimized by Park and Hardie (1998) to assess aphid antennal detection of the GC-eluting odorants. We will assess aphid female antennal responses to three natural enemy SPME volatile headspace entrainments: lady beetles (a group of four individuals), parasitoid (group of four), lady beetle and parasitoid (group of two lady beetles plus two parasitoids), plus a no-predator blank control. One-hundred nanograms of an aphid alarm pheromone standard, ((E)-Beta farnesene), will be injected on the GC as a separate positive EAG control. All treatments will be assessed on 10 each of winged and wingless female aphids. The relative EAG amplitudes from winged and wingless female aphid antennae in response to the different natural enemy volatiles will be assessed using custom software designed by Andrew Myrick of the Baker laboratory (c.f., Hall et al. 2019). 1B) The two-arm olfactometer assays will assess aphid attraction or repellency to the natural enemy odor cues. The odor treatments will mirror the EAG study: ladybeetle (four), parasitoid (four), ladybeetle and parasitoid (two lady beetles and two parasitoids). The natural enemies will be placed inside a glass jar for 16 hrs to build up volatile concentrations before choice assays begin (Methods described in Davidson-Lowe and Ali 2021). The final choice between a natural enemy odor source and an enemy-free arm of humidified water will be assessed for both alate and apterous individual aphids and analyzed using independent t-tests. Expected Outcomes: We expect that aphids will detect natural enemy odor cues eluting from the GC after SPME injections that will yield significant EAG amplitudes. In addition, we predict natural enemy volatile components will elicit stronger responses in winged adults, since they are more reliant on olfactory cues for host finding and acceptance than wingless adults. Based on preliminary studies, we predict that apterous aphids will avoid natural enemy odor cues from all treatment combinations, but alates will move toward all combinations of natural enemy odor cues.Objective 2: Does exposure to natural enemy odor cues affect aphid populations?Rationale: Natural enemy odor cues reduce wingless aphid fecundity, but the response varied over time within a larger group (Hermann et al. in revision). However, winged aphid fecundity was unaffected by natural enemy odor cues. Therefore, we do not know whether aphid response to natural enemy odors will be consistent between morphs or if these changes in individual phenotype will have impacts at the population level over multiple generations.Methods: A group of 20 adult aphids will be added to a single 4-week old collard plant within a 60 × 60 × 60 cm mesh-nylon cage on a greenhouse bench. After allowing the aphids to settle for 24 hours, each cage will receive either a free-moving (lethal) or caged (risk) natural enemies. The natural enemy treatments include: lethal lady beetle (1 male + 1 female), lethal parasitoid (2 female), combined lethal (1 lady beetle (male) + 1 female parasitoid), lady beetle risk (2 caged), parasitoid risk (2 caged), combined risk (1 lady beetle + 1 female parasitoid caged), and a natural enemy-free control (Fig. 3). The natural enemies in the risk treatments will be caged within opaque mesh metal cages (tea infusers) to inhibit visual and tactile cues but allow for chemical cues and will be tied to the top of the plant cage. Moistened cotton will be provided in each tea infuser to provide sustenance for the natural enemies. Two tea infusers will be used per plant cage in the combined risk treatments to avoid intraguild predation. The treatments will be replicated 5 times for a total of 35 cages. Aphid abundance will be assessed on days 3, 7, 14, 21,and 28. Natural enemies in both the lethal and risk treatment will be checked every 3 days for mortality and replaced as needed. To maintain a similar presence of natural enemies between the risk and lethal treatments, lady beetle egg masses and parasitoid pupae will be removed from the lethal cages as they are identified. The response of aphid abundance to the natural enemy cue treatments will be assessed over time and compared across treatments using repeated-measures ANOVA. We will use a t-test to compare the number of winged aphids in the natural enemy treatments to the natural enemy-free controls. Expected Outcomes: Lethal natural enemy treatments will reduce aphid abundance, with the largest reduction in aphid abundance in the combined natural enemy treatment. If consistent with prior work in the lab, aphid exposure to predation risk will result in increased nymph production. The combined natural enemy treatment will elicit a stronger response than either natural enemy independently. In addition, I predict that aphid wing production will increase in the presence of natural enemies in both lethal and risk treatments.Objective 3: Does exposure to natural enemy odor cues affect aphid populations and the composition of insect communities in the field?Rationale:In order to know whether we can harness non-consumptive effects as a pest management tool, we need to understand whether aphids respond to odor cues in the field. In addition, it is essential to understand how manipulation of the non-consumptive interactions between organisms affects the other members of the insect community, especially beneficial insects.Methods: This study will be conducted within closed and open mesh field cages.. Each 1.2 × 1.2 m cage will contain one 6-week old potted collard plant that will receive 50 adult aphids. The cage will receive one of 4 non-lethal (risk) natural enemy treatments: Lady beetle (2 male + 2 female), parasitoid (4 female), combined (2 lady beetles + 2 parasitoids), and a no-natural enemy control. The risk treatments will be administered in metal tea infusers attached to the top of the cage, with moistened cotton provided (insects replaced as necessary). The cages will either be closed to prevent external insect colonization, or open on two sides to allow the natural colonization of the broader arthropod community. The predator treatment and cage condition will be replicated 5 times or a total of 64 cages. Aphid density and the composition of the insect community will be assessed weekly through visual surveys and passive sticky cards. Surveys will take place for 6 weeks. We will model the effect of the natural enemy risk treatment on aphid abundance, pest insect abundance, and natural enemy abundance over time using a generalized linear model. Expected Outcomes: In the closed cages, aphid abundance will increase in response to the natural enemy risk treatment due to their inability to disperse. In the open cages, I predict aphid wing production will increase in response to the risk cues, resulting in lower aphid abundance as aphids emigrate from the open plots. Diverse natural enemy assemblages will elicit stronger impacts on aphid abundance than single natural enemy treatments.

Progress 04/01/22 to 01/22/24

Outputs
Target Audience:Our target audiences included other researchers in the field at national/international conferences or through publications (open access when possible to ensure equity), graduate students and undergraduate trainees in entomology/ecology (creating a welcoming space for minoritized communities in the sciences), members of the general public through outreach events in both areas near the university and rural environments, and a wider net of interactions on social media via Twitter and TikTok. The target audience of colleagues now extends across two institutions,Pennsylvania State University and Montana State University. New conferences and audiences are being identified for the remainder of the grant. Changes/Problems:A major change of the project is the PI starting a job at a new institution, leading to the transfer of the project in order to finish the outlined objectives. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project supported 7conference presentations on the work, all invited, including the Project Directors Meeting held in conjunction with the Entomological Society of America Meeting.I was selected to co-chair the 2025 Gordon Research Seminar through a vote of my colleagues as a consequence of my ability to continuously attend this conference due to USDA NIFA support. This grant allowed me to mentor 7 undergraduate researchers, with one student intending to start their graduate studies with me at my new institution.The seminar course on Insect Ecology was successful in its second offering, and my experience teaching this course two years in a row has lead me to be the instructor for a full Insect Ecology graduate course at Montana State University.All of these experiences led me to be highly competitive for the faculty position that I was offered. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?This work has been disseminated through publications, research talks and seminars, outreach presentations, and social media platforms such as Twitter/X. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A major accomplishment from this project was that the PI received a tenure-track faculty position at Montana State University during the execution of this year of work. This grant is in the process of being transferred from Penn State University to Montana State and is in the process of being granted an extension to complete the work. Objective 1: Work has been conducted specifically to continue to address this question in collaboration with the behavioral ecology lab at PSU. The methodology for using the electroantennogram with this organism has been challenging to execute, but strides have been made to confirm bioactivity for the lady beetle odors. New collaborators have been established to better support this aspect of the project. Work on this objective also allowed us to file for a patent for using the odors of lady beetles to control pest insects. For the parasitoid wasps, it appears that the wasp adults do not initiate odor-derived changes in aphid behavior, but aphid exposure to parasitized conspecifics or wasp pupae does elicit responses.Thisdiscoveryopened up a great area of exploration of parasitoid non-consumptive effects that has resulted in an in-prep publication and garnered great interest at two invited presentations in 2023.Objective 2: The publication assessing whether aphid populations are affected by lady beetle odor cues was published in Basic and Applied Ecology in 2023 and was well received. The second component of this project assessing the impact of lady beetle odor cues on parasitic wasps is set to be completed in Summer of 2024. Objective 3: A field trial for Objective 3 was completed in the Summer of 2022, but the results were inconclusive due to extreme herbivory from grasshoppers and intense weeds. In 2023, Objective 3 could not be trialed again due to the job change of the PI of the grant, but is intended to be completed in the Summer of 2024. This fellowship supported the publishing fees for a review article in a highly prestigous journal "Trends in Plant Science" on "Chemical Ecology in Conservation BIological Control" with the PD as first author. Additionally, this grant has supported the production of 4 PD-first author publications, 2 co-authored publications, and 2-3 additional publications in preparation. The additional year of support would allow for at least one additional publication highlighting the results from Objective 2 and Objective 3. Three of the papers have undergraduate researchers as co-authors. Overall, this project supported 7 undergraduate technicans,5 of which completed independent undergraduate research projects and poster presentations.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kansman, Jessica T., Colleen E. Nersten, and Sara L. Hermann. "Smelling danger: Lady beetle odors affect aphid population abundance and feeding, but not movement between plants." Basic and Applied Ecology 71 (2023): 1-8.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Thomas, G., Rusman, Q., Morrison III, W.R., Magalh�es, D.M., Dowell, J.A., Ngumbi, E., Osei-Owusu, J., Kansman, J., Gaffke, A., Pagadala Damodaram, K.J. and Kim, S.J., 2023. Deciphering Plant-Insect-Microorganism Signals for Sustainable Crop Production. Biomolecules, 13(6), p.997.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kansman, J. T., Jaramillo, J. L., Ali, J. G., & Hermann, S. L. (2023). Chemical ecology in conservation biocontrol: new perspectives for plant protection. Trends in Plant Science.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kansman, J. Discussion leader: Multi-trophic interactions and ecological networks. Gordon Research Seminar: PlantHerbivore Interactions, Ventura, CA. February 2023.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kansman, J. and S. Hermann. The smell of trouble: Exploiting the ecology of fear for plant protection. Gordon Research Seminar & Conference: Plant-Herbivore Interaction, Ventura, CA. February 2023.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kansman, J, Noel, A., and S. Hermann. Scary smells: How aphids use odor cues from their natural enemies to determine predation risk. Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, National Harbor, MD.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kansman, J. and S. Hermann. The smell of fear: Utilizing natural enemy odor cues to reduce aphid populations and improve pest management. USDA Pests and Beneficials Project Directors Meeting, National Harbor, MD.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Nersten, C., Kansman, J., and S. Hermann. The effect of predator lady beetle odor cues on aphid feeding behavior. PSU 2023 Undergraduate Exhibition, University Park, PA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Adler, S., Kansman, J., and S. Hermann. To Aphid or Not To Aphid: Aphid Behavioral Changes due to Predation Risk from Lady Beetles. PSU 2023 Undergraduate Exhibition, University Park, PA.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Noel, A., Kansman, J., and S. Hermann. Risk and reproduction: Investigating the impact of parasitoid wasps on nymph production in the green peach aphid. PSU 2023 Undergraduate Exhibition, University Park, PA.

Progress 04/01/22 to 03/31/23

Outputs
Target Audience:Our target audiences included other researchers in the field at national/international conferences or through publications (open access when possible to ensure equity), graduate students and undergraduate trainees in entomology/ecololgy (creating a welcoming space for minoritized communities in the sciences),members of the general public through outreach events in both areas near the university and rural environments, and a wider net of interactions on social media via twitter and tiktok. Changes/Problems:If the volatiles of the parasitic wasps do not induce behavioral responeses in the aphids, this is still interesting information from an ecological standpoint, but we may need to pivot the life stage of the wasp used in the study, or decide another direction for the wasp portion of this research from an applied perspective. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has allowed my attendence at 2-in person conferences, 2 virtual conferences, and 1 upcoming conference in February. This project has allowed me to mentor 8 new undergraduate students in insect ecology and support salaries. This project has supported the development and execution of an Insect Ecology Graduate Seminar at PSU and 3 guest lectures in other courses. This project facilitated my attending of 3 inclusivity workshops and allowed our lab to meet the qualifications for Safer People, Safer Places program at PSU, in addition to a popular press publication on lab inclusivity. This project has also facilited my attending of 3 outreach events at the University, in elementary schools, and in rural PA. This project has also allowed me to be competitive for faculty job offers, receiving two interviews in 2023. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?This work has been disseminated during conference presentations, research manuscripts, and through social media platforms such as Twitter and TikTok. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The results from objective 1 will be developed into a separate publication, and the research from objective 3 will be executed. The additional activities of the symposium proposal for the entomological society of america and the master gardener's talk will be submitted. In addition, this work will be communicated at a minimum of 3 conferences in 2023.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1 has been pursued consistently over the course of the year, with progress made in detecting bioactivity in collaboration with the Baker lab. Whether parasitoid odors are detected by aphids has been suggested only in the pupal stage, but not the adult stage, providing interesting insight. Objective 2 has been completed in part and is included in a publication currently in revision. Objective 3 was tried in a preliminary manner but will be facilitated in Summer 2023. We have learned that several key traits of aphid performance decline in response to lady beetle odor cues, and that this affects lady beetle population size. This project has supported presentations at 4 national/international research conferences, 2 departmental seminars, and 2 undergradauate student poster presentations. This project has also supported 5 publications (2 published, 2 in review, 1 in prep), including one paper with an undergraduate co-author supported by this funding. This project has supported 2 undergraduates full time at a competitive, livable salary, and they are contributing to poster presentations and papers. The seminar course on Insect ecology was designed and successfully executed and offered a second time due to positive feedback.

Publications

• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kansman, J., Nersten, C., Hermann, S. Smelling danger: Lady beetle odors affect aphid population abundance and feeding behavior, but not movement within or between plants. Basic and Applied Ecology.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kansman, J., Jaramillo, J., Ali J.G., Hermann, S. Chemical ecology in conservation biological control: New perspectives for plant protection. Trends in Plant Science.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Lin, P., Kansman, J., Chuang, W., Robert, C., Erb, M., Felton, G. 2022. Water availability and plant-herbivore interactions. Journal of Experimental Botany. https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erac481
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kansman, J.*, Mabry, M.*, Morrison, A.*, Rosbach, S.*, and M. Siegel. 2022 Intentionally addressing equity in the classroom. Journal of College Science Teaching. 52(2).
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kansman, J. Discussion leader: Multi-trophic interactions and ecological networks. Gordon Research Seminar: Plant-Herbivore Interactions, Ventura, CA. February 2023.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kansman, J. and S. Hermann. The smell of trouble: Exploiting the ecology of fear for plant protection. Gordon Research Seminar & Conference: Plant-Herbivore Interaction, Ventura, CA. February 2023.
• Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kansman, J., Basu, S., Lee, B., Crowder, D., Nihranz, C., Casteel, C., and D. Finke. 2022. Plant water stress reduces aphid performance: Exploring mechanisms driven by water stress intensity. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 10:846908. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.846908
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kansman, J, Jaramillo, J., Nersten, C., and S. Hermann. The very scary ladybug: Investigating how top-down stressors influence plant-insect interactions. Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, Vancouver, BC, Canada. November 2022.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kansman, J and D. Finke. Water stress effects on arthropod communities and plant-aphid interactions: Investigating the impact of water stress intensity. 3rd Joint International Society of Chemical Ecology and Asian Pacific Association meeting. (Virtual) August 2022.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kansman, J. and S. Hermann. Nosy pests: Exploiting predatory insect odors to control aphid pests in sustainable crop production. Early Career Symposium, American Chemical Society Fall Annual Meeting. (Virtual) August 2022.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kansman, J., and S. Hermann. The survival guide of a COVID postdoc: Losing mops but not my love of entomology. Annual Meeting of the Eastern Branch of the Entomological Society of America, Philadelphia, PA. April 2022.
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Czekaj, M., Kansman, J., and S. Hermann. Bottom-up effects of fertilizer on aphids and their predators. PSU 2022 Undergraduate Exhibition, University Park, PA. April 2022
• Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Thomas, T., Kansman, J., and S. Hermann. The effect of parasitic wasp (Aphidius colemani) odor cues on nymph production and host-plant selection of aphids (Myzus periscae). PSU 2022 Undergraduate Exhibition, University Park, PA. April 2022.
• Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Germeroth, L. and J. Kansman. How welcoming is your workspace? Zyzzyx, American Entomologist. Winter 2022.