Progress 05/15/24 to 05/14/25
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences reached by this project efforts include researchers, graduate and undergraduate students, farmers, and other industry stakeholders in Iowa, Tennessee, and Vermont state universities. Particularly, farmers in Iowa, Kansas, Texas, Wisconsin, Minnesota and California and industry stakeholders in Minnesota, Oklahoma, Kentucky, Kansas, and Nebraska are our target audience. The PI, co-PI, and students involved in this project have reached diverse stakeholders through podcasts, YouTube videos, webinars, posters, and presentations at the local field days, demos, workshops, and national and international meetings. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Students, PI, and Co-PI have presented posters, presentations, and talks in various national and international meetings, which have provided an opportunity to collaborate and network with scientists in other universities working on new crops and cropping systems and enhance their understanding of mung bean breeding efforts and production practices being developed at ISU. Students are also learning new tools and technology, such as molecular techniqies required to identify gene, cloning gene, verifying the functionality of genes, designing markers, comparative mapping of genes across various leguminous crops, flying drones, analyzing image-based datasets, 3D-phenotyping and creating data analysis pipelines for the community. Students also participated in field days and showcasing their work to farmers, customers and researchers including undergraduate and graduate students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We are disseminating current USDA project results by publishing two MS student thesis at the university portal- Two mung bean varieties were disclosed to ISURF in 2023. Their breeder seed was multiplied in summer of 2024 to produce the foundation seed of these two varieties, which is being distributed to interested farmers and companies interested in planting mung beans in summer of 2025. Students presented posters and talks at various national and international conferences and symposiums, including tri-societies conferences, entomology society meetings, baker center meetings, etc. We have standardized mung bean management practices in collaboration with an agronomist, plant pathologist, entomologist, and weed scientist working on this project, and we plan to publish a mung bean bulletin this summer to help farmers and customers follow them to grow new crops in Mid-West. In August, we plan to host a Mung bean field day to showcase recently disclosed Mung bean cultivars and other ongoing research projects in USDA-funded mung bean projects to farmers and industry stakeholders. The ISU Field Extension Education Laboratory (FEEL) establishes agricultural demonstration plots and organizes in-season training for hands-on education. Co-PI Mueller organizes small-plot demonstrations at FEEL for extension and industry-led events targeting farmers, agribusiness personnel, and students. Participants could see crop management and diagnostic issues firsthand and learn how to identify and mitigate them. The dissemination of results and findings from the project to the scientific community is done through YouTube videos, talks, and poster presentations in annual meetings of the American Society of Agronomy-Crop Science Society of America and to the broader producer/agricultural community (via collaboration with farmers). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8rdqHDGUZIY- Mungbean pod traits https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJrvekSAHC8- CAS in crop production and breeding https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCdg2S33zLc- Precision weed mapping with drone imagery and AI for targeted sprayer applications https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gXLljdn18XM- From stress to success - Future of Breeding for Crop Resilience with N FAST System https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pxY54iUgLEA- The video of all projects combined that was shown at FPS What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1. Ph.D. student working on this project finished whole seed aswell as ground seed NIR scans of 1875 samples of 375 genotypes grown in five replications along with wet chemistry analysis for protein quanification of these lines. This year we will develop and standardize a NIR calibration equation for routine mungbean protein quantification. 2. Understand the underlying genetic architecture of various morphological and phenological traits using high throughput phenotyping platforms like drones equipped with advanced sensors like multispectral cameras specially early seedling vigour,flood tolerance and other biotic and abiotic stress tolerance. 3. Development of bulletin with standardized agronomic, disease, insect, and weed management practices for mungbeans grown in production settings. 4. Dissemination of recently disclosed mung bean varieties to farmers and industry stakeholders working with PI, co-PIs, students and post-doctoral fellows working on this project
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1:Task 1.1: Genome-wide association mapping: Based on the diversity analysis, the Iowa Mungbean Diversity Panel condensed to 372 genotypes for further evaluation. This panel including commercial checks, was tested in two locations during the summer of 2024. Data on various traits such as early vigor, days to flowering (DFF), growth habit, growth pattern (GP), days to maturity (DTM), plant height(PHT), pod length (PL), pod width (PW), number of seeds per pod (SPP), pod color (PC), pod curvature (PCV), 100 seed weight, and seed color were recorded from these experimental fields. An image-analysis-based phenotyping model was developed with the engineering team at Iowa State University to extract pod morphological traits. This model demonstrated great efficiency by showing 92% accuracy in predicting pod length and 74% in number of seeds per pod. A Genome-wide association study (GWAS)analysis was conducted with the predicted data of PL, PW, SPP, PC, and PCV and identified 27 significant QTLs associated with these traits (Boddepalli et al., 2024; Boddepalli et al., 2025). Interestingly, one major QTL on Chromosome 1 (1:19852222) was found to be associated with four traits, PL, PW, PCV, and PC (Boddepalli et al., 2025). Additionally, data on DFF, GP, PHT, and DTM (phenological traits) from 2024 experimental fields were analyzed for GWAS. The results confirmed the major QTLs identified previously, including one major QTL on Chromosome 1 commonly associated with all these four traits by explaining high phenotypic variance (Venkata Naresh Boddepalli and Arti Singh, 2024). Task 1.2: Marker prediction for selected phenological, development, and improvement traits through comparative genomic methods and genetic mapping - Analysis of combined data from the IMD panel testing between 2022 and 2024 confirmed a significant association of a major QTL region with various phenological traits. In our previous study conducted by Chiteri et al. in 2024, we identified a cluster of FERONIA family genes in this region that are associated with these traits. Our comparative mapping studies revealed orthologs of these genes in Arabidopsis, soybean, cowpea, and common bean. We identified a specific gene, Vradi01g00003495, which contains a single nucleotide polymorphism. This gene will be further studied to develop markers and investigate protein-protein interactions in this region. We will also clone this gene for transformation studies in Arabidopsis to characterize its function. Similarly, we found a gene, Vradi01g00001116, identified as commonly associated with pod length, pod width, pod curvature, and color. Comparative mapping studies of this gene revealed orthologs in Arabidopsis, soybean, cowpea, and common bean (Boddepalli et al., 2025). Vradi01g00001116 has strong homology to several Arabidopsis GH3 genes (AT4G27260), influencing organ elongation, pod, seed development, and hypocotyl growth. This gene can also be used in further marker-assisted breeding program. Objective 2: Breed new high-yield and high-protein mung bean cultivars that are suitable for U.S. production Task 2.1 Cultivar Development - Multi-environment trials were conducted across five locations in Iowa in 2024, with intensive phenotyping data collection at four of these sites. These trials build upon those initiated in 2023 to characterize elite lines and develop yield prediction models using multispectral UAV data. A Mica Sense Red Edge-MX Dual Camera system mounted on a UAV was used to collect multispectral imagery weekly, beginning two weeks after planting and continuing until desiccation. Over the course of the field seasons, 42 datasets were collected in 2023 and 41 in 2024. In addition to multispectral imagery, growth stage observations were recorded at each imaging time point. Data collection included days to first flower, 50% flowering, maturity, first mature pod, and pod fill; flower color, mature pod color, pod position, growth habit, and suture color; lodging scores (as needed) and plant height; additional notes on plant health and agronomically valuable traits for breeding decisions. All multispectral UAV data from 2023 and 2024 have been stitched and preprocessed. Initial analyses indicate that indices such as NDVI, NDVIRE, and RVI exhibit higher correlations with yield approximately seven to eight weeks after planting. Additionally, existing RGB UAV image processing pipelines developed within the group were adapted and optimized for multispectral imagery, resulting in an established multispectral UAV imagery processing pipeline. In addition to in-field phenotyping, samples of advanced breeding lines and checks from the 2023 field season were analyzed for total protein content, moisture, methionine content, cystine content, and sugar, including fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose, and total sugars. Task 2.2. In 2024, we conducted field experiments in two locations, planting two lines of mungbean and urdbean using a replicated design. We recorded data on growth stages and local weather conditions during the experiments. This analysis allowed us to standardize mungbean and urdbean growth stages according to the BBCH scale and calculate the Growing Degree Days (GDD) for each stage. Additionally, we created a bio-rendered chart illustrating the plant stages of mungbean . Two manuscripts on the BBCH scales for mungbean and urdbean are prepared to submit for publication this year. Objective 3: Characterize seed composition traits and study protein nutrition and quality, structure, and functions relevant to food applications -Task 3.1 Developing near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy calibration for mung bean seed protein - Trials were conducted from 2021 to 2022 at three field locations, evaluating 375 accessions along with check varieties. Samples collected from these trials were cleaned, scanned using a benchtop NIR, ground into flour, rescanned with the benchtop NIR, and subsequently analyzed for protein content using the combustion method. NIR spectra for both whole seed and flour samples were assessed for quality, and poor-quality scans and samples were filtered out. After filtering, 1,769 samples remained, each containing whole seed NIR spectra, flour NIR spectra, and wet chemistry combustion data for NIR calibration development. These samples represented a variety of seed coat colors, with approximately 91% having a green seed coat, 5% a black or speckled seed coat, and 4% a yellow seed coat. Calibration equations are being compared for accuracy between whole seed and ground (flour) seed samples, as well as for different seed coat colors. For example, a calibration equation specifically for whole green seeds. Crude protein content, as determined by the combustion method, ranged from 19.2% to 30.87%. This dataset is also being used to identify genetic regions associated with protein content. A GWAS conducted with the 1,769 samples identified 14 significant SNPs, six of which were scaffolds. Initial exploration has revealed potential candidate genes, including Vradi05g00000905, a homolog of a soybean gene known to exhibit increased expression in root nodules under drought conditions and ABA-induced expression, a hormone involved in seed storage protein regulation. Further analyses are ongoing to identify additional candidate genes.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2025
Citation:
Venkata Naresh Boddepalli, Kim Daeun, Talukder Z Jubery, Baskar Ganapathysubramanian, and Arti Singh (2025), Genetic analysis of pod traits in Iowa Mung bean Diversity Panel using image-based phenotyping , 12th Annual R.F. Baker Plant Breeding Symposium2025, Ames, IA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Venkata Naresh Boddepalli, Kim Daeun, Talukder Z Jubery, Baskar Ganapathysubramanian, and Arti Singh(2024), Automated phenotyping of mungbean (Vigna radiata) pod traits for Genome-Wide Association Studies in Iowa Mungbean Diversity (IMD) panel, 8th International Plant Phenotyping Symposium 2024, 7-11 Sep 2024, Lincoln, Nebraska.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Venkata Naresh Boddepalli & Arti Singh (2024). Genome-wide association studies in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) for phenological and agronomic traits , 11th Annual R.F. Baker Plant Breeding Symposium, Ames, IA.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Evelyn Elizabeth Heidt. Disease and insect management strategies for Iowa grown mungbean (Vigna radiata) (2024). https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/bitstreams/0a3ef505-732b-4755-83b3-c8d0c46fa8f1/download
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2025
Citation:
Natan Angelo Seraglio. Optimizing Mung Bean Cultivation in Iowa.(2025)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2025
Citation:
Ashlyn Rairdin, Identification of Genomic Regions Associated with Protein Content in Mung Bean , 2025 Annual R.F. Baker Plant Breeding Symposium, Ames, IA
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2025
Citation:
Ashlyn Rairdin and Arti Singh, Using Multispectral UAV Imagery and Machine Learning for Yield Prediction of Mungbeans in Iowa , 2024 International Plant Phenotyping Symposium, Lincoln, NE
|
Progress 05/15/23 to 05/14/24
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences reached by this project efforts include researchers, graduate and undergraduate students, farmers, and other industry stakeholders in Iowa, Tennessee, and Vermont state universities. Particularly, farmers in Iowa, Kansas, Texas, Wisconsin, and California and industry stakeholders in Oklahoma, Kentucky, Kansas, and Nebraska are our target audience. The PI, co-PI, and students involved in this project have reached diverse stakeholders through podcasts, YouTube videos, webinars, posters, and presentations at the local field days, demos, workshops, and national and international meetings. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Students, PI, and Co-PI have presented posters, presentations, and talks in various national and international meetings, which have provided an opportunity to collaborate and network with scientists in other universities working on new crops and cropping systems and enhance their understanding of mung bean breeding efforts and production practices being developed at ISU. Students are also learning new tools and technology, such as flying drones, analyzing image-based datasets, and creating data analysis pipelines for the community. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We are disseminating current USDA project results by publishing manuscripts in reputable journals. (1) Two mung bean varieties were disclosed to ISURF, Ames, Iowa. (2) Two articles were published in a plant pathology journal; the first article was published in the Plant Phenome Journal on "Dissecting the genetic architecture of leaf morphology traits in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wizcek) using genome-wide association stud" and another paper was published in BMC genomics on the "Combining GWAS and comparative genomics to fine map candidate genes for days to flowering in mung bean" (3) Student presented a poster at a plant entomology conference for insect-pest results and comparison with soybean insect pests (1-2 papers expected); (4) Posters were also presented in agronomy conferences (tri-societies conference, NAPB) on crop production results (2 papers expected); (5) genetics journal for GWAS studies on phenological and quality traits like protein content (1-2 papers expected). In June this year, we are working with Iowa organic growers to organize a field day on plant-based protein crop breeding in ISU. Students and USDA project co-PI's will present their project results and future perspectives of these crops in the mid-west. In August, we plan another field day to showcase recently disclosed Mung bean cultivars and other ongoing research in USDA-funded mung bean projects to farmers and industry stakeholders. The ISU Field Extension Education Laboratory (FEEL) establishes agricultural demonstration plots and organizes in-season training for hands-on education. Co-PI Mueller organizes small-plot demonstrations at FEEL for extension and industry-led events targeting farmers, agribusiness personnel, and students. Participants could see crop management and diagnostic issues firsthand and learn how to identify and mitigate them. Over the past three years, the average annual attendance is more than 1,400 people across 34 events. FEEL will establish and maintain mung bean demonstration plots visible to event attendees and provide an outreach venue for educational events related to mung bean. The dissemination of results and findings from the project to the scientific community is done through YouTube videos, talks, and poster presentations in annual meetings of the American Society of Agronomy-Crop Science Society of America and to the broader producer/agricultural community (via collaboration with farmers). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?1. We will develop and standardize a NIR calibration equation for routine mungbean protein quantification. 2. Understand the underlying genetic architecture of various morphological and phenological traits using high throughput phenotyping platforms like drones equipped with advanced sensors like multispectral cameras. 3. Develop agronomic and disease, insect, and weed management practices for mungbeans grown in production settings. 4. Dissemination of recently disclosed mung bean varieties to farmers and industry stakeholders working with PI and other co-PIs for the last several years.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: Genome-wide association studies and development of a breeding toolkit for utilization of diverse mung bean genetic material and continued improvement of elite lines for varied environments.Task 1.1: Genome-wide association mapping (Lead: Singh, Co-lead: Cannon). The phenotypic data were gathered from replicated field experiments involving approximately 450 accessions, including commercial and standard checks, conducted in 2022-2023 at two locations in Iowa. Pod traits were extracted using image analysis tools, demonstrating an 85% correlation with manually collected ground truth data. The data underwent analysis using mixed linear models. Significant associations between markers and traits were identified (Boddepalli & Singh, 2024). Task 1.2: Marker prediction for selected phenological, development, and improvement traits through comparative genomic methods and genetic mapping (Lead: Cannon, Co-Leads: Singh). Early flowering and maturation are advantageous traits for adaptation to northern and southern latitudes. This study investigates the genetic basis of the Days-to-Flowering trait (DTF) in mung bean, combining genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in mung bean and comparisons with orthologous genes involved with control of DTF responses in soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr) and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) (Chiteri et al. 2024). Task 1.3: Compilation and publication of an applied genetic toolkit of marker, phenotype, and genotype data for ongoing mung bean improvement (Lead: Cannon; Co-leads: Singh). This task will help us to prepare information for long-term use by other researchers and breeders. A recent paper published by Chiteri et al. 2024, showcased strong associations between DTF and genes with analogous functions in soybean and Arabidopsis, suggesting their potential causal role in mung bean DTF regulation. These findings provide valuable targets for marker-assisted breeding programs to improve mung bean traits (Chiteri et al., 2024). Objective 2: Breed new high-yield and high-protein mung bean cultivars suitable for U.S. production.There are three tasks under this objective: (2.1) cultivar development, (2.2) disease and insect-pest screening and support of breeding efforts, and (2.3) production system standardization. Task 2.1: Cultivar development using phenomics and conventional tools (Lead: Singh). A modified bulk breeding method was used, and Puerto Rico was used as an off-season nursery for rapid generation advancement. Two mung bean varieties have been disclosed to the ISU intellectual property office. Task 2.2: Disease and insect-pest screening and support of breeding efforts (Leads: Mueller, O'Neal, Co-lead: Singh). As soybeans are widely cultivated in this region, there is the potential for pests from both classes that attack soybeans to switch to mung beans. To generate information for farmers interested in mung bean cultivation, Daren Mueller and his lab assessed the impacts of fungicide applications on two mung bean varieties (Berken and OK2000) in Story County, Iowa, during the summers of 2022 and 2023. Our results indicate that an early reproductive stage fungicide application effectively slows the progression of these two foliar diseases (p-value = 0.03), which in turn played a part in increasing yield by four bu/ac. We also surveyed the diseases that impacted mung bean in the temperate climate of Iowa and are developing a fungal library to assist mung bean breeders in future resistance programs. This assessment suggests that diseases found on soybeans are likely to overlap with mung beans and that a timely fungicidal spray can protect mung beans from foliar disease progression. In August 2022, stem canker symptoms were observed in two mung bean fields in Northern and Central Iowa. Isolations were made from infected stems by planting 5 mm pieces on acidified potato dextrose agar (PDA). To our knowledge, this is the first time soybean pathogen D. longicolla, which commonly causes seed decay, was found to cause stem canker on mung beans. To generate information for Iowan farmers interested in mung bean cultivation, Matt O'Neal and his student surveyed the insect community on two mung bean varieties (Berken and OK2000) in Story County, Iowa, during the summers of 2022 and 2023. Additionally, we assessed the impact of pesticide applications (fungicide and insecticide tank mix) at different plant growth stages (R1 to R5) on reducing insect defoliation levels. Our observations revealed a diverse insect community, encompassing many herbivorous species and beneficial insects. Despite the observed insect overlap, overall defoliation remained limited for both years (<15%), with no significant variation based on pesticide application at different growth stages. This assessment suggests an insect community overlap between soybean and mung bean, but the observed feeding levels did not reach economically significant thresholds. Task 2.3: Production system standardization (Lead: Licht; co-lead: Singh). Modern production protocols must be developed for farmers and future breeding pipelines to make mung bean profitable. This task has two subtasks: establish a cropping system and study the impact of row spacing and seed density on yield and other important traits. Subtask 2.3.1: In 2022 and 2023, experiments were done by Dr. Mark Licht and his students on a double-cropping system of mung bean with small grain production to establish ideal planting dates for maximum yield in this system. Two high-yielding genotypes from ISU were planted in three planting dates and spread across a 60-day planting period in summer. Replicated experiments were established at two locations in each of two years, with small grains [Oat (Avena sativa L.)] in rotation with two mung bean check varieties (Berken and OK, 2000). In addition to the above experiment, planting density's impact on mung bean varieties in Iowa was studied. Three plant densities (90K to 680 K plants/hectare) were analyzed across three genotypes: ISU A and ISU B mung bean varieties and check OK2000. Linear regression analysis compared grain yield to plant density and grain yield means for different genotypes. No significant difference in genotype productivity was observed. Also, no effect of plant density on productivity was observed. Objective 3: Characterize seed composition traits and study protein nutrition, quality, structure, and functions relevant to food applications. The tasks under this objective are (3.1) developing near-infrared reflectance (NIR) spectroscopy calibration for mung bean seed protein, (3.2) profiling minerals of mung bean seed, and (3.3) measuring protein concentrates and isolate extraction. Task 3.1: Develop NIR calibration for mung bean seed protein using intact and grind samples (Leads: Singh).During 2021-2022, three field trial locations were planted with the 375 accessions for the development of protein calibration. Each location contained two replications in a randomized complete block design. Plots were harvested with protocols to ensure high purity of seed samples. Subsamples of 40 g of seed were taken from each plot and were cleaned to ensure the samples were whole intact seeds and no moldy seeds were in the sample. Results of the raw protein content of samples were obtained, showing a normal distribution with a crude protein content ranging from 19.2% to 30.87%. Protein content information from the accessions will be used for NIR calibration equation development and in a GWAS following methods developed in Objective 1.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Chiteri, K.O., Rairdin, A., Sandhu, K. et al. Combining GWAS and comparative genomics to fine map candidate genes for days to flowering in mung bean.BMC Genomics 25, 270 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-024-10156-x.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Chiteri, K. O., Chiranjeevi, S., Jubery, T. Z., Rairdin, A., Dutta, S., Ganapathysubramanian, B., & Singh, A. (2023). Dissecting the genetic architecture of leaf morphology traits in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wizcek) using genome-wide association study. The Plant Phenome Journal, 6(1), e20062. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppj2.20062.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Ashlyn Rairdin and Arti Singh, Characterization of Elite Mungbean Cultivars in Iowa Using Multispectral UAV Imagery , 2024 R.F. Baker Plant Breeding Symposium, Ames, IA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Venkata Naresh Boddepalli & Arti Singh (2024). Genome-wide association studies in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) for phenological and agronomic traits, 11th Annual R.F. Baker Plant Breeding Symposium, Ames, IA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Rairdin, A., & Singh, A. (2023). Exploring Iowa Mung Bean Diversity Panel Traits [Abstract]. ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting, St. Louis, MO. https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2023am/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/152818
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
A survey of insect communities and defoliation in Iowa grown Mungbean (Vigna radiata) Evelyn Heidt, Arti Singh, Daren S. Mueller, Matthew ONeal
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
First report of stem lesion on mungbean (Vigna radiata) caused by Diaporthe longicolla Evelyn Platner-Heidt, Jean C. Batzer, Arti Singh, Matthew ONeal and Daren Mueller
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Fungicidal Strategies for Septoria Brown Spot and Frogeye Leaf Spot Management in Iowa Grown Mungbean (Vigna radiata). Evelyn Heidt, Jean C. Batzer, Arti Singh, Matthew E. ONeal, Daren S. Mueller. NCB American Phytopathological Society meeting, Manhattan, Kansas.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Pei-Wen Ong Ya-Ping Lin Hung-Wei Chen Cheng-Yu Lo Marina Burlyaeva Thomas Noble Ramakrishnan Madhavan Nair Roland Schafleitner Margarita Vishnyakova Eric Bishop-von-Wettberg Maria Samsonova Sergey Nuzhdin Chau-Ti Ting Cheng-Ruei Lee
(2023) Environment as a limiting factor of the historical global spread of mungbean
eLife 12:e85725.
https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.85725
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
PLANT DENSITY DOES NOT AFFECT MUNG BEAN YIELD
The Impact of Plant Density on Mung Bean Varieties in Iowa
Introduction: The U.S. sees rising demand for plant-based proteins, especially the underutilized but versatile mung bean, which fits well in domestic agriculture and food products. Currently, Iowa lacks specific cultivation guidelines for mung beans.
Natan A. Seraglio, Fernando M. Marcos, Arti Singh, and Mark A. Licht
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Effects of Variety and Planting Density on Mung Bean Eco-Physiology and Yield in the Southeastern US
Jaekedah Christian1, Dafeng Hui1*, Navneet Kaur1, Christina Kieffer1, Soroush Moghaddam1, Aisha Touray1, Joshua Borlay1, Matthew W. Blair2, Srinivasa Rao Mentreddy3, Fisseha Tegegne2, Prabodh Illukpitiya2. Agricultural Sciences > Vol.14 No.7, July 2023
|
Progress 05/15/22 to 05/14/23
Outputs
Target Audience:The audience reached by this project included farmers, industry stakeholders, professionals and researchers in universities and graduate and undergraduate students. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided an opportunity to train 3 Ph.D. students in mung bean projects involving genetics, plant breeding and plant phenotyping using advanced sensors and technology. This project is also providing the opportunity to train field research scientists as well as undergraduate and graduate students. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Yes. Published journal articles in the reputed journals, poster presentation, invited talks, youtube videos and other social media platforms like Twitter is being used to disseminate the research results and other outcomes to the relevant community. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We planto work on our objectives and goals of the current project.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
IMPACT - This project is working towards bringing a new warm season legume crop, Mung bean which will serve as a plant-based protein crop for the farmers and stakeholders in Mid-West especially Iowa. This will allow farmers to grow this crop in rotation with other crops like millets and will provide a niche market to stakeholders interested in diversifying their farm in preparation for future climate change scenarios. To make the project successful, my team and I are working towards the goals and objectives laid out in this project. Since it was the first year last summer, we collected a large amount of data in the field on various agronomic and quality traits and collected a lot of digital data using UAV and rover. We also created youtube videos showcasing work going on in mung bean breeding from the crossing program in green house to data collection in field. Our recent work has brought mung bean into the know-how of farmers and stakeholders as another potential crop for a niche market in the US. Also, through our work we were able to publish journal articles to showcase the progress made in understanding genetics, agronomic practices, and other related traits for mung bean cultivation in Midwest. Towards the end of this project, we will be able to release mung bean varieties, some improved germplasm for various traits and production and management practices for growing mung bean in rotation with other crops like oats, and millets. (Obj. 1.1) To aid in the genome-wide association mapping of agronomic and quality traits - Data on the agronomic traits (yield contributing traits) such as plant vigor, days to maturity, pod length, number of seeds per pod, and 100 seed weight were recorded in the GWAS panel. Early plant vigor and days to maturity was taken in the field using drones and rovers. Currently, image analysis is being performed using machine learning (ML) tools. Mung bean pod related traits data were collected and image-based ML analysis for pod length and width was completed, and the number of seeds per pod data extraction is underway. For the plant vigor, the drone images were stitched and ready to train the model with the ground truth data. The data on these traits will help us unravel the QTLs governing these traits and help in the future in deploying genomic selection strategies for mung bean crop improvement. In addition to this, data on our advanced breeding trials was collected on phenological traits and morphological traits like flower color, days to flowering, determinacy, lodging, and any observed disease symptoms. Yield information of advanced breeding lines was collected along with check varieties. (Obj.1.2) Marker prediction for selected phenological, development, and improvement traits through comparative genomic methods and genetic mapping; and manuscript writing (in draft): Combining GWAS And Comparative Genomics to Fine Map Candidate Genes for Days To Flowering In Mung bean. This investigation sought to elucidate the genetic basis of the Days-to-Flowering trait (DTF) in mung bean. To gain insights into this trait, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and implemented comparative genomics techniques to explore the DTF trait across three legume species: Vigna radiata, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Glycine max (soybean). This study's primary goal was to fine-tune and corroborate candidate genes associated with DTF in mung bean, a trait of high significance in northern latitude. The early flowering and maturation facilitated by this trait are particularly advantageous when the goal is to incorporate mung bean as a double crop in mid-western agricultural practices. We observed significant associations for the DTF trait located on chromosomes 1, 2, and 4. Focusing on the GWAS peak on chromosome 4, we identified Vradi04g00002442 and Vradi04g00002773 as strong candidate genes, orthologous to soybean genes GmTFL1a (delays flowering and maturation), E3 (GmPhyA3), and E4 (GmPhyA2) which are light-sensor protein kinase encoding the protein phytochrome A (photoreceptor protein sensitive to red to far-red light). Vradi04g00002773 has been previously reported in studies conducted across multiple continents. Our results confirmed the stability of Vradi04g00002773 as earlier reported from a QTL mapping study in Suwon, South Korea and a previous GWAS study from Ames & Muscatine, Iowa. Breeders may effectively tap into Vradi04g00002773 genes, to support their breeding efforts such as incorporating it into downstream applications in marker-assisted selection. Moreover, it could help establish mung bean as a profitable crop in northern latitudes by providing deeper insight into the flowering time, thereby managing yield more efficiently. (Obj 2.1). Yield performance was analyzed and compared to determine better performing advanced lines and to aid in selection. Yield information within 10-inch and 30-inch row spacing trials was compared to find optimal planting width. (Obj2.2)The high-yielding mungbean breeding lines developed from our breeding program were crossed with the bruchid-resistant source (a storage pest), and the resulting F1s are currently planted to develop recombinant inbred lines (RIL) for further screening in order to develop a bruchid-resistant cultivar. In efforts to aid in cultivar development (Obj 2.1) 40 lines, including checks, were evaluated in yield trials in 2021 and 46 lines, including checks, were evaluated in yield trials in 2022. Of the 40 lines tested in 2021, 15 lines were selected for seed increase in preparation for multilocation testing in 2023, pending yield results and analysis of 2022 yield data (Obj 2.1). In 2021, 30 different cross combinations were attempted with a total of 95 successes (Obj 2.1). In 2022, 41 different cross combinations were attempted with a total of 134 successes with increased knowledge in better crossing practices (Obj 2.1). A total of 126 selections were made in 2021 and were planted in 2022 for evaluation, due to severe weather plots were lost and will be replanted in 2023 (Obj 2.1). Agronomic information for insect-pests in mung beans was collected with insect traps for tracking populations throughout the season within mung bean breeding trials (Obj 2.2). Images of insect traps were manually collected, and a commercial system was also placed in the field for periodic collection of images of an attached sticky trap (Obj 2.2). Disease presence in breeding trials was collected when noticed (Obj 2.2). Row-spacing of 10-inches and 30-inches was tested in 2022 within yield trials for comparison to determine optimal planting width (Obj 2.3). (Obj 2.3). Within yield trials phenological information was collected on lodging, height, and any present disease symptoms (Obj 2.1 and Obj 2.2). Inoculation of mung beans plots with rhizobium strain was tested for yield performance within trials (Obj 2.3). Samples for characterizing seed composition traits and the development of an NIR spectroscopy calibration (Obj. 3.1) have been collected. NIR samples (Obj 3.1) have been cleaned, weighed, characterized, and prepared for analysis.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
1. Jean Carlson Batzer, Arti Singh, Evelyn Platner, Yuba R. Kandel, and Daren Shane Mueller Screening mungbean accessions for susceptibility to soybean fungal diseases in Iowa. 2022.
https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-03-22-0026-RS
2. Chiteri KO, TZ Jubery, S Dutta, B Ganapathysubramanian, S Cannon, A Singh*. 2022. Dissecting the root phenotypic and genotypic variability of the Iowa mung bean diversity panel. Frontiers in Plant Science, p.3128. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.808001.
3. Batzer JC, A Singh, A Rairdin, K Chiteri, DS Mueller*. 2022. Mungbean: a preview of disease management challenges for an alternative U. S. cash crop. Journal of Integrated Pest Management, v13, Issue 1, 2022, 4, https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmab044
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Kevin Chiteri 2022. Diversity and comparative genomics studies in mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek]
https://dr.lib.iastate.edu/handle/20.500.12876/9z0KLEJr
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Poster presented at NAPB meeting Aug8-11,2022 Ames Iowa. Mung bean breeding and research at Iowa State University. Arti Singh, Ashlyn Rairdin, Kevin Chiteri and Naresh Boddepalli
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