Source: AUBURN UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
SUSTAINING FARM OPERATIONS IN EXTREME NEGATIVE FINANCIAL POSITIONS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
ACTIVE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1028056
Grant No.
2022-67023-36112
Cumulative Award Amt.
$650,000.00
Proposal No.
2021-10154
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2021
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2026
Grant Year
2022
Program Code
[A1601]- Agriculture Economics and Rural Communities: Small and Medium-Sized Farms
Recipient Organization
AUBURN UNIVERSITY
108 M. WHITE SMITH HALL
AUBURN,AL 36849
Performing Department
Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology
Non Technical Summary
Delinquency rates of agricultural production loans in the U.S. steadily increased from 2014 to 2020, to the highest rate since 2011. During this decade, almost 5,000 farms filed for bankruptcy under Chapter 12 protection. Georgia was one of the top five states in farm bankruptcy filings, where our analysis has shown the median debt-to-asset ratio of unique bankruptcy cases is almost 19 times more than the median of all Georgia farms. This state of farm financials establishes a critical need to address the ability for farm operations in extreme negative financial positions to increase profitability and sustain farm livelihoods. We seek to address this need through an integrated research and extension program focusing on small and medium sized farm operations. We will expand our unique dataset of farm level bankruptcy filings throughout the U.S. across multiple farming sectors. We will then develop an understanding of the state of farms in bankruptcy with respect to (1) business structure of filers; (2) debt composition, including personal and farm debt across various types of debt and lenders; and (3) economic outcomes, including the ability to maintain control of assets and restructure financial positions. An analysis of state and federal laws will inform the development of a model bankruptcy exemption law for agriculture to inform policymakers. Outreach to farmers, Cooperative Extension, and agribusiness service providers will be implemented through an online financial management curriculum for farms in extreme financial hardship that considers the bankruptcy process and the unique financial position farms like this face.
Animal Health Component
30%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
40%
Applied
30%
Developmental
30%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
6016030301078%
6016030305022%
Goals / Objectives
The goal of this project is to address a critical need for farm operations in extreme negative financial positions to increase profitability and sustain farm livelihoods. We seek to address this need through anintegrated research and extension program focusing on small and medium sized farm operations.Supporting objectives:To assemble a unique dataset of farm level bankruptcy case data.To develop an understanding of the state of farms in bankruptcy with respect to the:business structure of filers through case studies and linked cases,debt composition of cases, including personal vs business debt, traditional vs nontraditional lenders, secured vs unsecured debt, and age of debt, andeconomic outcomes such as the control of assets, discharge of debt, and debt restructuring.To analyze state specific and federal bankruptcy exemptions and case law to determine the impact on farms in the U.S. Additionally, to provide an understanding for states on how to modify existing exemptions through a model exemption law for agriculture.To develop an online financial management curriculum designed for small and medium sized farming operations in extreme economic hardship that takes into consideration the relationship between personal and farm finances.To provide a train-the-trainer workshop on implementation of the financial education curriculum for use by Cooperative Extension and agribusiness service providers
Project Methods
Create bankruptcy case level database for research of farms in financial stress.Compare business structures from case studies to develop an understanding of differing legal strategies and the connection between personal and business finances.Use statsitical analysis to analyze bankruptcy debt composition.Develop regression models of bankruptcy outcomes and their determinants.Create financial management curriculum for struggling farmers.Conduct train-the-trainer workshops for extension and agribusiness personnel on better debt management.Create white papers for policymakers on bankruptcy exemption laws and their impact.

Progress 10/01/23 to 09/30/24

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience is agricultural producers, Cooperative Extension agents, and agribusiness professionals who regulary interact with producers, researchers, and policymakers. These individuals are responsible for farm financials or are influential in assisting producers with their farm decisions that affect farm financials. In particular, we focus on those that are experiencing more significant financial distress and methods to sustain farming operations under those conditions. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The next reporting period is essential to the dissemination of findings. We have three research papers in working draft form that will be submitted for publication. Multiple presentationsl are also expected at regional and national conferences. Production will begin on the online financial management course to assist producers in financial distress. At least five extension articles will be published.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Farm operations continue to experience signficant financial distress that affects the livelihood of farmers and local communities. We have continued to expand on the development of a unique dataset of farm bankruptcy cases across ten states in the U.S., including Alabama, Georgia, Maryland, California, Wisconsin, Texas, Kansas, Iowa, Montana, and Vermont. These data are combined with freely available data provided by the Federal Judicial Center for analysis. We have focused on the continued organization and collection of these data during the most recent reporting period. We have also been analyzing these data with descriptive statistics and multinomial logit methods to understand business structure, debt composition, and economic outcomes. Legal case studies have also been identified for discussion. There are currently three research papers in working draft form, five extension artices, and a structured training curriculum has been developed.

Publications


    Progress 10/01/22 to 09/30/23

    Outputs
    Target Audience:The target audience is agricultural producers, Cooperative Extension agents, and agribusiness professionals who regularly interact with producers, researchers, and policymakers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We published a series of four articles in Southern Ag Today that focused on the farmer bankruptcy process and filings over the previous decade. This created increased awareness of the legal options available to farmers experiencing financial distress and available data for research opportunities. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?During the next reporting period we will continue the data collection and organization to add bankruptcy cases in Texas, Kansas, Iowa, Maryland, and Vermont. This allows for greater geographic and farm operation diversity in the data that will be used for analysis. We will continue to build an analysis of the data during the next reporting period to better understand the business structure, debt compensation, and outcomes of the cases. This will directly inform the development of the online financial management curriculum to assist farms in financial distress. Additional work is expected in drafting extension-related publications and working papers on research outcomes.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? There is a critical need to understand farm operations that experience significant financial distress. This condition can cause harm to the livelihood of farmers as well as local communities. The most extreme negative financial outcomes can be observed through the bankruptcy process, which offers opportunities for farmers to restructure their debt through court protection to ultimately sustain the future of the farm. In order to understand these farms, wehave collected data from farm bankruptcy cases in Alabama, Georgia, Maryland, California, and Wisconsin. This is combined with the freely available data provided by the Federal Judicial Center for analysis. During this reporting period, we have focused on the organization and collection of these data. This will immediately provide our research team with an opportunity to analyze a unique set of variables that will provide further guidance into the financial situations of farms in bankruptcy. We also performed descriptive analysis of the Federal Judicial Center data for use in outreach publications.

    Publications

    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Goeringer, Paul, William Secor, and Adam Rabinowitz. Bankruptcy as an Option to Relieve Financial Distress. Southern Ag Today 3(5.3). February 1, 2023.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Goeringer, Paul, William Secor, and Adam Rabinowitz. Chapter 12 Bankruptcy as an Option to Relieve Financial Distress. Southern Ag Today 3(6.3). February 8, 2023.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Secor, William, Adam Rabinowitz, and Paul Goeringer. Financial State of Chapter 12 Bankruptcy Filings. Southern Ag Today 3(7.3). February 15, 2023.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rabinowitz, Adam, Paul Goeringer, and William Secor. Outcomes of Chapter 12 Bankruptcy Filings. Southern Ag Today 3(8.3). February 22, 2023.


    Progress 10/01/21 to 09/30/22

    Outputs
    Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?During the next reporting period, we will continue to collect farm bankruptcy data to assemble our dataset. We will also begin analysis of these data, work on peer review journal articles, and publish extension materials to educate stakeholders on the farm bankruptcy process.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Farmers have been facing significant uncertainty in agriculture as a result of supply chain challenges and increasing input costs. A subset of farms ultimately face extreme negative financial distress that presents a risk to continuing their farming operation. This may include generational family farms that are in need of determining a future direction for the farm. Through this project, we have secured access to farm bankruptcy filings in ten states throughout the United States, representing a diverse set of agricultural production activities and farm financial positions. From these filings, we have started to assemble a unique dataset of farm-level bankruptcy cases.

    Publications