Source: NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY, INC. submitted to NRP
A PROTEOMICS APPROACH TO IDENTIFY NOVEL BIOPESTICIDES IN OOMYCETE SECRETOMES.
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1027826
Grant No.
2022-67013-36137
Cumulative Award Amt.
$98,792.00
Proposal No.
2021-08495
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Aug 1, 2022
Project End Date
Jan 31, 2023
Grant Year
2022
Program Code
[A1112]- Pests and Beneficial Species in Agricultural Production Systems
Recipient Organization
NOVA SOUTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY, INC.
3301 COLLEGE AVE
FORT LAUDERDALE,FL 333147721
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
Pest insects cause significant crop losses and remain a threat to global food security. Current insect control management strategies rely in part on chemical insecticides. However, intensifying drawbacks ranging from the emergence of insecticide resistance among insect populations to the well documented harmful environmental impacts of insecticide applications have stressed the need for novel, effective, and ecofriendly bioinsecticides that can be deployed in agrosystems. This project will investigate the potential of several overlooked microbes as sources of novel insecticidal compounds. These microbes are already known for their ability to infect and kill insects, but the compounds responsible for observed insecticidal properties remain uncharacterized. By combining modern, large scale molecule identification techniques (proteomics) with a unique microbial culture approach developed in our laboratory, we propose to dramatically advance our understanding of the molecular arsenals used by these microbes to harm insects, and enable the discovery of new bioactive proteins with potential as bio-insecticides. Ultimately, this work will provide the biotechnology community with the knowledge necessary to create novel biocontrol tools that may combine with current pest insect management strategies in a way that increases the sustainability and competitiveness of U.S. agriculture.
Animal Health Component
80%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
20%
Applied
80%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2154099104060%
2153110110340%
Goals / Objectives
The main goal of this proposal is to drastically develop the proteomics expertise in the PD laboratory by furthering both didactic and experiential trainings associated with these technologies. A mini sabbatical leave (5 months; August-December 2022) will allow PD Tartar to momentarily step away from his teaching responsibilities at a Minority-Serving Institution (Nova Southeastern University; NSU) and concentrate on two supporting objectives that are consistent with a comprehensive proteomics training.For objective #1, PD Tartar will travel to attend at least one proteomics workshop and complement this training with the consumption of proteomics virtual courses developed during the pandemic.For objective #2, PD Tartar will apply these new trainings to engage more closely with Proteomics Core Facilities during protein sample preparations, and subsequent bioinformatics analyses. The mini-sabbatical time will be used to refine and validate a recently developed workflow that aimed to identify pathogenicity factors from entomopathogenic oomycetes, and test the hypothesis that a thorough characterization of oomycete secreted proteomes (based on shotgun mass spectrometry using LC-MS/MS) will enable the discovery of new bioactive proteins with potential as bio-insecticides.Ultimately, this work will integrate within the PD Tartar's long-term goals, which remain focused on providing the biotechnology community with a comprehensive characterization of the molecular basis of insect/microbe interactions, and the fundamental knowledge necessary to create novel biocontrol tools that may combine with current pest insect management strategies in a way that minimizes farmer inputs and improves sustainability.
Project Methods
The general and anticipated workflow used during the project include the following methods:Oomycete culture conditions: Current set-ups combine L. giganteum with the heterologous host Galleria mellonella, and were inspired by our work demonstrating the presence of Lagenidium spp. in small volumes of plant-based water samples. Oomycete inoculum are placed in a small (<4mL) volume of minimal media, where whole insects are the only source of protein available for microbial growth (minimal media contained glucose supplemented with 2mM CaCl2, 2mM MgCl2 and 1ml/L soybean oil). Microbial growth generally occur within a week in this system.Protein extraction: Aliquots of culture media are sampled at several times post inoculation (during microbial growth) and processed for protein concentration using the Pierce Protein Concentrator (PES, 3K MWCO), Initial proteomics analyses consist of protein separation and visualization through classic SDS-PAGE minigels, then transition to protein identification(s) using tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Protein extraction protocol will be based on recommendations from CMSP experts and will include trials more strongly biased toward high molecular weight (HMW) molecules. This will be performed by using concentrator columns and gels of different properties (available commercially). Duplicates samples will be sent to two different core facilities (UMN and UF) in an effort to experience different outputs from different protocols/machines/softwares, broaden our proteomics expertise, and test the reproducibility of the generated data.Bioinformatics analysis: Computer-based homology analysis have used the Phytophthora sojae proteome as a reference database. The program Scaffold (version 4.8.9, Proteome Software Inc., Portland, OR) is used to validate MS/MS based peptide and protein identifications. Protein identifications are accepted if they could be established at greater than 95.0% probability and contained at least 5 identified peptides. Additional analysis will require the training proposed as part of the project proposal. One of our immediate needs is to acquire the bioinformatics knowledge to manipulate the MS-MS raw data file and use it to search additional databases (reference proteomes, such as other oomycetes, but also insect proteomes, in an effort to ensure that none of the detected, unknown proteins originate from the insect present in the media). Accordingly, the main effort includes attendance at the CMSP proteomics workshop.Evaluation of the project and measures of success of these proposed methods will be centered on PD Tartar's ability to generate high quality proteomics datasets that will be approved and publicly available in peer-reviewed databases.

Progress 08/01/22 to 01/31/23

Outputs
Target Audience:There are two major target audiences that will ultimately benefit from the project. First, the oomycete research community (more specifically collaborators from the Oomycete Molecular Genetics Network- OMGN) will have access to newly generated data corresponding to the first proteomics analyses of an oomycete not known as a plant pathogen. Second, increase in the PD Tartar's proteomics expertise will have a direct impact of the quality of education received by the student population at NSU, which includes a significant proportion of students belonging to ethnic groups traditionally underrepresented in the US academic research structure (NSU is a minority serving institution) Changes/Problems:There were no major changes or problems. The only unforeseen difference between what was accomplished and what was proposed was the timeline during the November period:shipping of samples from Florida to Minnesota was postponed until after Thanksgiving to avoid any delays related to Holiday closures, in agreement with thesuggestions from the core facilities at UMN. However, this also created further delays associated with the Mass Spectrometry machine availability, since the UMN proteomics core facilitiyreceived many samples from many different labs immediately after the Thanksgiving weekend. Overall these delays did not impact the ability of PD Tartar to complete the project and meet the proposed objectives. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training and professional development were at the core of the project since PD Tartar was able to acquire hands-on training and become proficient at using new technologies (proteomics). Proteomics is now feasible in PD Tartar's laboratoryand part of the lab long-term objectives is to transfer that knowledge to graduate students and other lab members (including students who belong to underrepresented ethnic groups in STEM, since PD Tartar's laboratory is at a Minority-Serving Institution) in order to provide the next generation of scientists with skills and knowledge that are relevant forthe current job market in biological sciences. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?As noted above, the short duration of the project was not compatible with the peer-review process. However,PD Tartar aims to generate two deliverables once a thorough analysis of the data is complete. First,the proteomics MS data will be deposited in appropriate public databases (The ProteomeXchange Consortium). Second, the data analysis will be the subject of a manuscript to be submitted for peer-reviewed publication and dissemination later in 2023. These potential products do not appear yet in this final report but will acknowledge the support from NIFA. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The main goals were met during the project period. As proposed, PD Tartar was released from his teaching responsibilities at Nova Southeastern University during the Fall 2022 semester (August-December 2022), and was able to use the time to accomplish the proposed objectives: First, PD Tartar did travel to the University of Minnesota (UMN) and attended the proteomics workshop offered by the UMN Center for Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics (CMSP). The workshop occurred in August 2022 (August 16-18) and established a strong basis for PD Tartar's training in proteomics, both in terms of protein sample preparation and bioinformatics analyses. As proposed, the hands-on, in-person workshop was also complemented by additional consumption on virtual learning materials after August 2022. Second, PD Tartar was able to use the knowledge acquired during the workshop to refine his laboratory workflow, as proposed and described in the proposal. Guided by conversations with the CMSP experts that PD Tartar met during the UMN workshop, new samples were prepared in the PD laboratory from September to October 2022. Triplicatesamples corresponding to proteincomplements expressed during oomycete-insect interactions were generated and ultimately assessed for QC in early November 2022. After re-engaging with CMPS experts, these samples were shipped to UMN after the Thanksgiving break in November 2022, and Mass Spectrometry data was acquired on December 13, 2022 (some delays were created by machine availability). Since then, PD Tartar has maintained collaborative conversations with staff at UMN CMSP and initiated the bioinformatics analyses, as proposed. Overall, data analysis identified 285 proteins, with a minor rate of contaminant (5%). Analyses demonstrated that 100 proteins could be associated with the oomycete (Lagenidium giganteum) secretome, while the remainder corresponded to insect (Galleria mellonella) proteins released in the media. Mining for potential bioactive compounds through bioinformatics analyses (consistent with PD Tartar's long-term objectives) is currently underway. Overall, the main objectives were met during the short project period (6 month). Although there is currently no product associated with the award, PD Tartar aims to generate two deliverables once a thorough analysis of the data is complete. First,the proteomics MS data will be deposited in appropriate public databases (The ProteomeXchange Consortium). Second, the data analysis will be the subject of a manuscript to be submitted for peer-reviewed publication and dissemination later in 2023. These potential products do not appear yet in this final report but will acknowledge the support from NIFA.

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