Source: HMONG AMERICAN FARMERS ASSOCIATION submitted to NRP
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR BEGINNING HMONG IMMIGRANT FARMERS IN FIVE STATES.
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
ACTIVE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1027728
Grant No.
2021-49400-35640
Cumulative Award Amt.
$600,000.00
Proposal No.
2021-06639
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2021
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2025
Grant Year
2021
Program Code
[BFRDA]- Beginning Farmer and Rancher Development Program, Standard
Recipient Organization
HMONG AMERICAN FARMERS ASSOCIATION
941 LAFOND AVE WEST STE 100
SAINT PAUL,MN 55104
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
HAFA is, at its core, a social justice organization, started by and are led by members of the immigrant community. We use an intensive organizing approach to work with our members and other farmers in the community to access land, equipment, capital, research and training so that the farmers can improve their farming operations, and thereby, lift themselves and their families out of poverty. There are other beginning farmer training programs that currently exist in MN as well as other states, but none of them have the linguistic and cultural competency, comprehension or capacity of HAFA's. Indeed, one of the core reasons for expanding our programs beyond MN in this grant is that we are constantly getting requests from Hmong farmers outside our area who are seeking farmer training that is appropriate to our culture. Other organizations may hire a single immigrant staff member for the duration of a grant cycle, but HAFA has full time staff members who are bi-lingual, bi-cultural and experienced in farming. Other programs may organize conferences and offer 45 minute training sessions that draw a large number of attendees, but after the conferences, those organizations do not have the resources or programs to deepen or expand the learning. HAFA has the experience and direct connections to long term farmland access, value-added production and marketing opportunities, as well as relationships with educational and financial entities offering expertise, microloans and other financial resources that immigrant farmers can use. Moreover, none of the other programs follow a cohort of farmers and their families literally for years the way HAFA does, both inside the classrooms and on the fields, to make sure that their training programs have the desired result of ultimately benefiting low income, immigrant farmers.HAFA's training programs are unique compared to others in a number of distinct ways:HAFA's beginning farmer training programs was conceptualized and refined over a six year period by Hmong trainers with a strong emphasis on traditional Hmong farming practices integrated with contemporary agricultural methodology. The end result was a curriculum that now includes, per module, a power point, a train the trainer guide, a list of Hmong words and phrases associated with the topic, a series of worksheets to apply the knowledge and short quiz to evaluate the learning;HAFA is membership-based, thus we have a long-term relationship with our constituents and provide them with year round, active, post-training support with in-field demonstration and technical assistance to address their concerns;Lastly, our training curriculum has a strong focus on forming cooperatives to give small farmers more tools and opportunities to be successful through collaborative action.In HAFA's training approach, we begin with an assessment of what immigrant farmers already know, and build on that knowledge. The learning is interactive, culturally presented and uses relevant case studies. Focusing on interactions and one-to-one tutorials we believe yields a much higher rate of participation from minority farmers, a much higher rate of completion from those who do participate in the trainings, as well as a much higher rate of overall success as measured by the increase in farm income and family wealth for training graduates over the long term.The long term goal of this project is to help younger and beginning Hmong farmers to start farming and stay farming in a sustainable manner. This can be achieved by increasing immigrant and second generation farmers' ability to make a successful living from farming while respecting traditional methods of learning and cultural practices. By working simultaneously on building financially viable farming operations while also connecting to multi-cultural Hmong immigrant farming communities, the long term goal of Hmong farmers starting and staying in farming can be achieved. Our plan is to train 480 farmers per year, and increase farm income by 15-20%.
Animal Health Component
33%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
33%
Applied
33%
Developmental
34%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
10214993100100%
Goals / Objectives
HAFA was created in 2011 to give Hmong farmers in MN a collective and critical voice in conversations around agriculture, food supply chains and wealth creation. The mission of the organization is to advance the economic, social and cultural prosperity of these farmers and their children and grandchildren by focusing on increasing access to land, new markets (to augment farmers markets), capital, credit, research and trainings. Unlike other organizations that may work with Hmongfarmers only once or twice a year at conference workshops, HAFA works year round and has multiple interactions with its committed membership of Hmong farmers. HAFA is the only organization is MN (and the only one we know of in the country) that was founded by and is led by Hmong Americans solely for the purpose of advancing Hmong farmers and their families.Inspired by HAFA, older, non-English speaking Hmong farmers and their partner organizations in several other states have contacted HAFA staff, interested to learn how they could develop a similar training program for themselves. At the same time, young members of the Hmong community whose families chose to not pursue farming upon immigrating to American, are also now wanting to better understand the strong pull of farming in Hmong culture, and explore agriculture as a career. In order to help new (mostly younger Hmong farmers) and beginning (mostly older, non-English speaking) Hmong farmers start farming and stay farming, this proposal plans to simultaneously execute seven training programs annually over the duration of the grant period:First, we will continue to host a comprehensive, year round training program for Hmong farmers in and around the Twin Cities, comprising of nine modules with workshop topics ranging from whole farm planning to maintain farm equipment and tractors. These workshops will be led by our partners from three government and quasi-government entities, including experts from the Minnesota Department of Agriculture, the University of MN Extension, and the MN State College and Universities Ridgewater College, as well as two nonprofits with long histories working with immigrant farmers including the Sustainable Farming Association and Organic Farming Works. The workshops will be conducted in the winter and then coupled in the summer with in-the-field tutorials and on-the-farm demonstration projects led by HAFA staff.Second, we seek to develop a new training program aimed at Hmong youth. This will cover many of the same topics as our core planning curriculum, but with the added element of linking farm practices to traditional Hmong culture. What is second nature to elders in the Hmong community is not self-evident to Hmong youth who have not had the opportunity to be raised in a farming tradition. Our specialized curriculum will make these connections in a bi-lingual and bi-cultural manner, introducing a new generation of Hmong Americans to farming. The youth training program will include six distinct training modules, some with classroom hours, and many taking advantage of the real life learning opportunities available during the summer growing season at the HAFA incubator and research farm located adjacent to the Twin Cities.Finally, we will respond to the many requests we have had from potential partner organization across the country and schedule one annual training event each year in five new communities where we have not previously offered our core curriculum of agricultural training. These new training sites are in rural southwestern Minnesota (Walnut Grove) as well as sites in WI, OR and WA. We will offer one element of our core curriculum in each site, in each of the three years: Whole farm planning in year 1; business planning in year 2 and soil health and fertility in year 3, for a total of five additional trainings per year.
Project Methods
HAFA's approach is very intensive and hands-on, based upon a strategy of limited classroom instruction combined with extensive technical assistance and in-the-field training and one-on-one farm management coaching. Our strategy is not simply to adapt others' curricula, but rather creates a holistic approach that is tailored to the situation of our farmers. Since Hmong immigrants farm in family groups, for example, HAFA's training is targeted at the whole family, with elders and young adult children enrolling together in the same class. Because Hmong elders typically have little interaction with the dominant financial system, HAFA training also includes discussion of such issues as credit scores and personal financial statements. Agricultural instruction is combined with business training so farmers start to think of issues such as margin control, and the differing markets for various products. HAFA's training programs also use a cohort model, where the same group of farmers receive training at the same time over a period of years, and in this way build fruitful relationships with each other, as well as with the instructors.HAFA training workshops will include individuals and expert from our partner organizationsfrom the Minnesota Department of Agriculture, the University of MN Extension, and Ridgewater College; as well as Sustainable Farming Association and Organic Farming Works, supplemented by HAFA staff who are bilingual.Soil health and fertility: reviewing how to collect soil samples, read a soil sample report and how to crop map so that one can conduct a judicious cycle of crop rotation.Whole farm planning: this training includes exercises around planning short term and long term goals and thinking about one day accessing land by buying or inheriting;Tractor and farm equipment: this module will explore what to look for when purchasing such items and where, and then how to maintain them for the longest use.Farm business management: an intense exercise on how to create a budget and conduct a breakeven analysis. Farmers learn to calculate the true cost of a product in order to price correctly and not lose money. Reading farm financial statements is also covered.Pests and disease management: Pest identification, cover crops as well as land and water management to minimize disease will also be covered in this module.Post-harvest handling: This module will focus on best practices to washing, rinsing, packaging and storing produce to extend the shelf life, ensuring a high quality crop.Perennials production: this module will cover a variety of perennial crop and best practices to growing and managing each variety, as well as marketability. Crop varieties that will be focus on are: strawberry, raspberry and asparagusEach training workshop, whether conducted formally during in a classroom setting and in an in-field demonstration, which will include a set of pre and post survey to access farmer's increase in knowledge, compile with tranining materials to reference. Every step of the way, farmers will also be assisted by staff during one to one meetign and office hours to supportwith planning and in-field implementation.

Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23

Outputs
Target Audience:Hmong farmers are vital to the local food system, yet lack eqtuiable access tonecessary resources to increase their capacity and grow sustainable farming operation. The focus of this project is to increase access to resources through bi-lingual and bi-cultural trainingthat will enhance and increase Hmong farmers capacity in various elements of creating viable farming pratices and operation. Changes/Problems:As the COVID pandemiccontinues to linger and considering that Hmong American in Minnesota,the largest Asian American Native Hawaiann and Pacific Island subgroup, is the communitymost impacted, we continue to limit in-person activities and training. Moreover, in communication with partner organization in other states, access to technology continue to be a challenge and while it was proposed to gather Hmong farmers into a space to deliver the training, trainings were post-poned to avoid perpetuating the conditions seen in Minnesota.Even though the trainings did not occur, resources was shared and distribute among partner organization and farmers. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In preparation for each of the training provided for Hmongfarmers, staffs and trainers would enter into a mini train the trainer sessions to increase staffs understanding of the various practices, technical terms and be able to synthesize the materials to deliver an effective and informativetraining session. Furthermore, as a continuation of the in-classroom training, staff would be able to provide technical support duringthe growing season and host in-field session to illustrate best practices. While these practices are instilled to increase knowelge in classroom and in the field, a robust8 weeks Farm Business Management Train the Trainer session was conducted with Farm Business ManagementInstructor from Ridgewater College to increase staffs understand of financial management and supported staffs with carrying out one to one meetings and generate individualFarm Business Plan in support of obtaining farm asset loan. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?For each of the training session, the outreach tactics consist of the following community organizing practices: 1- flyers are generated and mailed out 2- calls are conducted 3- social media post What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the next reporting period, it is anticiapted to introduceclimate smart practice trainingsession to ensure farmer are well prepared for theobstacles given the drougth condition encountered. Moreover, we hope tofully resume in person training and be able to support other Hmongfarmers in other states, as COVID and access totechnology was the challenging factor and limited the ability to conductsynchronous training.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? During the project period, we successfully conduct 11 training session that includedsynchronous training and inperson demonstration session on the farm, to allow social distancing practices to be enforced. As a result of the specialize training, 10 Hmong farmers purchased over 10,000 crowns of day-nuetral and perennial strawberries;40 acres of cover crops (Oats, Tillage Radish, Winter Peas, Rye) was incorporated through various practices, including inter-seeding cover crops into their cash crops, rotation of cover crops based on planting agenda (spring, summer and fall planting) and establishing living mulch; and applied climate smart practices (drip irrigation) to mitigate drought conditions.

Publications


    Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22

    Outputs
    Target Audience:The target audienceare socially disadvantage Hmong farmers who have been farmingin Minnesota, Washington and Oregon,but to due language barrier and access to resources, are challenge to increase capacity andimprove their farming operation. Changes/Problems:Our greatest challenge is overcoming the pandemic and ensure the health and safety of Hmong farmers, trainers, staffs and community members. As such, HAFA had to be creative in our approach to ensure that we are able to provide the resources necessary to elevate Hmong farmers abilities all the while addressing the current conditon of a global issue, the civial unrest in Minnesota and the anti-asian racism across the nation. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Due to the disruption of the COVID 19 pandemic, we had established a technology bank that allow us to check out computers for each of the farmers in the Twin Cities metropolitan area in Minnesota, conducted a training tutotial to support with navigating technology, set up email and access zoom to carry out the various training provided. As such, HAFA was able toconduct synchronous training to support and build the capacity of farmers in preparation for the upcoming season, which includes the following topic: Whole Farm Planning, Soil Health and Soil Fertility, Ginger production, Online sales, Cover Crop and Crop Rotation, Perennials fruits and Vegetable Production, Disease Prevention and Management, Post-Harvest Handling and Produce Safety Training. Furthermore, to the address the language barrier in Produce Safety Requirement, the Hmong Ameican Farmers Associatioin staff particpated in the PSA Train the Traininer and obtain the knowledge to led the first bi-lingual bi-cultural Hmong PSA Growers Training. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Our hope is that we can overcome the pandemic and alow us to conduct in person activities and session to ensure clear and meaningful dialogue to fully engage and build Hmongfarmers capacity. A challenge in this period is that other partners and Hmong farmers in other states beside Minnesota, did not have access to technology to carry out synchronous training and limited the effort to inform and provide the resources HAFA has created. We anticipate that our trainings and relationship can be expanded to Hmong farmers in Wisconsin, Oregon, North Carolina and Washington.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Hmong farmers in Minnesota and across the US are critical to the local food system, yet lack access to resources to increase their capacity and building sustainable farming operation. As such, the Hmong Ameican Farmers Association in collaboration with partner organization worked toconduct various training sessions to support Hmongfarmers in the development of key farm practices to increase their self-sufficiency and create viable farming business. These practices was intended to be carried out through in-classroom sessions and activities, however, due to the global pandemic, our interaction with Hmong farmers transition to virutal session to accomandate social distancing practices and ensure the health and safety of all farmers. As such, we held 12synchronous training session with 225 Hmong farmers participating. During this period, we successfully supported farmer in the creation of their Whole Farm Plan that identified goals, farm practices, operational needs, market outlets and how they might address their physical and mental well-being in the midst of the pandemic;address market access with the creation of an online marketing webpage to supplement Farm to School contract lossand the scarcity of consumer attending farmer market; soil health and soil fertility best practices that led to over 20 acres of cover crops incorporated and introduction to specialty crops, such as ginger and strawberries. Each session articulated a different aspect and skilset that is critical to Hmong farmers ability to remain vibrant, yet resilence to the conditions. In additoin to the various trainingprovided, the Hmong Amreican Farmers Assocaition along with the University of Minnesota Extension, the Minnesota Department of Agriculture, The Training Institute in Fresno, California, and the University of Missouri, addressed the inequity in the Food Safety Modernization Act Produce Safety Requirement, by conductingthefirst bi-liungual bi-cultural Hmong Produce Safety Alliance (PSA) training for Hmong farmers and certified 51 Hmong farmers in completing their Produce Safety Alliance- Growing Training.

    Publications

    • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Training Topic Date Time "Whole Farm Planning Trainer(s): HAFA Staff Description: Farmer-members will begin to plan for their farm business by learning about the three components of Whole Farm Planning: A. Farm Business Operation B. Land Management + Crop Plan C. Personal Health + Wellness " Wednesday, January 13, 2021 4:30PM-7:30PM "Soil Health and Fertility Trainer(s): Dao Yang + Will Hartnett Description: Farmer-members will learn about best practices in maintaining soil and fertility health. " Wednesday, January 20, 2021 4:30PM-7:30PM "Ginger Production Trainer(s): Melissa Driscoll Description: Farmer-members will learn how to grow ginger from a local ginger grower. " Wednesday, February 3, 2021 4:30PM-7:30PM "Online Sales Trainer(s): HAFA Staff Description: Farmer-members will learn about the value of online sales and some best practices for 2021. " Wednesday, February 10, 2021 4:30PM-7:30PM "Cover Crop and Crop Rotation Trainer(s): Natalie Hoidal Description: Farmer-members will learn about cover crop and crop rotation and it's benefits for their parcels. " Wednesday, February 17, 2021 4:30PM-7:30PM "Perennials Trainer(s): Annie Klodd Description: Farmer-members will get to hear from a community member whose speciality is on growing perennials. " Wednesday, February 24, 2021 4:30PM-7:30PM "Disease Prevention and Insects Trainer(s): Marisa Schuh Description: Farmer-members will learn about disease prevention and some best practices for 2021. " Wednesday, March 3, 2021 4:30PM-7:30PM "Post Harvest Handling Trainer(s): Atina Diffey Description: Farmer-members will learn some best practices on post harvest handling throughout the 2021 growing season. " Wednesday, March 10, 2021 4:30PM-7:30PM "Break Even Analysis Trainer(s): HAFA Staff Description: Farmer-members will learn more about fair pricing and how to prepare for their market sales in 2021. " Wednesday, March 17, 2021 4:30PM-7:30PM "Produce and Safety Training Description: Farmer members will learn about produce safety, the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) Produce Safety Rule, Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs), and co-management of natural resources and food safety." Wednesday, March 31, 2021 1:00PM-5:30PM "Produce and Safety Training Description: Farmer members will learn about produce safety, the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) Produce Safety Rule, Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs), and co-management of natural resources and food safety." Thursday, April 1, 2021 1:00PM-5:30PM "Produce and Safety Training Description: Farmer members will learn about produce safety, the Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) Produce Safety Rule, Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs), and co-management of natural resources and food safety." Friday, April 2, 2021 1:00PM-5:30PM