Progress 01/01/24 to 12/31/24
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences for our efforts during the third reporting period include students and researchers. During this reporting period, students included undergraduate, master's, and doctoral students and recent graduates in the geography department at San Diego State University and undergraduate, professional master's and PhD students at the Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, UCSB. Students included both course participants, who engaged with the newly developed curriculum derived from this research project, and research interns, who participated in the research activities directly. Researchers included scholarly communities of ecologists, human geographers, and remote sensing scholars who were the target audience of our conference and publication output. Additional target audiences were other participants of the State of the Science of Land Repurposing workshop hosted by Environmental Defense Fund, Secure Water Future at UC Merced, and the California Institute for Water Resources. At SDSU participants at the 2024 SDSU Water Day workshop hosted were also part of the target audience. Scientists from The Nature Conservancy, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/University of Maryland, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory/Columbia University, and USGS were also involved. Changes/Problems:The only new problem in this reporting period is regarding the drone-based research led by Co-PD Sousa. Due to cartel activity in the vicinity of Atwell Island and associated safety concerns, SDSU has decided not to continue the drone flights. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? In the reporting period, we trained multiple undergraduate, graduate and post-bac students in intensive research experiences. We trained 5 undergraduate students in Environmental Sciences at SDSU in qualitative research methods including newspaper content analysis and interview analysis. These students each completed a senior thesis under the mentorship of co-PD Quandt and are contributing to a publication. We also trained 1 master's student in qualitative methods, who successfully defended their thesis. We trained 2 SDSU-UCSB Joint Doctoral Program PhD students and 2 undergraduates in remote sensing methods. We trained one PhD student at UCSB in GIS and agricultural/restoration ecology who is contributing to Goal 1. We also trained 1 post-bac,2 professional master's students and 1 undergraduate who are contributing to Goal 2. The postbac successfully published their first research article (Hyon et al. 2025) and is now a current graduate student at SDSU in Statistics and Data Science. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated to academic and practitioner communities through >10 publications and 2 presentations at academic conferences. We also taught numerous courses involving curriculum developed from this project at the undergraduate and graduate level. We discussed results with other stakeholders at regional workshops regarding land repurposing and water management. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the next reporting period, we intend to: Extend the time series of land use histories to better understand the drivers of current revegetation cover, structure and phenology. In such an arid environment, biomass accumulation is slow and we hypothesize periodic, high rainfall events may be highly influential. We managed to extend the time series to the late 1980s this reporting period, but have recently found data to extend the time series to the late 1950s. Unfortunately, the data are not yet digitized and orthorectified. We are working with two professional master's students in the Master's in Environmental Data Science. This extended time series will dramatically improve our understanding of vegetation recovery following land retirement. Work with SDSU-UCSB joint PhD student to expand our analysis of the qualitative interviews. This work will focus on stakeholder perspectives regarding the impacts of land restoration on nearby agricultural production in California's San Joaquin Valley. Understanding how to maximize the ecosystem service benefits from revegetated land and minimize any harms for agricultural land and crop health is critical for successful restoration efforts. This work will include a reanalysis of our 23 qualitative stakeholder interviews, focused on two interview questions that were not included in previous publications. These questions include 1) how agricultural production is impacted by the retirement of adjacent land, and 2) how producers might feel about farming next to land at different stages of restoration. Work with SDSU-UCSB joint PhD student to finalize publication of multi-year revegetation analysis at Atwell Island, with comparison to nearby target ecological site of Semitropic Ecological Reserve. Complete processing of new UAV data collection and comparative analysis to crewed LiDAR to complete parcel-level mapping of shrub cover for sites with various revegetation treatments.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We made progress on all of our objectives this past year. For example, using the peak of the the 2011-2015 drought as a case study, we investigated how different spatially optimal patterns of retired fields impact biodiversity and water savings, as well as farmworker impacts through foregone employment. We found that strategically retiring fields could improve on all margins, relative to the actual pattern of idle lands in 2015. However, the goals (water savings vs water savings and biodiversity targets etc) had a very large impact, suggesting that policy direction will be crucially important to the realized impacts of widespread retirement under the implementation of the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (Hyon et al. 2025; Goals 2,3). With regard to Goal 4, we analyzed farmer interviews and combined the interviews with a newspaper analysis to understand sentiment regarding SGMA implementation and land repurposing. This analysis was led by a SDSU master's student and is currently under review. With regard to Goal 1-2, we have conducted monthly drone flights throughout the spring growing season and are analyzing Structure from Motion (SfM) imagery over the Atwell Island Restoration Project to map shrub cover, compare to crewed airborne LiDAR, and understand how long term fallowing impacts plant health in surrounding active fields. This analysis is being conducted by a joint SDSU-UCSB doctoral student. Additionally, with regard to goal 1, we have obtained historical land cover maps for Kern County going back to 1958 and are in the process of digitizing them, with the involvement of master's students at UCSB. We have developed a time series of retired fields extending to the late 1980s using a combination of data sources (Farmland Mapping & Monitoring Program, CDWR data, Kern Agricultural Commissioner's data) and have previously analyzed how retirement and revegetation since 2000 impacts pesticide use on surrounding active fields (Larsen et al. 2023). However, extending the time series to the 1950s will enable a much richer understanding of recovery post retirement. With regards to objective 4, we continued to work with stakeholders and others to develop two research papers that are currently under review. One focused on the farmer interviews that were conducted in 2023 and the other is a newspaper analysis to understand stakeholder perspectives of extreme precipitation and managed aquifer recharge as a potential solution. Lastly, methods and data generated by our project contributed to a rich series of publications on remote sensing methods and applications, as well as publications on the sustainability of crop technologies (GM, pesticides) and practices(organic), for which we acknowledge our NIFA support.
Publications
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2025
Citation:
Hyon, D., Quandt, A., Sousa, D., Larsen, AE. 2025. Doing more with less: Strategic agricultural land retirement during drought improves environmental and social outcomes. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 380, 109386. doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2024.109386.
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Noack, F., et al. 2024. Environmental impacts of genetically modified crops. Science 385, 6712.DOI: 10.1126/science.ado9340.
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Larsen, A.E., Noack, F., Powers, L.C. 2024. Spillover effects of organic agriculture on pesticide use on nearby fields. Science 383, 6689. DOI: 10.1126/science.adf2572.
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Okamura, K. and A. Quandt. 2024. Groundwater sustainability planning in California: Recommendations for strengthening the Kern Groundwater Sustainability Plan. Water 16: 2422. Doi: 10.3390/w16172442
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
M. Honey, T. Biggs, and D. Sousa. Woody vegetation cover on cleared areas in the Amazon Basin: Temporal mixture mapping suggests a revised conceptual model of deforestation. Regional Environmental Change. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-024-02337-x.
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
K. Miner, L. Baskaran, B. Gay, D. Sousa, and C. Miller. Frozen no more: Permafrost impacts of oil and gas withdrawal above the Arctic Circle. Scientific Reports. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-76292-2.
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
C. Small and D. Sousa. The Standardized Spectroscopic Mixture Model. Remote Sensing. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16203768.
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
J. Rogers, K. Robertson, T. Hawbacker, and D. Sousa. Classifying Plant Communities in the North American Coastal Plain with PRISMA Spaceborne Hyperspectral Imagery and the Spectral Mixture Residual. Journal of Geophysical Research Biogeosciences. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JG008217.
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
C. Ross, D. Stow, D. Sousa, M. Jennings, A. Nara, and P. Riggan. Machine learning approach to burned area mapping for southern California. International Journal of Remote Sensing. https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2024.2380543.
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
C. Small and D. Sousa. Spectroscopic Phenological Characterization of Mangrove Communities. Remote Sensing. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152796.
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
C. Small and D. Sousa. Robust Cloud Suppression and Anomaly Detection in Time-lapse Thermography. Remote Sensing. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16020255.
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
M. Mattson, T. Biggs, and D. Sousa. Mapping Multi-Decadal Wetland Loss: Comparative Analysis of Linear and Nonlinear Spatiotemporal Characterization. Remote Sensing of Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2023.113969.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Larsen, A.E, Quandt, A., Sousa, D. 2024. Integrating Multidisciplinary Approaches to Understand Ecosystem Services in Changing Agricultural Landscapes . A Community on Ecosystem Services, Dec 9-12, 2024. Austin, Tx.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Bartel, G. 2024. Identifying producer perspectives on repurposed land strategies in Kern County, California. Toward Sustainable Groundwater in Agriculture, 3rd International Conference Linking Science & Policy, June 17-20, 2024. San Francisco, CA.
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Progress 01/01/23 to 12/31/23
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences for our efforts during the second reporting period include students, agricultural stakeholders in Kern County, CA, and researchers. During this reporting period, students included primarily undergraduate and master's students in the geography department at San Diego State University and professional master's and PhD students at the Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, UCSB. This period, agricultural stakeholders were primarily farmers who participated in producer interviews. Academic communities of ecologists, human geographers and remote sensing scholars were additional targets of this research period. This period, we also made research connections with scientists at UCLA and NASA JPL, who are planning to use some of our study sites for calibration and validation efforts for new hyperspectral satellite imagery from the EMIT sensor. Changes/Problems:There are no changes or problems to report in this period. However, the new UAW agreement at UCSB will limit the extent of PhD student time on this grant in the coming review periods. UCSB is working on some level of bridge funding and PIs are fundraising extensively so students continue to have reliable funding, but it will affect personnel levels and productivity going forward. We still believe we can achieve the objectives of the grant, but secondary publications or interesting side projects will be more limited than initially envisioned. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In the reporting period, we trained multiple undergraduate and graduate students in intensive research experiences. We trained one undergraduate researcher and one master's student in qualitative methods-conducting interviews, analyzing interviews using Nvivo, and the publishing process. We are also currently training 5 undergraduate students in Environmental Sciences at SDSU in qualitative research methods such as newspaper content analysis and interview analysis. These students will each complete a senior thesis under the mentorship of co-PD Quandt, which we will report on in the next period and which will lead to one collaborative co-authored publication. At SDSU, in this reporting period we trained 2 undergraduate students and 2 graduate students in multispectral and hyperspectral remote sensing methodology. This included the use of open-source Python packages for image geolocation and orthorectification; computing spectral indices and designing spectral mixture models in ENVI; evaluating time series of fractional cover and interpreting spatiotemporal patterns; and producing map products in ArcGIS Pro. We also trained one PhD student at UCSB, funded by a graduate fellowship and one professional master's student in quantitative research methods and the publishing process. We have recruited a PhD student at UCSB who will be advancing Goal 1. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated to academic and practitioner communities through 6 publications and 2 presentations at academic conferences. Publications have been shared with relevant and interested stakeholders for broader dissemination. For example, our publication in Regional Environmental Change based on the 2022 stakeholder interviews was sent back to the very stakeholders that participated in the interviews. We have also been in communication with the UCCE office about our ongoing work and results. Stakeholders have been engaged through individual interviews with PDs and students during visits to Kern County. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the next reporting period, we intend to: Continue analyzing how different scenarios of fallowing and land retirement impact biodiversity (e.g. species connectivity) and water savings (goal 3). To root this analysis in realistic conditions, we have chosen to use the extent of fallowing at the height of a recent drought (2015) to develop a budget constraint based on what crop types were actually fallowed. We are now evaluating how alternative configurations of fallowing can reduce water use and improve habitat and connectivity within the 2015 "budget" of fallowed lands, and calculating labor needs in these different scenarios. We anticipate a publication on this topic in the next period. Analyze farmer and farm manager interviews to understand how farmers are responding to drought and how they perceive SGMA regulations (goal 4). We are also mentoring 5 undergraduate students who are are analyzing newspaper articles in regional outlets to understand sentiment regarding alternative land uses following retirement with a focus on groundwater recharge (goal 4). We anticipate two publications on the qualitative research component in the next period - one focused on SGMA and land repurposing, and the other focusing specifically on groundwater recharge projects and potential. Expand scope of remote sensing efforts to capture revegetation characteristics using multispectral, hyperspectral and airborne LiDAR (goal 1). More specifically, we intend to complete remote sensing imagery analysis of revegetation trajectories on retired lands using primarily the Landsat Image Archive from 2000-2020. We anticipate a publication on this analysis in the next review period. We will also advance analysis of Atwell Island Land Retirement Program, and hope to hire a recently graduated SDSU B.S. student to collect UAV data in the spring. We anticipate a publication on this analysis within the next 18 months. Extend the time series of land use histories. As mentioned above, we are extending the land use histories to better understand the drivers of current revegetation cover, structure and phenology. In such an arid environment, biomass accumulation is slow and we hypothesize periodic, high rainfall events may be highly influential. By extending the time series of planting and fallowing to hopefully the 1960s, we will gain a deeper understanding of how rare, but high rainfall events contribute to the vegetation observed on retired parcels (goal 1).
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
As a team, we are well-coordinated and staying on pace to achieve our project goals. In this second year, we made good progress on all of our objectives. For example, we analyzed how retired parcels impact pesticide use on surrounding active fields (Larsen et al. 2023; Goal 2) and how stakeholders are perceiving and responding to SGMA (Quandt et al. 2023; Goal 4). We also made substantial progress modeling how different retirement and fallowing decisions impacts biodiversity and ecosystem services (Goal 3) and are in the process of analyzing farmer interviews from this past summer (Goal 4). We have further cross-checked our field-level spatial data with multi-source remote sensing imagery, including multitemporal data from Landsat, Sentinel-2, Planet, and Maxar datasets. We are evaluating revegetation cover, phenology and structure based on remote-sensing metrics over the 20y time horizon of fallowing history from Larsen et al. 2023 (Goal 1). Further, Kern County has been intensively cultivated for decades and a longer land use history would be valuable for understanding vegetation succession. As such, we are developing a longer land use history that will hopefully extend back to the 1970s so we can better understand ecological processes governing revegetation (Goal 1). With regard to Goal 2, we have expanded our analysis of vegetation cover to include decade-scale hyperspectral analysis from NASA AVIRIS airborne imaging spectroscopy applied to Atwell Island. Atwell Island Land Retirement Program is a BLM site that underwent different experimental treatments following cultivation. Combining understanding of the different treatments with remote sensing data of current vegetation characteristics will allow deeper understanding of the structure of vegetation cover following retirement. Additionally, given the heavy rain events in this reporting period, we have also expanded the scope our of work to include mapping of standing water (reformation of Tulare Lake and associated flooding) in conjunction with a parallel USDA RAPID grant.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Quandt, A., Larsen, A.E., Bartel, G., Okamura, K., Sousa, D. Sustainable groundwater management and its implications for agricultural land repurposing. Reg Environ Change 23, 120 (2023).https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-023-02114-2.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Larsen, A.E., Quandt, A., Foxfoot, I., Parker, N., Sousa, D. The effect of agricultural land retirement on pesticide use. Sci Tot Environ 896, 165224 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165224
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Sousa, Daniel, and Christopher Small. "Which Vegetation Index? Benchmarking Multispectral Metrics to Hyperspectral Mixture Models in Diverse Cropland." Remote Sensing 15.4 (2023): 971. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15040971
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Galvan, F. E. R., Pavlick, R., Trolley, G., Aggarwal, S., Sousa, D., Starr, C., ... & Gold, K. M. (2023). Scalable Early Detection of Grapevine Viral Infection with Airborne Imaging Spectroscopy. Phytopathology�, 113(8), 1439-1446. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-01-23-0030-R
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Sousa, D., & Small, C. (2023). Topological Generality and Spectral Dimensionality in the Earth Mineral Dust Source Investigation (EMIT) Using Joint Characterization and the Spectral Mixture Residual. Remote Sensing, 15(9), 2295. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15092295
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Larsen, A.E., Noack, F., Powers, C. Organic agriculture drives pesticide use on surrounding fields. Ecological Society of American 2023 Annual Meeting. Oral presentation COS 93-5.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Rogers, Jennifer A., et al. "Application of the Spectral Mixture Residual for Classifying Plant Communities in the Southeastern USA." Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Optica Publishing Group, 2023.
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Progress 01/01/22 to 12/31/22
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences for our efforts during this first reporting period include students, agricultural stakeholders in Kern County, CA, and researchers. During this reporting period, students include primarily undergraduate and master's students in the geography department at San Diego State University. Agricultural stakeholders who participated in interviews included representatives from irrigation districts, the farm bureau, UC Cooperative Extension, Environmental Defense Fund, among many others. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In the reporting period, we have trained one undergraduate researcher in qualitative research methods including conducting interviews, and analyzing interview text using Nvivo software. Co-Is Sousa and Quandt also successfully recruited two graduate students to SDSU who started in Fall 2022. They are getting trained in remote sensing and qualitative research methods in agriculture, respectively. Quandt's graduate student has worked during Fall 2022 semester to code the qualitative interview data using Nvivo software. Sousa's graduate student, who is funded through the US Air Force, intends to complete part of his dissertation related to this research project. Sousa also interviewed (in-person) 2 strong prospective MS students for the remote sensing components, including submission of 1 NSF GRFP. We have met as a team bi-weekly since the beginning of the reporting period. These bi-weekly meetings include students, and often include students providing short descriptions of their accomplishments and challenges. This provides a multi-disciplinary venue where students can receive input and learn from each other and all of the PIs. We look forward to student-led presentations and publications in future review periods. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated to academic and practitioner communities through multiple presentations or posters at academic conferences. Stakeholders have been engaged through individual interviews, and through in-person meetings with the PIs during field visits to Kern County. Thus these communities know about our work and we will continue to share results with them as we continue on the project. Students have been engaged through research opportunities and curricula development. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the next reporting period, we intend to advance overall project goals #1,2 and 4. With respect to goals #1-2, we will refine our methods of identifying land retirement. This will include incorporation of newly-collected best-in-class AVIRIS-ng airborne imaging spectroscopy data, collected for this project at no cost to the grant by NASA/Jet Propulsion Lab through Sousa's service position as faculty mentor for the NASA Student Airborne Research Program. Incorporation of this data with existing multispectral image time series will feature prominently in the next reporting period. In parallel with refining measures of land retirement, we will identify data sources to measure key abiotic (e.g. soil quality, precipitation) and social (e.g. irrigation source) determinants of retirement and revegetation. We will refine methods of measuring foregone pesticide use and the impacts of surrounding retirement on active fields. We hope to have an initial publication on this analysis during the next reporting period. With respect to goal #4, we will submit one paper for publication based on the stakeholder interviews that occurred during Summer 2022 and that will include student co-authors. During Spring and Summer 2023 we plan to interview land owners, growers, and farm managers to gain their perspectives on SGMA and the impacts of land repurposing/fallowing on agricultural production. One graduate student will lead these efforts in contacting interviewees and lead the interview process. Interviews will likely be done both in person and over zoom and we aim for at least 10 interviews.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
During the first year of the grant, we have made strong progress towards our goals. As proposed in our timeline, the first year of the project was primarily focused on (A) identifying retired lands through a combination of field-level spatial data and remote sensing, (B) beginning to characterize revegetation on retired parcels and how retired parcels impact surrounding active fields, (C) interviewing key informants, and (D) engaging with stakeholders. With respect to our timeline and goals, we have either met or exceeded our proposed work. For example, we proposed to interview 20 key informants (subgoal C). In response to reviewer concerns and stakeholder interest, we interviewed a total of 23 stakeholders, with a second round of interviews to happen in Summer 2023. These individuals represented stakeholders from organizations such as irrigation districts, the farm bureau, UC Cooperative Extension, Environmental Defense Fund, among many others. Co-I Quandt, who led these interviews, concurrently trained a SDSU undergraduate researcher in qualitative methods in agricultural systems. With regard to subgoal (D), we conducted two field visits to Kern County to meet with key stakeholders. One visit included all 3 PIs. Together, these activities represent major advances towards overall project goal #4, "engage agricultural producers in understanding the impacts of surrounding retirement, and co-develop management recommendations to maximize the benefits of surrounding agricultural retirement". With regard to subgoal (A), we have preliminarily identified retired parcels from 1997-2020 in Kern County. We are proceeding to confirm and cross-check our field-level spatial data with remote sensing imagery. With regard to subgoal (B), we are developing the methods and analyses to extract vegetation cover for each of the retired parcels. We have successfully extracted some vegetation indices from remote sensing imagery for 2005-2020. We have also developed the preliminary methods and analyses to assess foregone pesticide use based on the last crop prior to retirement, and how surrounding retirement impacts pesticide use on active fields. These two subgoals represent major advances towards the first two overall project goals of "(1) characterize revegetation patterns and succession on retired fields, (2) identify how retired fields and revegetation patterns impact plant health and ecosystem service provision to surrounding farmers."
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
D. Sousa, A.Larsen, A.Quandt. Revegetation of retired croplands in Kern County, CA: Observations from satellite and airborne remote sensing, 1982-Present. American Association of Geographers (AAG) 2022 Annual Meeting. Abstract Code: 12926. (oral presentation).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
A. Larsen, D. Sousa, A. Quandt. Impact of nearby fallowing on pesticide use. A Community on Ecosystem Services (ACES) 2022 .(poster).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
A.Quandt, D. Sousa, A. Larsen. Land Repurposing in the Southern Central Valley, California: Stakeholder Perspectives and Recommendations. A Community on Ecosystem Services (ACES) 2022. (oral presentation).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
D. Sousa, A.Larsen, A.Quandt. Joint Characterization of Revegetation Trajectories in Retired Croplands, Kern County, CA. American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) 2022. (poster).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
D. Sousa and C. Small. Common Multispectral Vegetation Indices in a Diverse Agricultural Mosaic: Comparison to Spectral Mixture Analysis of 5 nm Imaging Spectroscopy. Journal of Environmental Management. Submitted (8/25/2022).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
F. Romero Galvan, R. Pavlick, G. Trolley, S. Aggarwal, D. Sousa, C. Starr, E. Forrestel, S. Bolton, M. del Mar Alsina, N. Dokoozlian, and K. Gold. Scalable early detection of grapevine virus infection with airborne imaging spectroscopy. International Journal of Remote Sensing. Submitted 10/13/22.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
C. Galaz-Garc�a, K. Bagstad, J. Brun, R. Chaplin-Kramer, T. Dhu, N. Murray, C. Nolan, T. Ricketts, H. Sosik, D. Sousa, G. Willard, B. Halpern. The future of ecosystem assessments is automation, collaboration, and artificial intelligence. Environmental Research Letters. Submitted (9/15/2022).
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