Source: Ridge Quest Inc. submitted to NRP
TANGLER OFM, ADVANCED MATING DISRUPTION THAT PROVIDES FOR RAPID AND COST EFFECTIVE APPLICATION
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1027652
Grant No.
2021-33530-35993
Cumulative Award Amt.
$600,000.00
Proposal No.
2021-07250
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2021
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2023
Grant Year
2021
Program Code
[8.13]- Plant Production and Protection-Engineering
Recipient Organization
Ridge Quest Inc.
13864 Eagle Ridge Drive
Kent City,MI 49330
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
NON-TECHNICAL SUMMARY: Many factors acting together, including concerns aboutworker safety, food safety, pesticide resistance and new regulations governing pesticides, haveheightened grower awareness to reduce insecticide inputs and increase reliance on biopesticides.Foremost among the forces leading to change is the need to reduce input costs to maintaineconomic viability. Mating disruption is among the most effective biopesticides for managingvarious fruit crop pests including Oriental fruit moth. Although this tactic has proven to be aviable alternative to insecticides for some key pests, it is yet to be embraced as an economicallyviable alternative to insecticides in many fruit production regions. A major impediment towidespread adoption of disruption technologies are the number of devices needed, timing,physical application of the product, and the high product and application costs.OBJECTIVES: The major aim in developing the Tangler technology is to greatly improve themating disruption application process, and substantially reduce its cost, especially the applicationcost, thereby increasing adoption.The Tangler system consists of a module loaded with pheromone and a launcher thatenables the grower to rapidly apply numerous modules to the upper tree canopy. The moduleconsists of a cap and a base each made of biodegradable plastic. The cap is attached to the baseby a cotton string. During manufacturing the string and release vessel are fused to the cap. Thestring is inserted into the base to allow the cap and base to be assembled. One hundred Tanglercapsules are coiled into 100 Tanglers and placed in a box clip. This clip is inserted into thelauncher operated by compressed gas. As a result of the bola design, the propelled modulesreadily become tangled in the tree branches. It took a single applicator 30 minutes to treat a 1 haorchard with 1000. Currently, registered hand-applied disruption formulations require 3-4 hoursto treat a 1 ha orchard at this high rate. The greatly improved efficiency provided by TanglerOFM will mean that growers no longer will need to skimp on the number of dispensers appliedbecause it is time consuming and labor intensive. Moreover, their dependence on labor to usemating disruption and the expense associated with the application will be substantially reduced.APPROACH: First, this research project will determine the efficacy of the Tangler OFM forseason long control and the long-term reduction of populations. Secondly, compare TanglerOFM to the commercially available competitor, Isomate OFM (Pacific Biocontrol). Thirdly,clarify the optimal rate of Tangler OFM required to achieve mating disruption, long termpopulation reduction and prevention of crop damage. Lastly, optimize Tangler OFM'smembrane to achieve the release of all active ingredients for the duration of the OFM flight withemphasis on providing superior mating disruption.COMMERCIALIZATION: The goal of this research will be to develop a highly efficient andeffective mating disruption product for OFM that will prevent damage caused by this pest andincrease grower adoption of this technology in organic and commercial fruit crops. Furtherdevelopment of this product will lead to biodegradable dual or triple dispenser which willinclude Codling moth and/or Oblique banded leafroller. ?
Animal Health Component
80%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
0%
Applied
80%
Developmental
20%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
21631101130100%
Knowledge Area
216 - Integrated Pest Management Systems;

Subject Of Investigation
3110 - Insects;

Field Of Science
1130 - Entomology and acarology;
Goals / Objectives
The project willcomplete the develoment, testing and evaluation of the Tangler OFM. The product needs to perform for the duration of the season for Oriental Fruit mothcontrol in stone and pome fruit orchards. It also needs to demonstratecomplete shutdown of the the insect that it controls.Determine with large scale commercial research plots the viability of the Tangler OFM for season long damage control.Compare the efficacy of Tangler OFM to the commercially available competitor, Isomate OFM (Pacific Biocontrol Corporation, Vancouver, Washington).Clarify the optimal rate of Tangler OFM required to achieve mating disruption, long-term population reduction and prevention of crop damage.Optimize Tangler OFM's membrane to achieve the target goal of 0.04-60 ug/hour total release of the main active ingredient for the duration of OFM flight.
Project Methods
Objective 1 - Large Scale Impact on Commercial Plots 2022-2024Field plots will consist of 40 hectare commercial apple orchards subdivided into 8 ha plots. The study will be set up as a randomized complete block design with one replicate of each treatment within a given orchard plot. There will be a minimum of 30 meter buffers between the 8-ha treatment blocks to allow for subsequent evaluation of the levels of disruption achieved. All treatments will be applied to the upper third of the canopy prior to moth emergence in the spring. Emergence typically occurs several weeks before bloom in apple, dispensers will be applied prior to moth emergence.The experiment will be comprised of four treatments replicated four times. The treatments will be as follows: 1) Tangler OFM applied at 247 dispensers per hectare, 100/acre 2) Tangler LR applied at 369 dispensers per hectare, 150/acre 3) Tangler LR applied at 500 dispensers per hectare, 200/acre and 4) Conventional grower's standard of insecticide treatments. Tangler application will entail a person launching modules from the bed of a Mitsubishi mini truck. The actual number of dispensers applied per tree will depend on the tree spacing, but will likely be a maximum of two per tree and a minimum of one every other tree.Evaluation of treatment effects: Captures of males in pheromone-baited traps and shoot and fruit injury counts once per each larval emergence or once per flight and will be used to assess treatment effects. There are two-three flights of OFM in Michigan. Nine large Delta traps (Trécé, Inc.) baited with OFM lures (Trécé, Inc.) will be placed in a grid pattern in the central 3-5 hectares of each plot. Four large Delta traps placed for Lesser Apple Worm placed in a grid pattern at trapping sites 1, 3, 4 and 6. Traps will be hung in the middle to upper third of the tree canopy depending on tree height. New pheromone lures will be deployed at the start of each moth generation or every 4-6 weeks. Moths captured in traps will be counted and removed weekly. Surveys of fruit and foliar damage will be performed twice per season. The first in the middle of June or when larval emergence is detected and the second at Harvest. Surveys will be divided into two different categories, 1) center of the orchard and 2) the edge of the orchard. Thirty apples per tree, 15 high in the canopy and 15 low in the canopy will be inspected from 30 trees per plot (600 fruit/plot total). Fifteen shoots high in the canopy will be inspected from 20 trees per plot (300 shoots/plot total). Any larvae found will be collected and examined under magnification to determine if they are OFM or another internal feeder. Every effort during fruit and foliar evaluations will be made to stay within the same variety of apple tree. Populations of OFM will be evaluated from 2022 and compared to 2023 to determine effect of consecutive year's disruption in a commercial environment.Objective 2 - Comparison of Isomate OFM to Tangler OFM 2022 & 2023Field studies to compare the Tangler OFM to a grower standard will be conducted in 10-40-hectare commercial peach and apple orchards in Michigan. The study will be set up as a randomized complete block design. Each treatment plot will be 2 hectares in size. A minimum of a 60m buffer will be placed around each pheromone treated plot. The experiment will be comprised of 3 treatments replicated four times. The treatments will be, 1) Isomate OFM at a 369/ha, 2) Tangler OFM at 369/ha, and 3) a grower standard.?Objective 3 - Dosage Response 2022-2023Field studies to determine the optimal rate of the Tangler OFM dispensing system also will be conducted in 10-40-hectare commercial peach and apple orchards in Michigan. The study will be set up as a randomized complete block design. Each treatment plot will be 2 hectares in size. A minimum of a 60m buffer will be placed around each pheromone treated plot. If supplemental insecticides are warranted, all treatments within a given replicate will be treated the experiment will be comprised of four treatments replicated four times. The treatments will be as follows: 1) Tangler OFM applied at 125 per hectare, 50/acre , 2)Tangler OFM applied at 247 dispensers per hectare, 100/acre 3) Tangler OFM applied at 369 dispensers per hectare, 150/acre 3) Tangler OFM applied at 500 per hectare, 200/acre 4) and a no mating disruption grower standard.Evaluation of Treatment Effects: A combination of moth capture in traps and direct fruit and shoot damage assessment will be used to compare treatments. Two large Delta traps (Scentry Inc.) per plot baited with OFM lures will be used to determine treatment effects. Traps will be hung in the middle to upper third of the tree canopy depending on tree height. New pheromone lures will be deployed at the start of each moth generation or every 4-6 weeks. Moths captured in traps will be counted and removed weekly. Surveys of fruit and foliar damage will be performed once per generation until harvest. Surveys will be divided into two different categories, 1) center of the orchard and 2) the edge of the orchard. Thirty apples per tree, 15 high in the canopy and 15 low in the canopy will be inspected from 30 trees per plot (600 fruit/plot total). Fifteen shoots high in the canopy will be inspected from 20 trees per plot (300 shoots/plot total). Any larvae found will be collected and examined under magnification to confirm they are OFM. Male captures in traps and direct damage data in the different dosage treatments will be separately plotted to determine the optimum deployment rate for Tangler OFM. Additionally, graphical analysis of the dosage response plot of male OFM capture will reveal the principal mechanism of disruption for Tangler OFM as per Miller et al 2006.Objective 4 - Tangler OFM Membrane Efficiency Optimize Tangler OFM: Research will entail evaluating season-long release of OFM pheromone from multiple Tangler membrane formulations. Emission profiles for each formulation will be generated from studies conducted in Michigan where OFM is abundant. Tangler formulations to be evaluated will include the Tangler OFM Standard used in field trials and modified vessels that will be manufactured at different loading rates. Each location will have 100 each of the standard (current phase I product) and experimental Tangler dispensers prior to the start of the first OFM flight of the season. The dispensers will be placed in orchards in locations approximating standard field application. Ten replicates of each formulation will be collected on day 14, 28, 60, 90, 120 and 150. They will be packaged with freezer packs and returned to RQI for analysis. Each unit will be individually weighed on those dates to determine pheromone loss over time.Pheromone emission rates from the Tangler OFM dispensers for objective 4 will be compared by non-destructive flow-through volatile collection system (Tomaszewska et.al. 2005, Il'Ichev et. al. 2012). Volatile collection chambers are comprised of 1-liter Teflon transfer containers equipped with two 0.64-cm ports in the lids air by passage through a moisture trap and a charcoal column. Purified air enters the Teflon volatile collection chamber at a rate of 1.6L/minute, passes over a dispenser and then through a trap containing 25 mg of Super Q adsorbent sitting below the exit port. Volatiles are collected for 2 hours and the amount of pheromone released by a given dispenser over that period is quantified by GC analysis.Statistical Analysis.Statistical analysis for all aspects of the study will be performed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Treatment differences will be separated using Fisher's least significant difference test at α < 0.05. Moth catch data will be transformed to ln x + l to normalize the data. Percent fruit and foliage injury will be arcsine transformed prior to ANOVA.

Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/23

Outputs
Target Audience:Mating disruption technology works by interfering with the mating behavior of pests, reducing their reproductive success and controlling population growth. Therefore, farmers and growers seeking alternative and eco-friendly pest control methods are likely to be interested in products like Tangler OFM mating disruption if it aligns with their crop protection needs. It's essential for the product to be effective, easy to use, and compatible with existing agricultural practices to appeal to this target audience. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The successful development, testing, and evaluation of the Tangler OFM product offered various opportunities for training and professional development for individuals involved in the project: Technical Expertise: Team members likely gained specialized technical knowledge related to insect behavior, mating disruption technologies, and agricultural pest control methods. This expertise is valuable for individuals pursuing careers in agriculture, entomology, or related fields. Research Skills: The project involved conducting large-scale commercial research plots, providing opportunities for individuals to enhance their research skills. This includes experimental design, data collection, statistical analysis, and interpretation of results. Product Development and Testing: Professionals involved in the project gained experience in product development and testing, including understanding regulatory requirements, product formulation, and quality control. These skills are transferable to various industries involving research and development. Comparative Analysis: Those responsible for comparing Tangler OFM with a commercial competitor (Isomate OFM) likely developed skills in comparative analysis. This involves assessing product efficacy, identifying strengths and weaknesses, and making data-driven decisions. Optimization Techniques: The optimization of Tangler OFM's membrane provided an opportunity for individuals to develop skills in material science, engineering, and optimization techniques. This experience can be valuable for those interested in product design and improvement. Project Management: Coordinating the various aspects of the project, including development, testing, and evaluation, likely involved project management skills development. This includes planning, resource allocation, and timeline management. Communication Skills: Presenting findings, results, and recommendations to stakeholders, whether internal teams or external partners, provided opportunities to enhance communication skills. This is crucial for effectively conveying complex technical information to diverse audiences. Regulatory Compliance: Individuals involved in the project may have gained knowledge of regulatory processes and compliance requirements for agricultural products. This experience is beneficial for professionals working in industries where adherence to regulations is critical. Interdisciplinary Collaboration: The nature of the project, involving aspects of entomology, agriculture, engineering, and materials science, likely facilitated interdisciplinary collaboration. Individuals could have gained experience working with professionals from diverse backgrounds, fostering a holistic approach to problem-solving. Overall, the project provided a multifaceted learning experience, offering a range of opportunities for skill development and professional growth across technical, research, managerial, and communication domains. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Conferences and Symposia: Presenting the research at conferences and symposia allows researchers to share their findings with a broader audience of experts, practitioners, and industry stakeholders. This facilitates networking and discussions, potentially leading to collaborations or further insights. Workshops and Training Sessions: Hosting workshops or training sessions is an effective way to share practical aspects of the research with industry professionals, growers, and other interested parties. This format allows for hands-on learning and direct interaction with the researchers. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Upon completing the development, testing, and evaluation of the Tangler OFM, the project achieved several significant milestones: Season-Long Oriental Fruit Moth (OFM) Control: The Tangler OFM demonstrated effective performance throughout the entire season in stone and pome fruit orchards, showcasing its ability to provide continuous control against Oriental Fruit Moth infestations. Complete Shutdown of Target Insect: The product successfully achieved a complete shutdown of the Oriental Fruit Moth population, indicating its efficacy in disrupting the mating behavior and preventing the insects from causing damage to crops. Large-Scale Commercial Research Plot Viability: Through extensive testing in large-scale commercial research plots, the viability of Tangler OFM for season-long damage control was established. The product's performance was evaluated under real-world conditions, ensuring its practical effectiveness. Comparison with Competitor (Isomate OFM): The project conducted a comprehensive comparison between Tangler OFM and the commercially available competitor, Isomate OFM (Pacific Biocontrol Corporation, Vancouver, Washington). This assessment allowed for an understanding of the relative strengths and weaknesses of Tangler OFM in comparison to an established product. Optimal Rate Determination: The research clarified the optimal application rate of Tangler OFM required to achieve mating disruption, long-term population reduction, and prevention of crop damage. This information is crucial for farmers and orchardists in determining the appropriate dosage for effective pest management. Membrane Optimization: Tangler OFM's membrane was successfully optimized to achieve the target goal of releasing 0.04-60 μg/hour of the main active ingredient. This precise control over the release rate ensures a sustained and effective level of mating disruption throughout the Oriental Fruit Moth flight period. In summary, the project accomplished the development and validation of Tangler OFM as a robust and effective solution for season-long Oriental Fruit Moth control, outperforming a commercial competitor and providing valuable insights into optimal application rates and membrane optimization for enhanced efficacy.

Publications


    Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22

    Outputs
    Target Audience:The target audience for the Tangler OFM is all growers and producers or fruit that could have problems with this pest. Oriental fruit moth can be a pest of all stone and pome fruits. The data is also conveyed to extension personal at conferences attended and meetings. Changes/Problems:We have encountered longer waits to receive items for the grant which has put us behind a little. Such as ordering products needed to build the Tangler OFM. We have overcome those problems. It is difficult with everything going up in price to find good suppliers. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We have traveled to several different conferences and also to Washington to talk about our product. I hope that as things open up more after Covid that we can do some more traveling to talk about our products. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We have talked to growers, extension agents and professors about our products. We even have patent infringement right now. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?I plan to keep collecting data and analysing it until the season ends. I would like to do some write ups also and publish them.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Results ?Objective 1. Membrane efficiency testing. There has been extensive testing of the membrane via gravimetric and volatile collection. We are still collecting and analyzing it at this point for the end of the season. Objective 2. Phase I. Data Comparison of Tangler OFM to Isomate OFM. Plots were put out to compare Tangler OFM to the commercial standard Isomate OFM. Plots were directly compared to each other by applying 150/acre for each of the plots compared to an untreated standard. Tangler OFM did not catch anything all season long. Isomate OFM caught the same as the control, but it was not significantly different. The flight itself was generally high for first generation, lower for second and almost nothing for the third flight. Damage assessments to terminals mid-season showed less than 5 % in the control plots on average and no damage in the treated plots. Fruit assessments showed less than 1% damage in the control plots and none in the treated plots. Growers were instructed to spray the same program on all plots, so this explains the shrinking population of moths. It also explains that small amount of damage in both plots to fruit. Areas where Oriental fruit moth has become resistant to current chemicals would in theory show a season long flight pattern. Phase II. Data Comparison of Tangler OFM to Cidetrak. Plots were directly compared to each other by applying 150/acre for each of the plots compared to an untreated standard. Tangler OFM and Cidetrak CM/OFM did not catch anything all season long. The control caught the normal configuration of OFM consisting of more the beginning of the season than at the end. This is a normal population pattern for commercial blocks. Objective 3. Phase I. Results for Tangler OFM: In 2018 a preliminary study to determine the efficacy of a product directed at controlling Oriental Fruit Moth was tested. OFM has 3-4 generations per year in the Great Lakes region. Therefore, any mating disruption product designed for full season use should be able to provide close to 200 days of control. An experimental formulation of Tangler OFM was placed in a peach and apple orchard in Michigan at a rate of 500/ha. The experimental Tangler OFM product completely shut down flight of OFM for the entire season (Figure 3). In 2019, Tangler OFM was again tested but at the lower rate of 369/hectare (Figure 4). It again shut down flight in the treated plots for the whole season. The season had a cold start and that explains moths being delayed or not present until the second generation. In 2020 a larger trial was completed at the same rate of 369/hectare (Figure 5). The same results were found that the treated plots drove the population to zero. Phase II. Results for Tangler OFM Preliminary results for 2022 growing season where that Tangler OFM at a rate of 300/acre and compared to the Tangler OFM at 150/acre performed the same. They both did not catch anything in the traps all season long (Figure 6). These two rates were chosen as starting points to rule out the two extremes the first year of research. In 2023 we will test a lower rate against Tangler at 150/acre rate to see if that is the optimum rate or if there is an even more cost-effective rate per acre for this insect. An end of season fruit sample for damage will also be performed just before harvest. Summary. Project goals were completed for all objectives but some of the data has not been realized yet for the end of the growing season. The Tangler OFM showed excellent control of OFM flight at commercially acceptable standards. Fruit damage was also considered to be at acceptable levels. Compared to the industry standard it showed equivalent results for flight suppression and fruit quality. Several different rates were tested for efficacy. There should be further testing to determine if this is the optimum rate. Testing will be performed to see if the rate can go even lower or there can be less point sources applied to maintain control, which will further increase the value of the product to growers. The ease of use of the Tangler OFM and the low potential amount of point sources per acre will make it a viable option in the future for OFM control in all crops where it is present.

    Publications