Source: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, MERCED submitted to
SECURING A CLIMATE RESILIENT WATER FUTURE FOR AGRICULTURE AND ECOSYSTEMS THROUGH INNOVATION IN MEASUREMENT, MANAGEMENT, AND MARKETS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
NEW
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1027578
Grant No.
2021-69012-35916
Project No.
CALW-2021-05736
Proposal No.
2021-05736
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
A9201
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2021
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2026
Grant Year
2021
Project Director
Viers, J.
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, MERCED
PO BOX 2039
MERCED,CA 95343
Performing Department
UC Merced
Non Technical Summary
Water scarce regions in the western US need new management strategies to face climate change and drought, grow food for the country, and maintain ecosystem function. The pressure of increased human population and footprint, increased frequency and severity of drought, and reliance on dwindling water sources for agriculture, environment and communities has resulted in a broken system with limited flexibility. With community advisor participation at every step, this project creates a new climate resilience and adaptation tool, understanding, and outcomes for data-driven decision-making among growers and water managers. The team includes experts in climate and water information, modeling, institutional design, and transdisciplinary research, education and actionable outreach. The collaboration will bring the findings of these experts together into localized use cases to serve as illustrations of the research as adapted to local conditions and constraints. Through three use cases (San Joaquin Valley, CA; Mesilla Valley, NM; Cache Valley, UT) with differing water laws and similar orchard and row crop agricultural systems, snow-fed water systems, conjunctive use infrastructure, we will synthesize opportunities to increase flexibility and water security in the semi-arid western US. As a solution, with a comparatively low infrastructure costs and a short time to develop, iterate and deliver, this project will investigate and develop data-driven decision-making tools and institutional design recommendations based on improved water measurement, management and markets to achieve water security. Innovative water markets offer flexibility in management, especially when supported by timely, transparent, and accurate water use and availability information and scaled climate data in trading locations. Leveraging advances in the technologies around measurement, from sensors to instrumentation and information, and assembling existing data platforms around water and climate information will facilitate participation in novel water management strategies and water markets. One output of the program is a dashboard for data-driven decision-making to support adaptation to climate change, projected climate extremes, especially multi-year droughts, from field to regional scales. Included in the dashboard will be water budget accounting including evapotranspiration--one of the most difficult water uses to calculate, new climate projections, and groundwater recharge scenarios. Groundwater recharge through flood managed aquifer recharge acts as a means of storing surface water in large aquifers underground, which will provide a tool to flexibly manage the interannual variability of precipitation and facilitate water trading in some scenarios. Integration of field measurements, hydrological modeling, and hydroeconomics will provide novel insights to complex water management challenges with varied geographic and sociocultural contexts. By coupling hydroeconomic and life-cycle assessment with water accounting and regional climate projections, the project goal is to evaluate and enable water trading for climate resilience in agricultural and ecological systems in the Southwestern US. Markets also need to be adapted to the local water laws and cultures. Experts in economics, law and policy will use literature reviews and community advisor inputs to identify barriers to entry for diverse community advisors in various water trading and markets systems, with attention to the information needed to participate. The integration of testbeds, the water data dashboard, and socioeconomic behavior and values provides the loci for examination of political processes, outcomes, and applications with the goal of improving access and appropriate allocation of resources. Building on years of expertise in education, curriculum development, and graduate training the program includes an intervention for AgSTEM learners as multiple levels. A novel component of computer game design fosters empathy in water management. The graduate student education program, Climate Adaptation Sciences Academy, trains the next-generation of climate leaders through real-world learning in agencies and NGOs, computational training and climate communication praxis. Finally, in contrast to typical forms of Extension and outreach, this program starts with broad public perspectives and implements a day one approach to diverse community advisors shaping, inquiring and guiding the research, education and outreach programming. In order to ensure the information systems are useful, engagement with community advisors via surveys, workshops and other interactions will lead to new understanding of the institutional design.
Animal Health Component
0%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1310210202020%
1110210205020%
6010210202020%
6080210209020%
1110210303020%
Goals / Objectives
The primary goal of this project is to secure water for a climate resilient future for agricultural production and environmental sustainability. The project seeks innovation and discovery in science and engineering to achieve water security for agriculture, ecosystems, and communities. Through data-driven decision-making, and improvements in water measurement and management, this project will enhance our collective understanding and ability to use water markets as a means to promote agricultural, environmental, economic, and social resilience in an uncertain future. This project will advance these innovations, specifically by developing flexible market-based strategies, as informed by more accurate measurement of water availability and use, and integrated with more refined on-farm water management practices. Secondary goals are to create change in knowledge, behavior, and condition. To create change in condition, our objectives are to (1) improve access to information on current water use and future climate conditions, and (2) improve and integrate water and environmental measurements to inform management decisions. To create change in behavior, our objectives are to (3) examine and understand potential barriers and benefits of water trading markets for system flexibility while ensuring equitable solutions, and (4) evaluate novel water management strategies to buffer against drought conditions. To create change in knowledge, our objectives are to (5) train a next generation of transdisciplinary practitioners versed in climate adaptation science and complex systems problem solving, and (6) work with growers, irrigation districts, and ecosystem managers to adopt and adapt climate resilience strategies. Through extensive team science collaborations, transdisciplinary research, and creative outreach, Extension and Education, the unified project goal is to affect a change in the way water is measured, managed, and transferred through market-like systems in three semi-arid use cases, with a broader utility of our findings for all water-stressed areas. Secondary objectives to achieve this primary goal span several distinct but coordinated areas of research engagement and culminated through extension and education activities: (a) Produce data and information systems to enable decision-making through innovative measurement systems coupled together into Water3D (Water Data Decisions Dashboard) that will improve use of actionable information on current water use, seasonal forecasts, and climate projections to inform data-driven decisions made by community advisors. (b) Evaluate several forms of markets (trading, banking, markets) to better understand institutional drivers for data-driven decision-making by examining and understanding potential barriers, drivers, and benefits of water trading markets for system flexibility while ensuring equitable solutions. (c) Evaluate novel water management strategies, such as aquifer recharge and water banking, to secure water for beneficial uses during prolonged drought condition by developing management scenarios to capture available surface water and mitigate for drier years. (d) Improve accuracy and reduce uncertainty in water budgets to inform management decisions by testing a variety of integrated sensor systems with growers and build a network of early adopters to help adapt adopt and technology to new contexts. The primary Extension objective of the project is to understand the needs of community advisors. Extension objectives include informal learning and coproduction of knowledge with explicit community advisors, such as growers, irrigation districts, and ecosystem managers, to adopt and adapt climate resilience strategies, which includes establishing community advisor needs through formal assessment, demonstration workshops, interactive learning modules, and broad communications. The primary Education objectives are to train a next generation of transdisciplinary practitioners versed in climate adaptation science and complex systems problem solving, a climate adaptation science academy for graduate students, and transformational grades 6-12 curriculum to inspire and to retain children in AgSTEM with multi-site evaluations. These objectives will be pursued to achieve the goal of western water, agriculture, ecosystem and community sustainability and resilience under climate change.
Project Methods
Research methods will follow standard protocols and all research activities will aim toward answering the overarching question "how can improvements in measurement and management enhance the ability of water markets to promote agricultural, environmental, economic and social resilience in an uncertain future?" Research Thrust 1 -- Climate Services for Data-driven Decisions -- will use standard programming methods in model integration and data science to deliver web-enabled and multimodal accessible decision support software (API, GUI enabled). Research Thrust 2 -- Water Trading Markets for Flexibility -- will use standard inquiry and analysis methods for policy and economic evaluation. Stakeholder workshops, interviews, and case studies will inform institutional assessments. Empirical examination will provide assessment of institutional barriers of market adoption using comparison of grower characteristics within and across markets with different physical systems and varying degrees of activity will enable assessment of the importance of data, information, and trading platform technology on participation. An agricultural production and water use model using a hydro-economic optimization engine will evaluate water allocations among users and irrigation districts to quantify gains from trade under various market and water supply settings. Research Thrust 3 -- Novel Management Strategies to Secure Water -- will use standard hydro-geospatial modeling tools and techniques to understand how and when managed aquifer recharge, water banking, and land use changes can secure water for a climate resilient future. Several developed and location specific hydrological models will be extended and enhanced to answer question about recharge, coupled surface and groundwater interaction, as well as climate perturbations. Management actions will be identified through simulated model thresholds to include minimum storage, minimum water table, and minimum streamflow (CA); maximum groundwater use, maximum storage depletion, and minimum streamflow (NM); and water available for purchase and minimum streamflow (UT). Research Thrust 4 -- Accuracy and Uncertainty in Water Budgets -- will use standard field hydrology methods to measure and quantify water balance in all three use cases, centered on depletion and OpenET information and verified by local measurements and farming practices. Teams will measure evapotranspiration and other hydroclimatic data for validating OpenET at field scale, and other water budget components (e.g., soil moisture, precipitation, groundwater, conveyance, return flows, recharge) will be assessed in terms of availability, accuracy, and frequency for their integration. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment will be used to quantify total water footprint and greenhouse gas emissions for crops and management methods across the three use cases. Formal education efforts will be implemented through existing courses offered by PDs, implementing new case studies from the project to build place-based learning and lead an example of transdisciplinary thinking. At the end of the project-based unit, PDs may offer a unified survey to students as an evaluation. Similarly the CASA trainees will take pre- and post-surveys designed to evaluate grad preparedness and aspirations in AgSTEM. Finally, a cross-project survey will be used for NexTech Robotics and in the curriculum developed uniquely for teachers to assemble data on learning outcomes and objectives. The anonymous online surveys will be part of the management team's role to manage Institutional Review Board and to ensure quality and to publish results to increase knowledge of the successful efforts. The key efforts or success milestones for education will be retention, growth, and proficiency in subjects as well as interest in AgSTEM careers. Informal education and Extension events and activities are also to affect a change in knowledge, action and condition. Evaluations will be standard tools except for the novel use of Mechanical Turk for a broader public needs assessment to compare to the local and regional informed stakeholder needs assessment, leading to a new method where the population at large will be comparable to the sample of water and land managers. Because the change in condition of the aquifer, water system and climate resilience will require large-scale buy-in from the public, it's necessary to evaluate their perceptions and needs for information. Additionally, as water and land managers are most likely to be directly affected by new information, the surveys about their information needs, structured through convenience and snowball sampling of the areas of case studies, will be critical to all other components of the project. Through the longitudinal stakeholder survey, sampling the same stakeholders will enable the team to see if stakeholder perceptions have increased in receptivity of water markets or data-driven decision making. Within each event, the mental model focus groups will also show change throughout the sessions. Users of Water3D will be counted throughout the duration of the project. As the unique users and time in the tool within the study area increase, that will be a change in action and adoption of the technology. Similarly, we will quantify adoption of models and other research findings by stakeholders. Informal education will occur through Extension and Research activities and are intended to cause a change in knowledge of the project team in order to improve the outcomes of the tools. Stakeholder Advisory Board will meet annually to review and to comment on products and processes. The external evaluator will also engage team members and aid the whole team in recalibration toward objectives through surveys and interviews. All stakeholder engagement will be approved through an Institutional Research Board protocol

Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23

Outputs
Target Audience:During this reporting period, Secure Water Future has focused on several distinct target audiences based on our overarching mission of fostering sustainable and flexible water security for diverse communities. Academics: We engaged with scholars and researchers in water resources, climate change, and agricultural sciences. Our research findings are designed to add value to the ongoing discourse in these academic circles, offering data-driven solutions and insights. Policy Makers: We have collaborated with governmental officials to ensure that our work is accessible to those who are creating and implementing policies. Students: As the next generation of thinkers, innovators, and leaders, students are pivotal to driving change. We have prioritized their inclusion, offering them hands-on learning opportunities, internships, and experiential educational programs. Agricultural Community Advisors: Given the emphasis of our research on water utilization in agriculture, growers, irrigation districts, and water managers constitute a major segment of our audience. Our findings aim to equip them with tools and strategies to optimize water use while ensuring the sustainability of their agricultural practices. Ecosystem Managers: Our research also resonates with those responsible for preserving and nurturing diverse ecosystems. They can benefit from our climate resilience strategies and insights into sustainable water resource management. Communities in Specific Agroecological Systems: While our case studies primarily revolve around three locations - San Joaquin Valley, CA; Mesilla Valley, NM; and Cache Valley, UT - the implications of our work go beyond these specific regions. These sites represent water-stressed, snow-fed, conjunctive-use agroecological systems. By studying them, we aim to develop solutions that can be applied to similar regions globally, hence broadening our audience to agricultural producers and ecosystem managers at large. Secure Water Future's work matters to those engaged in academia, policymaking, agriculture, and ecosystem management. Our emphasis on specific geographies allows us to delve into localized challenges, but the overarching theme of water security has a universal appeal, making our work relevant to a wide spectrum of community advisors globally. Changes/Problems:We have noted to NIFA two co-PD shifts. Mike Myatt replaced Christina Babbitt as the lead for EDF after Babbitt took a position at a new organization. Andrew Ayres replaced Alvar Escriva-Bou as the lead for PPIC after Escriva-Bou obtained a faculty role at UCLA. Escriva-Bou is now the lead for UCLA, which is a new subawardee. Obtaining work visas for graduate students and post-doctoral scholars remains a significant issue, with numerous and lengthy delays throughout academic institutions. For this and related reasons, we are underspent in several categories and anticipate shifting these monies into a no-cost extension year. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Our approach to training and professional development is multimodal, with opportunities to increase knowledge and skills at each career stage. All team members have access to a shared Google calendar wherein both internal and external training and professional development opportunities are listed. These include webinars, conferences, lectures, and other content of mutual interest. All team members, regardless of career stage, are also onboarded with materials to facilitate cohesive collaboration across a transdisciplinary and geographically distributed team. This includes training in the shared resources and infrastructure of the project and the general guiding principles of Secure Water Future. Undergraduate Student Training At our lead institution, UC Merced, Secure Water Future undergraduate interns are provided with 1:1 mentorship, formal group project management training, and a network of peer support. Through a formal internship opportunity, undergraduate students develop employable skills and an enhanced understanding of the research enterprise. Graduate Student Training Secure Water Future has built a team of leading experts in watershed science, climate science, data science, hydro-economics, and computer science to create a networked approach to graduate student education that is not possible at a single academic institution. While Secure Water Future graduate students apply to and graduate from a single institution, they have access to project partners at six affiliated institutions (UC Merced, UC Davis, UC Berkeley, UCLA, Utah State University, New Mexico State University) throughout the course of their studies, giving our graduate student affiliates a greater breadth and depth of knowledge. This cross-institutional approach facilitates practical solutions to the greatest issue of our time: climate change. Graduate students associated with Secure Water Future benefit from training and professional development at their institution of enrollment. They are also provided additional opportunities because of the Secure Water Future network, including our Climate Adaptation Science Academy Experiential Learning Expedition (CASA ELE), which builds skills in climate adaptation science, science communication, and transdisciplinary research. In 2023, CASA ELE participants (1) Formed a network of colleagues in climate change and water management; (2) Immersed themselves in current concepts and knowledge related to climate change and adaptations to reduce its negative impacts; (3) Gained essential science communication and team science skills through practical interventions for a lay audience; and (4) Participated in a targeted primer about Utah water, California water, and New Mexico water, facilitating a broader understanding of western water. CASA ELE participants were exposed to a network of academic, non-profit, and governmental organization mentors during their week-long program. Five graduate students were provided funding in the summer of 2023 to develop research and/or extension materials for Secure Water Future partners. Each of these fellows received mentorship from faculty advisors. Secure Water Future continues its efforts to offer affiliated graduate students professional development and networking opportunities beyond the scope of their individual programs. The network provides a weekly hybrid opportunity for affiliated and project-adjacent graduate students and postdocs to engage in facilitated sessions for concentrated work. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The Secure Water Future project team has disseminated research findings through targeted engagement opportunities in California, Utah, and New Mexico, including through talks and workshops - many of these are listed in the Products section of this report. In California, the team has collaborated in the monthly UC ANR Water Webinar series, which is a virtual seminar series to provide context about water-related issues to those both inside and outside the university. In Year Two, we focused concerted educational attention on the next generation of water professionals through our K-12, undergraduate, and graduate student programming, which are described in detail in the appropriate sections of this report. Given the demography of UC Merced, our lead institution, all educational programming specifically targets underrepresented and first-generation students. At UC Merced in the fall of 2023, 65 percent of all undergraduates were first-generation, and 54 percent were Hispanic. Our work has bridged Extension and our research teams with targeted interventions with growers, water managers, and ecosystem managers in California, Utah, and New Mexico. In synergy between Extension and our water markets team, we hosted a half-day virtual convening on water measurement and reporting needs for water markets. We also hosted a workshop at UC Berkeley called "SGMA in 2023: Advancing an Agenda to Meet Emerging Needs." The convening at UC Berkeley aimed to strengthen partnerships between the research community and groundwater community advisors on social and economic issues of groundwater management. Together, academic economists, policy experts, interdisciplinary researchers, extension agents, managers and regulators at the local and state levels, environmentalists, farmers, community advocates, and others with on-the-ground experience co-developed an agenda for ongoing and future collaboration best to leverage applied research for impact on this important issue. Our team collaborated in onboarding the Merced Subbasin Groundwater Sustainability Agency (MSGSA) as a pilot partner for the Groundwater Accounting Platform by facilitating a landowner workshop. We also assisted Sustainable Conservation with a soil-water expert convening at UC Merced and hosted an outreach meeting with Mojave Water Agency. Our UC Water Academy policy pitch presentations were open to community advisors across California, New Mexico, and Utah. We specifically targeted water managers to provide context about the impacts of wildfire on water. Significant media coverage has been devoted to the work of project partners contributing to Secure Water Future. We maintain a list of these outputs, which we are happy to provide as an appendix to this report. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In December, project collaborators will meet in person for a multi-day convening to engage in collaborative work. This meeting will be instrumental in pushing forward our goals for Year Three. Specific plans for Year Three are delineated by individual project teams below: Leadership Team To ensure project cohesion and oversee team collaboration, the leadership team will continue to meet as needed with a twice quarterly convening anticipated. Leadership team members are tasked with ensuring cross-team and cross-site synergy. The leadership team has scoped the American Geophysical Union (AGU) conference in San Francisco as a site for group collaboration in December 2023. Climate Integration To improve the use of actionable information on current water use, seasonal forecasts, and climate projections to inform data-driven decisions made by stakeholders, the climate integration team continues to make progress developing a water data decisions dashboard. Utilizing information captured in the multi-state needs assessment, the climate integration team is engaging in targeted semi-structured narrative interviews with key community advisors to refine development further. Simultaneously, the group continues to analyze existing tools and support the other research teams in a consultatory fashion. Markets To examine the institutional contexts and individual decisions that shape the potential for water markets to support agricultural, ecosystem, and community resilience while effectively managing impacts on third parties, the markets team will hold additional convenings to better understand how institutional context affects the potential for water markets to enhance climate resilience for agriculture and ecosystems in our California, New Mexico, and Utah study areas. The markets team will further evaluate the potential for water markets by empirically evaluating market function (e.g., consolidation of permits among traders and interactions with groundwater quality) through a case study of the Mojave groundwater market. Management The management team is using a water balance approach to assess long-term changes in water availability and demands, and ultimately identify approaches for compromise and multi-benefit water use in a changing climate. Water balances are a useful tool to quickly estimate natural runoff, account for depletions and streamflow, and estimate the effects of policy changes. We are evaluating novel water management strategies, including managed aquifer recharge, groundwater management, and water markets in California's San Joaquin Valley, New Mexico's Mesilla Valley, and Utah's Great Salt Lake Basin. We focus on water balances because they are effective tools for identifying promising solutions to secure water for beneficial uses with climate variability, and an intuitive approach to communicate findings and results to broad audiences. A complementary effort seeks to connect field scale water budget measurements with the larger regional water balances to inform water and land use management strategies. Examples of field-studied management options include: crop choice (e.g., comparing perennial crops like almonds and pecans to alfalfa and annual crops); irrigation technology (e.g., contrasting flood irrigation with drip or sprinkler systems); and land use (e.g., considering practices like fallowing or managed agricultural recharge). Scenarios with varied field land use aggregations will show the scaled-up water and agriculture implications of these different management alternatives. Measurement A major goal for the coming year is to increase the output of peer-reviewed publications. The measurement team has numerous publications currently in different stages of preparation including several comparisons of field measurements to OpenET. These comparisons inform decision makers on the accuracy of OpenET for specific crops (e.g., alfalfa and pecan) in different regions in the arid western United States. Several members of the measurement team are working across research thrusts to improve team science and connections among research goals. The team will continue to collect and process field data from instrumentation installed in Year Two of the project. Transdisciplinary Team Science (Not in the Original Proposal) To enhance the practice of transdisciplinary team science for both the Secure Water Future team and other large, geographically distributed teams addressing pressing societal issues, Secure Water Future created a transdisciplinary team science team in Year Two. This team focused initially on practical team science issues such as the form and function of authorship agreements. The group is currently writing a paper about how climate change impacts disrupt team science work and approaches to ameliorate these issues. Extension To develop and implement a multifaceted Extension and outreach program that looks at the changing knowledge, behavior, and attitudes toward securing a climate-resilient water future for agriculture and ecosystems, the Extension team is planning field days and assisting with regional conferences with thought partners. Education To develop and disseminate curricular content to reflect the research foci of Secure Water Future for various audiences, the education team will continue the middle school-focused Super Soaker Water Academy (SSWA) summer program, graduate student Climate Adaptation Science Academy Experiential Learning Expedition (CASA ELE), and graduate student fellowships. Additionally, the education team is enhancing programming by expanding our K-12 curriculum to New Mexico and Utah.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Educational Programming The Secure Water Future team executed or helped to facilitate six major educational programs in our second year of funding. The first three of these will continue into future years of the project. These included a middle school summer camp, a graduate student fellowship program, a graduate student Climate Adaptation Science Academy Experiential Learning Expedition (CASA ELE), and a graduate student UC Water Academy. The Secure Water Future team also hosted a weekend-long water-hack challenge for California students aged 18+ and assisted the USDA and NIFA-funded AgAID AI Institute with an Agathon. Middle School Summer Camp Augmenting grade 6 and 7 curriculum, the SWF weeklong program engaged 25 middle school students from the Central Valley of California in interactive educational programming about water. By the end of the week, students developed a heightened awareness of the relationship between water, agriculture, climate change, and the need for technological enhancements. Water-based activities, including kayaking complement this programming. Graduate Student CASA Fellowships Five graduate students from our partner institutions were selected for the Secure Water Future CASA Fellowship. Through this fellowship, each student received $6,000 in summer funding and was expected to develop research and/or Extension materials for Secure Water Future partners. Four of the fellowship recipients assisted with collecting real water budget data for California, Utah, and New Mexico for co-developing our digital game. The New Mexico State University Learning Games Lab is leading game production with research support from across the project. Graduate Student Climate Adaptation Science Academy Experiential Learning Expedition (CASA ELE) Over a week in May, 13 graduate students from partner institutions traveled by van and raft with faculty and water management mentors to experience first-hand the semi-arid Western US and its water, agricultural, and natural resources infrastructure and processes for decision-making. This experiential trip included meeting the people who affect and are affected by water and agricultural management choices. Through the program, graduate students cultivated a greater understanding of western water problems and solutions, developed connections to their research, and built written products to share their experiences with the broader population through science communication materials. UC Water Academy The course was a four-day experiential learning expedition focused on the intersection of wildfire, fire ecology, watershed science, aquatic ecology, and natural resources management in the Tuolumne River Watershed. The course provided a unique opportunity for 11 graduate students to engage with experts in the field, learn about the history and impacts of wildfires in the watershed, explore the diverse aquatic ecosystem of the watershed, and understand the challenges and opportunities for managing and adapting to climate change. Water Hack Challenge Secure Water Future held its first hackathon at UC Merced on April 21 - 23, 2023. The Water Hack Challenge (WHC) was an innovative space for students to explore data-driven solutions to water issues. The event was open to undergraduate and graduate students belonging to Central Valley colleges and universities. Hailing from the University of California, Merced; Merced College; California State University, Fresno; California State University, Sacramento; California State University, Stanislaus; University of California, Irvine; and University of California, Berkeley, 76 students from across the Central Valley and beyond participated in the WHC. AgAID Institute 2023 Digital AgAth0n AgAID is a USDA and NSF-funded AI institute. The AgAID Institute hosted its second iteration of the Digital AgAth0n during the weekend of January 27 - 29, 2023. The 2023 Digital AgAth0n was a hybrid event that was hosted virtually over Microsoft Teams and in-person at selected locations. Secure Water Future aided in organizing the hackathon and facilitated one of the in-person locations at the University of California, Merced. AgAID and Secure Water Future continue to work together to facilitate stronger outcomes for both teams. Research Team Accomplishments Climate Integration Our Climate Integration research team aims to improve the use of actionable information on current water use, seasonal forecasts, and climate projections to inform data-driven decisions made by stakeholders. In Year Two, the team focused on: (0) surveying existing water-centric decision support tools and accessible climate and water data feeds; (1) advancing the development of Water3D; (2) working on common climate science questions with the Groundwater USDA SAS CAP project; (3) integrating climate science with pressing research questions across other thrusts; and (4) publishing initial peer-reviewed papers on forecasting and crop-climate impacts. Markets Our markets team aims to examine the institutional contexts and individual decisions that shape the potential for water markets to support agricultural, ecosystem, and community resilience while effectively managing impacts on third parties. In Year Two, the team focused on: (1) collecting and analyzing data for and writing up a journal article that examines how economic models of water trading account for institutional, social, and environmental context; (2) convening water regulators and community advisors from California, New Mexico, and Utah to discuss water measurement and reporting needs for water markets and planning additional convenings on other topics; (3) exploring how water rights ownership evolved within and across sectors in the Mojave Desert following the introduction of a groundwater market, including the role water quality concerns have played in trading; and (4) beginning a literature review on the history and success of water markets for ecological sustainability. Management Our management research team aims to assess long-term water resources variability in the southwestern United States using three key basins (San Joaquin Valley, CA; Great Salt Lake Basin, UT and Mesilla Valley, NM) as examples to determine dominant controls on water resources variability, and to evaluate environmental, management, and policy approaches for their sustainable management in future years. Measurement In Year Two, our measurement research team conducted field research in Utah, New Mexico, and California. Each state has deployed or maintained equipment to improve water balance measurements, including eddy covariance flux towers in California and New Mexico from unique, under-studied land uses, which are especially relevant in the new socio-political landscape of the American southwest (fallowed fields, open bodies of water, and pasture lands). In New Mexico and Utah, researchers are validating the USDA NASS Cropland Data Layer via remote sensing images from routine airplane flights and field surveys. This expansion from field to basin-scale increases our knowledge of types of crops (and therefore water use). But, just as important, it highlights the current level of precision and confidence in remote sensing versus ground-truthed tools used in agricultural water management. The measurement team has several comparison studies underway to address the growing interest in employing crop evapotranspiration data from the OpenET web platform into decision making. Graduate students in all three states are comparing OpenET estimates to field measurements. Research in New Mexico is comparing evapotranspiration field measurements to estimated evapotranspiration using locally calibrated crop coefficients derived from Harmonized Landsat Sentinel vegetation indices to make use of emerging datasets. Research in Utah is extending OpenET to water monitoring and conservation opportunities.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Abatzoglou, J. (2022, November 19). The science of climate change and its impacts on California deserts. Presented at the Anza-Borrego Desert Natural History Association, Borrego Springs, California.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Abatzoglou, J., McEvoy, D., Nauslar, N., Hegewisch, K., & Huntington, J. (2023, March 1). Downscaled subseasonal fire danger forecast skill across the contiguous United States. Atmospheric Science Letters, e1165. https://doi.org/10.1002/asl.1165
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Ayres, A. (2023, July 18). Defining and trading groundwater rights in Californias Mojave Desert. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1734378
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Bruce, M. (2023, July 18). Influence of institutional context on water markets in the southwest: Takeaways from a convening on water measurement and reporting. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1734378.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Bruce, M., Sherman, L., Bruno, E., Kiparsky, M., & Fisher, A. (2023, January 10). Recharge net metering (ReNeM) is a novel, cost-effective management strategy to incentivize groundwater recharge. Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2419554/v1
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Calderwood, A., Rodriguez, A., Foglia, L., & Dahlke, H. (2022, December 15). Setting bounds on levee setback distance to optimize high conductivity pathway use for groundwater recharge. Presented at the AGU Fall Meeting, Chicago, Illinois. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022AGUFM.H46F..04C/abstract
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Clifton, B., Ghezzehei, T., Fremier, A., & Viers, J. (2022, December). Assessing natural flow regime driven floodplain evolution following hydrologic reconnection along the Cosumnes River, California, USA. Presented at the AGU Fall Meeting, Chicago, Illinois. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022AGUFM.H13F..08C/abstract
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Cole, S. (2023, March 1). Agricultural implications of implementing Californias sustainable groundwater management act in the Greater Kings River basin. Master's Thesis. University of California, Merced. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Dahlke, H. (2023, July 18). Estimating long-term changes in groundwater recharge: A comparison of plot estimates to regional outputs from groundwater models. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1732587
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Dourado, G., Rallings, A., & Viers, J. (2023, March 17). Overcoming persistent challenges in putting environmental flow policy into practice: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis. Environmental Research Letters, 18 https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/acc196
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Eppig, M., Lloyd, B., Krcmarik, A., & Sabiston, L. (2023, July 17). Water wise: Strategies for drought-resilient real estate. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference. Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1732269
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Escriva-Bou, A. (2023, July 10). Developing Drought Indicators for Assessing Multi-Sectoral Impacts in Complex Water Systems. Poster presented at the Pantha Rei symposium, Potsdam, Germany. https://events.gfz-potsdam.de/panta-rhei
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Escriva-Bou, A., Dettinger, M., Mount, J., & Rosser, A. (2023, April 25). Developing Drought Indicators for Assessing Multi-Sectoral Impacts Using a Systems Approach. Paper presented at the EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-16758
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Escriva-Bou, A., Hanak, E., Cole, S., & Medell�n-Azuara, J. (2023, February 1) The future of agriculture in the San Joaquin valley. Public Policy Institute of California. https://www.ppic.org/publication/policy-brief-the-future-of-agriculture-in-the-san-joaquin-valley/
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Espinoza, V., Bernacchi, L., Eriksson, M., Schiller, A., Hayden, A., & Viers, J. (2023, February 7). From fallow ground to common ground: Perspectives on future land uses in the San Joaquin valley under sustainable groundwater management. Journal of Environmental Management, 333, 117226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117226
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Espinoza, V., Booth, L., & Viers, J. (2023, April 18). Land use misclassification results in water use, economic value, and GHG emission discrepancies in Californias high-intensity agriculture region. Sustainability, 15(8), 6829. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086829
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Fernald, S. & Heerema, R. (2023, March 6). How can we manage irrigation for the benefit of both farm and aquifer? Presented at the Western Pecan Growers Association Conference and Tradeshow, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Goodrum, G. (2023, July 17). Optimizing water management for water supply and fish habitat in the Bear River Basin. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference. Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1732270
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Green Nylen, N. (2023, May 22). The role of regulatory relationships in wastewater innovation. Legal Planet. https://legal-planet.org/2023/05/23/the-role-of-regulatory-relationships-in-wastewater-innovation/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Green Nylen, N., & Owen, D. (2023, June 15). How California can improve water right curtailment to better manage water scarcity. Center for Law, Energy & the Environment Sacramento Policy Briefing, Sacramento, California. https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/clee/events/past-events/
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Haw, W., & Crawford, A., (2023, July 18). Enhancing university-level water curriculum for underrepresented minority students through outside-of-classroom educational opportunities: The benefits of hackathons and water games. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1734156
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Heerema, R. (2023, June 6). Irrigation systems. Webinar presented to the Western Pecan Growers Association. https://westernpecan.org/irrigation-systems/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Heerema, R. (2023, March 1). Deep percolation--one of irrigation water's forgotten fates. Pecan South, 56(1), 20-25. https://www.pecansouthmagazine.com/magazine/issue/2023-03/
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hegewisch, K. (2023, July 19). The Climate Toolbox. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1734493
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hotaling, S. (2023, June 1). Mountain rock glaciers: an overlooked, climate-resilient water source for Utah? Training presented at the Utah Division of Water Resources. Salt Lake City, Utah.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Khan, S. (2022, October 8). Management of water and watersheds: Learning from the past. Presented to the Self-Help Enterprises Leadership Institute, Visalia, California.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Khan, S. (2023, July 18). Assimilating remotely sensed data into SWAT model for predicting crop evapotranspiration. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1732587
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Khan, S. (2023, July 18). Whole catchment instrumentation? The Southern Sierra experience in stereo. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1734391
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Khan, S. (2023, March 1). Development of a near-realtime water information system for California. UC Berkeley Workshop on measurements & monitoring, Berkeley, California.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Khan, S. (2023, May 20). Management of water and watersheds: Learning from the past. Presented to the Self-Help Enterprises Leadership Institute, Visalia, CA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kirupairaja, T., Bawazir, S., Solis, J., Perera, A., Fernald, A., & Sabie, R. (2023, May 15). Hydrologic process on fallow farmland in the Mesilla Valley, New Mexico. Presented at the Climate Smart Agriculture Student Symposium at University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, Texas.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kourakos, G., Harter, T., & Dahlke, H. (2023, April 10). Ichnos: A universal parallel particle tracking tool for groundwater flow simulations. Retrieved from SSRN 4411790. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4411790
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Medellin-Azuara, J., Escriva-Bou, A., Rodriguez-Flores, J., Cole, S., Abatzoglou, J., Viers, J., & Sumner, D. (2023, February). On assessing water supply availability, land idling and economic impacts of agricultural droughts: Cases studies from recent California climate extremes. Presented at the EGU General Assembly, Vienna, Austria. https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU23/EGU23-17022.html
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Miller, J. & Heerema, R. (2023, August 8). New Mexico pecans educational presentation. Presented at New Mexico Department of Agriculture Trade Program, Seoul, South Korea.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Miller, J. & Heerema, R. (2023, May 24). Irrigation studies in pecan. Presented at the NMSU Leyendecker Plant Sciences Research Center Field Day, Las Cruces, New Mexico. Morrisett, C. N., Van Kirk, R. W., Bernier, L. O., Holt, A. L., Perel, C. B., & Null, S. (2023, August 8). The irrigation efficiency trap: Rational farm-scale decisions can lead to poor hydrologic outcomes at the basin scale. Frontiers in Environmental Science. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1188139/abstract
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Naughton, C., Martinez-Gomez, D., & Lukkor, R. (2023, August 3). A review of environmental life cycle assessments of alfalfa. Poster presentation at the SURI Symposium, Merced, California. https://uroc.ucmerced.edu/sites/uroc.ucmerced.edu/files/page/documents/2023_suri_symposium_booklet-3.pdf
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Naumes, S. (2023, August 10). You cant learn about water without getting wet: The Secure Water Future approach to developing the next generation of water leaders. Presented at Our Water Data Future, La Jolla, California. https://www.westbigdatahub.org/event-la-jolla
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kourakos, G., Brunetti, G., Bigelow, D., Wallander, S., & Dahlke, H. (2023, May 10). Optimizing managed aquifer recharge locations in Californias Central Valley using an evolutionary multi?objective genetic algorithm coupled with a hydrological simulation model. Water Resources Research. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022wr034129
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Naumes, S. (2023, June 14). Priming success through team collaboration: Presented at the CUAHSI Biennial Colloquium 2023, Tahoe City, California.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Null, S., & Yost, M. (2023, July 18). A review of water markets for ecological protection. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1734378
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Null, S. (2023, July 18). Water balances to manage environmental water. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1732587
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Nylen, N. G., Owen, D., Harder, J., Kiparsky, M., & Hanemann, M. (2023, April 24). Managing water scarcity: A framework for fair and effective water right curtailment in California. Center for Law, Energy & the Environment, Berkeley Law. https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/clee/research/wheeler/water-allocation/curtailments/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Nylen, N. G., Owen, D., Harder, J., Kiparsky, M., & Hanemann, M. (2023, April 24). To manage water scarcity, California needs a framework for fair and effective water right curtailment. Legal Planet. https://legal-planet.org/2023/04/24/managing-water-scarcity/
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Osorio-Diaz, K. & Torres-Rua, A. (2023, July 19). Integration of geographic information systems and remote sensing products to address water balance and irrigation management in Utahs water canal companies. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1734454
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Parker, L., Hegewisch, K., Medellin-Azuara, J., Amidi-Abraham, G., Santos, N., & Burns, J. (2023, July 19). Emerging digital tools for effective water management in water scarce regions. Workshop at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1734515
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Pasner, Y. (2023, July 17). Vertical hydraulic head gradients in numerical groundwater flow modeling. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1732569
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Pasner, Y., Fogg, G., & Dahlke, H. (2023, April 17). Vertical hydraulic head gradients in numerical groundwater flow modeling. Paper presented at the California Water & Environmental Modeling Forum (CWEMF) Annual Meeting. https://cwemf.org/wp/services/annualmeeting/
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Perera, A., & Bawazir, S. (2023, July 17). Evapotranspiration of young pecan orchard at Mesilla Valley, NM. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1732552
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Perera, A., Bawazir, S., Solis, J., Fernald, A., Sabie, R. (2023, May 15). Using sensitive 3-D Eddy Covariance system to estimate evapotranspiration of young pecan orchard. Presented at the Climate Smart Agriculture Student Symposium at University of Texas Arlington, Arlington, TX, United States.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Preciado, J., Fernald, S., & Heerema, R. (2023, March 6). Comparison of deep percolation in pecan fields under flood and drip irrigation systems. Western Pecan Growers Association Conference and Tradeshow, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Qin, Y., Hong, C., Zhao, H., Siebert, S., Abatzoglou, J. T., Huning, L. S., Sloat, L. L., Park, S., Li, S., Munroe, D. K., Zhu, T., Davis, S. J., & Mueller, N. D. (2022, October 31). Snowmelt risk telecouplings for irrigated agriculture. Nature Climate Change, 12(11), 10071015. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-022-01509-z
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rissing, A., Burchfield, E., Spangler, K., & Schumacher, B. (2023, March 9). Implications of US agricultural data practices for sustainable food systems research. Nature Food, 4(3), 213217. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-023-00711-2
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rodriguez-Flores, J. (2023, August 1). Coupled water-food system analysis of agriculture in Californias San Joaquin valley: Vulnerabilities, adaptations and policy trade-offs. Dissertation, University of California, Merced. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rodr�guez-Flores, J., Gupta, R., Zeff, H., Reed, P., & Medell�n-Azuara, J. (2023, August 27). Identifying robust adaptive irrigation operating policies to balance deeply uncertain economic food production and groundwater sustainability trade-offs. Journal of Environmental Management, 345, 118901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118901
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sabie, R. (2023, July 18). Understanding the impacts of changing cropping patterns on the water budget in the semiarid environment of the Mesilla Valley, New Mexico. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1734391
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sabiston, L. & Sabie, R. (2023, July 17). Water wise: Strategies for drought-resilient real estate. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1732269
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Tawalbeh, Z., & Bawazir, S. (2023, July 17). Assessing satellite-derived OpenET platform evapotranspiration for operational irrigation management of mature pecan orchard in the New Mexico Mesilla Valley. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1732551
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Tawalbeh, Z., & Bawazir, S. (2022, October 21). Comparison of mature pecan orchard OpenET estimates with ground measured values. New Mexico Section ASABE at Southwestern Cotton Ginning Research Lab, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Torres-Rua, A. (2023, July 18). Why we need high-resolution data from UAVs for water balance methods. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1734391
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Yost, M. (2023, July 18). Closed loop alfalfa monitoring to improve irrigation efficiency. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1734391
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Zesiger, C., Barker, B., Null, S., Creech, E., Yost, M., Larsen, R., & Dallin, J. (2023, January). Agriculture water use and economic value in the Great Salt Lake Basin. Utah State University Extension Digital Commons. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3338&context=extension_curall
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Ayres, A., Babbitt, C., Bruno, E., & Wardle, A. (2022, September 28). Designing groundwater markets in practice: Lessons from three California groundwater basins. Property & Environment Research Center (PERC) Policy Brief. In Regan, S. and Edwards, E., Eds. The Future of Water Markets: Obstacles and Opportunities. Property and Environment Research Center. https://www.perc.org/2022/08/18/designing-groundwater-markets-in-practice/
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Tronstad, L., Oleksy, I. A., Preston, D., Gianniny, G., Cook, K., Holley, A., ... & Hotaling, S. (2023, June 6). Despite a century of warming, increased snowfall has buffered the ice phenology of North Americas largest high-elevation lake against climate change. Letter. https://doi.org/10.31223/X5JQ10
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Viers, J. (2022, October 26). Understanding, enabling, and envisioning water management strategies empowered through research. Presented at the 67th Annual New Mexico Water Conference, Las Cruces, New Mexico. https://nmwrri.nmsu.edu/events/events.html
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Viers, J. (2023, July 18). Closing the data gap on consumptive water use in a rapidly changing hydroclimate to better sustain agriculture and ecosystems. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1734391
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Waldman, K. (2022, September 15). Understanding the mobilization of geogenic arsenic in the critical zone during agricultural managed aquifer recharge. Presented at the AGU Chapman Conference on Water Availability, Golden, Colorado.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Waring, E. (2023, July 17). Information sources and flexibility among water decision-makers under climate change. Presented at the American Water Resources Association 2023 Summer Conference, Denver, Colorado. https://events.rdmobile.com/Sessions/Details/1732581
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Calderwood A., & Dahlke, H. (2023, July 17). UC Davis and the Institute for Hydrologic Education (IHE) at Delft, Netherlands.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Ellen, B., & Schweizer, H. (2022, September 27). The futures market for California water: Challenges and policy recommendations. Property & Environment Research Center (PERC) Policy Brief. In Regan, S. and Edwards, E., Eds. The Future of Water Markets: Obstacles and Opportunities. Property and Environment Research Center.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Escriva-Bou A. (2023, July 10). Pantha Rei symposium. https://events.gfz-potsdam.de/panta-rhei
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Escriva-Bou, A., Dettinger, M., Mount, J., and Rosser, A. (2023, April 25). Developing drought indicators for assessing multi-sectoral impacts using a systems approach, EGU General Assembly 2023, Vienna, Austria, 2428 Apr 2023, EGU23-16758. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-16758
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hashemi M., & Yost A. M. (2022, February). Using this Python script, timeseries point data will be obtained, plotted, and exported. Actual evapotranspiration can be calculated by entering csv data that includes the x and y coordinate point and name of the place. The user should provide information such as: point data (in a CSV or an XLSX format), beginning and ending dates, units, and the algorithm. By having a Google account users will be able to run the python script without installing any software or having any experience with Python. http://www.hydroshare.org/resource/3a9ce09762124e348122ed4c8ec753c6
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hashemi, M., & Yost, M. (2023, March 15). Analyzing the potential to use OpenET to estimate the Great Salt Lake watershed's economic footprint. Spring Runoff Conference. Logan, Utah, USA
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Khan, S. (2022, September 29). General circulation models or GCMs: The basis of climate science. American River Conservancy, Climate Stewards Class of 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kiparsky, M. (2022, November 16). Climate disruption is forcing innovation in California water governance. Bay Area MCLE Conference. Marin County Bar Association.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Null S. (2023, March 16). The Future of the Great Salt Lake Wallace Stegner Center 28th Annual Symposium. https://sjquinney.utah.edu/stegner-center/annual-symposium/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Null, S. (2022, September 28). Water banking can help Great Salt Lake. In Regan, S. and Edwards, E., Eds. The Future of Water Markets: Obstacles and Opportunities. Property and Environment Research Center. https://www.perc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/PPR-Water-Markets-220916-WEB.pdf#page=29
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kem C. (2023, February 8). Gardner Policy Institute. Great Salt Lake policy assessment. https://gardner.utah.edu/wp-content/uploads/GSL-Assessment-Feb2023.pdf?x71849
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Schumacher B., Null S., & Hotaling S. (2023, March 21) Workshop for water managers in Utah.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Tronstad, L., Oleksy, I. A., Preston, D., Gianniny, G., Cook, K., Holley, A., ... & Hotaling, S. (2023, June 6). Despite a century of warming, increased snowfall has buffered the ice phenology of North Americas largest high-elevation lake against climate change. https://doi.org/10.31223/X5JQ10
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Yost, M., Barker, B., Gale, J., & Nelson, M. (2023, May 30). Understanding irrigation water optimization. DigitalCommons@USU. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/extension_curall/2343/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Yost, M., T. Sullivan, D. Boren, L. Johnson, M. Mills, E. Creech, B. Kitchen, & R. Violett. (2022, September 9). Guide to drought tolerant crops. Utah State Univ. Ext. Fact Sheet. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3300&context=extension_curall.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hashemi, M. & Yost, M. (2023, March 14). Analyzing the potential to use Open ET to estimate the Great Salt Lake watershed's economic footprint. 2023, Spring Runoff Conference, Logan, Utah, USA
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hashemi M., Yost, M., & Torres, A., (2023, August). Using imagery and machine learning techniques to detect landscaping water use in urban areas. Summer School on Research Data Science, 2023. Summer, Treiste, Italy
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Abatzoglou, J., Faciancani Dourado, G., Rheinheimer D., & Viers, J. (2023, May 1). Climate whiplash in California: too much to bear, too little to handle? Presented at EGU23, the 25th EGU General Assembly, held 23-28 April, 2023 in Vienna, Austria and Online. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2023EGUGA..2510605F/abstract
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Calderwood, A., Rodriguez, A., Foglia, L., & Dahlke, H. (2022, December 15). Setting bounds on levee setback distance to optimize high conductivity pathway use for groundwater recharge. Presented at the AGU Fall Meeting, Chicago, Illinois. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022AGUFM.H46F..04C/abstract
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Clifton, B., Ghezzehei, T., Fremier, A., & Viers, J. (2022, December). Assessing natural flow regime driven floodplain evolution following hydrologic reconnection along the Cosumnes River, California, USA. Presented at the AGU Fall Meeting, Chicago, Illinois. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022AGUFM.H13F..08C/abstract


Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22

Outputs
Target Audience:Secure Water Future targets both academic and public audiences. While our research is most employable by growers, irrigation districts, water managers, and ecosystem managers, climate resilience strategies are of interest to a broad range of stakeholders. In Year One, we focused concerted educational attention on the next generation of water professionals through our K-12 and graduate student programming, which are described in detail in future sections of this report. In both California and Utah, this also included programming with three separate groups amounting to over 70 participants who learned about using drones for data collection. In New Mexico, efforts focused on two constituencies. Firstly, the New Mexico Water Resources Research Institute (WRRI) hosted its 66th Annual Water Meeting that brings statewide decision-makers together to receive a status update on trends and challenges in New Mexico water management. Secondly, New Mexico State University hosted local community college students, many from underserved populations, in a visit about transitioning to a four-year college. Our Extension team surveyed growers, water managers, and ecosystem managers in California, Utah, and New Mexico to inform future efforts. This outreach effort focused on commodity groups, such as the Almond Board and Pecan Growers Association, as well as irrigation districts throughout the project area, which includes California, Utah, and New Mexico. At UC Merced, Secure Water Future hosted the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) and local irrigation districts for a discussion about ways to secure a climate-resilient water future for the San Joaquin Valley. The team also separately hosted a Chilean delegation from Universidad Catolica de Chile and the Chilean Water Ministry, which served as the basis for a successful proposal to NSF for collaborative research on common water resilience themes. Changes/Problems:Multiple research sites were impacted by global supply chain issues, leading to delays in distribution and receipt of measurement equipment. Because these delays were in Year One, the team will be able to adjust our timeline. We were also impacted by visa processing delays for graduate students and postdoctoral scholars. Additional changes to project personnel have been noted appropriately to NIFA. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Our approach to training and professional development is multimodal, with opportunities to increase knowledge and skills at each career stage. All team members have access to a shared Google calendar wherein both internal and external training and professional development opportunities are listed. These include webinars, conferences, lectures, and other content of mutual interest. All team members, regardless of career stage, are also onboarded with materials to facilitate cohesive collaboration across a transdisciplinary and non-collocated team. This includes training in the shared resources and infrastructure of the project and the general guiding principles of Secure Water Future. Undergraduate Student Training At our lead institution, UC Merced, Secure Water Future undergraduate interns are provided with 1:1 mentorship, formal group project management training, and a network of peer support through the Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society (CITRIS) and the Banatao Institute. Through a formal internship opportunity, undergraduate students develop employable skills and an enhanced understanding of the research enterprise. Graduate Student Training Secure Water Future has built a team of leading experts in watershed science, climate science, data science, hydro-economics, and computer science to create a networked approach to graduate student education that is not possible at a single academic institution. While Secure Water Future graduate students apply to and graduate from a single institution, they have access to project partners at five affiliated institutions (UC Merced, UC Davis, UC Berkeley, Utah State University, New Mexico State University) throughout the course of their studies, giving our graduate student affiliates a greater breadth and depth of knowledge. This cross-institutional approach facilitates practical solutions to the greatest issue of our time: climate change. Graduate students associated with Secure Water Future benefit from training and professional development at their institution of enrollment. They are also provided additional opportunities because of the Secure Water Future network, including our Climate Adaptation Science Academy Experiential Learning Expedition (CASA ELE), which builds skills in climate adaptation science, science communication, and transdisciplinary research. In 2022, CASA ELE participants (1) Formed a network of colleagues in climate change and water management; (2) Immersed themselves in current concepts and knowledge related to climate change and adaptations to reduce its negative impacts; (3) Gained integral science communication and team science skills through practical interventions for a lay audience; and (4) Participated in a targeted primer about Utah water, California water, and New Mexico water, facilitating a broader understanding of western water. CASA ELE participants were exposed to a network of academic, non-profit, and governmental organization mentors during their week-long program. Five graduate students were also provided funding in the summer of 2022 to develop research and/or extension materials for Secure Water Future partners. Each of these fellows received mentorship from faculty advisors. Secure Water Future has continued efforts to offer affiliated graduate students professional development opportunities beyond the scope of their individual programs through targeted exercises in collaborative grant writing and a virtual workshop about how to find and approach extramural funding. Specific graduate student training is listed below: Vicky Espinoza (UC Merced), Ph.D. candidate, defended her dissertation "A Framework for Strategic and Equitable Multibenefit Land Repurposing to Sustain Food-Energy-Water Systems and Address Water Injustice in the San Joaquin Valley, California." Ana Grace Alvarado (UC Merced), Ph.D. student, wrote "The Bubble of the Tuolumne River." Britne Clifton (UC Merced), Ph.D. candidate, wrote "The Treasures of the Tuolumne." Gustavo Facincani Dourado (UC Merced), Ph.D. candidate, wrote "Ecohydrology." Sabrina Galvan (New Mexico State University), Ph.D. candidate, wrote "Flow Shapes in the Tuolumne River." Katherine Osorio (Utah State University), Ph.D. candidate, wrote "Tuolumne River: Agriculture and Ecology." Jorge Preciado (New Mexico State University), Ph.D. candidate, wrote "Tuolumne River Water for Agriculture." Jenny Rempel (UC Berkeley), Ph.D. candidate, wrote "Water Rights on the Tuolumne River." José Rodriguez Flores (UC Merced), Ph.D. candidate, wrote "The Value of the Tuolumne River for Agriculture." Liam Sabiston (New Mexico State University), Master's student, wrote "Evapotranspiration Demands of a Restored Hetch Hetchy." Tasnim Shamma (New Mexico State University), Master's student, wrote "Hydrologists in Tuolumne River: Late 1880s vs Now." Kira Waldman (UC Davis), Ph.D. student, wrote "The Early Geologic History of the Tuolumne River Watershed." Transdisciplinary Team Science Training The team initiated Year One of the project with a collaboration planning session bridging training and operational procedures. This practice is "a high-impact intervention to stimulate team-building activities that provide Translational Team members with the skills to lead and participate in high-impact teams."[1] Both the External Evaluator and Program Coordinator provided formal presentations based on prior work about the science of team science for large, non-collocated, transdisciplinary teams. These presentations were followed by group dialogue about effective project participation and management. While collaboration planning typically focuses on common areas of dispute on research teams, Secure Water Future previously considered areas such as budget and resource allocation and team leadership in the proposal stage. Thus, Secure Water Future focused the initial collaboration planning session on dispute avoidance and resolution and authorship agreements. While these areas are not strictly training for the members of the Secure Water Future team, the approach to facilitated dialogue based in the science of team science enhances the understanding of transdisciplinary team functioning and best practices for all members of the project. [1]Rolland, B., Scholl, L., Suryanarayanan, S., Hatfield, P., Judge, K., Sorkness, C., ... & Brasier, A. R. (2021). Operationalization, implementation, and evaluation of collaboration planning: A pilot interventional study of nascent translational teams.Journal of clinical and translational science,5(1). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The Secure Water Future project team has disseminated research findings through targeted engagement opportunities in California, Utah, and New Mexico, including through talks and workshops - these are listed in the Products section of this report. In March 2022, Secure Water Future hosted the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) and local irrigation districts at UC Merced to discuss ways to secure a climate-resilient water future for the San Joaquin Valley. Also in California, the team has collaborated in the monthly UC ANR Water Webinar series, which is a virtual seminar series to provide context and information about water-related issues to those both inside and outside the university. Significant media coverage has been devoted to the work of project partners contributing to Secure Water Future. Links to selected news stories are included below in chronological order: A 7.1 earthquake couldn't kill this Mojave Desert town. But a water war just might. (2021, September 23). Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-09-23/water-war-threatens-desert-town-trona-amid-california-drought UC Merced leads innovative effort to secure water for agriculture and ecosystems. (2021, October 6). UC Merced Newsroom. https://news.ucmerced.edu/news/2021/uc-merced-leads-innovative-effort-secure-water-agriculture-and-ecosystems Historic rain and snow begin to refresh California lakes and mountains. (2021, October 27). Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2021/10/27/california-record-rain-reservoirs-drought/ Google wants to save the planet with satellite images. (2021, November 10).Bloomberg.Com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2021-11-11/google-s-earth-engine-is-helping-scientists-tackle-climate-change-disasters Head above water: Major grant awarded for research on water markets. (2021, November 23).Utah State Today. https://www.usu.edu/today/story/head-above-water-major-grant-awarded-for-research-on-water-markets California considers $500 fines for water wasters as drought worsens, conservation lags. (2021, December 8).Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-12-08/500-fines-proposed-for-water-wasters-amid-deepening-drought UC Merced faculty report ids top climate challenges facing California's Central Valley. (2022, January 12). Sierra Sun Times. https://goldrushcam.com/sierrasuntimes/index.php/news/local-news/35966-uc-merced-faculty-report-ids-top-climate-challenges-facing-california-s-central-valley US plans $50B wildfire fight where forests meet civilization. (2022, January 18). AP News. https://apnews.com/article/wildfires-climate-science-health-business-8176e045e74d61736e4657073bcb1951 Insight with Vicki Gonzalez - San Joaquin Valley climate change. (2022, January 25). CapRadio. https://www.capradio.org/173191 How heat waves, exacerbated by climate change, will be worst for the world's poorest nations. (2022, February 11). PBS NewsHour. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/how-heat-waves-exacerbated-by-climate-change-will-be-worst-for-the-worlds-poorest-nations Extreme dry spell in US West worst "megadrought" in 1,200 years: Study. (2022, February 15). The Business Standard. https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/environment/extreme-dry-spell-us-west-worst-megadrought-1200-years-study-371269 Can we govern large-scale green infrastructure for multiple water benefits?(2022, February 22).Legal Planet. https://legal-planet.org/2022/02/22/can-we-govern-large-scale-green-infrastructure-for-multiple-water-benefits/ California agriculture takes $1.2-billion hit during drought, losing 8,700 farm jobs, researchers find. (2022, February 25).Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-02-25/california-agriculture-takes-1-2-billion-hit-during-drought Water trading can help California's struggling freshwater ecosystems. (2022, April 4). Public Policy Institute of California. https://www.ppic.org/blog/water-trading-can-help-californias-struggling-freshwater-ecosystems/ New study shows robust increases in atmospheric thirst across much of U.S. during past 40 years: Largest changes centered over Rio Grande region of Southwestern U.S.(2022, April 6). ScienceDaily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/04/220406132356.htm As California gets its final winter rains, drought is setting up a water battle. (2022, April 12). PBS NewsHour. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/enduring-drought-compounds-water-pain-for-california-farmers California drought in third year. (2022, April 24).The Tennessee Tribune. http://tntribune.com/california-drought-in-third-year/ New research explores how farmers can help California rebuild its groundwater supply. (2022, April 28).KCRA. https://www.kcra.com/article/new-research-explores-how-farmers-can-help-california-rebuild-groundwater-supply/39840234 California declares unprecedented water restrictions amid drought. (2022, May 5). Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/5/5/california-declares-unprecedented-water-restrictions-amid-drought A drought so bad it exposed a long-ago homicide. Getting the water back will be harder than ever. (2022, May 6). Los Angeles Times. https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2022-05-06/climate-change-makes-it-harder-to-get-water-needed-to-end-california-megadrought Two largest reservoirs in California at "critically low levels."(2022, May 10). International Business Times UK. https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/two-largest-reservoirs-california-critically-low-levels-1699817 We might see a change in the landscape of agriculture in California by 2040: UC-Merced Professor. (2022, June 7).Bloomberg. https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/video/we-might-see-a-change-in-the-landscape-of-agriculture-in-california-by-2040-uc-merced-professor~2458873 Big dam, small dam, no dam--What's the right water answer for this growing Utah community?(2022, June 21). The Salt Lake Tribune. https://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2022/05/12/big-dam-small-dam-no-dam/ Insight with Vicki Gonzalez - California's water market. (2022, June 22). CapRadio. https://www.capradio.org/177497 California's largest reservoirs at critically low levels - signaling a dry summer ahead.(2022, June 24). The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jun/24/california-drought-reservoirs-water-levels California's idle crop land may double as water crisis deepens. (2022, July 17). Business Times. https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/energy-commodities/californias-idle-crop-land-may-double-as-water-crisis-deepens Taking a big leap to solve California water problems: How uncommon partners are finding common ground on the water. (2022, July 21). On the Water Front. https://blogs.edf.org/waterfront/2022/07/21/leap-solve-california-water-problems-uncommon-partners/ New irrigation research and tech helps Utah farmers produce food and save water. (2022, August 3). Utah Public Radio. https://www.upr.org/utah-news/2022-08-03/new-irrigation-research-and-technology-is-helping-utah-farmers-produce-food-and-save-water With California expected to lose 10 percent of its water by 2040, Governor Gavin Newsom outlines new strategy.(2022, August 11). The Globe and Mail. https://www.theglobeandmail.com/world/article-with-california-expected-to-lose-10-per-cent-of-its-water-by-2040/ The great shrinking lake. (2022, August 12). Earth Observatory. https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/150187/the-great-shrinking-lake "The time is now": Researchers have hope for the Great Salt Lake. (2022, August 12).ABC4 Utah. https://www.abc4.com/news/the-time-is-now-researchers-have-hope-for-the-great-salt-lake/ What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In January, project collaborators will meet in-person for a multi-day convening to engage in social network analysis, collaborative writing exercises, game scoping, and extension activity planning. This meeting will be instrumental in pushing forward our goals for Year Two. Specific plans for Year Twoare delineated by individual project teams below: Leadership Team To ensure project cohesion and oversee team collaboration, the Leadership team will meet twice quarterly. Leadership team members are tasked with ensuring cross-team and cross-site synergy. The Leadership team has scoped the American Water Resources Association (AWRA) conference in Denver during the summer of 2023 as a site for group collaboration. Climate Integration To improve the use of actionable information on current water use, seasonal forecasts, and climate projections to inform data-driven decisions made by stakeholders, the Climate Integration team continues to make progress on developing a water data decisions dashboard. Utilizing information captured in the multi-state needs assessment, the Climate Integration team is engaging in targeted semi-structured narrative interviews with key stakeholders during Year Two to further refine development. Simultaneously, the group continues to analyze existing tools and support the other research teams in a consultatory fashion. Markets To examine and understand potential barriers, drivers, and benefits of water trading markets for system flexibility while ensuring equitable solutions, the Markets team will initiate the first of a series of virtual convenings on water measurement and reporting to better understand how institutional context affects the potential for water markets to enhance climate resilience for agriculture and ecosystems in our California, New Mexico, and Utah study areas. The Markets team will further evaluate the potential for water trading markets by looking at the drivers and barriers of market adoption by evaluating market adoption across Groundwater Sustainability Agencies under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act and empirically evaluating market function by collecting data on the Mojave groundwater market. Management To evaluate novel water management strategies, such as aquifer recharge and water banking, to secure water for beneficial uses during prolonged drought conditions, the Management team continues to work toward identifying suitable recharge sites that increase instream flows, groundwater storage, groundwater levels, and water availability during droughts. To move forward work on water banking strategies and management decisions, the Management team is collaborating on a paper to define key terms for stakeholders and interrogate how those same concepts are actualized and informed across our study sites. Measurement To improve accuracy and reduce uncertainty in water budgets to inform management decisions, the Measurement team is in the process of submitting a scoping review of the ways people are engaging in water budgets, which includes a list of different methods, hardware, and models for water budgets. Once all study sites have acquired their measurement equipment, which has been delayed in some cases because of supply chain issues, the Measurement team will enhance efforts to quantify groundwater stores across study sites and assess environmental life cycle sustainability. Transdisciplinary Team Science (New) To enhance the practice of transdisciplinary team science for both the Secure Water Future team and other large, non-collocated teams addressing pressing societal issues, Secure Water Future is creating a new Transdisciplinary Team Science team in Year Two. This team will focus initially on practical team science issues such as the form and function of authorship agreements and a paper about collaboration planning with large, non-collocated teams. Extension To develop and implement a multifaceted extension and outreach program that looks at the changing knowledge, behavior, and attitudes toward securing a climate-resilient water future for agriculture and ecosystems, the Extension team is planning stakeholder workshops and a Year Two field day. Education To develop and disseminate curricular content to reflect the research foci of Secure Water Future for various audiences, the Education team will continue the middle school-focused Super Soaker Water Academy (SSWA) summer program, graduate student Climate Adaptation Science Academy Experiential Learning Expedition (CASA ELE), and graduate student fellowships. Additionally, the Education team is enhancing programming by creating a cross-institutional graduate class that will begin in either Year Two or Year Three, expanding K-12 curriculum to New Mexico and Utah, and initiating a pre-design summit for our digital game.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Secure Water Future's primary goal is to secure water for a climate resilient future for agricultural production and environmental sustainability. The project seeks innovation and discovery in science and engineering to achieve water security for agriculture, ecosystems, and communities. Our work has an impact across the drought-prone Southwestern US, most immediately affecting growers, water managers, and ecosystem managers in California, Utah, and New Mexico. Needs Assessment In Year One, we focused attention on a needs assessment to establish baseline data on growers', water managers' ecosystem managers', and other stakeholder needs and barriers. We explored the potential of web-based tools, informed by strategic measurements, and water markets to overcome current water-related challenges. To achieve this, we distributed an online survey from March 2022 to September 2022 to (1) Identify current water-related challenges and barriers; (2) Determine the current access and use of web-based climate and water management tools among growers and managers; (3) Explore attitudes towards water market adoption among growers and managers. We are collating the results from this survey for distribution via a peer-reviewed article that is in progress after receiving 91 complete responses across states and some level of response from 168 respondents in California, 27 in New Mexico, and 89 in Utah (284 total). This article will also include an analysis of an additional MKTURK survey distributed to increase the number of respondents in each state. The MKTURK survey included 474 additional useable responses across the three states. Educational Programming The Secure Water Future team initiated three major educational programs in the summer of 2022, which will continue into future years of the project. These included a middle school summer camp, a graduate student fellowship program, and a graduate student Climate Adaptation Science Academy Experiential Learning Expedition (CASA ELE). Middle School Summer Camp Augmenting grade 6 and 7 curriculum, our weeklong program engaged 24 middle school students from the Central Valley of California in interactive educational programming about water. Starting with the water cycle, students gained an understanding of how and where water is stored and utilized in the heavily populated and agriculturally dominant state of California. Capitalizing on this understanding, students then developed a conceptual sense of how water access intersects with the various economic and social needs of users. By the end of the week, students developed a heightened awareness of the relationship between water, agriculture, climate change, and the need for technological enhancements. Educational programming was punctuated by water-based activities, including kayaking. Our survey of participants indicated that those who joined our week-long Super Soaker Water Academy gained scientific knowledge including comprehension of such concepts as evapotranspiration, the water cycle, and water contamination. Participants also benefited from the social dynamics of the program, with one stating, "I am very happy I got to go here to have fun and make friends. I am also happy that I got to learn about water." Graduate Student CASA Fellowships Five graduate students from our partner institutions were selected as the inaugural cohort for the Secure Water Future CASA Fellowship. Through this cohort-based fellowship, each student received $8,000 in summer funding and was expected to develop research and/or extension materials for Secure Water Future partners. The projects varied in size and scope with direction provided by faculty mentors at the local institutions. Many of these projects are ongoing. Graduate Student Climate Adaptation Science Academy Experiential Learning Expedition (CASA ELE) Over a week in August, 11 graduate students from partner institutions traveled by van and raft with faculty and water management mentors to experience first-hand the semi-arid Western US and its water, agricultural, and natural resources infrastructure and processes for decision-making. This experiential trip included meeting the people who affect and are affected by water and agricultural management choices. Our Experiential Learning Expedition is based on successful educational models, including the UC Water Academy and USU Climate Adaptation Science program, and spans the regional water management cycle. In 2022, the engagement covered: · Hydroclimatic conditions and future prospects; · Surface water, including headwaters and monitoring stations, reservoirs, and rivers; · Groundwater management; · Environmental water management; · Wildfire and changing landscapes; · Reconciling agriculture and ecosystems: current and alternative land uses and multi- benefit land use. Through the program, graduate students cultivated a greater understanding of western water problems and solutions, developed connections to their research, and built written products to share their experiences with the broader population through science communication materials that the rafting guides can share on future trips. Research Team Accomplishments Climate Integration Our Climate Integration research team aims to improve the use of actionable information on current water use, seasonal forecasts, and climate projections to inform data-driven decisions made by stakeholders. In Year One, the team focused on: (1) surveying existing water-centric decision support tools and accessible climate and water data feeds; (2) designing our water data exchange platform; and (3) coordinating on common climate science questions with the Groundwater USDA SAS CAP project led by UC Davis. Markets Our Markets research team aims to examine and understand the potential barriers, drivers, and benefits of water trading markets for system flexibility while ensuring equitable solutions. In Year One, the team focused on: (1) the outline and literature review of a "trading sustainably" journal article; (2) collecting summary statistics of the Mojave groundwater market related to information barriers, market power, the environment, and discount factor; (3) defining potential case studies; (4) and developing water measurement methods workshops for future years of the project. Management Our Management research team aims to evaluate novel water management strategies, such as aquifer recharge and water banking, to secure water for beneficial uses during prolonged drought conditions. In Year One, the team focused on: (1) framing the waterscape across California, New Mexico, and Utah; (2) cataloging assets, including models with scope of parameters (e.g., spatiotemporal extent, resolution, and driving variables); and (3) comparing model approaches and outcomes. Measurement Our Measurement research team aims to improve accuracy and reduce uncertainty in water budgets to inform management decisions. In Year One, the team focused on: (1) identification and the beginning of interaction with collaborators, study sites, and data sources; (2) nearing completion of a methodological scoping review; and (3) setting up measurement monitoring sites and initiating data collection efforts across the project.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Bernacchi, L. (2021, December 2). Small investments lead to great results for diverse talent [Academic roundtable]. Enel Foundation Conference, Online. https://www.enelfoundation.org/content/dam/enel-foundation/news/2021/11/inclusive-business-as-a-shared-value-opportunity--creating-profitable-solutions-by-meeting-social-needs/ENG%20-%20AGENDA%20INCLUSIVE%20BUSINESS.pdf
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Visser, A., Kniffin, M., Deinhart, A., Gooch, B., Esposito, C., Bair, N., Stillinger, T., Foglia, L., Dahlke, H. E., & Dozier, J. (2021, December 13). A headwaters-to-groundwater analysis of the climate sensitivity of the Mt Shasta River Basin: Integrating hydrogeology, remote sensing, particle tracking, and isotopic tracers [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/916139
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Dahlke, H. E., Murphy, N. P. P., Levintal, E., & Ganot, Y. (2021, December 13). Impact of managed aquifer recharge on critical zone processes in agricultural landscapes [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/936119
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Pensky, J. L., Fisher, A. T., Gorski, G., Bautista, V., Serafin, L., Calderwood, A., Gooch, B., Foglia, L., & Dahlke, H. E. (2021, December 13). Linking physical infiltration processes to changes in water quality and the potential to address legacy contaminants during flood-managed aquifer recharge [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/899721
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Alizadeh, M. R., Abatzoglou, J., Adamowski, J. F., & Sadegh, M. (2021, December 13). Increasing global vulnerability to heatwaves [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/922002#!
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Harter, T., Kouba, C., Kourakos, G., Henri, C. V., Santos, N., Cao, Z., Xing, Z., & Foglia, L. (2021, December 13). Environmental enforcement monitoring at the food-water interface: Measuring Regulatory Land Management performance with comparative integrated hydrologic simulations [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/969236
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Escriva-Bou, A., Pauloo, R., & Lewis, S. (2021, December 14). Assessing risks of water shortages for small communities in California's Central Valley by forecasting groundwater elevation and predicting well failure [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/914889
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Kourakos, G., Bigelow, D., Wallander, S., & Dahlke, H. E. (2021, December 14). A multi-objective optimization framework for Agricultural Managed Aquifer Recharge [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/912026
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Ficklin, D. L., Null, S. E., Abatzoglou, J., Novick, K. A., & Myers, D. T. (2021, December 14). Hydrological intensification is poised to increase uncertainty for water resources management [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/900449
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Klassert, C. J. A., Yoon, J., Sigel, K., Klauer, B., Talozi, S., Lachaut, T., Selby, P. D., Knox, S., Avisse, N., Thilmant, A., Harou, J. J., Mustafa, D., Medellin-Azuara, J., Bataineh, B., Zhang, H., Gawel, E., & Gorelick, S. M. (2021, December 14). The role of informal tanker water markets in intermittent urban water supply systems [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/987866
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Zhang, W., Yost, M., Wang, & Chikamoto, Y. (2021, December 14). Modeling the climate-water-food nexus in Utah [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/987489
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Viers, J. (2021, December 1). Statewide issue forum - innovations in agriculture [presentation]. ACWA Fall 2021, Pasadena, CA, United States. https://vimeo.com/658798742/87a0a3250a
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Steele, C. M., & McCarty, J. L. (2021, December 15). Emerging agroecosystem adaptation, mitigation, monitoring, and assessment trends III [Poster presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Session/149756
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Mueller, R., Reyes, J. J., McCarty, J. L., & Steele, C. M. (2021, December 15). Emerging agroecosystem adaptation, mitigation, monitoring, and Assessment Trends II [Conference Presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Session/129548
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Peterson, C., Elias, E., Steele, C. M., & Swanston, C. (2021, December 15). Informing adaptation and mitigation actions through the adaptation workbook [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/961413
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Calderwood, A., Rodriguez, A., Foglia, L., & Dahlke, H. E. (2021, December 15). Modeling the impact of levee setback on groundwater recharge and stream flow and temperature for ecosystem and anthropogenic needs [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/827251
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Serafin, L., Pensky, J. L., Fisher, A. T., Gooch, B., Foglia, L., Calderwood, A., Dahlke, H. E., Bautista, V., & Gorski, G. (2021, December 15). The addition of carbon amendments during managed aquifer recharge and their impacts on water quality and enhancement of Denitrification [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/803373
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Rad, A. M., Kreitler, J., Abatzoglou, J., Fallon, K., Roche, K., & Sadegh, M. (2021, December 16). Disentangling the climate and anthropocentric stressors' impacts on the desiccation of the hamun lakes [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/988469
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Li, L., & Medellin-Azuara, J. (2021, December 15). Co-benefits of Managed Aquifer Recharge in California: Integrated assessment of climate and land use change impacts on agriculture with spatial explicit ecosystem service analysis [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/834710
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Fandino, J. A. V., Dogrul, C., Flores, J. M. R., Zeff, H. B., Bou, A. S. F., & Medellin-Azuara, J. (2021, December 15). Groundwater storage change emulator for the Great Kern County Region, California [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/951740
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Fisher, A. T., Camara, K., Gorski, G., Serrano, A., Pensky, J. L., Beganskas, S., McCarthy, E., Kiparsky, M., Sherman, L., Lockwood, B. S., & Lurie, L. (2021, December 15). Recharge net metering to enhance water supplies, water quality, and Hydrologic System Services, and incentivize stakeholder engagement [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/901478
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Medellin-Azuara, J., Escriva-Bou, A., Viers, J. H., & Abatzoglou, J. (2021, December 16). Economic impacts of the 2020-2021 California drought on agriculture: Insights from early stages of groundwater sustainability regulation and the role of forecasting [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/933483
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Levintal, E., Huang, L., Coyotl, A., Horwath, W. R., Rodrigues, J. L. M., & Dahlke, H. E. (2021, December 16). Agricultural managed groundwater recharge: Interrelation of Nitrogen Cycling and Hydrology [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/835715
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Levintal, E., Ganot, Y., Suvo?arev, K., & Dahlke, H. E. (2021, December 16). An underground, wireless, open-source, low-cost system for monitoring oxygen, temperature, and soil moisture [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/835744
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Murphy, N. P. P., & Dahlke, H. E. (2021, December 16). Modeling nitrate leaching potential during agricultural managed aquifer recharge using a conditional, reactive transport model [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/899268
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Ficklin, D. L., Null, S. E., Abatzoglou, J. T., Novick, K. A., & Myers, D. T. (2022). Hydrological intensification will increase the complexity of water resource management. Earths Future, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1029/2021EF002487?
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Khan, S. (2022, March 9). Assimilating remotely sensed data into SWAT model for predicting crop evapotranspiration [Presentation]. University of California, Agriculture and Natural Resources Annual Water Program Meeting.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Medelin-Azuara, J. (2022, March 18). 2021 drought economic impacts [Presentation]. Securing a Climate Resilient Water Future for the San Joaquin Valley, Merced, CA, United States. https://securewaterfuture.net/research
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Kondal, A., Liu, M., Hegewisch, K., Abatzoglou, J., Brady, M., Adam, J. C., & Rajagopalan, K. (2021, December 16). What is the skill of downscaled seasonal forecasts for agriculture-relevant variables [Conference presentation]? AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/992254
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Xu, C., Adam, J. C., Rajagopalan, K., Abatzoglou, J., & Liu, M. (2021, December 16). How do hydroclimatic and agricultural variables respond to the el ni�o-southern oscillation [Conference presentation]? AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/999767
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Melton, F. S., Huntington, J. L., Grimm, R., Herring, J., Hall, M., Erickson, T., Allen, R. G., Anderson, M., Bromley, M., Carrara, W., Daudert, B., Doherty, C., Dunkerly, C., Fisher, J. B., Friedrichs, M. K., Guzman, A., Hain, C., Halverson, G., Hansen, J., & Yang, Y. (2021, December 16). OpenET: Operational evapotranspiration data for water management in the Western United States [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/984246
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Null, S. E. (2021, December 16). Integrating science and art to improve water resources education for the General Public [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/993588
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Pasner, Y., Kourakos, G., & Dahlke, H. E. (2021, December 17). Coordinating agricultural land idling and managed aquifer recharge to prevent domestic well failure [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/833434
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Novick, K. A., Ficklin, D. L., Baldocchi, D. D., Davis, K. J., Ghezzehei, T. A., Konings, A., Macbean, N., Raoult, N., Scott, R. L., Shi, Y., Sulman, B. N., & Wood, J. D. (2021, December 17). Confronting the water potential information gap [Conference presentation]. AGU, New Orleans, LA, United States. https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm21/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/858830
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Bernacchi, L. (2022, January 13). Feeding ourselves in the future [Panel discussion]. ARCS Foundation, online. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9w8FsglQbHc
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Parker, L. E., Zhang, N., Abatzoglou, J. T., Ostoja, S. M., & Pathak, T. B. (2022). Observed changes in agroclimate metrics relevant for specialty crop production in California. Agronomy, 12(1), 205. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010205
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Viers, J. (2022, March 18). Recent advances in data integration to build climate resilience [Presentation]. Securing a Climate Resilient Water Future for the San Joaquin Valley, Merced, CA, United States. https://securewaterfuture.net/research?
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Bruno, E. (2022, March 18). Potential benefits of water markets as climate adaptation strategy [Presentation]. Securing a Climate Resilient Water Future for the San Joaquin Valley, Merced, CA, United States. https://securewaterfuture.net/research?
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Abatzoglou, J. (2022, March 18). State of the state for climate and drought [Presentation]. Securing a Climate Resilient Water Future for the San Joaquin Valley, Merced, CA, United States. https://securewaterfuture.net/research?
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Viers, J. (2022, March 19). Just water - quenching our thirst today, tomorrow [Presentation]. The California-Nevada United Methodist Women, online. https://elcaminoreal.cnumc.org/event/cn-umw-just-water-16375123?
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Albano, C. M., Abatzoglou, J. T., McEvoy, D. J., Huntington, J. L., Morton, C. G., Dettinger, M. D., & Ott, T. J. (2022). A multidataset assessment of climatic drivers and uncertainties of recent trends in evaporative demand across the continental united states. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 23(4), 505519. https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM-D-21-0163.1?
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Khan, S. & Eriksson, M. (2022, April 18). Mapping perceived impacts of management actions on forests that are vulnerable to high-severity wildfire [Poster presentation]. USDA SAS Project Meeting, Kansas City, MO, United States.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Ontiveros, S. G., Bawazir, A. S., Solis, J., Fernald, A., & Sabie, R. (2022, May 16). Evapotranspiration of young pecan orchard in the Mesilla Valley, NM [Conference presentation]. 18th Annual RMSAWWA/RMWEA Student Conference hosted by the University of New Mexico (UNM) RMSAWWA/RMWEA Student Chapter, Albuquerque, NM, United States. ?
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Tawalbeh, Z., Bawazir, A. S., Sabie, R., & Fernald, A. Spatiotemporal variability of alfalfa ET under farming practices in the Mesilla Valley [Conference presentation]. 18th Annual RMSAWWA/RMWEA Student Conference hosted by the University of New Mexico (UNM) RMSAWWA/RMWEA Student Chapter, Albuquerque, NM, United States.?
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Preciado, J., Fernald, A., & Heerema, R. (2022, June 19-24). Comparison of water movement in pecan fields under different irrigation scenarios: implications to the water cycle [Conference presentation]. Frontiers in Hydrology AGU, San Juan, PR, United States.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Dourado, G. F., Hestir, E. L., & Viers, J. H. (2022). Establishing reservoir surface area-storage capacity relationship using landsat imagery. IGARSS 2022 - 2022 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 863866. https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS46834.2022.9884132
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rosenberg, D. E. (2022). Invest in farm water conservation to curtail buy and dry. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 148(8), 01822001. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0001584
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Yost, M. (2022, August 4). Prioritizing water use to save Utah farms and beat drought [Presentation]. USU Research Landscapes, Salt Lake City, UT, United States. https://research.usu.edu/landscapes/events/water-optimization-on-utah-farms?
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Crookston, B., T. Peters, M. Yost, and B. Barker. 2022. Water loss and recovery of irrigation systems. Utah State Univ. Ext. Fact Sheet. https://extension.usu.edu/crops/research/irrigation-water-loss-and-recovery
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hanak, E. & Escriva-Bou, A. (2021, November 15-17). Seizing the drought: water priorities for our changing climate [Conference]. Public Policy Institute of California, online. https://www.ppic.org/event/seizing-the-drought-water-priorities-for-our-changing-climate/?
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Fernandez-Bou, A. S., Ortiz-Partida, J. P., Classen-Rodriguez, L. M., Pells, C., Dobbin, K. B., Espinoza, V., Rodr�guez-Flores, J. M., Thao, C., Hammond Wagner, C. R., Fencl, A., Flores-Landeros, H., Maskey, M. L., Cole, S. A., Azamian, S., Gami�o, E., Guzman, A., Alvarado, A. G. F., Campos-Mart�nez, M. S., Weintraub, C., & Medell�n-Azuara, J. (2021). 3 challenges, 3 errors, and 3 solutions to integrate frontline communities in climate change policy and research: Lessons from California. Frontiers in Climate, 3, 717554. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.717554?
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Willis, A. D., Rheinheimer, D. E., Yarnell, S. M., Facincani Dourado, G., Rallings, A. M., & Viers, J. H. (2022). Shifting trade-offs: Finding the sustainable nexus of hydropower and environmental flows in the San Joaquin River watershed, California. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 10, 787711. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.787711
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Maskey, M. L., Facincani Dourado, G., Rallings, A. M., Rheinheimer, D. E., & Viers, J. H. (2022). Assessing Hydrological Alteration Caused by Climate Change and Reservoir Operations in the San Joaquin River Basin, California. Frontiers in Environmental Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2022.765426?
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Fernandez-Bou, A. S., Ortiz-Partida, J. P., Dobbin, K. B., Flores-Landeros, H., Bernacchi, L. A., & Medell�n-Azuara, J. (2021). Underrepresented, understudied, underserved: Gaps and opportunities for advancing justice in disadvantaged communities. Environmental Science & Policy, 122, 92100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.04.014