Source: CLEMSON UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
DEVELOPING A NATIONAL TEAM TO OPTIMIZE NON-HERBICIDE WEED MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES IN COLE AND LEAFY GREEN CROPS
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1027429
Grant No.
2021-51181-35856
Cumulative Award Amt.
$50,000.00
Proposal No.
2021-07806
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2021
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2023
Grant Year
2021
Program Code
[SCRI]- Specialty Crop Research Initiative
Recipient Organization
CLEMSON UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
CLEMSON,SC 29634
Performing Department
Plant & Environmental Sciences
Non Technical Summary
Weed management in vegetables can be difficult due to a shrinking labor pool for handweeding and a lack of effective herbicides. More research and extension efforts need to focus on integrating vegetable breeding with robotic weeding to improve non-chemical weed control. Robotic weed control has been implemented by some vegetable growers but is not universally adapted by growers. This proposal focuses on bringing together weed scientists, plant breeders, engineers, robotic company representatives, extension agents and growers to identify strategies and allocate resources for improved non-chemical weed control in vegetable crops. Goals and objectives for a future SCRI research and extension proposal will be developed through a webinar, two in person planning meetings and a grower survey. Growers and extension agents from six states will be participating in the project, thus we wil get multiple perpsectives from inidividuals directly involved or supporting diversified vegetable production across the country.The on farm tours in both South Carolina and California are included to allow for the Co-PDs and collaborators to observe the challenges that growers in different parts of the country implement non-chemical or reduced chemical weed management practices. Ideally, these activities will prime objective development for a comprehensive SCRI research and extension proposal in 2023.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
25%
Applied
50%
Developmental
25%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
21314401140100%
Knowledge Area
213 - Weeds Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
1440 - Cole crops;

Field Of Science
1140 - Weed science;
Goals / Objectives
The planning activities outlined in this proposal will enable our team to devise metrics necessary for quantifying the effectiveness of weed management strategies as well as socioeconomic costs and benefits of current and future vegetable production systems. The outcomes of the proposed three-step project planning process (industry web conference, stakeholder survey, proposal planning meetings) will benefit vegetable growers and agricultural robotics industry by enabling us to develop relevant and realistic research and extension efforts informed by the vegetable industry stakeholders. Our planning process will also help us develop a timely and impactful full SCRI proposal.
Project Methods
A 20-25 question survey tool will be developed by our project team. For the survey, human subjects research proposals will be submitted to The Clemson University Institutional Review Board (IRB) within the Office of Responsible Research Practices. Once any necessary edits are made and IRB approval is granted, we will evaluate each survey by assembling a focus group of relevant stakeholders along with project co-PIs and collaborators who have experience in stakeholder survey development. The focus groups will be convened online using Zoom video conferencing software (Zoom Video Communications Inc., San Jose, CA) and consist of 20 stakeholders from diverse geographical regions . Following input from focus group participants, postcards inviting participants to complete an online survey will be disseminated to 100 growers and 25 extension agents in each of the six states (California, Florida, Michigan, New York, New Jersey, and South Carolina). In addition to quantifying the weed management prefered by our stakeholders, our survey instrument will also collect demographic and socio-economic data regarding respondent gender, age, zip code, education, race, and income.The majority of the funding we request will be used to host two separate planning meetings for PIs and key personnel. The goal of the first meeting will be to discuss survey results, highlight opportunities that allow robotics companies and vegetable breeders to showcase new technologies to extension personnel. A second meeting will be held with a subset of project participants to develop the resulting research and extension priorities into a full FY2023 SCRI SREP.

Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/23

Outputs
Target Audience:This planning grant facilitated engagement activities to identify grower weed control needs and interest in novel weed control technology. This included a hybrid (in-person and virtual) organizational meeting at the 2022 Southeastern Fruit and Vegetable Expo conference in Savannah, GA, where representatives from the robotic weeding industry (Farmwise, Stout, Nexus, and Clearpath Robotics) engaged with Eastern cole crop and leafy greens growers, cooperative extension personnel, university weed scientists, agricultural engineers, and sociologists to describe and demonstrate novel equipment. It also included a presentation from a European expert in non-chemical weed control, Dr. Davide Rizzo, who presented on the progress of autonomous weed control in Europe. This information was valuable as European farm size and cropping system dynamics are analogous to Eastern diversified vegetable farms. A second meeting occurred in Salinas, CA, where Dr. Steve Fennimore hosted a robotic weed control field day to highlight the operation and performance of the technologies underproduction conditions. More than a dozen companies, which included the aforementioned manufacturers, as well as Mantis Ag, Carbon Robotics, and Naio Technologies, among others, participated in this event which drew more than two hundred growers, crop consultants, and other interested parties from across the western US. While at this meeting, the grant investigators met individually and collectively with stakeholders to obtain feedback about the benefits and limitations to the equipment on display. These observations and interactions were used to finalize an electronic stakeholder survey focused on describing current weed management practices and weed control needs, elucidating factors influencing weed control success, determining the interest in novel technology, and identifying the barriers to the adoption of robotic weeders. Surveys were distributed, nationwide, to cole crop and leafy greens growers, crop consultants, and extension personnel, and other industry affiliates. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?See section in target audience. Multiple education sessons that included growers and agents as well as a field day were synthesized in this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of the survery were disseminated at the Weed Science Society of America National meeting in Washington DC. Growers were able to work with members of the robotic weed control industry at the field day in Salinas, CA. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A survery with over 140 respondents from across the country was analyzed and presented at theNational Weed Science Society meeting. Furthermore, PIs, collaborators and stakeholders participated in a robotic weed control field day. These activities supported the submission of an SCRI full preproposal submission. .

Publications


    Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22

    Outputs
    Target Audience:During this reporting period the group has met in a hybrid format at the Southeastern Fruit and Vegetable and listened to presentations from robotic weed control companies as well as experts in Europe who focus on non-herbicide based systems in specialty crops. Extension agents and growers were also present. After the presentations, we began to develop a survery that was targeted to determineinterest of leafy green and cole crop growers regarding robotic weed control. A 2nd meeting was hosted in person in Salinas CA. At this meeting the group was able to interact with dozens of robotics companies at a robotic weed control field day hosted by UC Davis. We finalized the growers survery after the meeting in California. After going through the Clemson IRB office we submitted a Qualtrics survey to leafy greens growers throughout the US on August 25th. Changes/Problems:The Savannah meeting was hyrbid as opposed to in person and several of the companies were not able to attend. Using the hybrid format we were still able to begin planning for a field day that was ultimately successful and begin identifying parameters to use in the grower survey, which was distributed across the US at the end of August. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The whole group was able to gain valuable experience by seeing the autononous weeders in person. The PD received some training in qualtrics survey development. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The survey was submitted to horticultural extensionagents and cole crop and leafy greens growers througout the US on August 25th. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will report the results of the survey and begin writing a full USDA-SCRI proposal for 2023. Several of the scientists will also be attending the FIRA AG Robotics and TEchnology forum to revisit with members of the agricultural robotics community.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? We were able to meet virtually with members of the robotics industry as well as experts in autononous weed control from Europe in January of 2022. In June of that year we met as a team in Salinas California for a roboics field day. At the field day reps from a dozen companies were able to test their robotic weeder on a raised lettuce bed. We were able to inspect the weeders and talk to the engineers from each company. Many of the company reps expressed an interest in conducting field days in the midwest and eastern regions of the country. After the field day we met in person and then virtually to develop a survey to send to growers to gauge their interest in robotic weed control as well as demographics relating to farm size, economics and geography.

    Publications