Progress 09/01/23 to 08/31/24
Outputs
Target Audience:The primary target audience includes stakeholders involved in canola production in the rainfed areas of the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW). This includes farmers, crop commodity groups, crop consultants, and companies associated with agriculture in the region. Other audience members include researchers from both the public and private sectors, and those individuals or groups interested in canola production in the PNW. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Three graduate students conducted research in plant breeding/genetics, molecular genetics and/or plant pathology. Six undergraduate students were trained in aspects of laboratory, greenhouse and field trials throughout the summer and as part-time employees during the academic year. There were also six technicians that contributed to the research and extension efforts on a part-time basis and participated in varying degrees in field days and workshops to gain knowledge about canola production and breeding. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of these studies have been disseminated using a variety of means including presentations at Cereal Schools, grower meetings, workshops, field days, and professional meetings. Approximately 1,225 direct contacts were made with stakeholdersthrough these various educational events held in Idaho, Washington and Montana. Information on variety trials was reported on the University of Idaho canola website and the PNW Canola Association website as well as handed out as flyers and field days and Cereal Schools. It is vital that this knowledge be delivered widely to local growers and the industry so that innovative ideas can be readily adopted by growers to increase success of canola production and acreage. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?No significant changes from the proposal are planned and we will continue to conduct research and extension trials as outlined in the proposal and addressing the four objectives discussed in this report.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Obj. 1: Approximately 120 F3 entries (80 winter canola and 40 winter industrial rapeseed) were planted in the fall of 2023 at Moscow. Due to mild winter temperatures, no winter damage was observed among the entries in the spring of 2024. The F7 winter canola lines were dropped in 2023 due to poor winter survival and inadequate seed yield during the 2022-23 growing season. Advanced yield trials for 16 F6/F10 lines were planted in two locations in the fall of 2023. The plants are currently at the late flowering stage. Six F6 lines have been selected for seed increase for advanced yield trials. For spring canola, 28 F4 spring canola lines were evaluated for seed yield in 2023 and 12 were selected for advancement based on yield performance. Bulk sample analysis of F5 seeds revealed that seven out of 12 entries have high glucosinolates, two are intermediate and three are low in glucosinolate. F5 seeds from seven entries low in erucic acid were planted in the greenhouse during the winter of 2024. Selected 110 F6 lines were planted at the Moscow, ID research farm in the spring of 2024. Half seed analysis for erucic acid was conducted with seeds of five high-yielding F5 entries out of 12 selected. Three entries with high yield, low glucosinolate and low erucic acid were included in the PNW spring variety trials for 2024. Yield trials with 12 F5 entries and two checks were planted at two locations in northern Idaho this spring. New crosses were made during the winter of 2024 targeting high yield and G2 herbicide resistance. Four high-yielding F5 lines and four UI-released lines (two rapeseed and two canola) were used as parents in the crosses. Other research activities have been focused on using a transgenic approach to exploit novel and PPR-type resistance genes to improve resistance to blackleg disease and abiotic stresses. Standard crossings were conducted between homozygous Br1033-OX-4 and Br8468-OX-5 lines to pyramid PPR genes. F1 plants containing both Br1033 and Br8486 transgenes were obtained and verified by PCR assay. More than 120 F1 hemizygous seeds were sowed on MS medium containing kanamycin to select transgenes. During vernalization of these lines, more than 100 seedlings were verified by PCR assay. Genomic DNA was isolated from 102 seedlings, more than 400 PCR reactions were conducted using both Br1033 and Br8486 transgene-specific primers. More than 80 transgenic plants harboring both Br1033 and Br8486 transgenes were identified, transported to the greenhouse for maturation, and seeds have been collected. We have begun to further verify the F3 populations to obtain Br1033-OX/Br8486-OX homozygous transgenic populations for pathogen assay. To improve the abiotic stress tolerance in winter canola varieties, transgenic canola lines were developed that overexpress both RC12A and Br1033 transgenes. F2 populations have been generated and we are currently verifying the homozygous RC12A-OX/Br1033-OX transgenic canola lines. Our research results provide proof-of-concept for genetically engineering canola for improved blackleg-resistance and abiotic tolerance. Winter canola variety trials for the 2023-24 growing season were seeded in the fall of 2023 at four locations in Idaho and Washington. Fall growth was excellent at all four sites and crops are currently at the late flowering stage. Winter injury was only observed at the Davenport site in Washington and cultivars with cold tolerance performed similarly in 2023 and 2024. A UI-bred winter canola line 16.WC.105.14.12 show promise as a particularly winter hardy line for future evaluation. For 2024, 38 spring canola entries from multiple private sources and the UI canola breeding program are being evaluated at eight locations in Idaho and Washington. In addition, a spring canola variety trial was established in Montana that included 21 entries. Yield trial data generated by these trials are used by growers and seed dealers to determine regional adaptability of new cultivars to optimize performance of winter and spring canola in the region. Obj. 2: A large long-term study was initiated in 2014 to examine spring canola, chickpea, and spring wheat in rotation with recrop winter wheat and then spring wheat. This site has already gone through two complete rotations (years 1-6) and a third one (years 7-9) has been initiated. We have a location with Year 9 (spring wheat) planted and a location with Year 10 planted (treatment plots) and subsequent crop production is being assessed. The original location initiated in 2014 was dropped because of a heavy downy brome population and a new location was established in 2023 with spring pea replacing SW. Data collection this summer will include yield, grain quality and economic performance between the three rotations, including gross returns and production costs of the three treatment crops and subsequent crop production. The treatment plots were seeded in April 2024 with a plot drill and will be harvested with a commercial combine. This year the study was altered, and spring wheat was replaced with spring pea because the spring wheat treatment had a severe downy brome infestation. Subsequent winter wheat crop was seeded in September 2023 with a commercial no-till drill and plots will be harvest with a commercial combine. Obj. 3: Fungicide field trials were established at three locations in northern Idaho. The purpose of these trials is to examine the efficacy of different foliar fungicides to manage blackleg in winter canola. Canola was planted in the fall of 2023 and all fungicide applications were made in early April of 2024 at all locations with the exception of a Priaxor Xemium treatment that was applied in both the fall and spring. The treatments include Priaxor Xemium at high rate applied in both the fall and the spring, Priaxor Xemium at high rate in spring only, Quadris at high rate, Miravis Neo, Tilt at high rate, and a no fungicide control. Disease assessment and agronomic measurements will be collected. Disease incidence was extremely low in 2023 due to warm and dry spring conditions. Despite some leaf lesions early in the season, there were no stems with blackleg symptoms and significant difference in yield between treatments. Previous fungicide efficacy results demonstrated that only Miravis Neo and Priaxor Xemium applied twice during the growing season significantly reduced disease incidence, although all fungicide treatments had lower disease incidence than the non-treated control. Burkard spore samplers were deployed at two winter canola fields for a fifth year of sampling. The traps were deployed in August of 2023 and were in operation until December of 2023. The traps were redeployed in March of 2024 as snow melted and temperatures began to warm. Tapes collected from these traps have been sectioned into daily segments and are awaiting microscopic examination as well as processing using qPCR to determine the quantity of L. maculans present and dates when spores were released. Weather stations are deployed at each of the field sites to monitor air temperature, precipitation and humidity. Data from previous years suggest that ascospores are being released in both the fall and spring months in northern Idaho. Obj. 4: Large-scale winter and spring canola variety trials were established in Washington for harvest in 2024 and will be used as part of education events in 2024. A number of educational events occurred during the winter months in Idaho, Oregon and Washington. These included grower meetings, workshops, field days and other extension education programs. Topics relevant to canola production included crop establishment, disease and insect management, weed management, fertility, harvest, and general research updates.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Esser, A.D. and D.P. Appel. 2024. WSU Wilke Research and Extension Farm production and economic performance 2023. Washington State University Extension. Technical Bulletin.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Schroeder, K. L., Janowski, K., Pickard, J., and Paulitz, T. C. 2023. Genetic Diversity of Leptosphaeria maculans in the Pacific Northwest and Implications for Canola Breeding. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual/ U.S. Canola Association Joint Meeting, Oct 29-Nov 1, St. Louis, MO.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Schroeder, K. L., Janowski, K., and Davis, J. B. 2023. Optimizing Management of Leptosphaeria maculans in Winter Canola using Fungicides. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual/ U.S. Canola Association Joint Meeting, Oct 29-Nov 1, St. Louis, MO.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Chen, C. Canola Variety Performance in Eastern Montana. Montana Grain Growers Association Annual Conference, Great Falls, MT. November 28-30, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Khadka, K. Pacific Northwest Winter and Spring Canola Variety Trials Results, 2023. Cropping Systems Conference, Kennewick, WA. January 9-10, 2024.
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Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience includes stakeholders involved in canola production in the dryland, rainfed areas of the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW). This includes farmers, crop commodity groups, crop consultants, and companies assoicated with agriculture in the region. Other audience members include researchers from both the public and private sectors, and those individuals or groups interested in canola production in the PNW. Changes/Problems:Five large-scale variety trials were planned in Washington during the fall of 2022 and spring of 2023. However, due to the departure of a WSU faculty, only one large-scale spring canola trial was established. Data collection including yield and postharvest quality will be measured in 2023. Plans are underway to hire a replacement that will take over management of the large-scale variety trials in 2023-2024. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate students conducted reserach in plant breeding/genetics, molecular genetics and plant pathology. Six undergraduate students were trained in aspects of laboratory, greenhouse and field trials as full-time employees over the summer and part-time during the school year How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?It is crucial that the knowledge generated by this project is delivered to local growers and industry so that innovative ideas can be readily adopted by the growers to increase acreage. Since the start of the project information on canola production has been presented at Cereal Schools (138), grower meetings (340), and field days (106). Information on variety trials was reported on the University of Idaho canola website and the PNW Canola Association website. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to conduct research and extension trials as outlined in the proposal and addressing the four objectives discussed in this report.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Obj. 1: Approximately 110 F1 crosses of winter canola were advanced to the F2 generation and the F2 seed was planted in the greenhouse in early 2023 to produce F3 seed for field planting in August 2023. The parents included newly transformed GMO lines carrying durable pattern recognition receptor (PPR) type disease resistance genes or a cold stress-related gene. F5 and F7 winter canola breeding populations were grown at two locations and evaluated for yield performance. Of six advanced winter canola lines tested in 2022, three lines were retained for further evaluation at five regional sites during the 2022-23 growing season. Unusually cold temperatures with little snow cover were experienced in early 2023, allowing for good quality notes on winter survival to be collected in the spring of 2023. For spring canola, F3 seed was produced from 26 cross combinations in the greenhouse and the resulting 90 F3 populations were seeded in the field in the spring of 2023. Selected lines and harvested F4 seed for spring planting and further field evaluation in 2023. Planted F4 yield trials at two locations in northern Idaho for the 2023 crop year along with a seed increase to produce F5 seed. Tested seed from F6 population for oil quality and grew 24 lines from each family in the field to produce F7 seed in 2022. Selected lines from this F7 populations were planted in the field in 2023 for further evaluation. Two F7 lines were advanced to regional testing trials in 2023. Grew and evaluated eleven F6 white-flowered spring Brassica napus lines in the field with yield trials at two locations. Screened lines for flower color and evaluated oil quality in the greenhouse. Two PPR genes (Br1033 and Br8468) have been successfully cloned and are highly induced by Leptosphaeria maculans. These genes were pyramided into a single transgenic line by crossing. F1 plants containing both Br1033 and Br8486 were verified by PCR. More than 120 F1 hemizygous seeds were sown on MS medium to select transgenes. After vernalization and PCR analysis, 80 transgenic plants were confirmed to contain both transgenes. Work will continue to produce a homozygous transgenic population with both transgenes. Once homozygous transgenic populations are produced, the populations will be used for pathogen assays. To improve the abiotic stress tolerance in winter canola varieties, cold- and drought-tolerant gene RC12A was previously introduced into Athena winter canola. In the past year, quantitative PCR was used to select two transgenic lines that expressed RC12A transgene (termed RC12A-OX-1 and RC12A-OX-2) at the highest levels. RC12A-OX-1 and RC12A-OX-2 were advanced to the T3 generation and homozygous populations have been obtained. The initial evaluation of cold tolerance will be conducted in the greenhouse. Seed oil and protein content analyses were completed from all winter and spring canola entries included in the 2022 PNW Variety Trials. Yield and quality data from these trials was disseminated to interested parties, and the yield data was posted on the UI website and the PNW Canola Association website. Variety trial results from 2010 to 2022 have been compiled for an online database project that was funded by a NIFA-FACT project. For the 2023 growing season, trials were coordinated across Idaho, Washington and Oregon. Winter canola trials consist of 24 entries at five locations, including three sites in Idaho and two in Oregon. The spring canola trials consist of 38 entries planted at nine sites in the Pacific Northwest. These include four locations in Idaho, two in Washington, two in Oregon, and one in Montana. Obj. 2. Spring canola rotation trials: A large long-term study was initiated in 2014 to examine spring canola, chickpea, and spring wheat in rotation with recrop winter wheat and then spring wheat. This site has already gone through two complete rotations (years 1-6) and a third one (years 7-9) has been initiated. We have a location with Year 7 (treatment crops) planted and a location with Year 8 planted winter wheat and subsequent crop production is being assessed. Data collection this summer will include yield, grain quality and economic performance between the three rotations, including gross returns and production costs of the three treatment crops and subsequent crop production. The treatment plots were seeded in April 2023 with a plot drill and will be harvested with a commercial combine. This year the study was altered, and spring wheat was replaced with spring pea because the spring wheat treatment had a severe downy brome infestation. Subsequent winter wheat crop was seeded in September 2022 with a commercial no-till drill and plots will be harvest with a commercial combine. Winter canola rotation trials: A second multi-year study was initiated to focus on spring wheat with and without the application of two commercially available mycorrhizal fungi seed treatments following winter canola or winter wheat to determine if previously documented yield declines in spring wheat following winter canola can be reduced and or eliminated. Two separate randomized, complete block design studies with four replications were established in winter canola and winter wheat residue in April 2023. The three treatments are spring wheat treated with (1) no mycorrhizal fungi check, (2) MycroGold Wheat Blend mycorrhizal fungi seed treatment and (3) MycoApply EndoMaxx endomycorrhizal fungi seed treatment. Yield and economic performance will be collected on the treatment crops (winter canola and winter wheat). Yield, grain quality, and economic data will be collected on the subsequent spring wheat crop to examine rotational values with and without mycorrhizal applications. Obj. 3. Fungicide field trials were established at three locations in northern Idaho (Genesee, Moscow, Nezperce). The trial consists of eight treatments and four replications. All fungicides applications were made in early April of 2023 at all locations with the exception of a Priaxor Xemium treatment that was applied in both the fall and spring. The treatments include Priaxor Xemium at high rate applied in both the fall and the spring, Priaxor Xemium at high rate in spring only, Quadris at high rate, Miravis Neo, Tilt at high rate, and a no fungicide control. Winter canola cultivar Amanda was used in all of the studies. Disease assessment and yield performance will be collected during 2023. The site at Genesee was severely damaged by freezing injury in January 2023 and was terminated. From the 2022 evaluation of fungicide efficacy, all treatments reduced the incidence of blackleg, but Miravis New and Priaxor Xemium applied twice during the growing season significantly reduced disease incidence. There was no significant difference in yield between treatments. Burkard spore samplers were deployed at two winter canola fields (Moscow and Nezperce) for a fourth year of sampling. Tapes collected from these traps have been sectioned into daily segments and are awaiting microscopic examination as well as processing using qPCR to determine the quantity of L. maculans present and dates when spores were released. Weather stations are deployed at each of the field sites to monitor air temperature, precipitation and humidity. Obj. 4. A number of educational events occurred during the winter months through summer in Idaho, Oregon and Washington. These included grower meetings, workshops, field days and other extension education programs. Topics relevant to canola production included crop establishment, disease and insect management, weed management, fertility, harvest, and general research updates. Approximately 566 stakeholders participated in these events. Significant progress was made on the PNW Canola Production Guide. While behind the anticipated schedule, a final draft of the document is nearing completion.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Esser, A.D. and D.P. Appel. 2023. WSU Wilke Research and Extension Farm production and economic performance 2022. Washington State University Extension. Technical Bulletin.
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Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience includes stakeholders involved in canola production in the dryland, rainfed areas of the inland Pacific Northwest (PNW). This includes farmers, crop commodity groups, crop consultants, and companies assoicated with agriculture in the region. Other audience members include researchers from both the public and private sectors, and those individuals or groups interested in canola production in the PNW. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate students conducted reserach in plant breeding/genetics, molecular genetics and plant pathology. Seven undergraduate students were trained in aspects of laboratory, greenhouse and field trials as full-time employees over the summer and part-time during the school year. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?It is crucial that the knowledge generated by this project is delivered to local growers and industry so that innovative ideas can be readily adopted by the growers to increase acreage. Since the start of the project information on canola production has been presented at a workshop (113 attendees), a virtual Cereal School (107) and at several grower meetings (279). Information on variety trials was reported on the University of Idaho canola website and the PNW Canola Association website. Canola will be featured in numerous field day talks across the Pacific Northwest during the summer of 2022. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to conduct research and extension trials as outlined in the proposal and addressing the four objectives discussed in this report.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Obj. 1: Approximately 120 F1 crosses of winter canola were generated in 2021 and F2 seed is currently being produced in the greenhouse. Eight F5 lines of winter canola are being grown in yield trials at two locations and 20 single plant selections from each line are being grown for seed increase. Differing winter survival was observed among these F5 lines. One advanced winter canola family was screened for herbicide resistance to Group 2 herbicides in the greenhouse. For spring canola, 55 F2 lines were grown in the greenhouse during the winter of 2021-22 and the resulting F3 seed was planted into field trials in May 2022 to advance the lines to the F4 generation. Five F4 lines that were selected in 2021 have been advanced to the F5 generation in the greenhouse with quality testing performed on the F5 and F6 seed. F6 seed has been planted in the field to increase seed. Two F6 lines that were selected in 2021 have been advanced to the F7 generation in the greenhouse with 160 plants grown from each line. F7 seed was evaluated for glucosinolate content, and F8 seed from each greenhouse-grown plant was evaluated for oil quality. F8 seed of selected plants from both lines have been planted in the field to produce pre-breeder seed. These lines are being evaluated at F7s in regional yield trials. Quality analyses were completed on 11 white-flowered F6 lines that were selected in 2021. Those lines with canola quality oil have been progeny tested in the greenhouse for flower color to produce non-segregating, white-flowered populations. Yields trials with the white flower lines have been planted at two sites, and a seed increase trial has been planted at one site to produce more seed for further yield testing. Two advanced winter canola lines are undergoing a second year of regional testing at six sites, and four selections from each line are being compared in yield trials at two sites. An additional advanced line is being tested in regional trials for the first time. Two F7 winter canola lines are also being tested in the regional trials for the first time, for a total of five UI winter canola lines in regional testing. Two F7 and five F5 spring canola lines are being evaluated in regional yield trials at eight sites. Seed of the five best lines (one F7 and four F5 lines) were also supplied to Dr. Chen at Montana State University for yield testing in Montana. More than 10 different transgenic lines have been generated in the winter canola cultivar Athena. Two lines which express Br1033 or Br8468 transgene at the highest level have been characterized and will be advanced to F2 homozygous population and used for the initial pathogen assay in the greenhouse. In addition, we have begun establishing the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for introducing Br1033 and Br8468 into the spring canola cultivars Clearwater and Empire. For the 2022 growing season, the University of Idaho coordinated trials across Idaho, Washington and Oregon. Winter canola trials consist of 28 entries being grown at six locations. These include three sites in Idaho, one in Washington and two in Oregon. The spring canola trials consist of 38 entries that have been planted at eight sites in the Inland Pacific Northwest. In addition, a spring canola variety trial was established in Montana that includes entries from the University of Idaho breeding program as well as private companies. Data collected from these trials during the upcoming field season will include flowering date, mature plant height, lodging, seed yield, seed oil content, and protein content. Obj. 2. Spring canola rotation trials: A large long-term study was initiated in 2014 to examine spring canola, chickpea, and spring wheat in rotation with recrop winter wheat and then spring wheat. This site has already gone through two complete rotations (years 1-6) and a third one (years 7-9) has been initiated. We have a location with Year 7 (treatment crops) planted and a location with Year 8 planted winter wheat and subsequent crop production is being assessed. Data collection this summer will include yield, grain quality and economic performance between the three rotations, including gross returns and production costs of the three treatment crops and subsequent crop production. Winter canola rotation trials: A second multi-year study was initiated to focus on spring wheat with and without the application of two commercially available mycorrhizal fungi seed treatments following winter canola or winter wheat to determine if previously documented yield declines in spring wheat can be reduced and or eliminated. Two studies were established in winter canola and winter wheat residue in April 2022. The three treatments are spring wheat treated with (1) no mycorrhizal fungi check, (2) MycroGold Wheat Blend mycorrhizal fungi seed treatment and (3) MycoApply EndoMaxx endomycorrhizal fungi seed treatment. Yield and economic performance will be collected on the treatment crops (winter canola and winter wheat). Yield, grain quality, and economic data will be collected on the subsequent spring wheat crop to examine rotational values with and without mycorrhizal applications. Obj. 3. Two separate field trials were established at three locations in northern Idaho (Genesee, Moscow, Nezperce). The first of these studies is intended to examine the timing of foliar fungicide application to control blackleg in winter canola. This is the third and projected to be the last year for this trial. These studies were established in late summer of 2021 and include (1) no fungicide, (2) fall fungicide only, (3) spring fungicide only, and (4) fall and spring fungicide application. The trial consists of Amanda, which is susceptible to blackleg and Mercedes, which is moderately resistant to blackleg. During the coming growing season, this trial will be assessed for flowering date, plant height, seed yield, seed oil content and protein content. The plots will be monitored and assessed for blackleg incidence and severity. Trials were established for a second study at the same three locations mentioned above to examine the efficacy of different foliar fungicides to manage blackleg in winter canola. The trial consists of eight treatments and four replications. Winter canola cultivar Amanda was used in all of the studies and the seed was treated with Helix Vibrance. Disease assessment and agronomic measurements will be collected as described for the previous study. Burkard spore samplers were deployed at two winter canola fields (Genesee and Nezperce) in September of 2021 and were in operation until December of 2021. The traps were redeployed in March of 2022 as snow melted and temperatures began to warm. Tapes collected from these traps have been sectioned into daily segments and are awaiting microscopic examination as well as processing using qPCR to determine the quantity of L. maculans present. Obj. 4. Five large-scale variety trials were established in Washington during the fall of 2021 and spring of 2022. These include two winter canola trials and three spring canola trials. Data has been collected on winter survival for the winter canola trials. Data collection including yield and postharvest quality will be measured throughout 2022. A number of educational events occurred during the winter months in Idaho, Oregon and Washington. These included grower meetings, workshops, and other extension education programs. Topics relevant to canola production included crop establishment, disease and insect management, weed management, fertility, harvest, and general research updates. Approximately 576 stakeholders participated in these events. Canola will be featured in a number of field days across the region during the late spring and early summer of 2022. Significant progress is being made on the PNW Canola Production Guide. We anticipate completion of a final draft by the fall of 2022 and publication of the guide within the next year.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Davis, J.B., Job, A., and Brown, J. 2022. Effect of row spacing and seeding rate on spring canola yield in northern Idaho. In: 2022 Dryland Field Day Abstracts: Highlights of Research Progress (pp. 43-45). Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, Technical Report UI-2022-1.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Davis, J.B., Job, A., and Kaya, J. 2022. Effect of plant growth regulator (PGR) treatments on early-seeded winter canola. In: 2022 Dryland Field Day Abstracts: Highlights of Research Progress (pp. 39-40). Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station, Technical Report UI-2022-1.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Esser, A.D. and D.P. Appel. 2022. WSU Wilke Research and Extension Farm production and economic performance 2021. Washington State University Extension. Technical Bulletin.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Madsen, I.J., and Neely, C. 2022. Management Considerations and Potential for Dual-Purpose Canola Forage in the Pacific Northwest. WSU Extension Guide.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Madsen, I.J., Pan, W.L., Davis, Maaz, T.M., and Tao. 2022. Spring Canola Nutrient Management for the Inland Pacific Northwest. WSU Extension Guide.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
2021 Regional Canola Variety Trial-Sidney, MT Site. In Regional Research Update. Edited by C. Chen and J. Bergman, NDSU-WREC and MSU-EARC.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
2021 Statewide Canola Variety Trial Sidney, MT Site. In Regional Research Update. Edited by C. Chen and J. Bergman, NDSU-WREC and MSU-EARC.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Janowski, K. 2021. Understanding the Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity of Leptosphaeria maculans, and Exploring Chemical Control Strategies to Manage Blackleg of Winter Canola (Brassica napus) in Northern Idaho. MS Thesis, University of Idaho.
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