Source: LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT EXTENSION IMPLEMENTATION FOR LOUISIANA
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
OTHER GRANTS
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1027176
Grant No.
2021-70006-35487
Cumulative Award Amt.
$322,196.00
Proposal No.
2021-05174
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2021
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2024
Grant Year
2023
Program Code
[EIP]- Extension Implementation Program
Recipient Organization
LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY
202 HIMES HALL
BATON ROUGE,LA 70803-0100
Performing Department
Department of Entomology
Non Technical Summary
This 3-year Extension Implementation Program focuses on Louisiana's agricultural industry, valued at over $12 billion. Louisiana experiences many insect, disease, and weed pest infestations due to its subtropical environment, with pests impacting commodities and natural habitats. IPM is essential in mitigating pest problems, while simultaneously protecting agricultural production, health and the environment. Stakeholder advisory processes include producers,the Louisiana Farm Bureau, the Louisiana Agricultural Consultants Association, commodity groups, and parish extension agents. The educational EIP needs in Louisiana for FY 2021-2024 are highlighted in the following objectives: 1) Improved monitoring and management of agronomic pests; 2) Maintenance of the LSU AgCenter Plant Diagnostics Center; 3) Development and distribution of education and extension materials (ipmPIPE); and 4) Pesticide registration, safety and application training. This project is essential for identifying pests and diseases sent in by stakeholders statewide and will build upon communication tools previously developed (through NIFA funding) in our program, involving numerous publications and technologies. This work falls under the Crop Protection Pest Management Program (7 U.S.C. 7626) and education activities aim to improve insect, disease and weed IPM, pesticide resistance management, pesticide application practices and pollinator health in Louisiana. Priorities addressed in this EIP proposal are based on the needs of the stakeholders."Primary Priorities" are IPM implementation in Agronomic crops, general IPM implementation and IPM for pollinator health. "Secondary Priorities" include IPM support for diagnostic services, IPM education for pesticide applicators, and partnerships in area-wide pest reporting.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
0%
Applied
50%
Developmental
50%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2162410113050%
2162410114030%
2162410116020%
Knowledge Area
216 - Integrated Pest Management Systems;

Subject Of Investigation
2410 - Cross-commodity research--multiple crops;

Field Of Science
1130 - Entomology and acarology; 1160 - Pathology; 1140 - Weed science;
Goals / Objectives
Goals:The goal of this EIP project is for eachfaculty and the project memberto workin a coordinated effort to achieve the objectives as detailed below. This includes addressing the issues caused bydevastating insects, diseases, and weeds in Louisiana. To achievethis, pest management strategies will be developed and strengthened within upcoming years. Emphasis will be placed ongood agronomic approachesthrough extension publications, workshops and field days, on the monitoring of key pests and on the judiciousapplication ofchemicals. With regards to pesticide stewardship, this project aims to use the National IPM Road Mapin delivering information on pesticide use forlarge-scale pest management, while promoting environmental stewardship by a diverse group of Louisiana stakeholders. We alsoaim toadvance the goals of the National IPM Road Mapby developing a stakeholder-driven information system for IPM. Producing tools that can be used by a diverse group of Louisianaclientele in largescale field crops will allow us toprovidescience-based regional information to support improvedpest management. The goals of this project include efforts to increasepesticide safety through applicator training. We aim to decrease non-target effectsby focusing on aerial applicators and "drift" mitigation. We also seek to improve pollinator health awareness through pesticide education focusing on the importance of pollination, flowering periods, andappropriate application timing.Objective 1: Improved Monitoring and Management of Agronomic Pests. Continued work on mapping of Mexican rice borer, Erouma loftini(Lepidoptera: Crambidae), an invasive pest of sugarcane, rice and other grasses in Louisiana (Entomology).Prevention, identification and IPM of exotic weed and other invasive pests that pose a threat to Louisiana's agriculture and natural habitats.Monitor and document dispersion of fungicide resistant plant pathogens affecting soybean in Louisiana and develop effective strategies for their management (Plant Pathology).Herbicide resistance management - Provide educational materials (training materials and publications) to pesticide applicators, producers, and the general public on field crop herbicide resistance throughout the state of Louisiana (Weed Science).Objective 2: LSU AgCenter Plant Diagnostics Center.Maintaining the equipment and personnel at the LSU AgCenter Plant Diagnostics Center.Facilitating accurate and the rapid diagnoses of plant health problems and their best management practices.Objective 3: Development and Distribution of Education and Extension Materials (IPMpipe). Development of an IPM-oriented pest information platform for extension and education (IPMpipe) by updating, publishing, and distributing extension materials on pest ID and management in Louisiana.Diversifying pest management outreach through the provision of short informative IPM videos and pamphlets on social media for the general public.Multi-state collaboration with Dr. Francis Reay Jones at Clemson University and participation in the development a multi-state pest identification app (MyIPM).Objective 4: Pesticide Registration, Safety and Application Training.Provide educational training to pesticide applicators, producers and the general public on the importance of proper conventional and organic pesticide use in an integrated pest management program (emphasis on safety procedures, reducing pesticide drift, and correct application for resistance mitigation).Education and monitoring of the impact of pesticide use and application methods on pollinator health.
Project Methods
Objective 1:Collect insects, disease, and weed materials for comparison to previously identified baselines.Periodically assess the movement and discovery of new pests where the pests have not previously occurred.Objective 2:Data collection and management of pest identification submissions for monitoring and extension purposes.Developing follow-up protocols for ensuringappropriate management strategies are used for submitted pests.Appropriate maintenance, upkeep and documentation of processes at the Plant Diagnostics Center to ensure goalsare met.Objective 3:Writing and publishing extension papers with input from fellow scientists and newer literature.Individuals (graduate students and other scientists) will be trained in these product development skills.Development of outreach information and interactive posts for distribution on social media platforms to increase IPM awareness among the general public.Assessment of various outreach platforms and tools to determine the most effective means of reaching target audiences for future IPM programs.Objective 4:Workshops, field days and training meetings will provide guidance for common pests associated with key field crops,as well as provideknowledge on pesticide drift, efficacy, and resistance development. Trainers will leave the workshop with the background knowledge and communications skills needed to promote pesticide stewardship to urban and peri-urban producers and home gardeners throughout LA.Education pamphlets and presentations will be developed on the importance of pollinator health, particularly for agricultural systems. Theseeducation materialswill include best management practices for pesticide application that prioritize pollinator health and prevent non-target effects.Organic and conventional IPM strategies and food safety information will be provided directly from researchers, Extension Specialists, regulators, and educators from the LSU AgCenter.

Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/24

Outputs
Target Audience:A diverse set of stakeholders are potentially impacted by the activities supported by the grant. First and foremost, farmers and agricultural producers benefit from the practical information generated by the entomologists, plant pahtologists, and weed scientists supported by this grant. For example, information about the range expansicon of the Mexican rice borer, herbicide resistance in common weeds of Louisiana crops, and resistance to fungicides in soybean pathogens are vital to the day-to-day activties of farmers in the state. Likewise, personnel employed by the agrichemical industry benefit from this information. The pesticide safety training supported by this grant has a large impact on agricultural producers, homeowners, pest control professionals and others who require certification to legally apply pesticides. The Plant Diagnostic Center partly supported by this grant is heavily used by homeowners. All citizens of Louisiana are affected by die-off of Roseau cane in the Gulf of Mexico and thus are part of the target audience. Finally, scientists and IPM practitioners are a target audience for the scientific publications produced as a result of grant activities. One target audience of particular note for this grant is the Louisiana Agricultural Consultants Association. Scientists involved in the grant have a particulalry close association with this organization, and have met multiple times with LACA representatioves over the past three years to discuss IPM-related issues. Changes/Problems:In late 2023, Dr. Gene Reagan, the PI for this grant and IPM Coordinator for the LSU AgCenter, passed away. Dr. Michael Stout assumed the PI role for the last 9 months of the funding period. Dr. James Villegas was recently anmed IPM Coordinator for the LSU AgCenter. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In addiiton to workshops offered by grant-affiliated personnel to producers and homewners, training opportunities related to this grant were largely associated with the LSU AgCenter Pesticide Safety Education Program (PSEP). The LSU AgCenter PSEPprovided parish (county) agents with updated training materials to assist themin working with the private pesticide applicators throughout the state. These PowerPoint based materials, which include reminders regarding pesticide drift mitigation, are presented at most of the recertification events that were held fromJanuary through March of 2023. In 2023,there weremore than eighty recertification events held across the state of Louisiana using these materials.There were 1566 private pesticide applicatorsserviced in recertification meetings/sessions, and 331 commercial applicatiors were recertified.These in-person and virtual recertification events lasted no less than 90 minutes each (as per the requirements of the EPA and Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry). The drift mitigation topics that ourmaterials included were equipment checks and services (esp. nozzle inspection and care), proper calibration, weather condition assessment (wind speed, signs of / conditions of atmospheric inversions), proper application (field) conditions and accidental spill response, among other pertinent topics. The agents had some discretion as to what materials they presented, based upon the actual needs of the applicators (farmers / growers) in their area. The LSU AgCenter Pesticide Safety Education Program also began in earnest the revision of ourAgricultural Pest Management Guide(EPA, commercial certification category 1). This manual is our flagship manual - preparing individuals, at an entry level, to safely and successfully manage pests of agricultural crops. Although pesticide application is the focus, it is all cased in the paradigm of integrated pest management (IPM). Proper cultural practices such as soil testing, proper irrigation, soil preparation, and tested pest management practices such as early, correct pest identification, timely pest management responses (based on the actual life-cycle of the pest), and properly chosen and applied pesticides, if that is the best choice - in consideration of all of the particular details that the pest manager is faced with. One other project that the LSU AgCenter PSEP has worked on that has strong elements of drift mitigation as a part of it is the Drone Pesticide Applicator Safety Program that we have developed for those who wish to be certified to use drones as a method of pesticide application as well as other agricultural data collecting activities. This 4-hour safety program (Moodle-based) will be a certification requirement in Louisiana for any who wish to become commercially certified to use drones in their agricultural pest management efforts. Additional trainings of county agents were also provided by Raj Singh and his associates in the Plant Diagnostic Center. Dr. Singh delivered 27 extension seminarss on plant health problems and their management to over 1200 participants. The "Bug Biz" program supported by this grant provided opportunities for professional development (training in scientific writing) for graduate students.Thirteen students have been trained in writing extension fact sheets over the past three years.Topics were selected and articles prepared by graduate students enrolled in a Special Problems (ENTM 7008) course instructed by Dr. Chris Carlton. In addition to writing experience and publication productivity, students gained experience in formulating complex information into plain language suitable for general audiences of agricultural practitioners, homeowners, and interested natural history enthusiasts. These short (~2 pp each) articles included diagnostic features and information about life histories, ecological significance, pest status, and, when relevant, control options. References were included for further information as well as images from in-house or online sources covered under Creative Commons licenses. Following completion of the student writing phase, articles were vetted for clarity and accuracy, then edited and formatted to meet LSU Agcenter publication guidelines. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated in a variety of ways, both traditional and non-traditional. As noted above, the LSU AgCenter PSEP and indicidual grant-affiliated PIs have conducted many in-person trainings and workshopsas well as produced training manuals, IPM guides, and Powerpoint-based training materials. These products as well as traditional extension fact sheets are listed in annual reports. The Roseau Cane Scale project has produced an infographicthat has been made available in a variety of formats and venues, incluidng magazines such asLouisiana Agricultureand websites. Results from this program are also shared on Instagram and other social meida. The BugBiz program has produced traditional extension factsheets taht are avaialble online. Scientific meetings were attended by scientists and students supported by the grant, and technical presentations and publications were produced for scientific audiences. The Plant Diagnostic Center disseminated information in diverse ways to diverse audinces, such as IPM manuals and handbooks (available electronically), extension factsheets, industry newsletters, and mass media. PDC personnel also presented information at garden shows and field days. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1: Improved Monitoring and Management of Invasive Pests a) Mapping the distribution of Mexican rice borer.This grant has helped Louisiana scientists document the expansion of the range of the Mexican rice borer into major rice- and sugarcane-producing regions of the state. The current distribution of the borersuggests the species may soon threaten corn and sorghum grown in the Mississippi delta region. New collaborations with scientists in California have detected northward expansion is also occurring in that state. b) Extension program for the Roseau cane scale. This grant helped support an interdisciplinary team of scientists working to understand the scope and causes of Roseau cane die-off along the coast of Louisiana. In particular, the grant has supported efforts to educate the public about this problem. Efforts included developing press releasesand conferences through which research results were shared. The Roseau Cane project website was updated with the latest research findings, along with links to educational materials. Additional details about these activities are available atwww.lsuagcenter.com/roseaucane. Printed materials, including brochures for scale identification across the Southeastern USA, were also created. An infographic illustrating the die-back of Roseau cane as a multi-stressor issue was developed. and made available in multiple formats and venues, including websites and magazines. Updates on activities were posted on the Instagram account @lsubiocontrol, (555 followers), including state agencies involved in coastal issues, students, and the general public. c) Herbicide-resistant weeds.This grant supported efforts to test majorweeds in Louisiana crops for resistance to herbicides. Junglerice and goosegrass populations resistant to glyphosate are newly confirmed cases from Louisianafields. Italian ryegrass with resistance to glyphosate and ACCase herbicides are also troublesome for growers to manage and currently screening few populations with resistance to paraquat. We also found ALS-resistant rice flatsedge based on our screening results. Increasing cases of HR in grass weeds is going to be a major problem for growers in Louisiana and across the South. Objective 2: LSU AgCenter Plant Diagnostics Center. The PDC diagnosed hundreds of physical and digital samples for diseases, nutritional disorders, and insect problems annually, including 892 physical plant samples submitted by residents of Louisiana and LSU AgCenter Extension Personnel in 2023. Best management practices to solve plant health problems were provided.Site visits and phone callswere also handled by the Center. Numerous extension presentations were given by PDC personnel, and IPM manuals were produced for various commodities. Objective 3: Development and Distribution of Educational Extension Materials (ipmPIPE). a) Development of an IPM-oriented pest information platform for extension and education.This project supported the continued production of fact sheets in the Department of Entomology's "Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification" series.These short articles included diagnostic features and information about life histories, ecological significance, pest status, and, when relevant, control options. Duirng the funding period (2020-2023), over 90 "Bug Biz " articles were written and published. Most of these were produced by graduate students, who received training in technical and scientific training through the process of producing the articles. The Entomology Departmental website served as a portal for citizens to submit identification requests, and other types of inquiries about arthropods of concern or curiosity.The departmental diagnostic team made extensive use of social media to gather and disseminate information about potential newly introduced pests and high-profile entomological events. Facebook, the Nextdoor app, and X are all utilized for these purposes, and have occasionally resulted in significant discoveries. A relatively new application for observations by citizen scientists, iNaturalist, has proven to be useful in both dissemination and discovery. During the historical Brood XIX emergence of 13-year periodical cicadas, which we suspected may have been extirpated from Louisiana, we conducted interviews with traditional media outlets prior to the event. We urged citizens from the suspected areas of emergence to post observations on iNaturalist. As a result, we were able to document numerous new localities, biological observations, and confirmed that Brood XIX is still in existence in Louisiana. Results have been compiled into a manuscript and submitted to Florida Entomologist. Recently, observations posted to iNaturalist revealed the presence of a previously unknown Asian cerambycid beetle, Chlorophorus signaticollis, in the New Orleans area. This single observation resulted in an intense follow up by entomology faculty and cooperators in the USDA. Potential establishment of this potential forest and fruit tree pest has been confirmed and efforts are underway to determine the size and extent of the population and potential threats. Objective 5: Resistance Management in Pest Populations. a) Monitor and document dispersion of fungicide resistant plant pathogens affecting soybean in Louisiana.From 2020-2023,fungicide efficacy trials were conducted on the experiment station listed previously. On-farm demonstrations were conducted on selected farms. Disease incidence and severity varied by location and year. Pathogen resistance to strobilurins and benzimidazoles was suspected in some tests. There were no reports of fungicide failures by producers. b) Development of a program for early warning for Bt resistance inHelicoverpa zeapopulations in Louisiana, Texas and Mississippi cotton.A program for monitoring resistance of the corn earworm/bollworm, fall armyworm, and corn stalk borers to Bt corn and cotton has been developed and implemented in Louisiana and several adjacent states. Details on the program can be found in annual reports, In 2022-2023, a reversal of Cry1F susceptibility in the fall armyworm was detected, which represents the first case of documented field resistance reverting to susceptible status in any Bt crop-insect systems. This information is critical to maize producers in Louisiana. c) Survey ofLouisiana, Texas, Arkansas and Mississippi rice growers to monitor insecticide use practices.Surveys of rice growers and consultants in the Midsouth indicate insecticidal seed treatments remain the predominant control method for rice water weevil. The diamide, chlorantraniliprole, is used on more than 70% of acreage in Louisiana and Texas. Use of either chlorantraniliprole and cyantraniliprole has risen to approximately 50% in Arkansas and Mississippi. The products are increasingly used in combination with thiamethoxam in all regions to enhance efficacy and broaden the spectrum of pest control. Control of the rice stink bug has shifted from lambda-cyhalothrin to dinotefuran across the Midsouth due to the development of resistance to the former. Objective 6: Pesticide Registration, Safety and Application Training. Provide educational training to pesticide applicators, producers and the general public on the importance of proper conventional and organic pesticide use in an integrated pest management program.The LSU AgCenter Pesticide Safety Education Program (PSEP) has provided our countyagents with updated training materials for their efforts in working with the private pesticide applicators throughout the state. These PowerPoint based materials, which include reminders regarding pesticide drift mitigation, are presented at most of the recertification events. These recertification programs reach hundred to thousands of citizens annually, with details available in annual reprots.Drift mitigation and drone safety have been focus areas in recent years.

Publications


    Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23

    Outputs
    Target Audience:A substantial diversity of target audience is involved in this work. These include practicing scientists and landowners (farmers) who read and review our refereed scientific papers and the numerous farmers who consult one or more of our many non-refereed papers (please see publication list) with thepersonal contacts who have attended our manyextension seminars in the year. Included here-in are the severalextension seminars (Boxwood Dieback, Plant Doctors and Publishing, Home garden disease management, Ornamental and Turf Disease Management, and discussion of Palm Dying at the Spring Garden Show in New Orleans and the Plant Health Ethicsthroughout Louisiana). Additionally, 10books and Manuals were cited during the firstmonths of this REEport. In addition, the target audience includes home owners from all economic classes as well as large and small scale farmers, and golf course managers. Please see the attached list of publications and train-the-trainers manuals. Not shown here are the numerous meetings in the field with AgCenter Scientists and parish agents that we have with Louisiana farmers. Also, cited are private pesticide applicator certifications and pesticide drift trainings. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In addition to the many cited publications, presentations and talks delivered by this project, numerous commercial and private pesticide application Certifications and Recertifications were continued. (Secondary priority- IPM support for Pest Diagnostic Facilities)- Plant Diagnostic facilities. In addition to plant pathology and non-pathology identifications, many entomological identifications are cited here also from Objective 3 as a primary priority. Collectively 33 Bug Biz Pest Management and Insect Identification series 1-2-page publications and disease papers were published. This is in addition to 3 refereed papers, 37non-refereed and presentation of 24 seminars with collective participation of 1832 attendees at our meetings. Selected Talks and training sessions for pesticide certifications are provided, Activities at the LSU Ag Center Plant Diagnostic Center: 98digital samples and 311 physical samples have been processed since 9/1/22. Multi-State work is "IN PRESS". The Bug Biz entomology work is in as submitted manuscripts in Early December 2022 for additional studies MyIPM App on LSU for the Clemson program. This work is on-going, with many aspects underway as a Secondary Priority). The pesticide safety education program of our work involves numerous additional commercial applicator recertification programs citation. This program involves Private Applicator Certifications 760 still processing and 300 completely CERTIFIED. Additionally, trainer meeting were held with well over 15 individuals attended, each precertification training involved Moodle online to develop a CORE MANUEL with 10 individuals since January 1, 2022. Also, in 2022, applicator training was held in Lake Charles (20 people), and recertification training sessions in Baton Rouge, Alexandria (5 meetings.), Hammond and Virtual, all well attended 15-30 people, in addition for a Turf Grass Conference (http://www.laturf.net). The importance of proper conventional and organic pesticide use in integrated pest management programs (emphasis on safety procedures, reducing pesticide drift and correct application for resistance mitigation) is essential. Educational and monitoring of the impact of pesticide use and application methods on pollinator health have been partially undertaken because of on-going station activities. This EIP program will continue to evaluate pesticide usage in Louisiana and how it relates to state-wide pollinator and ecosystem health. The LSU AgCenter field crop extension entomology program will continue to update materials and trainings related to pollinator protection for Louisiana clientele. Information pertaining to managed pollinators, in the state of Louisiana, will be updated as new regulations and information is generated from various land grant institutions especially applications involving flowering weeds in the field. The pollinator protection information included in all private applicator certification meetings required by the Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry, will be updated to reflect meaningful changes or new information in pollinator protection. Information and new insights into the role pesticides play in pollinator health will be presented to facets of the LSU AgCenter's clientele. As deliverables for the grant, we provide information on the number of people trained using these materials. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?As Previously described in accomplishments, the reduction of pesticide usages has enhanced the permanency of IPM programs. With entomology this was accomplished through enhanced biological control in several commidites. Results from our program have been dissimated to be described in many ways, including Facebook, (see continuation report) including many publications, as well as several placed on the website and some of our work in My IPM App at Clemson University with Distinguished Professor Francis Reay-Jones. Also, many hands-on meetings with producers in the presences of Parish extension agents, entomology, plant pathology, and weed science (over 70 among all agricultural disciplines) faculity have also been conducted. Extension Impact with Clientele 1. The impact both on the sugarcane borer and Mexican rice borer insect management with tebufenozide in sugarcane is quite substantial in Louisiana resulting in reduced insecticide use area wide of three pesticide applications down to ½ of one. Even though the sugarcane borer has shown field resistance to tebufenozide, it can still be effectively used in management. The key aspect of use is "alternation" of chemical control tactics with chemicals having different modes of action (MOA). This management aspect is critical to preserving chemistry (of tebufenozide). Additionally, this management approach preserves biological control with profound pesticide safety in this major Louisiana commodity. At this time MRB infestations have progressed through ¾ of the La. Sugarcane production area and nearly all of the Louisiana Rice production area. 2. This second paragraph mentions the many Bug Biz articles on line with the LSU Ag Center and partially developed video text used nation- wide. Of the 37 papers developed this year (2022), the work involves the following 16 Arthropods (mostly insect families and groups of general Lepidopteran, spiders, Diptera, Coleoptera, Hemipter, Hymenoptera, Blattodea, Thysonoptera (thrips), Ixodia, Mites, Orthoptera, Siphonptera (fleas), Zygenoptera, Diploidea, Amphloidea, and Mandtsipidae. This work was presented in poster form at the Louisiana Agricultural Consultants Association in Marksville with several follow- up questions, as well as at the international renowned La. Ag Center field day at the H.R. Caffey Research/ Extension Center. 3. Pesticide labeling studies with three herbicides was modified in view of pollution issues with the Federal Environmental Protection Agency. These changes were made in rates and/or reduced use (but not elimination) of paraquat, dicamba, and glyposate (Roundup) even though glyphosate is in numerous law suits nationally. 4. Maintenance of the plant disease clinic supervised by Dr. Raj. Singh includes facilitating accurate and rapid diagnoses of plant health problems state- wide and of their best management practices. The impact of this program included the first reports of 14 new species of Phytophthora Clarke 10, and evolutionary perspectives, Curcrbit yellow stunting virus, and box wood disease resistance by Colletotrican cichumthebmricola, Sothern blight industrial hemp. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In solving insect, plant pest, disease and weed problems numerous mitigation efforts are underway to better target pests in a manner to reduce "selection pressure" from any one control tactic. As mentioned earlier (from the continuation report) a greater than 50% reduction of Mexican rice borer control together with alternation of control tactics has resulted in greatly improved stalk borer control tactics resulted in greatly improved stalk borer control in sugarcane (monitoring continued). A key aspect of IPM with pesticide is to alternate with different pesticides modes of action which will greatly reduce selection pressure. Modes of action which will greatly reduce selection pressure. Numerous other IPM principles are cited in this report. During the next reporting period our studies will provide additional Bug Biz papers, and with completion of IPM-MyAppwork with Clemson University. LSU Ag Center work has shown that the old world corn ear worm Heliothis (Heliocoverpa) armigeura found in only 3 North Louisiana parishes, is never a pest in Louisiana, but is a serious pest in China, Australia, and Brazil; however, the Fall Army worm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a very serious pest in crops throughout (corn and certain other grasses) Louisiana, the most severe insect pest throughout the world (field crop). Research with other universitiesindicates that resistance on triazoles and MBC (benzimidiazoles) may be occurring in Cercospora sojina and other Corynespora infestations. Information on resistance management was disseminated at parish producer meetings, pesticide recertification meetings, and the Louisiana Agricultural Technology and Management Conference. Field trials (soybean,cotton, corn, grain sorghum, and small grains) will continue to be evaluated for fungicide efficacy and genetic resistance on five experiment stations and several on farm tests. This information will be used to develop effective disease management programs for stakeholders. Studies on weed dynamics in Louisiana soybean were being discussed at the national meeting of the Weed Science Society of America in 2022 and published particularly for narrow row burning in the refereed Journal Frontiers in Agronomy. Information will be presented at the producer meetings and information on weed management recommendations for herbicides published in the Weed management guide with efforts to monitor pathogens resistant to pesticides. The LSU AgCenter PSEP will also continue working with key LSU AgCenter specialists on the Drift Mitigation TaskForce to help identify deficiencies and gaps in clientele knowledge on drift mitigation. The pesticide safety education program will continue to update pesticide safety publications as new pesticide safety research becomes available. The PSEP program has updated three publications including a chapter in the general standards COREMANUEL that is utilized nationally as a commercial preparation tool for prospective commercial and private pesticide applicators. The Two major field crops in Louisiana both had a banner year for grower release by the Louisiana Agricultural Center IPM DHE the perspective of multidisciplinary plant resistance. In sugarcane for commercial production. Varieties L15-306 and LHo15-508 each with good disease and insect pest resistance were released in 2022. Additionally, commercial released for Louisiana rice was PVL03 in 2022. Other commodities in Louisiana had no new variety releases

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? 1) Highlighted in the article by Wilson, Blake "Spring Insect Outlook" written in the Sugar Bulletin-Apil 2022 vol 77 the number of pesticide applications for salk borer control (avg per field per season) has been reduced from greater than one to less than 1/2 appl/field annually. -Impact Major reduction in insecticide application in Louisiana Sugarcane, and its impact on reducing pesticide resistance. 2) Plant Disease and Insect Diagnostic Centers are better serving the needs of the stakeholders in all 64 parishes. 3)Increased interaction with stakeholders enhansing IPM knowledge. 4) Pesticide regulation enhanences application Safety, application timing and enviormental saftey. A particular application of this study involves flowering of weeds and the crop. Bees are seldom present without flowering, which allows the use of needed beetoxic pesticides. However our studies show that a crop with flowering weeds would not allow the application of bee-toxic pesticides.

    Publications

    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Aaron Ashbrook, Huval, Forest, McCarthy, Joseph, Reagan, Thomas E., Carlton, Christopher E. 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Cimex lectularius, Bed Bug (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3815)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Forest Huval, Ashbrook Aaron, Chris Carlton Thomes E. Reagan 2022 Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Peri-domestic Cockroaches Part 1 LSU AgCenter Pub (In Press)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Forest Huval, Ashbrook Aaron, Chris Carlton Thomes E. Reagan 2022 Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Peri-domestic Cockroaches Part 2 LSU AgCenter Pub (In Press)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Sam des Bordes, Kaylee Deynzer, Forest Huval and T.E.Reagan 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Spodoptera ornithogalli, Yellow-striped Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3815)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Leonardo D. Salgado, David Galo, Forest Huval and Christopher E. Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Frankliniella occidentalis, Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3814)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Chris Carlton, Forest Huval, T.E.Reagan 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Tussock Moths, Orygia spp. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3813)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Leonardo D. Salgado, Kensy D. Rodriguez, Forest Huval T.E. Reagan and Christopher E. Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Bemisia tabaci Middle East Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) species, Silverleaf whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3806)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rui Chen, Forest Huval, T.E. Reagan, Chris Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Megaselia scalaris, Scuttle fly (Diptera: Phoridae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3850)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Steven Richardson, Samuel des Bordes, Forest Huval, T.E Reagan2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Solenopsis invicta, Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3805)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Samuel des Bordes and Kaylee Deynzer, Forest Huval, and Gene Reagan 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series Piezodorus guildinii, Red Banded Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3810)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Sarah E. McComic, Forest Huval, T.E. Reagan, Chris Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Red Paper Wasps, Polistes carolina (Fine-Backed Red Paper Wasp) and P. rubiginosus, (Coarse-Backed Red Paper Wasp) (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3846)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Sarah E. McComic, Forest Huval, T.E. Reagan, Chris Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Musca domestica, House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3849)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Paula Castillo, Forest Huval, T.E. Reagan, Chris Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Lyctus carbonarius, Southern Lyctus Beetle (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3847)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Sarah E. McComic Forest Huval, Gene Reagan, Chris Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Amblyomma americanum, Lone Star Tick (Ixodida: Ixodidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3834)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Steven Richardson, Forest Huval, T.E. Reagan Chris Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Atta texana, Texas Leaf Cutter Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3803)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Chris Carlton, Forest Huval, T.E. Reagan 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Steatoda triangulosa, Triangulate Cobweb Spider (Araneae: Theridiidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3812)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Paula Castillo, Forest Huval, T.E. Reagan, Chris Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Sirex nigricornis, Native North American Woodwasp (Hymenoptera: Siricidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3851)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Arjun Khadka, Forest Huval T.E. Reagan, Chris Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Megacopta cribraria, Kudzu Bug (Hemiptera: Plataspidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3854)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Arjun Khadka, Forest Huval, T.E. Reagan, Chris Carlton. 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Murgantia histrionica, Harlequin bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3848)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Samuel des Bordes, Forest Huval, Gene Reagan, Chris Carlton. 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Acuops cannibicola, Hemp Russet Mite (Acarina: Erophyidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3804)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Chris Carlton, Forest Huval, Gene Reagan 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Gryllus texensis and G. rubens, Field Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3083)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kaylee Deynzer, Steven Richardson, Forest Huval, Gene Reagan 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Helicoverpa zea, Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3809)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rui Chen, Forest Huval, Gene Reagan, Chris Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Conotrachelus nenuphar, Plum curculio (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3835)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Arjun Khadka, Forest Huval, T.E. Reagan, Chris Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Leptinotarsa decimlineata, Colorado Potato Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3840)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Sarah E. McComic, Forest Huval, T.E. Reagan, Chris Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Chrysops flavidus, Deer Flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3845)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Paula Castillo, Forest Huval, T.E. Reagan, Chris Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Camponotus nearcticus, Small Carpenter Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3844)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Chris Carlton, Forest Huval, Gene Reagan 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Latrodectus geometricus, Brown Widow Spider (Araneae: Theridiidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3797)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Arjun Khadka, Forest Huval, Gene Reagan, Chris Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Halyomorpha halys, Brown Marmorated Stink Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3833)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Chris Carlton, Forest Huval, Gene Reagan 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Southern and Northern Black Widow Spiders, Latrodectus mactans and L. variolus (Araneae: Theridiidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3796)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Arjun Khadka, Forest Huval, T.E. Reagan, Chris Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Bagrada hilaris, Bagrada Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3841)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Arjun Khadka, Forest Huval, T.E. Reagan, Chris Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Diaphorina citri, Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3842)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Sarah E. McComic, Forest Huval, Gene Reagan, Chris Carlton 2022. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Aedes aegypti, Yellow Fever Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) LSU AgCenter Pub (3843)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Padgett, B., Harrison, S., and Price, P. 2022. Wheat Production Practices in Louisiana. Louisiana Crops Newsletter. v. 12(8).
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Padgett, B., Harrison, S., and Price, P. 2022. Wheat Variety Performance in Louisiana. Louisiana Crops Newsletter. v. 12(8).
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Diseases of Field Crops. 2023. ed. Hollier, C.A., Padgett, G.B., and Draper, M.A. APS Press. 405 pp.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Stephen A. Harrison, et al. 2022. 2022 Small Grain Performance Trials. LAES Research Summary No. 224.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Padgett, Guy B., Singh, Raghuwinder, Felipe, Dalla Lana, Ferguson, Mary Helen, Gueltig, B., Hoy, Jeffrey W., Power, Imana, Price, III, Paul P., Watson, T. 2022. 2023 Plant Disease Management Guide (online store item). Publication No. 1802.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. 2022. Southern Blight of Vegetables, LSU AgCenter Hort. Hints. 09/22/22.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Jung, T., Milenkovi?, I., Corcobado, T., M�jek, T., Janouaek, J., Kudl�?ek, T., Tomaovsk�, M., Nagy, Z. A., Dur�n, A., Tarigan, M., Sanfuentes von Stowasser, E., Singh, R., Ferreira, M., Webber, J. F., Scanu, B., Chi, N. M., Thu, P. Q., Junaid, M., Rosmana, A., Baharuddin, B., Kuswinanti, T., Nasri, N., Kageyama, K., Hieno, A., Masuya, H., Uematsu, S., Oliva, J., Redondo, M., Maia, C., Matsiakh, I., Kramarets, V., OHanlon, R.,. Tomi?, }., Brasier, C. M., Horta Jung, M. 2022. Extensive morphological and behavioural diversity among fourteen new and seven described species in Phytophthora Clade 10 and its evolutionary implications. Persoonia 49: 1-57. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.49.01
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. 2022. Birds Nest Fungi. Louisiana Plant Health Management Series, LSU AgCenter Publication 3858.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. 2022. Birds Nest Fungi, Louisiana Nursery and Landscape Association Quarterly Newsletter. Vol. 80: 1
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Mulcahy, Megan M., Blake E. Wilson, and Thomas E. Reagan. "Spatial distribution of Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in rice." Environmental Entomology 51.1 (2022): 108-117.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. 2022. Ball Moss, Louisiana Nursery and Landscape Association Quarterly Newsletter. Vol. 79: 17. (09/01)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Singh, R. 2022. Leaf Spot and Fruit Rot of Strawberry, LSU AgCenter Hort. Hints. 07/22/22.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. 2022. Southern Blight of Vegetables, LSU AgCenter Five Acres and Few Farm News, Summer 2022. 3-4 pp. (07/08/2022)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. 2022. Exobasidium Leaf Gall, Louisiana Nursery and Landscape Association Quarterly Newsletter. Vol. 78: 27. (06/01).
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. 2022. Getting to Know Laurel Wilt, LSU AgCenter Timber Tales, Volume 173: 12-13.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. 2022. Exobasidium Leaf Gall, LSU AgCenter Hort. Hints. 03/22/22.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. 2022. AgCenter Plant Diagnostic Center marks 10 years of solving plant health problems, Louisiana State Horticulture Society Journal. Vol. 17: 29-30. (01/22/2022)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. 2023. Root rot disease creeping up in Louisiana lawns, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center News Release, 04/19/2023.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. 2022. Damaging Pest on the Rise in Louisiana Pines, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center News Release, 11/18/2022
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R., and Ferguson M. H. 2022. A New Plant Disease Detected in Louisiana Strawberries, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center News Release, March, 2022.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Mulcahy, Megan M., Blake E. Wilson, and Thomas E. Reagan. "Spatial Distribution of Lepidopteran Stem Borers in Louisiana Rice Fields." Environmental Entomology (2022)


    Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22

    Outputs
    Target Audience: A substantial diversity of target audience is involved in this work. These include practicing scientists and landowners (farmers) who read and review oursix refereed scientific papers and the numerous farmers who consult one or more of our many non-refereed papers (please see publication list) with the 1896 personal contacts who have attended our 45 extension seminars in the year. Included here-in are the 5 extension seminars (Boxwood Dieback, Plant Doctors and Publishing, Home garden disease management, Ornamental and Turf Disease Management, and discussion of Palm Dying at the Spring Garden Show in New Orleans and the Plant Health Ethics just in April 2022 throughout Louisiana). Additionally, 11 books and Manuals were cited during the first 8 months of this REEport. In addition, the target audience includes home owners from all economic classes as well as large and small scale farmers, and golf course managers. Please see the attached list of publications and train-the-trainers manuals. Not shown here are the numerous meetings in the field with AgCenter Scientists and parish agents that we have with Louisiana farmers. Also, cited are private pesticide applicator certifications and pesticide drift trainings. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In addition to the many cited publications, presentations and talks deliverd by this project, numerous commercial and private pesticide application Certificationa and Recertifications were continued. ( Secondary priority- IPM support for Pest Diangostic Facilities)- Plant Diagnostic facilities. In addition to plant pathology and non-pathology identifications, many entomological identifications are cited here also from Objective 3 as a primary priority. Collectively 23 Bug Biz Pest Management and Insect Identification series 1-2 page publications and disease papers were published. This is in addition to 7 refereed papers, 37 non-refereed and presentation of 24 seminars with collective participation of 1832 attendees at our meetings. Selected Talks and trainiang sessions for pesticide certifications are provided, Activities at the LSU Ag Center Plant Diagnostic Center: 98 digital samples and 311 physical samples have been processed since 9/1/21. Multi-State work is "IN PRESS". The Bug Biz entomology work is in as submitted manuscripts in Early December 2021 for additional studies MyIPM Appon LSU for the Clemson program. This work is on-going, with many aspects underway as aSecondary Priority). The pesticide safety education program of our work involves numerous additional commercial applicator recertification programs citation. This program involves Private ApplicatorCertifications 758 still processing and 328 completely CERTIFIED. Additionally, Train the Trainer meeting were held with well over 15 individuals attended, each precertification training involved Moodle online to develop a CORE MANUEL with 10 individuals since January 1, 2022. Also, in 2022, applicator training was held in Lake Charles (20 people), and recertification training sessions in Baton Rouge, Alexandria (5 meetings.), Hammond and Virtual, all well attended 15-30 people, in addition for a Turf Grass Conference (http://www.laturf.net). The importance of proper conventional and organic pesticide use in integrated pest management programs (emphasis on safety procedures, reducing pesticide drift and correct application for resistance mitigation) is essential. Educational and monitoring of the impact of pesticide use and application methods on pollinator health have been partially undertaken because of on-going station activities. This EIP program will continue to evaluate pesticide usage in Louisiana and how it relates tostate-wide pollinator and ecosystem health. The LSU AgCenter field crop extension entomology program will continue to update materials and trainings related to pollinator protection for Louisiana clientele. Information pertaining to managed pollinators, in the state of Louisiana, will be updated as new regulations and information is generated from various land grant institutions especially applications involving flowering weeds in the feild. The pollinator protection information included in all private applicator recertification meetings required by the Louisiana Department of Agriculture and Forestry, will be updated to reflect meaningful changes or new information in pollinator protection. Information and new insights into the role pesticides play in pollinator health will be presented to facets of the LSU AgCenter's clientele. As deliverables for the grant, we provide information on the number of people trained using these materials. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?As Previously described in accomplishments, the reduction of pesticide usages has enhanced the permanency of IPM programs. With entomology this was accomplished through enhanced biological control in several commidites. Results from our program have been dissimated to be described in many ways, including Facebook, as well as (25-30) publications,as well as several placed on the website and some of our work in My IPM App at Clemson University with Distinguished Professor Francis Reay-Jones. Also, many hands-on meetings with producers in the presences of Parish extension agents, entomology, plant pathology, and weed science (over 50 among all agricultural disciplines) faculity have also been conducted. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In solving insect, plant pest, disease and weed problems numerous mitigation efforts are underway to better target pests in a manner to reduce "selection pressure" from any one control tactic. As mentioned earlier (from the continuation report) a greater than 50% reduction of Mexican rice borer control together with alternation of control tactics has resulted in greatly improved stalk borer control tactics resulted in greatly improved stalk borer control in sugarcane (monitoring continued). A key aspect of IPM with pesticideis to alternate with different pesticides modes of action which will greately reduce selection pressure. Modes of action which will greately reduce selection pressure. Numerous other IPM principles are cited in this report.During the next reporting period our studies will provide additional Bug Biz papers, and with completion of IPM-MyApp work with Clemson University.LSU Ag Center work has shown that the old world corn ear wormHeliothis(Heliocoverpa)armigeurafound in only 3 North Louisiana parishes, is never a pest in Louisiana, but is a serious pest in China, Australia, and Brazil; however, the Fall Army worm (Spodoptera frugiperda) is a very serious pest in crops throughout (corn and certain other grasses )Louisiana, the most severe insect pest throughout the world (field crop). Research with other universities indicates that resistance on triazoles and MBC (benzimidiazoles) may be occurring inCercospora sojinaand otherCorynesporainfestations. Information on resistance management was disseminated at parish producer meetings, pesticide recertification meetings, and the Louisiana Agricultural Technology and Management Conference. Field trials (soybean, cotton, corn, grain sorghum, and small grains) will continue to be evaluated for fungicide efficacy and genetic resistance on five experiment stations and several on farm tests. This information will be used to develop effective disease management programs for stakeholders. Studies on weed dynamics in Louisiana soybean were being discussed at the national meeting of the Weed Science Society of America in 2021 and published particularly for narrow row burning in the refereed Journal Frontiers in Agronomy. Information will be presented at the producer meetings and information on weed management recommendations for herbicides published in the Weed management guide with efforts to monitor pathogens resistant to pesticides. The LSU AgCenter PSEP will also continue working with key LSU AgCenter specialists on the Drift Mitigation Task Force to help identify deficiencies and gaps in clientele knowledge on drift mitigation. The pesticide safety education program will continue to update pesticide safety publications as new pesticide safety research becomes available. The PSEP program has updated three publications including a chapter in the general standards COREMANUEL that is utilized nationally as a commercialpreparation tool for prospective commercial and private pesticide applicators. The Two major field crops in Louisiana both had a banner year for grower release by the Louisiana Agricultural Center IPM DHEthe perspective of multidisciplinary plant resistance. In sugarcane for 2021, varieties L14-467 and HoCP 14-883 were released to growers for commercial production. Varieties L15-306 and LHo15-508 each with good disease and insect pest resistance were released in 2022. Additionally, commercial releases for Louisiana rice were CLL17 for 2021, an PVL03 in 2022. Other commodities in Louisiana had no new variety releases.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? 1) Highlighted in the article by Wilson, Blake "Spring Insect Outlook" written in the Sugar Bulletin-Apil 2022 vol 77 the number of pesticide applications for salk borer control (avg per field per season) has been reduced from greater than one to less than 1/2 appl/field annually. -Impact Major reduction in insecticide application in Louisiana Sugarcane, and its impact on reducing pesticide resistance. 2) Plant Disease and Insect Diagnostic Centers are better serving the needs of the stakeholders in all 64 parishes. 3)Increased interaction with stakeholders enhansing IPM knowledge. 4) Pesticide regulation enhanences application Safety, application timing and enviormental saftey. A particular application of this study involves flowering of weeds and the crop. Bees are seldom present without flowering, which allows the use of needed beetoxic pesticides. However our studies show that a crop with flowering weeds would not allow the application of bee-toxic pesticides.

    Publications

    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Christopher Carlton, Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Latrodectus mactans and L. various, Southern and Northern Black Widow Spiders (Araneae: Theridiidae) LSU Ag Center Pub 3796 (2021)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Christopher Carlton, Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Latrodectus geometricus, Brown Widow Spider (Araneae: Theridiidae) LSU Ag Center Pub 3797 (2021)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Leonardo D. Salgado, Huval, Forest, Rodriguez, Kensy D, Carlton, Christopher E. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Bemisia tabaci Middle East Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) species Silverleaf whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) LSU Ag Center 2021 Pub 3806
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Forest Huval, Reagan, Thomas E. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Solenopsis invicta, Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). 2021 LSU Ag Center Pub 3805
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Leonardo D. Salgado, Galo, David, Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E, Carlton, Christopher E. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Frankliniella occidentalis, Western Flower Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). 2021 LSU Ag Center Pub 3814
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Sam des Bordes, Kaylee Deynzer,Forest Huval, Reagan, Thomas E. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Spodoptera ornithogalli, Yellow-striped Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). 2021 LSU Ag Center Pub 3815
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Deynzer Kaylee, Richardson Steven Forest Huval, Reagan, Thomas E. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Helicoverpa zea, Corn Earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). 2021, LSU Ag Center Pub 3809
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Forest Huval, Carlton Christopher, Reagan, Thomas E. Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Steatoda triangulosa, Triangulate Cobweb Spider (Araneae: Theridiidae). 2021, LSU Ag Center Pub 3812
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Brown, Sebe, Fitzpatrick, Bentley J., Huang, Fangneng, Stout, Michael J., Reagan, Thomas E., Smith, Tara, Wilson, Blake, Davis, Jeff A., Brown, Kimberly Pope, Healy, Kristen, Diaz, Rodrigo, Sun, Qian, Lord, Nathan, Towles, Tyler. "2022 Louisiana Insect Pest Management Guide (online store item)". 2021, Publication No. 1838
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E., Carlton, Christopher E. "Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Phorodon cannabis, the Cannabis (Bhang) Aphids: (Hemiptera: Aphididae)". 2021, Publication No. 3778.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E., Carlton, Christopher E. "Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Diabrotica undecimpunctata, Spotted Cucumber Beetle". 2021, Publication No. 3779
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E., Carlton, Christopher E. "Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Danaus plexippus, Monarch Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)". 2021, Publication No. 3782
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Fellows, C.J., Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E., Carlton, Christopher E. "Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Xylocopa virginica, Eastern Carpenter Bee (Hymenoptera: Apidae)". 2021, Publication No. 3783
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Salgado, Leonardo, Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E., Carlton, Christopher E. "Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)". 2021, Publication No. 3784
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Salgado, Leonardo, Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E., Carlton, Christopher E. "Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Plutella xylostella, Diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)". 2021, Publication No. 3785
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Salgado, Leonardo, Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E., Carlton, Christopher E. "Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Spodoptera frugiperda, Fall armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)". 2021, Publication No. 3786
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chow, Able, Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E., Carlton, Christopher E. "Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Necrophila americana, American Carrion Beetle (Coleoptera: Silphidae)". 2021, Publication No. 3787
    • Type: Other Status: Submitted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Richardson, Steven, Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E. "Helicoverpa zea, Corn Earworm". 2021, Publication No. 3809
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E. "Piezodorus guildinii, Red Banded Stink Bug". 2021, Publication No. 3810
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Carlton, Christopher E., Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E. "Steatoda triangulosa, Triangulate Cobweb Spider". 2021, Publication No. 3812
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Carlton, Christopher E., Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E. "Tussock Moths, Orygia spp.". 2021, Publication No. 3813
    • Type: Websites Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Facebook Studies developed by collaboration with the South Carolina program of Francis Reay-Jones are programs (MyApp-IPM) for 1 Arial blight,2) Frogeve leaf spot, 3) Soybean rust 4) Target spot, and 5) Cercosporablight. Additional are the several My App efforts from 154 PM Bug Biz papers.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R., De Souza, M., Burks, T., and Price, T. 2021. First report of southern blight of industrial hemp caused by Athelia rolfsii in Louisiana. Plant Health Prog. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-05-21-0084-BR
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Kaur, H., De Souza, M., and Singh, R. 2021. Screening of existing and new boxwood cultivars for disease resistance and in vitro fungicide screening to manage boxwood dieback caused by Colletotrichum theobromicola. Plant Health Prog. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-03-21-0070-RS
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: De Souza, M., Singh, R., Harms, N. E., McPhedran, J., and Smart, A. N. 2021. First report of leaf spot caused by Septoria villarsiae on Nymphoides peltata in the United States. Plant Health Prog. 22 (2): 157-158. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-12-20-0104-BR
    • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021 Southeastern U.S. Vegetable Crop Handbook (contributing author) (https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/southeastern-us-vegetable-crop-handbook)
    • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021 Strawberry IPM Guide (contributing author) (https://smallfruits.org/files/2020/12/2021-Strawberry-IPM-Guide.pdf)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R., and De Souza, M. 2021. Satsuma Susceptibility to Citrus Canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. LSU AgCenter Publication 3789 (https://www.lsuagcenter.com/profiles/aiverson/articles/page1615492697112
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. "Are you Applying Right Chemical for the Right Disease, Landscape Pest Management Workshop,Hammond, Louisiana. 02/17/2022. (57 participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R.Basics of Plant Pathology and Plant Diagnostics, Louisiana Master Gardener Training, Bossier City,Louisiana. 02/10/2022. (22 Participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R.Disease Identification and Management in Louisiana Landscape, Southwest Louisiana LandscapeManagement Workshop, Lafayette, Louisiana. 01/11/2022. (54 participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. Basics of Plant Pathology and Plant Diagnostics, Louisiana Master Gardener Training,Raceland,Louisiana. 01/20/2022. (14 Participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. Managing Diseases of Golf Greens and Other Turfgrass Areas, Louisiana Turfgrass Association AnnualConference, Baton Rouge, Louisiana. 01/13/2022. (114 participants)
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Ornamental and Turfgrass Disease Identification and Management, Ornamental and Turfgrass Recertification Program, Lafayette, Louisiana. December 9, 2021. (85 participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Louisiana Citrus Clean Plant Network Overview CCPN Tier II Governing Body Annual Meeting, Virtual,December 6, 2021. (24 participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. New Industrial Hemp Disease Confirmed in Louisiana Science of Hemp II Annual Meeting, Virtual.November 19, 2021. (26 participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Louisiana State Diagnostics Highlights, SPDN Annual Virtual Meeting. November3, 2021. (28participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Boxwood Dieback Identification Boxwood Dieback Training, Forest Hill, Louisiana. October 19, 2021(33 participants)
    • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021 Blueberry IPM Guide (contributing author) (https://smallfruits.org/files/2021/01/2021-Blueberry-Spray-Guide.pdf)
    • Type: Books Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021 LSU AgCenter Plant Disease Management Guide (revised 24 chapters) (https://www.lsuagcenter.com/portals/communications/publications/management_guides/plant_disease_guide)
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Extension Factsheets Singh, R. 2022. Sooty Molds. LSU AgCenter Publication 3832 (Sooty Molds (lsuagcenter.com).
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Boxwood dieback ID Factsheet. LSU AgCenter Publication 3824A (Boxwood Dieback: Colletotrichum theobromicola (lsuagcenter.com).
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Laurel Wilt. LSU AgCenter Publication 3819 (https://www.lsuagcenter.com/articles/page1631653783966).
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Slime Molds. LSU AgCenter Publication 3817(https://www.lsuagcenter.com/articles/page1631134066221).
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Care For Freeze Damaged Palms. LSU AgCenter Publication 3748 (https://www.lsuagcenter.com/articles/page1623341999992).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Boxwood Dieback Management in Nursery and Landscapes Boxwood Dieback Training, Forest Hill,Louisiana. October 19, 2021 (33 participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Common Plant Disorders in Garden Vermilion Parish Gardening School, National Garden Clubs,Abbeville, Louisiana. September 2, 2021 (65 participants).
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Industrial Hemp New Diseases in Louisiana, LSU AgCenter Hemp working Group Meeting, BatonRouge, Louisiana., 2021. (14 participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Southern Bacterial Wilt of Solanaceous Crops in Louisiana, LSU AgCenter Virtual Vegetable Field Day,2021 (139 views).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Diseases of Boxwood and their Management in Landscape, LSU AgCenter Horticulture Field Day,Hammond, Louisiana., 2021. (57 participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Developing Effective Management Strategies for Fire blight and Rust Diseases in Mayhaw Production USMayhaw Growers Association Annual Meeting, Alexandria, Louisiana., 2021. (57 participants)
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Integrated Disease and Pest Management in Home Gardens LSU AgCenter Fall Gardening Program,Ferriday, Louisiana., 2021. (9 participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Disease Identification and Management in Ornamental and Turfgrass, Ornamental and Turfgrass Recertification Program, Lafayette, Louisiana. October 6, 2021. (59 participants)
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. New Diseases of Industrial Hemp in Louisiana, LSU AgCenter Virtual Industrial Hemp Day, BatonRouge, Louisiana. September 23, 2021 (94 views)
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Importance of Beneficial Insects in Maintaining Healthy Gardens, Vermilion Parish Gardening School,National Garden Clubs, Abbeville, Louisiana. September 2, 2021 (65 participants)
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Common Insect Pests in Garden Vermilion Parish Gardening School, National Garden Clubs, Abbeville,Louisiana. September 2, 2021 (65 participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Palm Phytoplasma and Boxwood Dieback Update, LDAF CAPS Annual Meeting, Online, Baton Rouge,Louisiana., 2021. (27 participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Boxwood Dieback- Current Status and Future Research LCAAA Annual Meeting, Natchitoches,Louisiana, 2021. (44 participants)
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Ornamental and Turfgrass Integrated Disease Management, LSU AgCenter Ornamental and TurfgrassRecertification Program. Alexandria, Louisiana. Virtual. March 30, 2021. (78 participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Boxwood dieback  Disease Identification and Management in Nurseries and Landscapes. Landscape PestManagement Training, Hammond Research Station, Hammond, Louisiana., 2021. (29 participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Medicinal Miracle Plant with Many Plant Health Problems, Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology Dept.Seminar. Baton Rouge, Louisiana. February 24, 2021. (28 Participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Boxwood Dieback Identification and Management in Landscapes, Beauregard MG Virtual Spring GardenForum, 2021. (22 participants).
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Boxwood Dieback: A New Emerging Disease of Boxwoods in the United States, NC State VirtualNursery Conference Webinar., 2021. (122 Participants)
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Turfgrass Diseases, Louisiana Turfgrass Association Annual Conference, MS Teams PPT. (72participants).
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. Extension Programming in Plant Pathology, LSU-Zamorano Online Extension Certification Program,International Programs, LSU AgCenter. February 23, 2021. (15 participants).
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. MedicinalMiracle Plant with Many Plant Health Problems, Southern Division APS Virtual AnnualMeeting Extension Symposium Virtual Talk., 2021. (40 participants).
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Sooty Molds. Louisiana Nursery and Landscape Association Quarterly Newsletter. Volume 76: 29-30.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Sooty Molds. LSU AgCenter Hort. Hints. 12/23/21.Singh, R. 2021. Laurel Wilt in Louisiana. LSU AgCenter Hort. Fall Hints. 10/29/21
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Laurel Wilt. Louisiana Nursery and Landscape Association Quarterly Newsletter, Volume 75: 26-27.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Southern Blight of Industrial Hemp. Louisiana Nursery and Landscape Association Quarterly Newsletter, Volume 74: 27.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Care for Freeze Damaged Palms. Louisiana Nursery and Landscape Association Quarterly Newsletter, Volume 73: 31-32.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Satsuma Cultivar Susceptibility to Citrus Canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. LSU AgCenter Hort. Hints
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Trees at LSU Lakes Turning White and Its not caused by a Plant Disease. LSU AgCenterFacebook Page. October 29, 2021.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Satsuma Cultivar Susceptibility to Citrus Canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. Louisiana Nursery and Landscape Association Quarterly Newsletter, Volume 73: 20-22.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. AgCenter Plant Diagnostic Center marks 10 years of solving plant health problems. LSUAgCenter Media News Release. November 24, 2021.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Crown rot detected in Louisiana strawberries. LSU AgCenter Media News Release.November 11, 2021
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. The Burdens of Southern Blight, in The Perils and Pressures of Growing Outdoor FeatureArt icle, HempGrower, September 2021 Issue. Jolene Hansen, Freelancer Writer, Hort. Industry. August 9,2021. (Hemp Grower - September 2021).
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Southern University Fungus Script. Dorothy Kendrick, Senior Producer, Louisiana PublicBroadcasting. July 21, 2021.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Continuous wet weather leads to slime molds in lawns and gardens. LSU AgCenter NewsRelease, May 6, 2021
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Warm, rainy weather brings vegetables plant diseases. LSU AgCenter News Release,04/19/21.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Singh, R. 2021. Caring for Freeze-Damaged Palms. Get it Growing Media Release, LSU AgCenter, 3/4/21
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Lazaro, L.M., G. LaBiche, D.O. Stephenson, J.T. Copes, D. Miller.Phenological Shifts in Flowering Due to Selection Pressures of Harvest Weed Seed Control. Annual Meeting of the Weed Science Society of America., 2021, Virtual.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Mestayer, K.M., G. L aBiche, K.L. Gage, S. Mirsky, C.G. Rubione, L.S. Shergill, M. VanGessel, L.M. Lazaro. Integration of Chaff Lining into Weed Management Programs in Soybean. Annual Meeting of the Weed Science Society of America., 2021, Virtual.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Shergill, L.S., A.D. Davis, J.A. Bond, J.K. Norsworthy, J. Lindquist, K.W. Bradley, L.M. Lazaro, M. Bish, M. VanGessel, M.L. Flessner, M.V. Bagavathiannan, N. Jordan, S. Mirky. Emergence Pattern of Economically Important Weeds in the North-Central, Mid-Atlantic, and South-Central Regions of the United States. Annual Meeting of the Weed Science Society of America., 2021, Virtual.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hiatt, B.N., L.M. Lazaro, D.O. Stephenson, J.T. Copes. Louisiana Soybean Response to Multiple Dicamba Drift Events at Various Time Intervals. Annual Meeting of the Southern Weed Science Society, 2021, Virtual.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Mestayer, K.M., L.M. Lazaro, G. LaBiche. Benefits of Chaff Lining in Soybean to Minimize Weed Populations in Louisiana. Annual Meeting of the Southern Weed Science Society, 2021, Virtual
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. 2022. "Getting to Know Laurel Wilt", LSU AgCenter Timber Tales, Volume 173: 12-13.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. Spring Garden Fest, Hammond, Louisiana. 04/23/2022.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. Northshore Garden Show and Plant Sale, Covington, Louisiana. 04/22/2022.
    • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Singh, R. Spring Garden Show, New Orleans, Louisiana. 04/02/2022.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Patterson,K.M.,L.M.Schwartz-Lazaro,G.LaBiche,andD.O.Stephenson,IV.2021.Effectsofnarrow-windrowburningonweeddynamicsinsoybeaninLouisiana.FrontiersinAgronomy3:730280.DOI:10.3389/fagro.2021.730280are the several My App effores from LSU Bug Biz Papers.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Mondal, S., Jenkins, L., Melanson, R., Singh, R., Sikora, E., and Wintermantel, W. 2022. First report of cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus and cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus in cucurbit crops in Alabama. Plant Dis. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-21-0922-PDN
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Mulcahy, Megan M., Blake E. Wilson, and Thomas E. Reagan. "Spatial Distribution of Lepidopteran Stem Borers in Louisiana Rice Fields." Environmental Entomology (2022)51(1): 108-117
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Mulcahy, Megan M., Blake E. Wilson, and Thomas E. Reagan. "Spatial distribution of Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in rice." Environmental Entomology 51.1 (2022): 108-117.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Kaur, H., Singh, R., Doyle, V. P., 2021. A Diagnostic TaqMan Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection and Quantification of Colletotrichum theobromicola, Causal Agent of Boxwood Dieback. Plant Dis. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-20-2439-RE
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Yang, Yubin, FPF Reay-Jones, T.E. Reagan, J.M. Beuzelin, B.E. Wilson, J.S. Davis, and J. Wang. "Sugarcane Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Sorghum. I. Population Characteristics and Dispersion Patterns in Relation to Different Sample Unit Sizes."Environmental Entomology50.2 (2021): 489-503.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Fellows, C.J., Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E., Carlton, Christopher E. "Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Bombus impatiens, Common Eastern Bumblebee (Hymenoptera: Apidae)". 2021, Publication No. 3780
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Salgado, Leonardo, Carlton, Christopher E., Huval, Forest, Reagan, Thomas E. "Bug Biz Pest Management and Identification Series: Diaphania nitidalis and Diaphania hyalinata, Pickleworm and Melonworm Moths (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)". 2021, Publication No. 3781