Source: UNIV OF MARYLAND submitted to NRP
MULTIDISCIPLINARY IPM SOLUTIONS FOR A DIVERSE STATE
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
OTHER GRANTS
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1027142
Grant No.
2021-70006-35473
Cumulative Award Amt.
$675,000.00
Proposal No.
2021-05141
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2021
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2024
Grant Year
2023
Program Code
[EIP]- Extension Implementation Program
Recipient Organization
UNIV OF MARYLAND
(N/A)
COLLEGE PARK,MD 20742
Performing Department
Entomology
Non Technical Summary
This is an EIP project. Maryland harbors a diverse population that makes pest management decisions and interacts with agriculture and natural resources in a variety of contexts. Therefore, IPM programming for the state must reflect and serve the needs of this diversity. In this project, faculty specialists and Extension agents associated with the University of Maryland College Park and UM Extension will continue to build on our strong Extension and applied research foundation as well as our rich network of collaborations to serve our clientele and expand our reach to new audiences. This proposal addresses the following EIP Primary Priority Areas: Agronomic Crops (30% of budget), Communities (10% of budget), Specialty Crops -Vegetables and Fruits (17% of budget), Specialty Crops -Green Industry (12.30% of budget), Pollinator Health (21.70% of budget) and IPM Coordination (9% of budget). The proposed programming aligns with National IPM Roadmap goals of improving environmental and human health through the promotion and adoption of economical and appropriate IPM practices. It also aligns with priorities in all Crop Protection and Pest Management (CPPM) focal areas, encouraging the adoption of new and sustainable pest management tactics, promoting and developing early-warning and decision-support systems, providing IPM knowledge and expertise in non-traditional settings, and contributing extension and IPM training. Besides targeting rural, suburban, and urban populations, this project includes activities that appropriately reach the diverse Maryland population, which, along with our collaboration with other institutions and programs, increases our service to underserved communities (e.g., small and beginning farmers, Latinx population).
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
21624991060100%
Knowledge Area
216 - Integrated Pest Management Systems;

Subject Of Investigation
2499 - Plant research, general;

Field Of Science
1060 - Biology (whole systems);
Goals / Objectives
Agronomic Crops1) help stakeholders avoid losses by showcasing field plots that aid with variety selection and encourage the adoption of pest-monitoring and early-warning systems2) facilitate adoption of best-management practices using workshops, field days, and other demonstration activities, which will be responsive to invasive and emerging pest issuesGreen Industry1) Educate stakeholders by providing research-based, timely information and training on diagnostics and IPM of native and invasive pests2) help stakeholders adopt sustainable pest management practicesFruits and Vegetables1) demonstrate the efficacy of multi-tactic pest control strategies to reduce input costs and crop losses2) provide timely communication of pest-management options directly to targeted audiences to improve implementation of new IPM practicesCommunities1) develop and deliver IPM training for UME Master Gardeners, allowing them to educate the public about IPM best-management practices2) train students and early career professionals in Extension IPM, and mentor them to develop effective communication tools to educate MD residents3) develop training materials for conservation biocontrol landscape management techniques to promote beneficial insectsPollinator Health1) promote best-health practices for the protection of managed and wild pollinators2) promote the establishment of pollinator habitat in agroecosystems and surrounding suburban areas3) create innovative educational resources to extend our reach to new audiences.
Project Methods
Agronomic CropsEvaluation1- We will collect program impact data from surveys conducted at Extension events and through one-on-one discussions during Extension consultations.2- Efforts will also be made to evaluate adoption of IPM best-management practices during consultations.Green IndustryEvaluation1- Pre and post-tests / surveys will be conducted to document change in knowledge, quality of programs and presenters, usefulness of information, likelihood of stakeholders adopting new IPM practices, and economic and environmental impacts.2- Feedback will be continuously solicited via phone, email, site visits, and the IPMnet web site. 3- We will also use website and social media analytics to quantify reach. Fruits and VegetablesEvaluation1- Statistics will be tracked on programming enrollment, access of online content, and sign-ups for IPM newsletters and alert listservs.2- Surveys will be conducted of program participants to evaluate knowledge gained and assess future educational needs, while assessing adoption of learned tactics and changes in yield and profit.CommunitiesEvaluation1- Qualtrics links to post-class evaluations will be emailed to training participants.2- We will conduct stakeholder and faculty interviews to more fully evaluate the impact of advanced IPM training and online training classes.Pollinator HealthEvaluation1- We will use focused participant surveys to monitor beekeeper best practice adoption rates, evaluate the resulting impacts on colony survivorship, and measure other changes in practices.2- We will survey attendees and we will maintain contact with them to evaluate whether they implement the practices on the land they manage3-Lesson plans and kits will be evaluated yearly, and reviewed accordingly for the following camp season,Discussions with Extension educators will highlight knowledge gaps and guide presentation of information.4- For online information, we will measure reach and number of visits, and social media analytics. This will identify topics that trigger most interest, what will be used to design the next posts.

Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/24

Outputs
Target Audience:Here, we present our audience by priority area. Agronomic Crops Maryland grain farmers Maryland citizens Agricultural service providers Extension professionals Maryland Department of Agriculture Noxious Weed Section Others interested in Maryland grain production Communities The target audience for our programming is two-fold. First, our UME Master Gardener program trainees and Certified UME Master Gardeners. They are a diverse group of residents from across the state of Maryland. They receive approximately 40 hours of classroom training and become volunteer horticulture educators who promote sustainable gardening practices and IPM methods throughout their county. We also reach members of the general public through the UME Master Gardeners working in their communities, as well through our Home & Garden Information Center website, YouTube short videos, Instagram and Facebook posts, and Maryland Grows blog. An additional audience is all Maryland residents and landscape contractors who manage green spaces in the state. This includes private landowners, business owners, urban foresters, and state and local municipal workers. Vegetables and Fruits Diversified specialty crop growers in Maryland Orchard crop growers New and beginning farmers Grower associations Undergraduate and graduate students Green Industry The green industry stakeholder groups we serve include greenhouse, nursery, landscape, and turf management professionals, cut flower growers, private IPM Consultants, foresters, Extension educators and adult volunteers such as Master Gardeners and Master Naturalists, members of government agencies, and citizens. Pollinator Health Honeybee health. Maryland and National Beekeepers. Pollinator habitat. Farmers, home gardeners and city planners, Master Gardeners program, UME HGIC. Educational resources. Youth K-12, train-the-trainer meetings to increase pollinator health expertise in Environment and Natural Resources as well as Agriculture Extension teams. Farmers, home gardeners, general public (blogs and talks). Overall Audience: Blog in Spanish: Spanish speaker horticulturists, home gardeners, general public, farmers, from Maryland and the USA Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Agronomic Crops Early career scientists including 6 undergraduates and 2 graduate students developed skills in slug and insect pest identification and sustainable management, including design and execution of field demonstration plots, coordinating and logistics, data collection and curation, among other topics. Training in Extension and science communication (both written and oral) was provided. This project allowed for enhanced collaboration between UMD and the Maryland Department of Agriculture Noxious Weed Section. UMD was able to share latest research findings and recommendations for managing herbicide resistant weeds through professional development training and collaborated to create and deliver factsheet on weed management. Green Industries NA Vegetables and Fruits Hands-on training sessions were provided for extension agents, growers, and interns on the use of drone technology for pest control, including proper application techniques and calibration methods. Workshops and field days allowed growers to learn about the advantages of multi-tactic IPM strategies, including the integration of chemical, biological, and mechanical pest control methods. The project mentored summer interns, such as those who worked on pest management research in crops like squash, collard greens, blueberries, and blackberries, enhancing their research and IPM application skills. Undergraduate and graduate students mentioned in apple fruit quality assessments. The project provided training on the latest IPM practices through webinars, field days, and workshops, particularly focused on new pest control technologies such as drones and updated chemical and biological control options. Interns were trained in data collection, analysis, and pest control strategies, equipping them with practical experience for future agricultural careers. Communities Our UME Master Gardeners (over 500) received training through the webinar and in-person continuing education events that we hosted for them. They also received training through our Bay-Wise conference and Ask A Master Gardner Plant Clinic training webinars. See Goal 2 above in accomplishments: many undergraduate and graduate students, as well as postdocs and staff, were trained and gained experience in translating scientific research results into Extension content through this grant. Pollinator Health Our work has allowed training beekeepers in the Mid-Atlantic and elsewhere in the USA, on best practices for hive management. Our work has also permitted trainingExtension Educators through the monthly Apiculture Extension Educators of America meetings. Our extension activities provided opportunities for professional development and training for twograduate students, a post-docand several extension agents and educators. Several graduate and undergraduates students and a postdoc participated in creating educationaldocuments. The documents themselves served in the training of instructors and of extension agents. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Agronomic Crops Numerous factsheets, identification guides and tools, articles, and research reports have been disseminated to the target audience through field days, on-farm demonstrations, twilight tours, workshops and conferences. For example, more than 17 Extension talks were delivered to over 1,611 stakeholders and 20 educational Extension articles/blogs to an indirect audience of over 176,000 stakeholders. More than 4 Extension events with greater than 380 direct contacts were also provided. Green Industries Results obtained and information learned were disseminated to the various stakeholder groups (target audiences) using a variety of methods. These include electronic newsletters and stakeholder websites; publications in professional, trade, and extension magazines and journals; presentations at professional meetings (entomology and plant pathology), Green Industry Association and stakeholder conferences and workshops, UMD short course; social media; and media (print, TV). Vegetables and Fruits The results were shared during summer field days, demonstration events, and grower tours, including a showcase of trial results on blackberries, blueberries, watermelon, and pest control in collard greens and squash. Presentations at regional grower meetings and conferences, such as the Lower Shore Vegetable Growers Meeting and Women in Agriculture Conference, allowed for direct dissemination of findings to farmers and agricultural professionals. Publications in newsletters like the Maryland Fruit Vegetable and Fruit News, as well as factsheets and electronic newsletters, helped reach a broader audience with up-to-date information on pest management strategies. All results shared nationally, regionally and locally in English and Spanish via different extension venues. The project's findings were shared through extension newsletters, workshops, and field days, ensuring that growers received timely pest-management information. Grower meetings and conferences provided platforms to present pest-management research findings directly to farmers, with a focus on adopting new IPM strategies that improve efficiency and reduce input costs. Social media and online resources allowed for quick dissemination of critical information during the growing season, ensuring farmers had access to the latest pest-management recommendations. Communities MG trainings and community presentations Home & Garden Information Center website Home & Garden Information Center Facebook and Instagram accounts Home & Garden Information Center YouTube channel Maryland Grows blog Extension publications Burghardt lab blog Extension in Espanol posts Publications in scientific journals (1 published, 1 in review) IPM Research Seminars Stakeholder talks and workshops (Garden clubs, landscape contractors, local government arborists etc.) Pollinator Health Triannual talks to the Maryland State Beekeepers Association and to beekeeping groups from the Mid-Atlantic. Maryland State Beekeepers meetings and lab open houses. We disseminated information on pollinators and pollinator-friendly practices throughtfield days, demonstrations, talks, appearances in the media and guides. We further disseminated information through blogs (Spanish and English)and websites, newsletters and at outreach events, as well as multilingual media events. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Agronomic Crops Aim 1) Field plots used to host field days and disseminate information on fertility and variety impacts on orchardgrass hay yields and persistence over time. Insect traps and pheromone lures distributed to >6 extension agents to help monitor pests. These traps were used to demonstrate monitoring techniques to farmers. Aim 2) Five on-farm demonstration trials developed best management recommendations for managing herbicide resistant weeds in Maryland grain crops. Soybean IPM plots provided stakeholders with fungicide efficacy data. Launched On-Farm Trials research program, which facilitates peer learning and we can utilize stakeholders to encourage practice adoption among their networks. Piloted a zero-risk farmer participation extension demonstration trial where participants select novel management practices, and the management is executed at a University research center.This approach encourages extreme experimentation from participants who do not have to bear the financial risk of a potential negative outcome. Green Industry Aim 1) Implemented demonstration research projects to develop research-based pest management recommendations Evaluated effectiveness ofmycoinsecticides (BotaniGard, Beauveria bassiana) to suppress adult spotted lanternfly (SLF)populations and determine optimal application techniques. Conducted field trialsof the mycoinsecticide (Lalaguard, Metarhizium brunneum) to suppress adult SLF populations in nurseries with active SLF populations. Implemented pest and disease management trials of using unmanned aerial vehiclesfor applying pest and disease management products. Initiated a trial evaluating fungicides for managing Swiss needle cast on Douglas fir trees. Aim 2) IPM training efforts of stakeholders Advanced Landscape IPM PHC Short Courseheld each year. 141 attendees from landscape maintenance and arborist industries; 75 participants received training on diseases, arthropod pests and beneficial insects. IPM Scout Training events conducted. A training session in landscape and greenhouse crop diagnostics and IPM scouting techniques for 13 green industry professionals. A 2-Day intensive Drone School for Professional Horticulturists was organized.Ten professionals trained. National Biological Control Conference - Initiated a two-day national biological control conference for the commercial horticulture industry. (93 professional horticulturist attended). Cut Flower Grower Field Day.Demonstration of steam sterilization using portablesteam devices, to control nematodes, diseases, weeds and insects in commercial cut flower fields (53 cut flower growers participated). Green Industry Association and stakeholder coordinated training events. 95 presentations to stakeholder audiences. Reach: 5,447 stakeholders. Extension Publications Ninety-six issues of Landscape and Nursery IPM Alert newsletterpublished. 5000+ online views per year, 5000 subscribers.25 issues of The Greenhouse/Cut Flower IPM Alert newsletter (594 subscribers, plus 79 online views). Extension in Spanish blog - Nine articles blogged on pest and beneficial organisms in Spanish (views: 650). 34 articles published on pest issues and research results in trade magazines. Social Media / Print and On-line Media Interacted with the media to provide timely information on pest and plant management issues. MaintainedIPMnet website,the IPMnet Facebook pageand the "Hot Topics" section of the website. Pest Prediction Calendar. Updated Degree Day and Plant Phenological Indicators information for ~20 pests and added 8 new ones, including links, images and extension publications.(206 views) Fruits and Vegetables Aim 1) Field trials conducted to test multi-tactic pest control strategies, including the use of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) techniques. Specific trials included: Drone-based pesticide applications in watermelon crops. Applications can reduce labor and input costs by allowing more precise pesticide use. Testing of organic squash IPM and collard greens insecticide trials to identify cost-effective pest management strategies. Grafted watermelon trials to assess the effectiveness of Fusarium wilt control. Aim 2) Real-time pest alerts and timely updates sent out via email and social media. Alerts allowed farmers to respond quickly to emerging pest threats and implement IPM strategies. Educational newsletters (e.g.,Fruit Pulse: Apple Maturity News) provided ongoing guidance on pest control practices and crop management during the growing season. Direct outreach through extension agents and workshops ensured that new IPM practices were effectively communicated and adopted by the farming community. Communities Aim 1) Hosted 10+ continuing education events for UME Master Gardeners (500+ participants) on IPM topics. Hosted a Bay-Wise / Conservation Landscaping conference (122 participants). Hosted Ask A Master Gardener Plant Clinic updatesto teach UME Master Gardeners how to help community members manage pests and diseases using IPM practices (1,024 participants). Updated the IPM and Plant Diagnostics chapters in our Maryland Master Gardener Handbook. Completed 6 interactive online training modules in Weeds, Plant Pathology, Vegetable Garden IPM, Pesticide Safety, IPM, and Conservation Landscaping Created a Sustainable Horticulture certificate course (75 participants). Aim 2) A graduate student completed a dissertation with substantial Extension elements. Supported a peer-reviewed extension publication led by a Postdoctoral trainee and faculty specialist. Graduate students and staff developed and delivered Extension training. 10+ Extension newsletter/video training products by students, postdocs, and staff. Creation of Maryland-specific tree planting guide through a team lab Extension project training 5 lab members compiling information and creating user-friendly content. Aim 3) Development of content in 4 "IPM in communities" subject areas Delivered through 20 invited presentations or 3-4 hour hands-on workshops to community groups to at least 1200 audience members. Peer-reviewed Extension publication on conserving beneficial insects in yards Numerous blog posts and integration of sustainable IPM content into HGIC web pages. 30+ informal responses to community member email and phone inquiries. Delivered IPM Research results through the Cornell University IPM Academic Seminar Series to 50 attendees. Pollinator Health Aim 1) Provided Triannual talksto the Maryland State beekeepers association (~100 people per session).Provided Varroa monitoring/treatment and best management practice outreach, hands on programs, online resources, and direct email engagement to all MD beekeepers. Provided ~40 talks to beekeeping groups in MD, PA, and VA. Held anin person Maryland State beekeepers meeting at UMD with an lab open house and activities to showcase the behind the scenes capabilities of our diagnostic lab(90+ beekeepers attending). Administered an online extension survey which has now further informed our extension goals for the next 3-5 years. Aim 2) Reached farmers, city planners, members of the general public and Spanish speakers from our region to promote the establishment of pollinator habitat. We facilitated the establishment or pollinator habitat and the use of pollinator-friendly practices among these communities. Aim 3) Produced popular diverse materials that were disseminated and adopted by diverse audiences (youth, producers, general public, farmers, home gardeners), such as newsletters, blogs, extension articles. Appeared in the media, promoting pollinator health among Spanish and English speakers. We contributed over 60 blog posts on pollination and pollinator-friendly practices (500K+ views). We established a bilingual extension blog, which has now hosted over 100 Extension articles in Spanish (>12K monthly views).

Publications

  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Evans, K., El-Hifnawi, J., Hooks, C., & Esp�ndola, A. (2023). Benefits of Cross-Pollination in Vegetable Soybean Edamame: Cross-Pollination in Vegetable Soybean Edamame. Journal of Pollination Ecology, 35, 329340. https://doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2023)728
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Evans, K.C. , Esp�ndola A., Hooks C.R.R. Flower Power: Floral Diversity Attracts Beneficial Arthropods in an Edamame Agroecosystem. Roots in Research Newsletter. August 2023. https://agnr.umd.edu/roots-research-newsletter-beltsville-facility-2022
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Ferlauto, M., Schmitt, L., & Burghardt, K. (2024). Legacy effects of long-term autumn leaf litter removal slow decomposition rates and reduce soil carbon in suburban yards. Plants, People, Planet, 6(4), 875884. https://doi.org/10.1002/ppp3.10499
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2024 Citation: Ferlauto, Max and Burghardt, Karin, (in review) Removing Autumn Leaves in Suburban Yards as a Landscaping Practice Reduces the Spring Emergence of Overwintering Insects. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4959249
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Madeline E. Potter, Jonathan S. Bremer, Matthew R. Moore, Elijah J. Talamas, Paula M. Shrewsbury. 2023. Telenomus cristatus Johnson (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae): new diagnostic data, distribution records and host associations. Biodiveristy Data Journal 11: e111347. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e111347
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Yong-Lak Park, Kyungsan Choi, John Cullum, Kim A. Hoelmer, Donald C. Weber, William R. Morrison III, Kevin B. Rice, Greg Krawczyk, Shelby J. Fleischer, George Hamilton, Dalton Ludwick, Anne L. Nielsen, Joseph Kaser, Dean Polk, Paula M. Shrewsbury, J. Christopher Bergh, Thomas P. Kuhar, and Tracy C. Leskey. 2023. Landscape-Scale Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Halyomorpha halys (St�l) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Populations: Implications for Spatially-Based Pest Management. Pest Management Science. Sept 2023, pgs 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.7772
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: James R. Hepler, W. Rodney Cooper, John P. Cullum, Chris Dardick, Liam Dardick, Laura J. Nixon, Derek J. Pouchnik, Michael J. Raupp, Paula Shrewsbury, Tracy C. Leskey. 2023. Do adult Magicicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) feed? Historical perspectives and evidence from molecular gut content analysis. Journal of Insect Science. 23(5): 13; 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/jisesa/iead082
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: P. Chaverri, M. Romberg, M. Montero-Vargas, J. McKemy, K. Rane, C. Balbalian, L. Castlebury. 2023. Phylogeographic and phylogenomic structure of the quarantine plant pathogen Colletotrichum liriopes, including new reports in the United States. Plant Disease 107: 2579-2897. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-22-2324-RE
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Gill, Stanton, B. Kunkel, S. Klick, K. Floyd, S. ODonnell, A. Leslie. 2024. Unmanned aerial vehicle applications of low-risk pesticides for Japanese maple scale. Arthropod Management Test, Entomological Society of America.
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Gill, Stanton, B. Kunkel, S. Klick. S. ODonnell, A. Leslie. 2024. Spotted Lanternfly Control. Arthropod Management Test, Entomological Society of America.
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Gill, Stanton, B. Kunkel, S. Klick, K. Floyd, S. ODonnell, A. Leslie. 2024. Use of unmanned aerial vehicles to apply insecticides to control white prunicola scale. Arthropod Management Test, Entomological Society of America.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Landscape and Nursery IPM Alert Newsletter was sent weekly from Sept. 1, 2023  Nov. 2024, and March-Aug 2024 to commercial stakeholders in Maryland and thirteen states.  S. Gill, K. Rane, P. Shrewsbury, et al. (5,344 recipients).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: The Greenhouse/Cut Flower IPM Alert Newsletter was sent monthly in Sept-October 2023 and February-Aug 2024 - S. Gill, K. Rane, et al. (594 recipients)
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Fiorellino, N.M., L.A. Thorne, and J. Crank. 2023. 2023 Maryland State Soybean Variety Trials. College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, College Park, MD. (https://psla.umd.edu/extension/md-crops/)
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Fiorellino, N.M., L.A. Thorne, and J. Crank. 2023. 2023 Maryland Corn Hybrid Performance Tests. College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, College Park, MD. (https://psla.umd.edu/extension/md-crops/)
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kness, A.A. (2023). Effect of foliar fungicides on frogeye leaf spot in three Maryland geographies, 2022. Plant Disease Management Reports, Vol. 17. APS Crop Protection and Management Collection.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Spice, V., Vollmer, K., Beale, B. (2023) Noxious Weed Fact Sheet: Palmer Amaranth. Maryland Department of Agriculture. https://mda.maryland.gov/Documents/Palmer%20amaranth%201-pager%20fact%20sheet%20FINAL.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Spice, V., Vollmer, K., Beale, B. (2023) Noxious Weed Postcard: Palmer Amaranth is Emerging. Maryland Department of Agriculture.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Spice V., Vollmer K., Beale B. (2023) Noxious Weed Fact Sheet: Canada Thistle. Maryland Department of Agriculture. https://mda.maryland.gov/plants-pests/Documents/Canada%20Thistle%20Fact%20Sheet.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Vollmer K, Beale B (2023) A Guide for Identifying Pigweed Species Commonly Found in Maryland. University of Maryland Extension Bulletin EB-2023-0654 https://extension.umd.edu/resource/guide-identifying-pigweed-species-commonly-found-maryland-eb-2023-0654/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Musser, F.R., Bick, E., Brown, S.B., Crow, W.D., Davis, J.A., DiFonzo, C., Floyd, C., Graham, S.H., Greene, J.K., Hamby, K.A., Kerns, D., Malone, S., Owens, D., Reisig, D.D., Roberts, P.M., Seiter, N.J., Sisson, A.J., Thrash, B.C., Tilmon, K.J., Villanueva, R.T. 2024. 2023 Soybean insect losses in the United States. Midsouth Entomologist 17:6-30. https://midsouthentomologist.org.msstate.edu/Volume17/17%206-30%20Musser%20et%20al.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Cramer, M., and Hamby, K. 2023. Optimizing early season pest management for Maryland field corn. University of Maryland Agronomy News: November 2023 14(8): 3-6.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hamby, K and Owens, D. 2023. Scout for Aphids in Small Grains. University of Maryland Agronomy News: October 2023 14(7): 5-6.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sisson, A., Musser, F., Crow, W., Bick, E., Brown, S., Davis, J.A., DiFonzo, C., Floyd, C., Graham, S.H., Greene, J.K., Hamby, K., Kerns, D., Malone, S., Owens, D., Reisig, D.D., Roberts, P., Seiter, N.J., Thrash, B., Tilmon, K., Villanueva, R.T. 2024. Soybean invertebrate loss estimates from the United States - 2023. Crop Protection Network CPN 1029-23. https://cropprotectionnetwork.org/publications/soybean-invertebrate-loss-estimates-from-the-united-states-2023
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Reisig, D., Graham, S., Bateman, N., Studebaker, G., Meyer, R., Reay-Jones, F., Wise, K., Owens, D., Buntin, G. D., Smith, J., Seiter, N., Sisson, A., Zukoff, A., Villanueva, R., Hamby, K., Cramer, M. #, DiFonzo, C., Yang, F., Hutchison, B., Crow, W., Towles, T., Floyd, C., Bradshaw, J., Peterson, J., Beauzay, P., Knodel, J., Krupke, C., Tilmon, K., Baute, T., Varenhorst, A., Brown, S., Kerns, D., Porter, P., Malone, S., and Bick, E. 2024. Corn Invertebrate Loss Estimates from the United States and Ontario, Canada  2023. Crop Protection Network. CPN 2019-23. https://cropprotectionnetwork.org/publications/corn-invertebrate-loss-estimates-from-the-united-states-and-ontario-canada-2023
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Sater, H, and Beale, B. Optimizaci�n de la densidad de plantas para cultivo utilizando sand�as injertadas como soluci�n al marchitamiento por Fusarium. Extensi�n en Espa�ol. Mar 2024. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/03/25/optimizacion-de-la-densidad-de-plantas-para-cultivo-utilizando-sandias-injertadas-como-solucion-al-marchitamiento-por-fusarium/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sater, H. Start Growing Thornless Blackberries: How to Prepare and Select Cultivars for the Mid-Atlantic. Dec 2023. University of Maryland Extension Factsheet. FS-2023-0660. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/start-growing-thornless-blackberries-how-prepare-and-select-cultivars-mid-atlantic-fs-2023-0660/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sater, H. Strawberries and Fall Nitrogen. Maryland Fruit Vegetable and Fruit News. Aug 2023. Volume 14, Issue 6. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/strawberries-and-fall-nitrogen/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sater, H, and Beale, B. Graphed Watermelon Study. Maryland Fruit Vegetable and Fruit News. Nov 2023. Volume 14, Issue 8. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/grafted-watermelon-spacing-study/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Farcuh, M., and Sater, H. Fruit Pulse: Apple Maturity News. 19 Electronic Newsletters. Aug-Nov 2023. Subscribers 386. https://us7.campaign-archive.com/home/?u=a66937de4510a30c1fa107eef&id=e57f4d44ce
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Miah, S., Farcuh, M. Dec 2023. Important Apple Cultivars in the Mid-Atlantic Region. University of Maryland Extension, Extension Bulletin. EB-2023-0684. https://go.umd.edu/EB-2023-0684
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Tracton, T., Farcuh, M. March 2024. Controlling Bitter Pit in Apples: Best Practices for Growers. University of Maryland Extension Factsheet FS-2023-0701.https://go.umd.edu/FS-2023-0701
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Johnson, E., Farcuh, M. Feb 2024. Comparing the impact of ReTain� and HarvistaTM on fruit quality and maturity of Ambrosia apples. Pennsylvania Fruit News 104(1): 38-41 (readership ~ 587 stakeholders).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Johnson, E., Farcuh, M. August 2024. Keeping CO2 at bay: avoiding CO2 injury in apples. University of Maryland Extension Vegetable and Fruit News 15(7): 3-4. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/keeping-co2-bay-avoiding-co2-injury-apples/ (readership ~2,500 stakeholders).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Nosko, R. !, Farcuh, M.* July 2024. Internal browning in plums: contributing factors and practical solutions. University of Maryland Extension Vegetable and Fruit News 15(5): 2-3. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/internal-browning-plums-contributing-factors-and-practical-solutions/ (readership ~2,500 stakeholders).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Farcuh, M. May 2024. Rootstock effect on Buckeye Gala Tree Performance, Maturity and Fruit Quality. Roots in Research WMREC Headquarters- Keedysville Facility- Yield Year 2023. University of Maryland Extension. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/rootstock-effect-buckeye-gala-tree-performance-maturity-and-fruit-quality/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Lee, I., Farcuh, M. May 2024. Greasiness in apples: why it happens and how to prevent it? Peach. University of Maryland Extension Vegetable and Fruit News 15(3): 3-4. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/greasiness-apples-why-it-happens-and-how-prevent-it/ (readership ~2,500 stakeholders).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Salas, A., Farcuh, M. Sep 2023. Superficial Scald in Apples: Strategies and Solutions. University of Maryland Extension Vegetable and Fruit News 14(7): 1-2. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/superficial-scald-apples-strategies-and-solutions (readership ~2,500 stakeholders).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Nwogu, O. !, Farcuh, M.* Apr 2024. Peach Bronzing: Insights into a Troublesome Skin Disorder. University of Maryland Extension Vegetable and Fruit News 15(1): 4-5. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/peach-bronzing-insights-troublesome-skin-disorder/ (readership ~2,500 stakeholders).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Farcuh, M. Dec 2023. 2019 Buckeye Gala NC-140 Apple Rootstock Trial. Roots in Research WMREC Headquarters- Keedysville Facility- Yield Year 2022. University of Maryland Extension. https://agnr.umd.edu/2019-buckeye-gala-nc-140-apple-rootstock-trial-1/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Miroquesada, A., Farcuh, M. Aug 2023. Causes and Prevention of Chilling Injury in Honeycrisp apples. University of Maryland Extension Vegetable and Fruit News 14(6): 6-7. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/causes-and-prevention-chilling-injury-honeycrisp-apples (readership ~2,500 stakeholders).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Farcuh, M. Sep 2024. �C�mo impactan las lluvias de vernao en la calidad de la fruta? Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/09/09/como-impactan-las-lluvias-de-verano-en-la-calidad-de-la-fruta/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Farcuh, M. Aug 2024. Alteraciones fisiol�gicas en manzanas: Da�o por Di�xido de Carbono. Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/08/12/alteraciones-fisiologicas-en-manzanas-dano-por-dioxido-de-carbono/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Farcuh, M. June 2024. Pardeamiento interno en ciruelas. Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/06/10/pardeamiento-interno-en-ciruelas/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Farcuh, M. May 2024. Variedades de manzanas de cosecha tard�a importantes para la regi�n del Atl�ntico Medio. Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/05/06/variedades-de-manzanas-de-cosecha-tardia-importantes-para-la-region-del-atlantico-medio/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Farcuh, M. Apr 2024. Variedades de manzanas de media estaci�n importantes para la regi�n del Atl�ntico Medio. Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/04/08/variedades-de-manzanas-de-media-estacion-importantes-para-la-region-del-atlantico-medio/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Farcuh, M. Mar 2024. Variedades de manzanas de cosecha temprana importantes para la regi�n del Atl�ntico Medio. Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/03/11/variedades-de-manzanas-de-cosecha-temprana-importantes-para-la-region-del-atlantico-medio/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Farcuh, M. Feb 2024. Presencia de grasitud en manzanas. Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/02/12/presencia-de-grasitud-en-manzanas/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Farcuh, M. Sep 2023. �Qu� son esas manchas en mis manzanas? Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2023/09/25/que-son-esas-manchas-en-mis-manzanas/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Farcuh, M. Sep 2023. El mel�n: una fruta deliciosa, saludable y altamente diversa. Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2023/09/05/el-melon-una-fruta-deliciosa-saludable-y-altamente-diversa/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. El miedo a los insectos: Entendiendo nuestros miedos para ayudar a la conservaci�n, Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog, October 28, 2024. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/10/28/el-miedo-a-los-insectos-entendiendo-nuestros-miedos-para-ayudar-a-la-conservacion/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. "Fear of Insects: Understanding Our Fears to Help Conservation, Maryland Grows, October 7, 2024. https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2024/10/07/fear-of-insects-understanding-our-fears-to-help-conservation/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Farcuh, M. Jan 2024. Bronceado del durazno/melocot�n. Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/01/15/bronceado-del-durazno-melocoton/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Farcuh, M. Dec 2023. �C�mo evaluar la calidad de la fruta en manzanas? Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2023/12/18/como-evaluar-la-calidad-de-la-fruta-en-manzanas/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Farcuh, M. Nov 2023. Uso de atm�sfera controlada para el almacenamiento de manzanas a lasrgo plazo. Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2023/11/27/uso-de-atmosfera-controlada-para-el-almacenamiento-de-manzanas-a-largo-plazo/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Farcuh, M. Nov 2023. Almacenamiento en fr�o para manzanas y duraznos/melocotones Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2023/11/06/almacenamiento-en-frio-para-manzanas-y-duraznos-melocotones/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. "Heat Waves Affect Pollination Too, Maryland Grows, August 5, 2024. https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2024/08/05/heat-waves-affect-pollination-too/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. Actividades comunitarias para ayudar a los polinizadores  los Bee City y Campus USA, Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog, September 30, 2024. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/09/30/actividades-comunitarias-para-ayudar-a-los-polinizadores-los-bee-city-y-campus-usa/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. "Community Partnerships for Pollinators, Maryland Grows, September 9, 2024. https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2024/09/09/community-partnerships-for-pollinators/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. �Las olas de calor tambi�n afectan a la polinizaci�n!, Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog, August 5, 2024. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/08/05/las-olas-de-calor-tambien-afectan-a-la-polinizacion/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. Un grupo de polinizadores poco conocido: �los escarabajos! Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog, June 17, 2024. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/06/17/un-grupo-de-polinizadores-poco-conocido-los-escarabajos/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. " Support Our Insects at Night, Maryland Grows, June 12, 2024. https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2024/06/12/support-our-insects-at-night/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. Apoyando a nuestros insectos durante la noche Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog, May 13, 2024. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/05/13/apoyar-a-nuestros-insectos-durante-la-noche/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. " The Shared History of Wasps and Bees, And How Bees May Have Become Vegetarian, Maryland Grows, May 13, 2024. https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2024/05/13/the-shared-history-of-wasps-and-bees-and-how-bees-may-have-become-vegetarian/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. La historia compartida de las avispas y las abejas, y c�mo las abejas pueden haberse vuelto vegetarianas Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog, April 15, 2024. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/04/15/la-historia-compartida-de-las-avispas-y-las-abejas-y-como-las-abejas-pueden-haberse-vuelto-vegetarianas/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: ONeill, J., Esp�ndola, A. Research Update from the Serpentine Grasslands: Pollinators in a Rare and Endangered Habitat, Maryland Grows, April 8, 2024. https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2024/04/08/research-update-from-the-serpentine-grasslands-pollinators-in-a-rare-and-endangered-habitat/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. Abejas que anidan en ramas y ramitas Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog, March 18, 2024. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/03/18/abejas-que-anidan-en-ramas-y-ramitas/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. Stem-Nesting Bees in Maryland, Maryland Grows, March 11, 2024. https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2024/03/11/stem-nesting-bees-in-maryland/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. Los suplementos florales apoyan al ecosistema en nuestros espacios verdes Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog, March 18, 2024. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/02/19/los-suplementos-florales-apoyan-al-ecosistema-en-nuestros-espacios-verdes/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. A Little-Known Group of Pollinators: Beetles!, Maryland Grows, February 12, 2024. https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2024/02/12/a-little-known-group-of-pollinators-beetles/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. �C�mo se estudia la polinizaci�n? Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog, January 22, 2024. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2024/02/19/los-suplementos-florales-apoyan-al-ecosistema-en-nuestros-espacios-verdes/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. �Seguimos vivos! C�mo proteger a los polinizadores en el invierno, Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog, December 11, 2023. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2023/12/11/seguimos-vivos-como-proteger-a-los-polinizadores-en-el-invierno/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. "How do we study pollination?, Maryland Grows, December 11, 2023. https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2023/12/11/how-do-we-study-pollination/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. �Haga que su jard�n brille como el oro esta primavera! He aqu� la hierba cana de oro, Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog, November 13, 2023. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2023/11/13/haga-que-su-jardin-brille-como-el-oro-esta-primavera-he-aqui-la-hierba-cana-de-oro/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. "Make Your Garden Shine Like Gold This Spring With Golden Ragwort, Maryland Grows, November 13, 2023. https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2023/11/13/make-your-garden-shine-like-gold-this-spring-with-golden-ragwort/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. �Quiere tener flores nativas el a�o que viene? Plante plantas para polinizadores este oto�o, Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog, October 19, 2023. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2023/10/09/quiere-tener-flores-nativas-el-ano-que-viene-plante-plantas-para-polinizadores-este-otono/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. "Want Flowers Next Year? Here Are Some Pollinator-friendly Plants to Plant This Fall, Maryland Grows, October 9, 2023. https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2023/10/09/want-flowers-next-year-here-are-some-pollinator-friendly-plants-to-plant-this-fall/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. "How are aquatic plants pollinated?, Maryland Grows, September 11, 2023. https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2023/09/11/how-are-aquatic-plants-pollinated/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. �C�mo ocurre la polinizaci�n de plantas acu�ticas?, Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog, September 11, 2023. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2023/09/11/como-ocurre-la-polinizacion-de-plantas-acuaticas/


Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23

Outputs
Target Audience:Given the number of areas covered by this project, the audience reached was also very diverse. Our reached audience includes: grain producers, seed dealers, ag service providers, crop consultants, Extension professionals, researchers, and a variety of other stakeholders interested in IPM for agronomic crops, small-scale, diversified fruit and vegetable farmers in Maryland and surrounding states, nursery, landscape, and turf management professionals, private IPM Consultants, foresters, Extension educators and adult volunteers such as Master Gardeners and Master Naturalists, members of government agencies, citizens, Baywise Gardeners, community pesticide applicators, Maryland residents that manage green space (yards, parks, bioretention areas etc., food gardens etc.), professional pesticide applicators, Spanish speakers, city managers and government officials, K-12 students and instructors, Maryland and national beekeepers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?All areas of our project contributed to training students, post-docs and technicians in Extension material development and delivery. Jointly, at least ten graduate, six undergraduate, four postdoc, and four technicians generated content for blog posts, online tools and peer-reviewed extension publications, and/or presented extension talks in different venues. Our work also contributed to the training of trainers (e.g., Master Gardeners, Master Naturalists, Apiculture extension agents, Educators). How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Talks Newsletters (printed and online) Bilingual blog posts Webinars Classes Workshops Conferences Farmer meetings Publications in trade journals Field days Extension talks Training modules 4-H Lesson Plans Social Media What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Agronomic Crops Objective: help stakeholders avoid losses by showcasing field plots that aid with variety selection and encourage the adoption of pest-monitoring and early-warning systems. Implementation I) Variety selection, fertility, pest monitoring, and management demonstrations. Conduct corn and two planting dates of soybean variety trials. Conduct two replicated demonstration trials on management of herbicide resistant weeds. Continue monitoring seasonal pest pressure as well as foliar insecticide efficacy in full-season soybeans planted at two timings. II) Encouraging adoption of best management practices and disseminating timely information. Continue field plot demonstrations with orchardgrass, soybean, and tar spot of corn. Corn earworm, western bean cutworm, and fall armyworm moths will be monitored using pheromone traps throughout the state. Extension presentations, pest alerts, Extension articles, and other in person and virtual outputs will be used to disseminate timely information, improve sustainable pest management, and encourage adoption of new tactics and best management practices. Develop new fact sheets and written Extension materials on managing herbicide resistance. III) Production of multilingual information. The team will contribute at least one blog post for the Extensión en Español blog. IV) Facilitate adoption of best-management practices using workshops, field days, and other demonstration activities, which will be responsive to invasive and emerging pest issues. Continue to manage the sentinel network to further monitor resistance development to the Bt toxins across the U.S. and Canada. Continue Orchardgrass plot demonstrations for a hands-on orchardgrass management workshop. Disseminate best management practices, variety selection, fertility and pest management research through on-farm field days, twilight tours, workshops and agronomy meetings across the state. Planning a standalone summer agronomy research tour to highlight applied agronomic research. Conduct two workshops on management of herbicide resistant weeds. Green Industry Objective: build and expand on successes developed with previous funding, and enhance IPM practitioner pest-management skills to ensure stakeholder profitability (short term) and protection of environmental and human health (long term). Implementation I) Implement demonstration research projects in collaboration with stakeholders Expand field trials of drone application of biological control in herbaceous perennials nursery. Evaluate results of field trial using drone application of fungicides for control of needle cast diseases in Christmas tree planting. Evaluate the use of mycoinsecticides for management of spotted lanternflies. II) Educate stakeholders by providing research-based, timely information and training on diagnostics and IPM of native and invasive pests, with the overall goal of helping stakeholders adopt sustainable pest management practices IPM Scout Training. Hold monthly meetings (summer 2023) with the IPM scouts trained in the April workshop. Repeat Advanced IPM/PHC Landscape Short Course and IPM Scout Training. Biological Control Conference. Organize and conduct a Biological Control Conference. Green Industry Association Training Events. Participate in at least six meetings co-organized with green industry stakeholder groups. Extension Publications. Publish two fact sheets and two journal articles; publish IPM Alert newsletters (Landscape/Nursery, weekly; Greenhouse/Cut Flower, monthly); contribute to Extensión en Español. Social Media. Add more content to IPMnet Facebook and website, and interact with the media. Pest Prediction Calendar. Update DD and PPI, and link images and IPM publications. Fruits and Vegetables Objective: increase farm profitability by giving farmers the knowledge and confidence to use IPM practices that incorporate non-chemical options while growing high-quality produce Implementation I) Demonstrate the efficacy of multi-tactic pest control strategies to reduce input costs and crop losses Demonstration plots Continue demonstrations of pest management strategies with combinations of pesticides and non-chemical methods. Recruit farmers to trial non-chemical pest management methods on-farm and for Field Day events. II) provide timely communication of pest-management options directly to targeted audiences to improve implementation of new IPM practices Extension meeting Continue to report outcomes of trials and demonstrations at winter extension meetings and field day events. Targeted IPM listservs Continue to contribute articles and reports for extension newsletters for specific grower groups. Continue to contribute to Extensión en Español blogs. Publications Continue to publish peer-reviewed articles summarizing research results related to IPM. Communities Objectives and Implementation I) Develop and deliver IPM training for UME Master Gardeners, allowing them to educate the public about IPM best-management practices Working the Night Shift: Pollination After Dark webinar planned. Ask A Master Gardner Plant Clinic training planned. Self-paced IPM eXtension learning modules and annual training for MGs Finalize the Weeds and Turf Best Management Practices online training module. II) Train students and early career professionals in Extension IPM, and mentor them to develop effective communication tools to educate MD residents Work with lab members to update online materials and generate new content in areas of need. III) Develop training materials for conservation biocontrol landscape management techniques to promote beneficial insects. Continue delivering developed course material. Continue meeting with stakeholders and creating tools (e.g., tree lists) and assessments to promote diversified street tree communities as a cultural IPM. Pollinator Health Objectives and Implementation I) Promote best-health practices for the protection of managed and wild pollinators (25% complete) Honeybee health Continue to monitor the five Sentinel Apiaries located around Maryland. Present 2022 results at Maryland State Beekeepers Association and beekeeping club meetings. Develop and distribute best management advice for local beekeepers (social media, webinars). II) Promote the establishment of pollinator habitat in agroecosystems and surrounding suburban areas Pollinator habitat Work with communities to create pollinator gardens and pollinator-friendly management and policies. Use established pollinator gardens to showcase and promote them to organizations and farmers. III) Create innovative educational resources to extend our reach to new audiences. Educational resources Publish monthly Extension blogs in English and Spanish, and contribute to media in Spanish. Refine "The Power of Pollination" packets and integrate one new lesson plan. Give 2-5 Extension talks.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Agronomic Crops I) Variety selection, fertility, pest monitoring, and management demonstrations Variety trials reports disseminated to producers on corn and soybean variety selection. Field demonstration trials for wheat residue management and herbicide treatments on soybeans, andmanagement practices in Bt and non-Bt field corn. II) Encouraging adoption of best management practices and disseminating timely information Publish Extension newsletters and peer-reviewed journals (Plant Disease Management Reports). Tar spot of corn disease trial established. Corn earworm, western bean cutworm, and fall armyworm moths monitored using pheromone traps throughout the state. Demonstration trials for wheat residue management in double crop soybean systems and several herbicide treatments for control of herbicide resistant weeds prior to soybean emergence. III) Production of multilingual information 3 Spanish blog posts on pesticides and soil nutrients (reach: 79 views). IV) Facilitate adoption of best-management practices using workshops, field days, and other demonstration activities, which will be responsive to invasive and emerging pest issues Sweet corn sentinel Bt resistance monitoring network. 57 trials in 24 U.S. states and 4 Canadian provinces. Collected data on Orchardgrass field plot established in fall 2021. Data collected in 2022 was disseminated to 3,000+ via Extension blogs and newsletters. Small Grains Twilight Tour on weed and pest management in small grains (attendance: 50). Field Day and Agronomy Field Trials tours, on weed and pest management in corn and soybean, and soybean variety trials(attendance: 150). Presentations at agronomy conferences, field days, individual consultations, and various local and state newsletters. Co-hosted 40 EPA scientists in a field tour of demonstration trials on herbicide resistance. Displayed four full-scale cut-out poster board models for Palmer Amaranth identification at meetings. Postcard with management options sent to farmers. Green Industry I) Implement demonstration research projects in collaboration with stakeholders Evaluated the effectiveness of mycoinsecticides for adult spotted lanternfly. Drone field trials for applying Beauveria bassiana in herbaceous perennial production. Trial at commercial Christmas tree farm of drone application of fungicides. II) Educate stakeholders by providing research-based, timely information and training on diagnostics and IPM of native and invasive pests, with the overall goal of helping stakeholders adopt sustainable pest management practices IPM Scout Training: Advanced Landscape IPM PHC Short Course (virtual; 6 days; 4h/day; 40 attendees); virtual sessions with a 2-day in person laboratory (25 attendees); training session in landscape and greenhouse crop diagnostics and IPM scouting techniques (13 attendees); 2-day Drone School (10 attendees). Biological Control Conference. 2023 Biological Control Conference Planning. Cut Flower Grower Field Day: demonstrated steam sterilizationin commercial cut flower fields at the (53 attendees). Green Industry Association Training Events. 12 presentations (1226 attendees) on pest and disease topics at meetings organized by industry associations, as well as pesticide re-certification sessionsin MD and neighboring states. Extension Publications. 22 issues of IPM Landscape and Nursery Report newsletters (4836 subscribers; 3753 online views); 5of Greenhouse/Cut Flower IPM Alert newsletter (535 subscribers; 79 online views). 4 articlesin trade magazines. 2 blogs translated and published in Extensión en Español (1216 views). Social Media. Media appearances on pest and plant management issues. Continued to maintain the IMPnet website and Facebook page. Pest Prediction Calendar. Updated DDand PPIfor 10 pests and added 4 new pests (reach: 206 views). Fruits and Vegetables I) Demonstrate the efficacy of multi-tactic pest control strategies to reduce input costs and crop losses Demonstration plots. 1 workshop and 3Field Days showcasing non-chemical IPM pest management. Enlisted 14 farmers for trials. II) Provide timely communication of pest-management options directly to targeted audiences to improve implementation of new IPM practices 27 presentations on IPM in vegetable and fruit crops, including results from demonstrations performed over the summer. Targeted IPM listservs. Maintained and contributed to listserv for apple growers. Publications 14 reports targeted to apple growers, five reports to vegetable and fruit growers, and 6 reports published in Spanish to target specific audiences. Two peer-reviewed fact sheets and two peer-reviewed journal articles published. Six blog posts in Spanish in Extensión en Español (reach: 969 views). Communities I) Develop and deliver IPM training for UME Master Gardeners, allowing them to educate the public about IPM best-management practices k A Master Gardener Plant Clinic training (328 attendees), a webinar with a spotted lanternfly webinar update from MDA (72 attendees), and a permaculture workshop (19 attendees). Self-paced IPM eXtension learning modules and annual training for MGs Developed Vegetable Gardening IPM and Plant Pathology online learning modules (292 trainees). In the process of developing a Weed and Turf Best Management Practices modules. II) Train students and early career professionals in Extension IPM, and mentor them to develop effective communication tools to educate MD residents Train students in Extension material development and delivery Two graduate, one undergraduate, one postdoc, and two technicians generated content for blog posts, online tools and peer-reviewed extension publications, and received. IPM blog post by a graduate student for Extensión en Español (reach: 39 views). III) Develop training materials for conservation biocontrol landscape management techniques to promote beneficial insects Published a peer-reviewed Extension publication on insects in yards and landscaping techniques to maintain beneficial insect populations. Reach: 10K+ list through the UMD HGIC spring newsletter. Created new training materials for pesticide applicators seeking recertification on IPM topics. Created and delivered a new module for Master Naturalist volunteers on Entomology. Built a Maryland urban tree suitability list for the Urban Tree Program in Maryland. Pollinator Health I) promote best-health practices for the protection of managed and wild pollinators Established five sentinel apiaries around the state of Maryland. Monitored apiaries according to protocols established by the Honey Bee Health Coalition. Presented results to beekeepers of Maryland at five zoom meetings and 18 beekeeper club meetings in MD, PA, VA. II) promote the establishment of pollinator habitat in agroecosystems and surrounding suburban areas Hosted a workshop at the DNR on solar farm pollinator plantings and the pollination-friendly certification. Addressed unforeseen issues and identified barriers to the establishment of pollinator habitats, including weed management, lack of equipment, liability issues, and participation. Ten pollinator meadows or gardens established at UMD research facilities, local communities, privately-owned lands and solar farms. Established floral supplementation demonstration plots at one UMD Experimental Farm. III) create innovative educational resources to extend our reach to new audiences 17 blogs on pollination in English (7 in Maryland Grows; reach: 337,951 views)and Spanish (10 in Extensión en Español; reach 1429 views). Two Extension/Outreach Talks on pollination and pollinators - Reach: 100 adults. Three Spanish media interviews on pollination for a local radio station. Reach: 124,900 listeners. Finalized "The Power of Pollination" lesson packet for K-12 education. Implemented in 4-H summer camps and schools across Maryland. Reach: 382 students; 20 instructors.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Igwe, P.-G., Cramer, M., Owens, D., Dively, G., and Hamby, K. 2023. Managing slugs in field crops using IPM principles, University of Maryland Extension Fact Sheet FS-2022-0629 https://extension.umd.edu/resource/managing-slugs-field-crops-using-ipm-principles-fs-2022-0629
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kleczewski, N.M., A.A. Kness, and A. Koehler. (2022). Impacts of row spacing and fungicide timing on foliar disease, greenstem and yield in double cropped soybeans grown in the Chesapeake Bay region of the United States. Plant Health Progress, (23)2. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-10-21-0130-BR
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Dively, G.P., M.E. Hartman and R. Ochoa. 2022. Population dynamics of eriophyid mites and evaluation of different management practices on timothy grass, J. Econ. Entomol.;, toac004, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toac004
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Reisig, D.D., DiFonzo, C., Dively, G., Farhan, Y., Gore, J. and Jocelyn Smith. 2022. Best management practices to delay the evolution of Bt resistance in lepidopteran pests without high susceptibility to bt toxins in North America, J. Econ. Entomol. 115: 26-36.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Yurchak, V.L., A.W. Leslie, S. McCluen, C.R.R. Hooks. 2023. Evaluating French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) as a border insectary plant for the enhancement of beneficial arthropods in sweet corn plantings. Ecological Engineering 190 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2023.106928
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Lawton, D., A.S. Huseth, G.G. Kennedy, M. Zuefle, et. al. 2022. Pest population dynamics are related to a continental overwintering gradient, PNAS DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2203230119
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Blanco, C.A., K. Conover, G. Hernandez, G. Valentini, M. Portilla, C.A. Abel, P. Williams, U. Nava-Camberos, W.D. Hutchison, and G.P. Dively. 2022. Grain yield is not impacted by early defoliation of maize: Implications for fall armyworm action thresholds. Southwestern Entomol. 47(2): 335-344.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Dively, G.P., and Terrence Patton. 2022. An evaluation of cultural and chemical control practices to reduce slug damage in no-till corn, Insects 13, no. 3: 277. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects13030277
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Wang, K.-H., P. Waisen, A.W. Leslie, R. Paudel, S.L.F. Meyer, C.R.R. Hooks. 2022. Relationships between soil tillage systems, nematode communities and weed seed predation. Horticulturae 8: 425. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8050425
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Corte,C.!, Farcuh, M.* Oct 2022. From the orchard to cold storage: a closer look at the development of nine physiological disorders in apples. University of Maryland Extension Factsheet FS-2022-0640. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/orchard-cold-storage-closer-look-development-nine-physiological-disorders-apples-fs-2022-0640
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Claffey,S.!, Farcuh, M.* Sep 2022. All about apple rootstocks. University of Maryland Extension Factsheet FS-2022-0638. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/all-about-apple-rootstocks-fs-2022-0638
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Lauren Schmitt, Kelsey McGurrin, and Karin T. Burghardt. 2022 .Managing city and suburban yards and gardens to sustain insect communities FactSheet: FS-2022-0633
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: o Fiorellino, N.M., L.A. Thorne, and J. Crank. 2022. 2022 Maryland Corn Hybrid Performance Tests. College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, College Park, MD. (https://psla.umd.edu/sites/psla.umd.edu/files/files/documents/Extension/Corn%20in%20Maryland/2021%20Corn%20Hybrid%20Trials%20Results.pdf)
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Beale, B. and Vollmer, K. Thoughts on the Control of Palmer Amaranth in Organic Systems. UMD Agronomy Newsletter. Volume 13 Issue 5-August 2022.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Townsend, M., Beale, B. and Vollmer, K. Minimizing Combine Weed Seed Movement. UMD Agronomy Newsletter. Volume 13 Issue 6-Sept. 2022
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Beale, B and Leslie, A. Evaluating Late Season Burndown Options for Palmer Amaranth. UMD Agronomy Newsletter. Volume 13 Issue 8-November 2022
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Cramer, M., and Hamby, K. 2023. Wet cool spring may increase slug damage. University of Maryland Agronomy News: May 2023 14(2): 7.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Reisig, D., Kesheimer, K., Bateman, N., Studebaker, G., Meyer, R., Reay-Jones, F., Shields, E., Owens, D., Buntin, G.D., Seiter, N., Hodgson, E., Sisson, A., Zukoff, A., Villanueva, R., Towles, T., Hamby, K., DiFonzo, C., Hutchison, B., Potter, B., Catchot, A., Cook, D., Bradshaw, J., Peterson, J., Beauzay, P., Knodel, J., Tilmon, K., Baute, T., Varenhorst, A., Brown, S. Kerns, D., Porter, P., Taylor, S., and Jensen, B. 2022. Corn invertebrate loss estimates from the United States and Ontario, Canada - 2021. Crop Protection Network. CPN-2019-21 https://cropprotectionnetwork.org/publications/corn-invertebrate-loss-estimates-from-the-united-states-and-ontario-canada-2021
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Weekly Apple Maturity Assessment Reports for 12 economically important apple cultivars for the Mid-Atlantic region are distributed weekly from July to October to apple growers through Fruit Pulse, an electronic newsletter. Total number of reports= 14. Audience 150 https://us7.campaign-archive.com/home/?u=a66937de4510a30c1fa107eef&id=e57f4d44ce
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Landscape and Nursery IPM Alert newsletter was sent weekly from Sept- Nov 2022 to commercial stakeholders in Maryland and thirteen states.  S. Gill, K. Rane, P. Shrewsbury, et al..
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Leslie, A.W. 2023. Weed control options for cut flowers. Proceedings: Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Leslie, A.W. 2023. Performance of blackberry varieties. Proceedings: Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Leslie, A.W. 2023. Using cover crops in row middles for weed management and soil health. Proceedings: Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Goswami, R. !, Farcuh, M. Apr 2023. Managing Apple Growing Conditions to Prevent Fruit Cracking. University of Maryland Extension Vegetable and Fruit News 14(2): 4-5. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/managing-apple-growing-conditions-prevent-fruit-cracking
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Ahmed, Z. !, Farcuh, M. Sep 2022. Spots on Honeycrisp apples: what are they and how to differentiate them? University of Maryland Extension Vegetable and Fruit News 13(6): 1-2. https://extension.umd.edu/resource/spots-honeycrisp-apples-what-are-they-and-how-differentiate-them
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Landscape and Nursery IPM Alert newsletter was sent weekly from March-May 2023 to commercial stakeholders in Maryland and thirteen states.  S. Gill, K. Rane, P. Shrewsbury, et al..
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: The Greenhouse/Cut Flower IPM Alert Newsletter was sent monthly in August-October 2022. S. Gill, K. Rane, et al.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: The Greenhouse/Cut Flower IPM Alert Newsletter was sent monthly in February-April 2023 - S. Gill, K. Rane, et al.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Gill, S, Clement D, Klick, S., ODonnell, A, Leslie A. May 2023. Field research results of 3-year study of downy mildew resistant basil cultivars. GroundWorks
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Gill, Stanton. April 2023. Can the hemlock make a comeback with new insect resistance to hemlock wooly adelgid? GroundWorks
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Gill, Stanton. January 2023. Spotted Lantern Fly  What does it mean for the Landscape Industry? GroundWorks
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Gill, Stanton. December 2022. Using Drones in nurseries to control bagworm on evergreen plant material. FreeState Nursery News, Vol.XLIX, No.3, pp 13  16
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: M.E. Potter. Elucidating factors to improve biological control of Halymorpha halys by egg parasitoids. M.S. Thesis, Dept. of Entomology, University of Maryland. April 25, 2023


Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22

Outputs
Target Audience:The Agronomy audience includes grain producers, seed dealers, crop consultants, Extension professionals, researchers, and a variety of other stakeholders interested in IPM for agronomic crops were targeted with our Extension information. This information was delivered in person and virtually during winter extension meetings, field days, in-service meetings, and scientific conferences. In addition, our agronomy newsletter articles reach 3000 readers. The Green Industry audience includes nursery, landscape, and turf management professionals, private IPM Consultants, foresters, extension educators and adult volunteers such as Master Gardeners and Master Naturalists, members of government agencies, and citizens. The Fruit and Vegetable audience we serve includes diversified fruit and vegetable farmers in Maryland. The Communities audience includes Master Gardener program trainees: a diverse group of residents from across the state of Maryland. They apply to take trainings and become volunteer horticulture educators. The group also serves residents and community members that manage green spaces (yards, gardens, parks). The Pollination Health audience includeshome gardeners, city officials,youth K-12, farmers, and small- and large-scale Maryland beekeepers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Train students and early career professionals in Extension IPM, and mentor them to develop effective communication tools to educate MD residents Six graduatestudents andone post-doc developed and delivered extension talks in person and online. Six graduate and sixundergraduate students wrote blog posts published in several blog sites: Burghardt Lab Extension Page, Maryland Grows, and Extensión en Español. Training and brainstorming sessions within our labs. One post-doctoral researcher taught 4H lesson plans and gained training in youth education. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Talks Newsletters (printed and online) Bilingual blog posts Webinars Classes Workshops Conferences Farmer meetings Publications in trade journals Field days Extension talks Training modules 4-H Lesson Plans What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Agronomic Crops 1) help stakeholders avoid losses by showcasing field plots that aid with variety selection and encourage the adoption of pest-monitoring and early-warning systems Variety selection, fertility, pest monitoring, and management demonstrations Conduct variety trials for corn, soybean, and a small trial for industrial hemp that include pest monitoring, especially to identify pests impacting hemp production. In addition, the impact of soybean planting date and corn insecticide use on pest pressure and management will be demonstrated. Respond to direct feedback from farmers and commodity groups, soybean fungicide trials will be expanded to more locations. ii) Encouraging adoption of best management practices and disseminating timely information Extension presentations, pest alerts, Extension articles, and other in person and virtual outputs will be used to disseminate timely information, improve sustainable pest management, and encourage adoption of new tactics and best management practices. iii) Multilingual information Sprayer calibration and other best practice information for agronomic crops will be translated to Spanish for an additional 1-2 Extension blog posts. 2) facilitate adoption of best-management practices using workshops, field days, and other demonstration activities, which will be responsive to invasive and emerging pest issues Continue to manage the sentinel network to further monitor resistance development to the Bt toxins, with greater emphasis on the Vip3A toxin. Orchardgrass plot demonstrations will continue and will be used for a hands-on orchardgrass management workshop in spring/summer of 2023. In 2022 we will conduct on-farm field trials in at least two locations on herbicide resistant common ragweed and palmer amaranth control in field under stress from simulation deer grazing pressure. We will disseminate best management practices, variety selection, fertility and pest management research through on-farm field days, twilight tours, Integrated Weed Management workshops and winter agronomy meetings. Green Industry 1) Educate stakeholders by providing research-based, timely information and training on diagnostics and IPM of native and invasive pest expand IPM educational efforts to stakeholders IPM Scout Training Will hold monthly IPM Scout gatherings during growing season (May-September, 2022) for hands-on examination of plant samples. Will survey previous training attendees for input on curriculum in preparation for conducting the next 5-day IPM Scout Training workshop in late winter/early spring 2023. Biological Control Conference Will organize and conduct a Biological Control Conference in Baltimore, MD in July 2022. Green Industry Association Training Events Will hold a 2-day lab / field Advance Landscape IPM course in July 2022 Will hold a Pesticide Recertification Seminar in December 2022. Will give 3-5 presentations in Industry-organized training events and meetings (such as Maryland Arborist Association Pest Walks, Maryland Nursery, Landscape and Greenhouse Association Summer Field Day and winter Chesapeake Green education meeting). Extension Publications Will continue to produce the UME Weekly IPM Nursery and Landscape Pest Report and the UME IPM Greenhouse Pest Report. Will publish 2 articles in trade journals Will produce an extension fact sheet "Lilies as Cut Flowers". Social Media Will continue to add content to IPMnet Facebook and website Pest Prediction Calendar Will continue to monitor pests for DD's and PPI's 2) help stakeholders adopt sustainable pest management practices implement demonstration research projects in collaboration with stakeholders Will identify research sites to evaluate biological controls of the invasive spotted lanternfly Will conduct and evaluate demonstration nursery plots for drone application of fungicides for cedar quince rust management on Amelanchier Will continue field trials with drone application of low risk pesticides for insect management in nurseries Fruits and Vegetables 1) demonstrate the efficacy of multi-tactic pest control strategies to reduce input costs and crop losses increase farm profitability by giving farmers the knowledge and confidence to use IPM practices that incorporate non-chemical options while growing high-quality produce 2) provide timely communication of pest-management options directly to targeted audiences to improve implementation of new IPM practices Demonstration plots Plant and maintain 4 different demonstration plots on research and production farms showcasing IPM tactics for fruit/vegetable crops Contribute to organizing 3 field day events to present demonstration plots directly to farmers provide timely communication of pest-management options directly to targeted audiences to improve implementation of new IPM practices Extension meeting Continue to present talks on IPM strategies at local and regional meetings Contribute to planning IPM content for regional fruit and vegetable meeting: Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Convention Targeted IPM listservs Publish results of 2021 trials in regional newsletters and new apple-growers newsletter Continue to contribute to Extension in Spanish blog Publications: Publish 3 additional peer-reviewed fact sheets Communities 1) develop and deliver IPM training for UME Master Gardeners, allowing them to educate the public about IPM best-management practices Self-paced IPM eXtension learning modules and annual training for MGs Plan: Continue work on new fruit and vegetable module. Content has been developed and reviewed and is currently being storyboarded for the module. Begin work on Plant Pathology module. Currently in writing stage. Scheduled educational webinars: Fruit & Veggie Garden IPM - July 19 2) train students and early career professionals in Extension IPM, and mentor them to develop effective communication tools to educate MD residents Plan: Blogs and student developed materials including video posts in development will continue development and continue to publish in venues such as the Burghardt Lab Extension Page, the Maryland Grows, and Extensión en Español. Scientific communication training and development of talk content will continue 3) develop training materials for conservation biocontrol landscape management techniques to promote beneficial insects Advanced training and education materials on conservation landscaping and IPM techniques Plan: Now that the 4 trainings have been developed they will continue to be refined and delivered to stakeholders. We will also work on incorporating them more fully into MG training (as per Obj. 1) Pollinator Health 1) promote best-health practices for the protection of managed and wild pollinators Honeybee health Continue sentinel apiary monitoring for the season. Information will be used to develop best management recommendations to be presented to local beekeepers through: social media post, free webinars, and present the findings at the state beekeepers association meetings throughout the year. Eg:, https://umdbeesquad.com/ and the group's youtube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCzhSKqWIQQFZ6AzxvRfAQxQ, our Facebook (@umdbeesquad)and mailing list. 2) promote the establishment of pollinator habitat in agroecosystems and surrounding suburban area Continue working with the City of College Park to establish more pollinator gardens. Expand to other cities in the region Use the habitats already installed as demonstration plots to present to other organizations/farmers. 3) create innovative educational resources to extend our reach to new audiences. Extension blogs in English and Spanish Establish and test 4 developed and at least 2 new lesson plans in 4H camps and after school programs. Give Extension talks

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Agronomic Crops Variety selection, fertility, pest monitoring, and management demonstrations. In late 2021, variety trials reports were disseminated for corn and soybean in Maryland. These reports help producers make informed variety selections for the upcoming growing season. Soybean disease, corn insect pest management, and insect pest monitoring field trials were conducted in the 2021 field season to demonstrate pest pressure and pesticide efficacy. Integrated weed management workshops (2 in person, 1 virtual), pest management extension presentations (10 in person, 1 virtual), and 3 agronomic crops Extension meetings reached 944 direct participants across at least 6 states. Recordings of virtual outputs likely contributed additional audience members. An informal integrated weed management handbook was disseminated to 77 participants. Two insect pest alerts and one article summarizing a soybean fungicide trial were published in Extension newsletter outlets that reach over 3,000 readers. 3peer-reviewed publications advanced sustainable pest management in agronomic crops. Multilingual information: One article on slug pest management was translated for the Spanish Extension blog. Sweet corn sentinel monitoring network to detect changes in lepidopteran (corn earworm, European corn borer, fall armyworm, and western bean cutworm) pest susceptibility to Bt toxins. 53 sentinel trials were established in 23 states and 4 Canadian provinces. These trials are used to demonstrate the efficacy of Bt technologies, best practices for managing pest resistance, and to help producers avoid losses due to changes in pest susceptibility. An orchardgrass field plot was established in fall 2021. This research and demonstration plot will be used to generate educational information on best practices in relation to fertility and IPM. Data will be generated from this plot in 2022. An on-farm weed management trial was conducted using different soybean trait platforms to evaluate the efficacy of various combinations of post emergent contact and systemic herbicides (17 treatments) and demonstrate best practices for managing Palmer amaranth while also controlling other broadleaf and grass weeds. Green Industry Biological Control Conference.Biological control specialists from New York, Canada and Pennsylvania were presenters, as well as members of the UMD Green Industries team. 93 participants. Green Industry Association Training Event: organized and conducted a Cut Flower Short Course, held March 15-17, 2022 on-location at 3 cut flower farms; 6-7 hours of lecture per day covering all aspects of cut flower production, with invited speakers on topics such as energy use, plant choice, irrigation and pest management. 40 attendees. Advanced Landscape IPM Short Course: virtual over 6 days with 4.5 hours of lecture per day (27 hours total). (Jan 2022, 57 attendees). Evaluation of the attendees demonstrated the following impacts following their attendance at this short course: ability to monitor for pests (48%); ability to identify plant damage (52%); ability to diagnose causal agents of plant damage (60%); ability to diagnose abiotic causes of plant damage (37%); ability to identify pest insects (64%); ability to identify natural enemies (84%); and ability to select reduced risk pesticides (92%) 20 presentations to 1947 arborists, growers, and landscapers from Maryland and the Mid-Atlantic region on topics such as plant problem diagnostics, biological controls, integrated pest management, current pest and disease problems and beneficial insects. Extension Publications: 16 issues of IPM Landscape and Nursery Report newsletters. A survey of readership (n=515) conducted in Dec. 2021 found that as a result of the IPM Alerts 88% were able to improve their pest and disease diagnostic skills; 58% were more likely to use "alternative" pest management (soaps, oils, biological controls, cultural practices); 77% improved their recognition of beneficial insects, and 66% changed their pest management practices as a result of recognizing beneficials. Trade journal articles: articles in national trade journals on IPM, current pest and disease problems, and drone spray research. Social Media: added a "Hot Topics" section to IMPnet website,updates on root aphid and drone spray trials to IPMnet Facebook page (266 stakeholders reached). Pest Prediction Calendar: 25 key insect pests of ornamental plants to actively monitor in the landscape towards adding new pests or increasing the vigor of when important phenological events occur based on degree day (DD) measures and plant phenological indicators (PPI). We have started to monitor the early season pests on this list. Updated current DD and PPI information for approximately 20 pests, including adding links to images and extension publications with detailed IPM information. Networked with stakeholders on their pest management needs and concerns for the invasive spotted lanternfly Drone demonstration research: Conducted study to monitor health of pot mums subjected to drought, Pythium or Fusarium inoculations using IR camera. Conducted field trials using spray drone to apply low risk pesticides on 16.8 acres of chrysanthemums at a commercial nursery. Conducted field trial for bagworm control using low-risk pesticides with spray drone in commercial nursery. Results of these drone trials were published in 2 articles in a national trade journal (GrowerTalks), and presented at the International IPM Conference held in March 2022 in Denver, CO. Fruits and Vegetables Demonstration plots: Participated in the MD State Horticultural Society Summer Tour 2021 Extension meetings: 11 presentations delivered as in-person, virtual, and recorded content, reaching over 382 people, 1 presentation given in Spanish to ~65 people Targeted IPM listservs: New listserv developed for apple growers, with 9 posts during reporting period; 4 newsletter articles for fruit/vegetable growers in English;4 newsletter articles published in Spanish Publications: 3 peer-reviewed fact sheets published through UME Communities Self-paced IPM eXtension learning modules and annual training for MGs: Completed creation of5 online training modules currently in use with 110 new Master Gardener trainees. Hosted organic lawncare webinar (96 attendees). Hosted Bay-Wise / Conservation landscaping conference with 122 participants combined in-person and virtual.2) train students and early career professionals in Extension IPM, and mentor them to develop effective communication tools to educate MD residents 1 student developed and delivered a new extension talk both in person and posted online with 200+ views 2 collaborative IPM blog posts created with input from multiple lab membersand shared via Burghardt Lab Extension Page, Maryland Grows, and Extensión en Español Advanced training and education materials on conservation landscaping and IPM techniques: we updated and newly developed hour-long workshops specifically focused on improving integration of IPM concepts into Extension programming. 250+ participants; 82-96% of trainees report that they will change (or encourage others to change) at least one of the targeted management practices in their yards after receiving the IPM training. Pollinator Health Honeybee health: Established demonstration apiaries and are set up to monitor this coming season. Presented at 9 beekeeping meetings on IPM solutions. Establishment of two types of floral supplementation strategies to demonstrate at one UMD Experimental Farm. Advising in the establishment of a pollinator garden in the City of College Park, MD. Educational resources: Publication of17 blogs on pollination in English (9 in Maryland Grows) and Spanish (8 inExtensión en Español). Reach: Each, 3K+ monthly.6 Extension Talks - Reach: 300. Created 4 lesson plans for 4-H camps.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Kness, A. 2021. Symptoms of stem diseases developing in soybean. University of Maryland Agronomy News: September 2021 12(6): 11.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Fiorellino, N. and Thorne, L. 2021. 2021 forage performance of cereal cover crops in Maryland. University of Maryland Agronomy News: October 2021 12(7): 1-4.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Fiorellino, N. and Thorne, L. 2021. 2021 Maryland corn hybrid performance tests. University of Maryland Agronomy News: November 2021 12(8): 4-5.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Fiorellino, N., Thorne, L., and Crank, J. 2021. 2021 Maryland state soybean variety trials. Maryland Agronomy News Blog, http://blog.umd.edu/agronomynews/2021/12/06/2021-maryland-state-soybean-variety-trials/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Kness, A. 2021. Effect of foliar fungicides on frogeye leaf spot on the Maryland Eastern Shore, 2020. University of Maryland Agronomy News: November 2021 12(8): 16.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kness, A. 2022. 2022 Corn, soybean, and wheat fungicide efficacy tables. Maryland Agronomy News Blog, http://blog.umd.edu/agronomynews/2022/05/10/2022-corn-soybean-and-wheat-fungicide-efficacy-tables/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Igwe, P., Cramer, M.E., Bulansky, D. 2022. Manejo de babosas en campos y huertas (Managing slugs in fields and gardens). Extensi�n en Espa�ol: Blogs de Extensi�n de la Universidad de Maryland. March, 2022. https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2022/03/17/manejo-de-babosas-en-campos-y-huertas/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Igwe, P., Cramer, M.E. 2022. Managing slugs in crop fields and gardens. Maryland Grows Blog April, 2022. https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2022/04/25/managing-slugs-in-crop-fields-and-gardens
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rane, K. 2022 (in press). Pyracantha Diseases and Viburnum Diseases in Diseases of Woody Ornamentals and Trees in Nurseries, Second Edition, American Phytopathological Society Press, edited by R. K. Jones and D. M. Benson. Revised both chapters in October, 2021.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: " Gill, Stanton, B. Kunkel. 2021 Nursery Management of Two Major Below-Ground Feeding Plant Pests: Root Mealybug, Rhizoecus sp. and Rice Root Aphid, Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis (Sasaki) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae and Aphididae). Journal of Environmental Horticulture.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Gill, Stanton and B. Kunkel. 2021, Dec 20, 2021. How Do Drones Monitor and Spray In: An IPM Approach for Greenhouse Crops. Published on ESA online abstract pub.
  • Type: Other Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rane, K. 2022 (in press). Diseases of Lilies in Cut Flower Production of Lilies edited by S. Gill, UME publication.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Jonathan Kays, A. Kling, D. Jackson, A. Dowling, C. Highfield, J.Schieffer, J. Lehnen. Stanton Gill. Nov 2021. Woodland Health Practice handbook: A Practioners Guide for Creating, Enhancing, and Maintaining Natural Areas. Publishing number CNRF-109NP, ISBN 9
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: UME IPM Weekly Pest Report (https://extension.umd.edu/programs/agriculture-food-systems/program-areas/ornamental-horticulture/ipmnet/ipm-alerts-landscape-nursery) " Bacterial Blight of Geranium 3-9-2022 (Rane) " Rust on Juniper 4-1-2022 (Rane w/ C. Clement)) " Chili Pepper Mild Mottle Virus 4-13-2022 (Rane) " Boxwood Blight, Again! 4-15-2022 (Rane) " Gingko Foliage This Spring 5-6-22 (Rane) " Seiridium and Botryosphaeria Cankers on Leyland Cypress 5-13-2022 (Rane w/ D. Clement) " Azalea leaf galls 5-20-2022 (Rane) " Pest update  Emerald ash borer (Shrewsbury) " Pest update  Oak felt scale 5/20/2022 (Shrewsbury) " Pest update  Spotted lanternfly 5/20/2022 (Shrewsbury) " Beneficial  Monarch butterflies and caterpillars 5/20/2022 (Shrewsbury) " Pest update  Pruning cicada damage 5/13/2022 (Shrewsbury) " Beneficial  Plasterer bees 5/13/2022 (Shrewsbury) " Pest update  Woolly apple aphid 5/6/2022 (Harding w/ Shrewsbury) " Pest update  Spotted lanternfly 5/6/2022 (Shrewsbury) " Beneficial  Black widow spiders 5/6/2022 (Shrewsbury) " Beneficial  Ants on peonies 4/29/2022 (Shrewsbury) " Pest update  Spotted lanternfly 4/22/2022 (Shrewsbury) " Beneficial  Earwigs 4/22/2022 (Shrewsbury) " Beneficial  Predatory mites 4/15/2022 (Shrewsbury) " Pest update  Spotted lanternfly 4/8/2022 (Shrewsbury) " Beneficial  Twice-stabbed lady beetles 4/8/2022 (Shrewsbury) " Beneficial  Jor? spiders 4/1/2022 (Shrewsbury) " Beneficial - Solitary mason bees 3/25/2022 (Shrewsbury)
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Farcuh, M.*, Schupp, J., Weber.D. (Feb 2022). Use of Extenday reflective groundcover on mid-Atlantic apple cultivars: impact on red blush and canopy light distribution. Pennsylvania Fruit News 102(1): 39-41.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Farcuh, M.*, Weber.D. (Feb 2022). 2021 Season: Characterizing the effect of different harvest maturities and storage temperatures on fruit quality, ripening patterns, and chilling injury development of commercially important apple cultivars grown in the Mid-Atlantic Region. Pennsylvania Fruit News 102(1): 35-39
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Farcuh, M.* (Nov 2021). Fuji apple fruit quality: effect of harvest maturity and storage temperatures. University of Maryland Extension Vegetable and Fruit News Special Research and Meetings Edition 12(7): 11-12. Link: https://extension.umd.edu/resource/fuji-apple-fruit-quality-effect-harvest-maturity-and-storage-temperatures
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Graziano, J.!, Farcuh, M.* (Sep 2021). Controlled Atmosphere Storage of Apples. University of Maryland Extension Vegetable and Fruit News 12(6): 8-9. Link: https://extension.umd.edu/resource/controlled-atmosphere-storage-apples
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: McPherson, C.!, Farcuh, M.* (Nov 2021). Fruit Texture and the Science Behind It. Fact Sheet Number FS-1189. University of Maryland Extension. Link: https://extension.umd.edu/resource/fruit-texture-and-science-behind-it-fs-1189
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Cai, Y #, Farcuh, M.* (Nov 2021). Are Your Peaches Ready to Harvest? Fact Sheet Number FS-1182. University of Maryland Extension. Link: https://extension.umd.edu/resource/are-your-peaches-ready-harvest-fs-1182
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Farcuh, M.* (Nov 2021). El sabor de las frutas �Qu� es y c�mo se consigue? Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. Link: https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2021/11/23/el-sabor-de-las-frutas-que-es-y-como-se-consigue/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Farcuh, M.* (Nov 2021). Coloraci�n roja de la piel de las manzanas: �C�mo se forma y qu� factores la afectan? Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. Link: https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2021/11/01/coloracion-roja-de-la-piel-de-las-manzanas-como-se-forma-y-que-factores-la-afectan/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Farcuh, M.* (Sep 2021). La importancia de la textura en la calidad de las frutas. Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. Link: https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2021/09/27/la-importancia-de-la-textura-en-la-calidad-de-las-frutas/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Leslie, A.W. Translated by D. Bulansky. (May 2022). Cultivos de cobertura: usos y beneficios Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. Link: https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2022/05/16/cultivos-de-cobertura-usos-y-beneficios/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Farcuh, M.* (Sep 2021). How can Growers Determine Apple Fruit Maturity and Optimal Harvest Dates? Fact Sheet Number FS-1180. University of Maryland Extension. Link: https://extension.umd.edu/sites/extension.umd.edu/files/publications/91.%20Apple_fruit_maturity_FS-1180.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Farcuh, M.* (Feb 2022). Depresi�n amarga o bitter pit en manzanas Honeycrisp: �qu� es, qu� lo causa y c�mo se controla? Extension Spanish Blog from the University of Maryland: Extensi�n en Espa�ol. Link: https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2022/02/28/depresion-amarga-o-bitter-pit-en-manzanas-honeycrisp-que-es-que-lo-causa-y-como-se-controla/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. "Bees to look out for: leaf-cutter bees!", Blog, Maryland Grows Blog. May 9, 2022. (https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2022/05/09/bees-to-look-out-for-leaf-cutter-bees/).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Esp�ndola, A. "What are local ecotype plants and why do they matter to pollinators?", Blog, Maryland Grows Blog. April 11, 2022. (https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2022/04/11/what-are-local-ecotype-plants-and-why-do-they-matter-to-pollinators/).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: 3. Esp�ndola, A. " Ayudando a los polinizadores en nuestros peque�os espacios verdes" Blog, Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog. March 14, 2022. (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2022/03/14/ayudando-a-los-polinizadores-en-nuestros-pequenos-espacios-verdes/).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: 4. Esp�ndola, A. " Helping pollinators in small green spaces", Blog, Maryland Grows Blog. March 14, 2022. (https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2022/03/14/helping-pollinators-in-small-green-spaces/)
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: 5. Esp�ndola, A. " �A d�nde van los polinizadores en invierno?," Blog, Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog. February 7, 2022. (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2022/02/07/a-donde-van-los-polinizadores-en-invierno/)
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: 6. Esp�ndola, A. "Planning your garden to support specialized pollinators,", Blog, Maryland Grows Blog. January 10, 2022. (https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2022/01/10/planning-your-garden-to-support-specialized-pollinators/)
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: 7. Esp�ndola, A. "�Qu� son, c�mo se forman y cu�l es la funci�n de los frutos?," Blog, Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog. January 10, 2022. (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2022/01/10/que-son-como-se-forman-y-cual-es-la-funcion-de-los-frutos/).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: 8. Esp�ndola, A. "How do pollinators find plants and flowers?,", Blog, Maryland Grows Blog. December 13, 2021. (https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2021/12/13/how-do-pollinators-find-plants-and-flowers/).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: 9. Esp�ndola, A. "Chocolate, insectos y bosques," Blog, Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog. December 6, 2021. (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2021/12/06/chocolate-insectos-y-bosques/)
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: 10. Esp�ndola, A. "Introducing the king of fall fruits: persimmons!,", Blog, Maryland Grows Blog. November 8, 2021. (https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2021/11/08/introducing-the-king-of-fall-fruits-persimmons/).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: 11. Esp�ndola, A. "Nuestra fruta oto�al nativa de Maryland: los caquis," Blog, Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog. November 8, 2021. (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2021/11/08/nuestra-fruta-otonal-nativa-de-maryland-los-caquis/).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: 12. Esp�ndola, A. "Spooky Behaviors of Pollinators: The Curious Lives of Parasitic Bees,", Blog, Maryland Grows Blog. October 11, 2021. (https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2021/10/11/spooky-behaviors-of-pollinators-the-curious-lives-of-parasitic-bees/).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: 13. Esp�ndola, A. "Polinizadores  un especial de Halloween," Blog, Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog. October 11, 2021. (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2021/10/11/polinizadores-un-especial-de-halloween/).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Smith D. Control biol�gico de malezas por insectos. (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2022/05/09/control-biologico-de-malezas-por-insectos/). May 9, 2022.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: S�enz A. Consideraciones para control de plagas, antes, durante y posteriores al cultivo (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2022/04/19/consideraciones-de-control-de-plagas-antes-durante-y-posteriores-al-cultivo/). April 19, 2022.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: S�enz A. Preparaci�n del suelo: ideas y consideraciones (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2022/03/29/preparacion-del-suelo-ideas-y-consideraciones/). March 29, 2022.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: 14. Esp�ndola, A. "My flowers should be attracting lots of pollinators, but theyre not. Whats going on?,", Blog, Maryland Grows Blog. September 2, 2021. (https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2021/09/02/my-flowers-should-be-attracting-lots-of-pollinators-but-theyre-not-whats-going-on/).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: 15. Esp�ndola, A. "Pawpaw: la fruta tropical de nuestros bosques de Maryland," Blog, Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog. September 2, 2021. (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2021/09/07/pawpaw-la-fruta-tropical-de-nuestros-bosques-de-maryland/)
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: 16. Esp�ndola, A. "Climate change impacts on pollinators and pollination", Blog, Maryland Grows Blog. August 9, 2021. (https://marylandgrows.umd.edu/2021/08/09/climate-change-impacts-on-pollinators-and-pollination/).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: 17. Esp�ndola, A. "Colibr�es  Qui�nes son, c�mo polinizan, y c�mo ayudarlos," Blog, Extensi�n en Espa�ol Blog. August 9, 2021. (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2021/08/09/colibries-quienes-son-como-polinizan-y-como-ayudarlos/).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: S�enz A. Cultivo de verduras de primavera (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2022/05/23/cultivo-de-verduras-de-primavera/). May 23, 2022.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: S�enz A. C�mo preparar alm�cigos de verduras (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2022/02/14/como-preparar-almacigos-de-verduras/). February 14, 2022.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: P�rez Y. La incre�ble biolog�a y diversidad de los hongos. (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2022/01/24/la-increible-biologia-y-diversidad-de-los-hongos/). January 24, 2022.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: S�enz A. Heladas en plantas (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2021/12/14/heladas-en-plantas/). December 14, 2021.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Smith D. Control de plagas sin insecticidas - Las chinches de las flores. (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2021/11/30/control-de-plagas-sin-insecticidas-las-chinches-de-las-flores/). November 30, 2021.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: S�enz A. Verduras de invierno, consideraciones y buenas pr�cticas (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2021/11/16/verduras-de-invierno-consideraciones-y-buenas-practicas/). November 16, 2021.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: S�enz A. Consideraciones postcosecha para cucurbit�ceas (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2021/10/25/consideraciones-postcosecha-de-cucurbitaceas/). October 25, 2021
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Smith D. Control de plagas sin insecticidas: las chinches asesinas. (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2021/10/04/control-de-plagas-sin-insecticidas-las-chinches-asesinas/). October 4, 2021.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: S�enz A. Plagas y enfermedades de la col, repollo y asociados (https://extensionesp.umd.edu/2021/09/20/plagas-y-enfermedades-de-la-col-repollo-y-asociados/). September 20, 2021.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hamby, K., and Owens, D. 2021. Fall armyworm alert: scout sod and pastures! University of Maryland Agronomy News: September 2021 12(6): 3
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Owens, D. and Hamby, K. 2021. Scout sorghum for key insect pests. University of Maryland Agronomy News: September 2021 12(6): 12.