Source: IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to
EXPANDING RURAL VETERINARY PRACTICE THROUGH CONTINUING EDUCATION IN ORGANIC AND NON-CONVENTIONAL LIVESTOCK
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
TERMINATED
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1027127
Grant No.
2021-70024-35463
Project No.
IOWV151841
Proposal No.
2021-06114
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Program Code
VSGPE
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2021
Project End Date
Feb 16, 2024
Grant Year
2021
Project Director
Roth, J. A.
Recipient Organization
IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY
S. AND 16TH ELWOOD
AMES,IA 50011
Performing Department
VMPM
Non Technical Summary
The number of small-scale organic/non-conventional (O/NC) livestock producers in the U.S. is growing every year and that growth is expected to continue. However, veterinarians normally do not receive education on organic regulations, treatment options and practices unique to O/NC production systems in veterinary school or through continuing education. This impacts their knowledge and confidence in working with these producers. The problem is compounded in that O/NC producers appear less likely to use veterinarians to keep their animals healthy. There are gaps in perception, knowledge and communication between O/NC livestock producers and veterinarians. O/NC producers would benefit from veterinary input on the basic elements of herd health including sanitation, stress reduction, biosecurity, nutrition, genetics, parasite prevention and control, vaccination, including the use of conventional therapies when necessary. Veterinarians would benefit from a better understanding of the regulations, standards, practices, available treatments and concerns of O/NC livestock producers. The goal of this project is to develop an online continuing education (CE) course to introduce veterinarians to organic livestock production practices and regulations and provide them with resources for additional information. The course will be designed to give veterinarians the knowledge and tools to open communication channels with O/NC livestock producers, expand their practices and to improve the health and well-being of O/NC livestock in their communities.The CE course will overview organic regulations, standards, practices, allowed and prohibited substances, health and disease prevention, treatment modalities, biosecurity, strategies and best practices in working with O/NC producers including information on how to communicate with these clients. The course will include links to additional information and downloadable resources for future reference. Those who complete the course will receive a certificate to better market themselves and their services to these producers. A comprehensive outreach effort will be implemented to publicize the course to veterinarians nationally.In summary, this project will develop training for veterinarians on O/NC livestock systems, give them confidence to work with these producers, and provide strategies and best practices to encourage them to expand rural veterinary practices. The project will help this non-conventional, niche group of producers improve their operations and build relationships between veterinary practices and O/NC producers. These inputs will ultimately improve the health and welfare of animals on O/NC operations, positively impact food safety and food security, and facilitate prosperity and economic development in rural America.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
31139103030100%
Goals / Objectives
Objective 1: Form the Advisory Committee (AC). Research and compile essential information for veterinarians working with O/NC producers including an introduction to: organic regulations, allowed and prohibited substances, best practices to promote health and disease prevention in organic herds or flocks including the use of conventional therapies when necessary, biosecurity practices and approaches for small operations, disease treatment approaches, parasite prevention and control, and animal health and wellbeing metrics. In addition, research and compile information on practice management tools and practices to build client relationships and veterinary communication skills to improve knowledge, skills and attitudes to increase client adherence to recommendations and improve animal health.Objective 2: Design the overall CE course and align the essential information gathered above into web-based modules covering each topic with the advice of the AC. Develop each module, review modules with AC and subject matter experts, finalize and test with small groups of potential users.Objective 3: Place the course and downloadable resources on the CFSPH continuing education website. Submit the course for approval to the American Association of Veterinary State Boards (AAVSB) Registry of Approved Continuing Education (RACE®). Launch a comprehensive outreach effort.Objective 4: Assessment. Review the pre and post tests, course evaluations and user feedback. Use feedback to make modifications to the course and continue to enhance the course to best meet veterinarian and producer needs.
Project Methods
The 24-month USDA NADPRP, started in early 2021, is titled "Daily Biosecurity and Organic/Non-Conventional Livestock Production: Increasing Awareness of Producers and the Animal Health Partners Who Serve Them." The project involves learning about biosecurity awareness and practices of O/NC producers, developing tools to improve biosecurity and training veterinarians on organic regulations, strategies and best practices related to biosecurity. A major objective of that project is conducting a needs assessment of O/NC producers to determine biosecurity needs. Another major objective is to create a one-hour online training module for veterinarians focusing on biosecurity approaches for O/NC operations. An Advisory Committee will provide input on the assessment and outreach effort.The information received from the Advisory Committee, the needs assessment and focus on biosecurity will help inform the proposed broader project. The NADPRP project will be leveraged and expanded to include animal health, nutrition, herd health, expanding practice operations and outreach in this project.The proposed 6-8 CE course proposed here will be designed to expand veterinary training and knowledge and encourage veterinarians to expand their practices to improve animal health and production on O/NC operations.Objective 1: We will form an Advisory Committee (AC) and include veterinarians with experience working with O/NC producers. We will reach out to both traditional veterinary medical and alternative organizations to identify these practioners. Potential organizations include: the American Association of Extension Veterinarians, American Association of Bovine Practitioners, American Association of Swine Practitioners, American Association of Small Ruminant Practitioners, and American College of Poultry Veterinarians, and the American Association of Veterinary Technicians. Nontraditional organizations could include the International Veterinary Acupuncture Society (IVAS), Chi University, CuraCore Medical Acupuncture for Veterinarians, animal chiropractic (American Veterinary Chiropractic Association AVCA), herbal and botanical medicine (Veterinary Botanical Medicine Association (VBMA) and the Holistic Veterinary Medicine Association (HVMA). We will maintain an already established connection with The Organic Center for a producer perspective. The AC will provide input and feedback throughout the project on the development of the course and tools to assist veterinarians in expanding their practices. AC members will review materials and will help to facilitate testing of resources with small groups of expected users. Each member of the AC (up to 8 advisors) will receive an honorarium of $500 for each year of participation.A CFSPH Veterinary Specialist, assisted by animal science and/or veterinary students, will conduct a literature review and obtain information and advice from the AC. The research will focus on best practices on O/NC operations, disease treatment options, and animal health and well-being metrics. The AC will be engaged in discussions to learn their views on veterinarians' knowledge, attitudes and gaps related to providing services to O/NC producers. The CFSPH Veterinary Specialist will review findings and outline the essential components of the CE course and additional resources for veterinarians. Once the outline is developed, the AC will be asked for feedback. The CFSPH has a long history of developing useful content for veterinarians. For example, the CFSPH developed the 30 initial modules of the USDA's National Veterinary Accreditation Program. The modules covered a wide range of topics; veterinary specialists reviewed the science and regulations, worked with subject matter experts to outline essential content and then develop the highly regarded modules.Objective 2: The CFSPH Veterinary Specialist will finalize the course outline, develop overall learning objectives, and identify the topics to be covered in each module. Modules for this project are anticipated to include lessons on disease treatment approaches, parasite control (both in animal and on pasture), biosecurity, allowed and prohibited substances for organic and alternative farms, endemic and foreign animal diseases of concern, best husbandry practices including stress management, genetics/breed selection, vaccination and other preventive measures, considerations for animal health and wellbeing metrics, practice management and client communication skills.An internal review process with other CFSPH veterinarians will occur and then the AC will be asked to provide feedback on module outlines and learning objectives.The CFSPH Veterinary Specialist will develop the content for each module and work with the instructional and graphic design team to develop the graphic elements to support learning. The course will be internally reviewed then tested with a small group of veterinarians, either from the AC or by individuals recommended by the AC; modifications will be made as needed. We anticipate a 6 to 8-hour course to introduce the essential information veterinarians need to know to best work with this group of producers. Modules will be 30-60 minutes in length and will have interactive features. In addition, scenarios will be included to provide veterinarians and other users with an opportunity to think through different situations and develop potential solutions that best meet the needs of this producer group and the animals they raise. Modules will have downloadable resources or links to additional information for future reference. The CFSPH Veterinary Specialist will also develop short pre and post training knowledge assessments and evaluations for each module and the delayed training assessment for the course. The pre and post training knowledge assessments will be required. Users will be required to complete all modules with a passing score and complete each module evaluation in order to earn a certificate. The module evaluations will provide users an opportunity to provide open ended comments. This input will guide improvements in the course.Objective 3: The CFSPH will place the course and supporting resources on the CFSPH continuing education website, using the Moodle learning management system. This platform enables users to track their progress in the course and allows for discussion boards for questions comments and suggestions among course users. CFSPH will request AAVSB RACE® approval. The CFSPH is already an approved provider for AAVSB courses. RACE® approval provides veterinarians the opportunity to meet licensing requirements on their own time and within the confines of busy practice. Upon completion of the required assessments and module evaluations, veterinarians will receive a certificate. The course will be available at no cost for two years after the completed course is made available.A comprehensive outreach effort will be launched to promote the free course. The CFSPH will reach out to each state veterinary medical association and ask that they promote the free course in their VMA newsletters. In addition, CFSPH will contact veterinary associations (traditional, organic and alternative) and ask that they provide information about the course in their communication with veterinarians. CFSPH will also communicate with U.S. veterinary medical colleges (Associate Deans and faculty advisors for holistic/alternative clubs) and veterinary technician training programs (Deans/Directors) to inform them about the course.Objective 4: The CFSPH will periodically review the pre and post assessment and module evaluations. This feedback will be used to make modifications to the course and continue to enhance the course to meet user and producer needs. The course will be available at no cost for two years. CFSPH will seek sponsors to provide funding to continuously update the content and technology used to deliver the course. See evaluation plan for additional details.

Progress 09/01/21 to 02/16/24

Outputs
Target Audience:The principal target audience for this reporting period was rural veterinarians in the United States. Additional target audienceincludes veterinary technicians, and veterinary students. Changes/Problems:Year 1 In addition to providing CE credit to veterinarians taking these courses we will seek RACE approval for veterinary technicians to complete these courses and earn CE credit. Year 2 A no cost extension was sought and approved for this grant. Our advisory group members had conflicts, including the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in poultry, which caused them to take longer than expected to review and provide input to course content. These delays pushed the project timetable deeper into the spring season, a much busier time for those working with livestock. This delayed the launch the Organic/Alternative Animal Health continuing education course to the end of June 2023. To complete our long-term evaluation, we requested to extend the project until December 31, 2023, to gather adequate data. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Information about the courses is being disseminated through veterinary organizations, via email, social media, websites, blog posts, and conference presentations. Emails were sent to all US State Veterinarians, State Veterinary Medical Associations, Industry groups related to dairy and beef cattle, poultry, sheep, goats, bison, swine; national veterinary medical associations including the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians (NASPHV), and the American College of Veterinary Preventive Medicine (ACVPM). Reminder emails will be sent out again at in September 2023. Course flyers have been sent to organizations that support organic and alternative medical practices including Organic Valley, American Gassfed Association, College of Integrated Veterinary Therapies, American Association of Veterinary Acupuncture, International Veterinary Acupuncture Society, American Veterinary Chiropractic Association, Holistic Veterinary Medical Association and more.. Reminder emails with course flyers will be sent out again in September 2023. Emails will be sent to large animal faculty at AVMA accredited US, Canadian, European, and Caribbean veterinary schools and to all veterinary technician schools in the US in late August 2023 to coincide with the return of students to class, to inspire faculty to include some mention of organic and alternative livestock in their courses and to point their students to the materials as a source to learn more about organic and alternative livestock health. The Center for Food Security and Public Health (CFSPH) website main page rotating banner includes an advertisement for the courses. The Livestock Project website and Facebook Page have posted a blog about the courses with links to course registration. An AG member will present information and materials created under this grant at the American Grassfed Association's annual conference in November 2023. Other State Veterinary medical associations have contacted us regarding presentations of the materials and options are being considered. Course delivery. The six CE courses created under this grant opened to the public on June 30, 2023. They will remain open and available for RACE approved CE credit through June 2025. The data presented here represent the first six months of the 2 year course. The grant ends December 31, 2023. Overall Course Data 255 individuals registered to access the six courses, and were encouraged to take as many courses as desired at no cost. The Overview, Rules and Regulations, Communication, Practice Management and Treatment and Modalities chapters were each one RACE approved CE; the Prevention chapter was worth two RACE approved CE credits for a total of 7 CE credits if all courses were taken. Users came from 32 US states and 15 countries including Mexico, South America, Canada, Australia, and additional participants from Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia, SE Asia, Africa and the Middle East. The largest subgroup of registered users (23) were from Latin America. Registered users included 208 veterinarians (65 were state or federal government officials), 17 veterinary technicians, 20 veterinary students, and 11 others including producers. Registered veterinarians worked in a variety of situations including private practice, state and federal government and industry. Of those in private practice 79% were in large or mixed animal practice. Users completed 316 courses and their respective evaluations. RACE approved CE certificates were issued to 274 individuals. The overall rating of the courses was 8.2/10. The recommendation of the courses to colleagues overall was 8.2/10. Individual course data There were 255 Registered users who completed 316 individual courses. The number of completed courses, rating by users, recommends to colleague rating and number of course downloads is included in the table below. Chapter # completed Rating by user Recommend to colleagues # of chapter downloads Overview 116 7.8/10 7.9/10 62 Prevention 66 7.7/10 7.8/10 27 Rules and Regulations 36 7.8/10 7.8/10 29 Communication 37 7.5/10 7.5/10 13 Practice Management 30 7.9/10 7.9/10 10 Treatments and Modalities 31 8.2/10 8.1/10 21 Summary of delayed evaluation Twenty-one individuals completed the delayed evaluation which was sent out to registered users at least 2 months after they took their first class. Taken together, this group had completed 92 courses; all users had completed multiple courses: Overview course (20/21), Prevention (16/21), rules and Regulations (16/21), communication 13/21, Practice Management 13/21, Modalities and Treatments (14/21). Registered users were asked questions regarding usefulness of course and supporting course materials for their work and personal life. This CE series provides useful content that I can use in my work - 7.7/10 This CE series provides an understanding of the organic and alternative livestock industry that will be useful in my personal life (e.g. as a consumer, citizen etc.) 8.5/10 The materials supporting this CE series (chapter handouts, The Livestock Project Website, etc.) help support my ability to apply this new knowledge 8.5/10 What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Year 1 • An advisory group of 6 members representing various species and production methods, was assembled. Individual meetings were held with each group member to discuss project goals. These interviews yielded ideas for important topics and specific details, learning objectives and draft outlines for the six courses under development under this grant. (An overview presentation - Overview of Organic and Alternative Livestock Health was developed under a USDA NADPRP grant). The six CE courses developed under this NIFA grant will expand on those topic areas and include: • Rules, Regulations Standards and Allowed and Prohibited Substances • Prevention - proactive practical measures to prioritize animal health • Practicing medicine on O/A farms - Part 1 (background, natural treatments, VCPR • Practicing medicine on O/A Farms part 2 -species specific conditions/treatments. • Communication - expanding communication styles, conflict resolution techniques • Practice Management - incorporating organic and alternative clients into your practice Year 2 Consultation with our advisory group (AG) continued during year two as we researched and wrote content for the five additional CE courses. The AG reviewed outlines and provided review and input on content, scenarios, interactives and graphics. • The courses were finalized and entered into Pressbooks, the open-source publishing tool we are using to present the courses and to create a downloadable PDF version of each course. • Web programming was completed in the learning management system (Moodle) to provide delivery and tracking of course completion and issuing of continuing education credit and certificates earned by participants. • Documentation was submitted to the American Association of Veterinary State Boards (AAVSB) and RACE approval was obtained for each of the courses. The Overview course was created under a different grant but was submitted for approval again with the additional five courses created under this grant. RACE credits associated with each course: Overview (1), Rules and Regulations (1), Prevention (2), Communication (1), Practice Management (1), Treatments and Modalities (1). • Courses were posted for use on June 29, 2023 and outreach/advertisement about the courses was launched June 30, 2023.

Publications


    Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23

    Outputs
    Target Audience:The principal target audience for this reporting period was rural veterinarians in the United States. Additional target audience includes veterinary technicians, and veterinary students. Changes/Problems:Year 1 In addition to providing CE credit to veterinarians taking these courses we will seek RACE approval for veterinary technicians to complete these courses and earn CE credit. Year 2 A no cost extension was sought and approved for this grant. Our advisory group members had conflicts, including the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in poultry, which caused them to take longer than expected to review and provide input to course content. These delays pushed the project timetable deeper into the spring season, a much busier time for those working with livestock. This delayed the launch the Organic/Alternative Animal Health continuing education course to the end of June 2023. To complete our long-term evaluation, we requested to extend the project until December 31, 2023, to gather adequate data. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Information about the courses is being disseminated through veterinary organizations, via email, social media, websites, blog posts, and conference presentations. Emails were sent to all US State Veterinarians, State Veterinary Medical Associations, Industry groups related to dairy and beef cattle, poultry, sheep, goats, bison, swine; national veterinary medical associations including the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians (NASPHV), and the American College of Veterinary Preventive Medicine (ACVPM). Reminder emails will be sent out again at in September 2023. Course flyers have been sent to organizations that support organic and alternative medical practices including Organic Valley, American Gassfed Association, College of Integrated Veterinary Therapies, American Association of Veterinary Acupuncture, International Veterinary Acupuncture Society, American Veterinary Chiropractic Association, Holistic Veterinary Medical Association and more.. Reminder emails with course flyers will be sent out again in September 2023. Emails will be sent to large animal faculty at AVMA accredited US, Canadian, European, and Caribbean veterinary schools and to all veterinary technician schools in the US in late August 2023 to coincide with the return of students to class, to inspire faculty to include some mention of organic and alternative livestock in their courses and to point their students to the materials as a source to learn more about organic and alternative livestock health. The Center for Food Security and Public Health (CFSPH) website main page rotating banner includes an advertisement for the courses. The Livestock Project website and Facebook Page have posted a blog about the courses with links to course registration. An AG member will present information and materials created under this grant at the American Grassfed Association's annual conference in November 2023. Other State Veterinary medical associations have contacted us regarding presentations of the materials and options are being considered. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Remaining goals include evaluation and assessment of the enrollment and effectiveness of the courses. A delayed course evaluation survey has been developed to assess learning retention and learning transfer (if they now use what they learned in their work). Two months after participants have taken the courses they will receive the short evaluation survey. The results will be analyzed, and results reported.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Year 1 An advisory group of 6 members representing various species and production methods, was assembled. Individual meetings were held with each group member to discuss project goals. These interviews yielded ideas for important topics and specific details, learning objectives and draft outlines for the six courses under development under this grant. (An overview presentation - Overview of Organic and Alternative Livestock Health was developed under a USDA NADPRP grant). The six CE courses developed under this NIFA grant will expand on those topic areas and include: Rules, Regulations Standards and Allowed and Prohibited Substances Prevention - proactive practical measures to prioritize animal health Practicing medicine on O/A farms - Part 1 (background, natural treatments, VCPR Practicing medicine on O/A Farms part 2 -species specific conditions/treatments. Communication - expanding communication styles, conflict resolution techniques Practice Management - incorporating organic and alternative clients into your practice Year 2 Consultation with our advisory group (AG) continued during year two as we researched and wrote content for the five additional CE courses. The AG reviewed outlines and provided review and input on content, scenarios, interactives and graphics. The courses were finalized and entered into Pressbooks, the open-source publishing tool we are using to present the courses and to create a downloadable PDF version of each course. Web programming was completed in the learning management system (Moodle) to provide delivery and tracking of course completion and issuing of continuing education credit and certificates earned by participants. Documentation was submitted to the American Association of Veterinary State Boards (AAVSB) and RACE approval was obtained for each of the courses. The Overview course was created under a different grant but was submitted for approval again with the additional five courses created under this grant. RACE credits associated with each course: Overview (1), Rules and Regulations (1), Prevention (2), Communication (1), Practice Management (1), Treatments and Modalities (1). Courses were posted for use on June 29, 2023 and outreach/advertisement about the courses was launched June 30, 2023.

    Publications


      Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22

      Outputs
      Target Audience:The principal target audience for this reporting period was rural veterinarians in the United States. Changes/Problems:In addition to providing CE credit to veterinarians taking these courses we will seek RACE approval for veterinary technicians to complete these courses and earn CE credit. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Dissemination of materials and evaluation will occur in the next reporting period of this project. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue consultation with members of the advisory group Complete development of the courses from draft outlines Enter courses into Pressbooks, the open-source publishing tool we are using to create a downloadable PDF version of the courses. Complete web programming in the learning management system (Moodle) to provide delivery and tracking of course completion and issuing of continuing education credit earned. Obtain RACE approval for the continuing education courses Advertise the continuing education course to rural veterinarians Evaluate and assess the enrollment and effectiveness of the course

      Impacts
      What was accomplished under these goals? An advisory group of 6 members representing various species and production methods, was assembled. Individual meetings were held with each group member to discuss project goals. These interviews yielded ideas for important topics and specific details, learning objectives and draft outlines for the six courses under development under this grant. (An overview presentation - Overview of Organic and Alternative Livestock Health was developed under a USDA NADPRP grant). The six CE courses developed under this NIFA grant will expand on those topic areas and include: Rules, Regulations Standards and Allowed and Prohibited Substances Prevention - proactive practical measures to prioritize animal health Practicing medicine on O/A farms - Part 1 (background, natural treatments, VCPR Practicing medicine on O/A Farms part 2 -species specific conditions/treatments. Communication - expanding communication styles, conflict resolution techniques Practice Management - incorporating organic and alternative clients into your practice

      Publications