Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/23
Outputs
Target Audience:The primary goal for VMCVM FARAD is to provide outreach and support to veterinarians on issues of extralabel drug use withdrawal intervals. This is done online and via phone submission. VMCVM FARAD responds to calls for approximately 17 weeks out of a 52 week period. At an average of 70-80 calls per week (up to 115 calls per week), this results in a significant benefit to veterinarians, ourtarget audience. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?FARAD re-instituted in person annual meetings in 2022. Drs. Mercer and Davis attended and participated in discussion with the FARAD group, AVMA and USDA. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?All call responses go directly to the veterinarian of record on the case. All FARAD Digests areavailable open access through JAVMA and the FARAD website. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
ordinary requests" for drug withdrawal recommendations (related to extra-label drug use or accidental drug overdoses) to "extraordinary requests", which include pesticide and contaminant exposures. Pharmacokinetic Trials VMCVM has been involved in sample and data analysis for 4 separate studies examing flrofenicol tissue and milk residues in meat and dairy goats, in both adult does and kids. This has so far resulted in 2 publications, one abstract presentations, 1 publication submitted and another one in progress. This data will eventually be used to develop, validate and publish a PBPK model for small ruminants.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
2. Zad N, Tell LA, Ampadi Ramachandran R, Xu X, Riviere JE, Baynes R, Lin Z, Maunsell F, Davis JL, Jaberi-Douraki M. Development of machine learning algorithms to estimate maximum residue limits for veterinary medicines. Food Chem Toxicol. 2023 Jul 26;179:113920. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113920.
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Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23
Outputs
Target Audience:The primary goal for VMCVM FARAD is to provide outreach and support to veterinarians on issues of extralabel drug use withdrawal intervals. This is done online and via phone submission. VMCVM FARAD responds tocalls for approximately 17 weeks out of a 52 week period. At an average of 70-80 calls per week (up to 115 calls per week), this results in asignificant benefit to veterinarians, our target audience. Changes/Problems:Dr. Mercer transitionedto an adjunct faculty position aftershe finishing her graduate studies. Her duties with VT continued as previously described. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Dr. Davis is in charge of organizing and presiding over training workshops for new FARAD call responders at VMCVM, UC Davis and NC State University. A training session wasscheduled for September/November 2022. Recordings of previous training sessions have been made available to new and old responders for asynchronous learning. VMCVM is also responsible for scheduling, hosting and archiving responders quarterly meetings, during which the responders and directors discuss problem cases, future needs for faster, more accurate responses, and updates to recommendations and website changes. FARAD re-instituted in person annual meetings in 2022. Drs. Mercer and Davis attended and participated in discussion with the FARAD group, AVMA and USDA. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?All call responses go directly to the veterinarian of record on the case. Pharmacokinetics trials have been published once completed and made available as open access publications where possible. Informational presentations regarding FARAD have been presented at localand national meetings. All Directors are involved in developing content for these presentations. Questions arising from the presentations are discussed and addressed where appropriate. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to respond to veterinary ELDU inquiries. Additional pharmacokinetic trials will be scheduled within the next 12 month period (to coincide with calving, lambing, kidding and maximal milk production in farm animals). VT will be involved in analyzing plasma/milk/tissue samples for these studies.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Veterinarians, extension specialists, regulators, or producers may submit questions for expert-mediated consultations with FARAD via a nationwide toll-free hotline (1-888-USFARAD) or through a Web-based online submission portal (http://cafarad.ucdavis.edu/FARMWeb/). The databank, which is updated and maintained at UCD, is readily searchable and allows for curated information to be accessed and considered by trained doctoral-level professional FARAD staff members at UCD, NCSU and VM who provide advice and guidance in response to inquiries from veterinarians about potential residue problems associated with situations involving contaminant exposure or legal extra-label drug therapy in food-producing animals. Withdrawal interval recommendations provided by FARAD allow veterinarians to practice safe and appropriate extra-label drug use in food animals. This process entails complex PK modeling and is constantly evolving and undergoing revision as more information becomes available. In certain situations, modeling may involve use of simple mathematical extrapolations to predict tissue depletion of drugs or chemicals, whereas in other situations with less applicable information available, the extrapolation process may necessitate use of novel models with complex algorithms in order to predict depletion profiles. These approaches, for which FARAD is the unique resource, are considered best practices and are consistent with AMDUCA guidelines for sound principles of residue avoidance. The use of FARAD program resources has undergone remarkable growth over the last decade, both in the number of specific residue-related questions received via our telephone hotline plus our internet-based portal, as well as the number of visits to our web-based information resources at www.farad.org. Data on user access to FARAD resources are shown in the table below. During 2022, the regional access centers answered 4,372 specific inquiries through emergency telephone calls or the online submission portal (entailing multiple drugs/contaminants) that directly involved approximately 3.5 million animals. Given the amount of list-serve sharing of FARAD's answers, these calls most likely indirectly impacted other sets of animals, which are unquantifiable. The majority of these inquiries were submitted via the online submission portal and remain focused on poultry (34%) and small ruminants (30%), followed by cattle (18%; dairy, beef and veal), swine (14%), other species (3%), and rabbits (1%). Depending on the species, each request may impact either a single animal or large populations. The reasons for calls are very diverse and range from "ordinary requests" for drug withdrawal recommendations (related to extra-label drug use or accidental drug overdoses) to "extraordinary requests", which include pesticide and contaminant exposures. The VMCVM Regional Response Center handles approximtely 1/3 of these inquiries and is involved with additional complicated cases, including environmental contaminants, feed mill errors and cases dealing with potential illegal drug use. Pharmacokinetic Trials VMCVM has been involved in sample and data analysis for 4 separate studies examing flrofenicol tissue and milk residues in meat and dairy goats, in both adult does and kids. This has so far resulted in 2 publications, one abstract presentations, 1 publication submitted and another one in progress. This data will eventually be used to develop, validate and publish a PBPK model for small ruminants.
Publications
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Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22
Outputs
Target Audience:The primary goal for VMCVM FARAD is to provide outreach and support to veterinarians on issues of extralabel drug use withdrawal intervals. This is done online and via phone submission. VMCVM FARAD responds to calls for approximately 17 weeks out of a 52 week period. At an average of 60-80 calls per week, this results in a significant benefit to veterinarians, our target audience. Changes/Problems:Dr. Mercer will be transitioning to an adjunct faculty position as she will finishher graduate studies shortly. Her duties with VT will continue as previously described. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Dr. Davis is in charge of organizing and presiding over training workshops for new FARAD call responders at VMCVM, UC Davis and NC State University. A training session is being scheduled for September/November 2022. Recordings of previous training sessions have been made available to new and old responders for asynchronous learning. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?All call responses go directly to the veterinarian of record on the case. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue to respond to veterinary ELDU inquiries. Additional pharmacokinetic trials will bescheduled within the next12 month period (to coincide with calving, lambing, kidding and maximal milk production in farmanimals). VT will be involved in analyzing plasma/milk/tissue samples for these studies.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The VMCVM Regional Access Center has been active since September 2018. Drs. Mercer and Davis have been responsible for answering calls for a third of this period, as well as consulting on calls and cases during the remaining 2/3 of the time. Dr. Davis has been in charge of updating and refining the FARAD Responder's manual and hosting responder training meetings for all new responders. Manuscript preparation is underway for projects involving florfenicol in goats and kids.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
2. Mercer MA, Davis JL, Riviere JE, Baynes RE, Tell LA, Jaberi-Douraki M, Maunsell FP, Lin Z: FARAD Digest, Mechanisms of toxicity and residue considerations of rodenticide exposure in food animals a FARAD perspective. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 260(5):514-523, 2022. [PMID: 35092661].
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Chou WC, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Davis JL, Maunsell FP, Riviere JE, Lin Z. An Interactive Generic Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (igPBPK) Modeling Platform to Predict Drug Withdrawal Intervals in Cattle and Swine: A Case Study on Flunixin, Florfenicol, and Penicillin G. Toxicol Sci. 2022 Jul 28;188(2):180-197.
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