Source: OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
CYFAR: OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY AND WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSITY SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY PROJECT (SCP)THE UNITED WE CAN: YOUTH ENTREPRENEURSHIP PROGRAM
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
ACTIVE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1027073
Grant No.
2021-41520-35287
Cumulative Award Amt.
$1,034,179.00
Proposal No.
2021-04109
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Aug 25, 2021
Project End Date
Aug 24, 2025
Grant Year
2024
Program Code
[MC]- Youth at Risk
Recipient Organization
OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
STILLWATER,OK 74078
Performing Department
Human Development & Family Sci
Non Technical Summary
Student dropout has been called a silent epidemic in the U.S. Over the past 50 years, the U.S. has fallen from having one of the highest graduation rates among the world's developed countries to ranking close to the bottom (22nd out of 27 countries). Most of these dropouts occur in low-performing schools in low-income neighborhoods and disproportionately affect the nation's minority students. Almost 2,000 high schools across the U.S. have been categorized as "dropout factories" because they graduate less than 60% of their students and account for over 50% of the students who leave school every year. About 32% of minority students attend "dropout factories" compared to only 8% of white students creating widening issues of equity and inclusion. Dropout increases the risk of living in poverty and impoverishes the nation. On average, students who drop out earn $30,000 per year less than do students from the same socioeconomic states that graduated by the time they are in middle adulthood. Over half of high school dropouts are on public assistance and each dropout will create a cost to taxpayers exceeding $300,000 over their lifetime. Additionally, nearly 83% of incarcerated persons are high school dropouts. In short, dropout causes incalculable human suffering and staggering economic costs.United We Can (UWC) is a research-based prevention program designed to help address the nation's dropout epidemic by bringing together three key areas that have been shown to promote academic achievement among youth. First, UWC works to reduce barriers to and encourage family engagement in the child's education. Parents or guardians and youth attend a series of workshops together that use instruction, interactive activities, and guided reflections to aid parentThe ¡Unidos Se Puede! (United We Can!) program is a family-based program that targets low-income middle-school youth and their families. The United We Can! (UWC) program helps these youth do better in school, avoid risky behaviors such as drug use and teen pregnancy, and reduce the chronic stress in their lives that lead to school dropout and long-term physical and emotional problems.How does it work? UWC has three major components: Family Engagement, Youth Personal Agency, and Positive Peer Affiliations.Family Engagement. Families attend a series of meetings in which we use fun activities and games to help parents become more involved in their child's schooling, learn general parenting skills, become more comfortable with the U.S. educational system, and learn how to advocate for their child's success. In addition to increased school engagement, the sessions: (a) help parents network with others in a way that reduces social isolation, (b) regain a sense of control over their and their child's future, and (c) cultivate the hope necessary to successfully cope with stress and practice positive parenting. These sessions are followed up by 14 monthly booster sessions in which we connect parents and youth to community resources, introduce new themes, and practice the skills already learned.Youth Personal Agency. This component empowers youth to take control of their own future. Youth are assigned to a success coach who works with them to develop a personal success plan focused on educational goals and critical life skills. Coaches are young adults who are enrolled in college or have recently graduated. Coaches monitor students' academic progress using data provided by the school on absences, grades, and behavior problems. When challenges arise, coaches use the challenges to help youth develop life skills such as emotion regulation, goal setting, critical thinking, problem-solving, and other attributes of positive youth development (e.g., personal care, study habits, time management). Coaches also maintain regular contact with parents to help foster strong parent-adolescent relationships and to encourage and empower their involvement in their child's academic achievement.Positive Peer Affiliations. Youth participate in regular activities (monthly during the school year and weekly during the summer) designed to provide a space in which they can bond with each other and develop a sense of belonging with a group of like-minded peers. Activities focus on exposure to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) related careers as well as training in entrepreneurship including an end-of-year competition judged by successful business owners from the community. A final summer outing takes youth to a major college campus. Here youth begin to envision themselves completing a four-year degree by interacting with professors and students in specially designed workshops on diverse topics such as DNA sequencing, robotics, social science data collection, and videography.
Animal Health Component
0%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
100%
Applied
0%
Developmental
0%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
80260993020100%
Goals / Objectives
This project proposes to increase academic performance, reduce high-risk behaviors, and increase small business start-ups among economically underprivileged youth who are at-risk for not completing high school. The United We Can! program model will be implemented, which includes a five-week family workshop series, training in entrepreneurship, monthly booster sessions, weekly one-on-one coaching, monthly 4H Entrepreneurship Clubs, and a Summer Youth Academy for at-risk youth. An interrupted time-series design will be used to evaluate key outcomes of the project. This project promotes the CYFAR outcome "Teens," and will demonstrate increases in knowledge, skills, attitudes, and behavior necessary for fulfilling contributing lives.Program description. This educational evidence-based program helps to accomplish the NIFA goal of equipping youth who are at risk of not meeting basic human needs with the skills they need to lead positive, productive, and contributing lives through strong land-grant/community partnerships. To accomplish these outcomes, UWC addresses three primary aims known to impact academic attainment and workforce preparation:1) enhancing youth self-efficacy and social-emotional learning,2) improving parental involvement in school, and3) creating a sense of belonging among a group of positively focused peers and to a positive social institution (school).
Project Methods
This Joint SCP builds on Extension's successful ongoing work with underserved communities from two historically underserved states. A rigorous evaluation plan has produced ten waves of data from OSU's past and present CYFAR projects that show youth in the UWC program improved academic outcomes (grades, absences, detentions, and suspensions) and showed statistically significant increases in parental involvement in child's schooling, youth and parent academic expectations, youth self-efficacy and STEM involvement, family cohesion, and decreases in negative peer affiliations and youth drug use (. Parent attendance to parent-teacher conferences also increased to 98% across sites. This proposal combines OSU's expertise in implementing an evidence-based program, WVU's expertise working with underserved communities, and resources from key community partners to implement UWC with at-risk families in two sites in Tulsa, OK and in Mingo, Logan, and Hardy Counties in West Virginia. Program description. This educational evidence-based program helps to accomplish the NIFA goal of equipping youth who are at risk of not meeting basic human needs with the skills they need to lead positive, productive, and contributing lives through strong land-grant/community partnerships.1. UWC Family Workshop Series and Monthly Booster Sessions. Program Coordinators conduct the five weekly 2.5-hour educational sessions for parents in conjunction with community partners to encourage supportive family relationships (#3), cultural identity, and mutual understanding (#4). Sessions are designed to: a) help parents communicate with school personnel, and empower parents to advocate successfully on behalf of their child; b) introduce parents and youth to available community and school resources that support academic success; c) promote parental support and involvement, and equip them with strategies to avoid barriers to academic success; d) teach the planning and setting of realistic goals, e) train parents to access and use school-based technology to track student performance; f) provide general, culturally appropriate parenting skills; and g) motivate enrollment in post-secondary education. Concurrent youth sessions use the evidence-based JA entrepreneurship programs It's My Business, which uses interactive hands-on activities and technology (e.g., media, apps, and computer software) to teach and promote creative thinking, problem-solving, goal setting, exploration of career options, a vision of potential future selves, and persistence. Success Coaches (Extension Program Assistants) under the direction of site-based Program Coordinators with the help of personnel from the targeted county coalitions in each location lead the youth component. In later years older project youth (e.g., 9th - 12th grade) also help with the youth component to further develop their own leadership skills. After the initial UWC Family Workshop Series, monthly 2-hour Family Fun Night booster sessions reinforce knowledge and skills gained from the workshop series and further connect families to local resources. Interactive learning strategies are used to teach topics such as family cohesion, communication, parenting, nutrition, hygiene, and financial planning. Technology and STEM activities are woven into sessions such as learning to use special apps (e.g., for nutrition, exercise, scheduling), web security, and the school district's Internet portal (i.e., PowerSchool) to monitor student academic progress and improve communication between parents and school staff. Booster sessions are led by Project Coordinators and community partners.2. Success Coaching (#8). Each year Success Coaches develop a computer-based individualized needs and assets assessment to guide efforts with each student in the program(technology). During the first two school years of the project (7th-8th grades), Success Coaches meet with youth weekly or bi-weekly depending on need (25-32 individual contact hours per student per year) to provide appropriate monitoring, structure, and targeted support (#2), and discuss progress towards goals including challenges and successes. During the third year of the project (9th grade) students continue in regular 4-H activities and transition into a leadership position to reinforce behavior changes. Success Coaches support youth in the areas of efficacy and mattering (#6), and in creating a safe environment for youth (#1) to learn and succeed. They accomplish this by: (1) using data on academic performance to monitor grades and attendance and regularly communicating with parents to continue promoting their school involvement (technology); (2) helping youth overcome barriers by teaching and modeling problem-solving skills and goal setting, and connecting youth to community resources such as academic tutors and to other professionals and organizations as needed; (3) promoting attendance to program activities such as 4-H, Family Fun Night, and Summer Program; (4) helping youth prepare for college entrance exams and financial aid applications. Success Coaches use technologies familiar to youth (e.g., text messaging) to connect with youth during after-school hours and between their scheduled meetings and the UWC specially designed app to guide the success coaching sessions with students. Success Coaches meet weekly with Program Coordinators and monthly with Program Directors Cox and Cobb for in-service training and to troubleshoot difficult cases.3. Monthly 4-H Entrepreneurship Clubs. Monthly 4H Club activities will strengthen youth life skills and further entrepreneurship training (e.g., goal setting, decision-making, leadership, being a team member, writing and speaking skills, conflict resolution, coping with stress, service, eating healthy, and being physically active) and STEM activities that promote academic success and expose youth to possible career tracks. Success Coaches and trained adult volunteers provide structural support for activities. 4H Clubs create physical and psychological safety for youth in which they can express themselves and feel supported (#1,#5), and provide opportunities for youth to belong to a cultural group that they lead (#4), strengthening their life skills (#7, #5) and promoting positive peer affiliations - a known deterrent to academic failure. The use of technology is integrated into project activities, such as assisting youth in developing critical thinking skills through reflective journaling using a blog, learning criteria for credible websites and safe use of the Internet, and exploring potential career interests or colleges using search tools. In 10th thru 12th grades, structured activities and the use of technology help youth successfully prepare for and complete college admission, financial aid, scholarship applications, and college entrance exams (e.g., ACT, SAT). Older youth (e.g., 9th -12th graders) transition into volunteer leaders to help organize and facilitate program activities, and tutor younger students in the project.4. UWC Eight-Week Summer Program. UWC partners with numerous community partners to offer an overnight camp for the entire family, outings to museums, soccer clinics, and exposure to diverse career opportunities during June and July to create a sense of physical and psychological safety where students express themselves and grow in unity as 4-H club members (#1, #5). Additionally, youth gain a sense of college life by visiting the OSU and WVU campuses. During this multi-day experience, youth tour the campus, eat in a dining hall, stay overnight in a residence hall, participate in STEM and Entrepreneurship activities, and listen to a student panel discuss career opportunities and tips for high school preparation to help ensure college success. Older project youth assist with the planning of the Summer Program to continue gaining leadership skills.

Progress 08/25/22 to 08/24/23

Outputs
Target Audience:• We targeted 7th and 8th grade students who are struggling with their academic performance. • Approximately 90% of students at these sites are on the free and reduced lunch program. • Sites are ethnically diverse with the largest ethnic minority being Hispanic. Therefore, we expect a diverse audience with a heavier emphasis on Hispanic youth. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Team members from both states attended the 2023 CYFAR SCP Grantee Orientation and Annual Conference. Team member from both states have been meeting regularly with our CYFAR coach and regularly interact with staff to provide professional development. Weekly staff meetings with the PD provided numerous opportunities for professional development Staff participated in several PDTA networking calls and workshops such as Volunteering in your Workplace and Working with Ethnic minorities. Staff attended the annual CYFAR PDTA conference and attended numerous sessions. PD led staff in special training sessions around the growth mindset, habit formation, hope, and grit. We engaged with the OSU Lasso Center for two trainings on coaching. Staff participated in the Neuroscience Epigenetic and ACEs Resilience Training Three staff were invited to participate in the prestigious Hispanic Leadership Institute. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Engagement with local advisory committees for WVU sites in Hardy, Logan, and Mingo Counties and for OSU sites in Tulsa county is ongoing. Great success has been achieved in the area of community engagement, with significant movement toward program sustainability. For instance, the OSU College of Education and Human Sciences has recognized the merits of the program and has allocated funds and personnel to plan and implement special events and provide students enrolled in CYFAR opportunities to participate in campus-based field trips. The OSU Foundation partnered with the CYFAR program to initiate a fundraising campaign and almost $5,000 was raised to help offset expenses. The Zarrow Foundation donated $10,000 on behalf of the United We Can program. Finally, TPS school administrators at the district level have taken note of CYFAR programming and are working with the OSU PD to expand the reach of the United We Can program into more schools, have made school data available to the team to better assess academic outcomes, and have included the OSU CYFAR PD on a district-level taskforce to address chronic absenteeism in the district. Evaluation results have been shared with Tulsa Public Schools. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?• Recruit a new cohort of youth into the program. • Expose youth to more career opportunities. • Continue to develop partnerships with community members to promote sustainability. • Work toward developing a leadership program for youth who finish our program and wish to go on. • Finally, we are working with a local foundation to establish a scholarship fund for youth who finish our program.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Year 1 of the Joint CYFAR SCP program (2021-2022) was a start-up year during which time we worked out all the logistics to commence with programming; however we were still operating under COVID restrictions in the schools. Year 2 of the program Joint CYFAR SCP (2022-2023) COVID-related restrictions were fully lifted in both states at the beginning fall semester of 2022 and we were able to initiate programming; although there were numerous challenges to recruitment as children, parents, and schools were somewhat reticent to engage. The United We Can curriculum is being implemented in both states, Oklahoma (Tulsa County, Monroe Jr. High School, and East Central Jr. High School), and West Virginia (i.e., Hardy, Logan, and Mingo Counties). All program staff are hired and in place and working toward the program objectives. Success coaches have been trained, small offices have been assigned to our staff and staff are embedded in their schools. Staff have created individualize success plans for each child that outline the child's area of interest and set small goals to help the child work toward those goals, make day to day decisions that are aligned with their goals, and avoid emotional responses to problems that arise that might derail their accomplishment of goals. Small successes in setting and accomplishing goals create a trajectory of success and build confidence allowing the child to slowly set increasingly more ambitious goals to work toward. Staff also work to engender community and school support by collaborating with communities and schools in their initiatives such as working as translators at parent-teacher conferences, enrolling students in financial aid opportunities, connecting parents to community resources (e.g., Food Bank, mental health counseling), and addressing some discipline issues at the school (e.g., absenteeism, being disruptive on the bus). Recruitment of youth into programing is ongoing and is making good progress. For instance, each Oklahoma site has 30+ youth enrolled (10 youth more than our target number of 20). Efforts are being made to engage with parents, but progress has been slow. To date, only about 50% of the parents of our youth are fully engaging with the program. Qualitative interviews revealed that part of the problem is financial due to the high impact of inflationary pressures in our communities and a budget modification to NIFA was requested in late 2023 to offset this with gas cards for participants who attend family workshops and events. This strategy is be implemented next month and we expect to have better results in our next set of family workshops. In addition to offering gas cards to offset the expense of traveling to meetings, the CYFAR team is experimenting with different delivery modalities, using a texting service, incorporating innovative social media strategies, and leveraging our school-based partners. CYFAR Common Measures. Data collection is ongoing and second round of common measures have been submitted to CYFAR.org. A third round of common measures will be submitted in March 2024. Summer programming for youth was well attended and planning for summer 2024 year is almost finalized. Youth were able to participate in numerous activities that exposed them to diverse career opportunities from small business owners (e.g., butterfly farm) to different trades (e.g., carpentry), to law enforcement and first responders, to STEM related professional careers (e.g., chemist for an art museum). Youth also attended a summer camp that exposed them to university life during which time they met with college students who shared their stories about how they made it to college. Also, Cooperative Extension educators provided a program called Reality Check simulated the adult life in that youth were assigned a salary based on a profession and had to create a balanced budget that covered all of the necessary expenditures of life (e.g., transportation, housing, insurance, food, entertainment). Youth were provided an opportunity to share their experiences through a time of debriefing in which they reflected on the importance of education to their future possible selves.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Anderson, M., Giano, Z., Shreffler, K. M., Cox, R. B., & Croff, J. M. (2023). Immigration Enforcement and Hispanic Youth Substance Use: Is Depression a Mediator? Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 25(2), 306-314.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Cox, R. B., Lin, H., Larzelere, R. E., & Bao, J. (2023). Fear of deportation and Hispanic early adolescent substance use: a moderated mediation model of stress and hope. Prevention science, 25, 318329.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sahbaz S., Cox, R. B., Lin, H., Washburn, I. J., & Greder, K. (2023). PROMIS Pediatric Psychological Stress Measure: Validity for immigrant Latino youth. Family Relations. 72(3), 719-733
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Lin, H., Cox, R. B., Sahbaz S., Washburn, I. J. Larzelere, R. E. & Greder, K. (2023). Hope for Latino immigrant youth: A longitudinal test of Snyders Hope Scale. Family Relations, 72(3), 697-718
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Cox, R. B., Lin, H., *Leon-Cartagena, M. J., Greder, K. A., Larzelere, R. E., Washburn, I. J. Sahbaz, S. (2023). Validation of the Family Fear of Deportation Scale for Youth. Family Relations, 72(3), 734754. https://doi.org/10.1111/
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: deSouza, D., Lin, H., & Cox, R. (2022). Immigrant Parents and Children Navigating Two Languages: A Scoping Review. Journal of Family Theory & Review, 15(1), 133-161.


Progress 08/25/21 to 08/24/22

Outputs
Target Audience: We targeted 7th and 8th grade students who are struggling with their academic performance. Approximately 90% of students at these sites are on the free and reduced lunch program. Sites are ethnically diverse with the largest ethnic minority being Hispanic. Therefore, we expect a diverse audience with a heavier emphasis on Hispanic youth. Changes/Problems: Due to COVID, our plans to initiate recruitment in the first year were delayed Programming was done primarily in brief activities and in the afterschool space due to restrictions resulting from COVID. We were offered the opportunity to partner with the Tulsa Opportunity Project to start after-school programming at East Central Jr. High School and took advantage of this opportunity. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Weekly staff meetings with the PD provided numerous opportunities for professional development Staff participated in several PDTA networking calls and workshops such as Volunteering in your Workplace and Working with Ethnic minorities. Staff attended the annual CYFAR PDTA conference and attended numerous sessions. PD led staff in special training sessions around the growth mindset, habit formation, hope, and grit. We engaged with the OSU Lasso Center for two trainings on coaching. Staff participated in the Neuroscience Epigenetic and ACEs Resilience Training Three staff were invited to participate in the prestigious Hispanic Leadership Institute. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Recruit 40 youth into the program. We are developing an agreement with OSU-Tulsa to collaborate on a new summer program sponsored by OSU-Tulsa Additionally, we are working with OSU-Tulsa to develop a leadership program for youth who finish our program. Finally, we are working with a local foundation to establish a scholarship fund for youth who finish our program.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? From 10/1/2021 to 9/30/2022, the Unidos Se Puede/United We Can (UWC) team continued to manage the COVID-19 crisis with families, students, and the school sites where we are working. This was the first year of the grant that focused on developing materials hiring employees, creating a community advisory board, establishing relationships with our site administrators, and letting students and families know of our plans. UWC team was not allowed back into schools until February 2022. During the months leading up to 2/22, the UWC team worked to support school administrators at our two sites to conduct home visits to families who had been non-responsive to calls to return to school or who had been inconsistent in their attendance. This activity helped support parents and increased their involvement in their child's education. We reviewed, adapted, and updated our program by developing a new six-session family workshop series using technology such that the workshop could be seamlessly delivered in person or online. We launched a pilot version of the workshop series from late March through April of 2022. Attendance was modest, but those that attended had glowing reviews. Staff from this project worked with staff from our other CYFAR projects as they continued to provide support to youth and implement the program. This helped our current staff learn to: Coach students in emotional and social learning skills. Help students develop positive peer affiliations and career exploration through our summer program that included. This included twice-weekly interactive sessions with community partners. Each day had a separate focus on health, science, or the arts and humanities. For instance: An activity in conjunction with the Tulsa Health Department exposed youth to different professions in the sciences that did not require an advanced degree such as food scientist, hazardous materials, epidemiology, nursing, lab techs, etc. An activity with a mental health partner taught youth how to combat stress and anxiety by releasing dopamine in the brain through simple activities such as: reading a book, drinking water, doing yoga exercises, etc. Two fine arts days one at the Philbrook Museum in which our student received an exclusive tour (the museum was closed to the public) to learn about curating via the world-famous Frida Kahlo and Diego Rivera exhibit. The tour was led by the head curator and taught students about diverse aspects of art curation from the carpentry of shipping boxes to chemicals used in restoration processes to the horticulture science used in the museum's famous gardens. The second day at the Tulsa Performing Arts Center allowed students a "backstage" perspective of theatrical and musical performances including the science and technology behind lighting and sound. Professional actors taught students about the many strategies and techniques that actors learn to captivate an audience and project their voices without artificial amplification. Another activity taught students about Black history, diversity, and inclusion through a trip to the Tulsa Greenwood Cultural Center. There they learned about topics such as Black Wallstreet and met and listened to renowned poet Quraysh Ali Lansana. Each student received a signed copy of Mr. Lansana's recent book, Opal's Greenwood Oasis Other activities included: A workshop with officer Jesse Gardiola of the Tulsa Police Dept. Volunteering with Meals on Wheels and the Council of Safe Neighborhoods. Trips to institutes of higher education such as Tulsa Tech, the University of Tulsa, and Oklahoma State University. Trips to other museums such as the Tulsa Aquarium, the Air and Space Museum, and the Bob Dylan Museum. During the trip to OSU Stillwater, youth interacted with approximately 24 Cooperative Extension Educators who volunteered their time to conduct a Reality Check activity in which students were exposed to budgeting and the realities of what life really costs as an adult and what different jobs will provide in terms of quality of life. We partnered with the Tulsa Opportunity Project to create an after-school program for youth at East Central Junior High. We created approximately 13 different clubs that were offered by community partners and conducted on a weekly basis during the Spring 2022 semester. To begin to build sustainability we had two community meetings with an advisory board and wrote two additional grants to start after-school clubs for youth.

Publications