Source: TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
POTATO BREEDING AND CULTIVAR DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHWEST
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
SPECIAL GRANT
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1026988
Grant No.
2021-34141-35449
Cumulative Award Amt.
$838,092.66
Proposal No.
2021-06097
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2021
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2023
Grant Year
2022
Program Code
[AN]- Potato Research
Recipient Organization
TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
750 AGRONOMY RD STE 2701
COLLEGE STATION,TX 77843-0001
Performing Department
Horticultural Sciences
Non Technical Summary
The Southwestern Regional Potato Cultivar Development Project was initiated in 1997 by Colorado State University, Texas A&M University, and the University of California at Davis to meet the unique needs of the Southwest potato industry. Crosses and original selections are made in Colorado and Texas, followed by formal regional evaluation trials in all three states. Breeding stocks and advanced selections are openly shared with more than a dozen other states. Promising selections from the project are further evaluated in Western Regional Trials, which include six Western states. Specific goals and objectives are developed and continuously reevaluated based on extensive stakeholder input. Since the inception of the Southwestern Regional Potato Cultivar Development Project in 1997, 66 new cultivars and clonal selections have been released or co-released with other institutions. These potato cultivars represent a substantial and increasing part of the national potato acreage and have significantly contributed to regional and national economies. Several potato cultivars released by the Southwest Program were listed in 2020 among the top 50 grown based on seed acreage in the US. Those developed in the Southwestern Region ranked second among the four regional projects, behind the Northwest and substantially ahead of the North Central and North East Projects, thus validating the productivity of this project.
Animal Health Component
60%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
10%
Applied
60%
Developmental
30%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2021310108160%
2011310108020%
2031310104020%
Knowledge Area
203 - Plant Biological Efficiency and Abiotic Stresses Affecting Plants; 202 - Plant Genetic Resources; 201 - Plant Genome, Genetics, and Genetic Mechanisms;

Subject Of Investigation
1310 - Potato;

Field Of Science
1040 - Molecular biology; 1081 - Breeding; 1080 - Genetics;
Goals / Objectives
The goal of this project is to provide improved cultivars with high yield, quality, and disease/pest resistances that will enable producers (growers and the industry) in the Southwest to remain viable and competitive and supply high quality, healthy and nutritious products to consumersThe overall aim of this project is to develop and evaluate improved potato cultivars that meet the unique production, marketing, environmental, and consumer needs of the Southwest. This will be achieved by addressing the following objectives:1. Develop russet, red, white, chip, and specialty cultivars, as well as line selections where appropriate, for both the fresh and processing markets of the Southwest. These cultivars will complement those developed by breeding programs in other areas of the US.2. Evaluate germplasm and/or advanced selections including entries in the Southwestern, Western Regional, and the National Chip Processing and Fry Processing Trials under diverse environmental, production, and post-harvest conditions for traits important to the potato industry, including yield, quality, marketability, consumer acceptance, culinary quality, and enhanced human health benefits.3. Determine cultural practices for successful sustainable and economic production of advanced clonal selections and newly released cultivars, which optimize their genetic potential while minimizing economic inputs and environmental impact.4. Screen (phenotypically and molecularly) a wide range of germplasm and/or advanced selections for resistance to pests and other characteristics of economic importance to potato production in the Southwest and incorporate these materials into the breeding programs.5. Provide a quality, uniform seed source of advanced selections to growers and other research cooperators to facilitate the assessment of geographic adaptability, commercial feasibility, marketability, and other important characteristics.
Project Methods
Objective 1. Parents with complementary desired characteristics will be hybridized to generate segregating families at Colorado State University and Texas A&M University. The intent of crossing is to generate genetic variation and to introgress desirable genes. Approximately 200,000 seedlings will be grown for initial selection under field conditions in Colorado and Texas in 2021 and 2022. California will focus on advanced generation evaluations and cultivar-specific management of advanced selections. Subsequent years (3+) take place in the field and represent selection phase of the development process. Each year represents another round of field selection. Clones remaining after five or more rounds of field selection are released to growers for evaluations prior to the official release as a named cultivar.SNP Genotyping and Marker-Trait Studies - We will continue to genotype new clone bank introductions, released varieties, and advanced clones with SNP markers. DNA will be sent to Neogen Corporation (Lincoln, NE) for genotyping using the SNP Illumina array (22K V3 Potato Array). DNA fingerprinting will be used to confirm the identity of the materials, to detect duplication or mixes, to estimate genetic relationships, to assist in Plant Variety Protection (PVP) of new varieties. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), a method for detecting marker-trait associations based on the genetic relationships of individuals, is now possible in polyploid crops with the release of software tools like the GWASpoly R package. Likewise, Genomic selection can be applied to leverage historical phenotype data from a breeding program to more accurately predict the genetic value of related individuals.Objective 2. Early and advanced generations of selected clones will be evaluated at a number of locations in Colorado (Center, San Luis Valley), Texas (Springlake, on the Southern High Plains and Dalhart, Northwest tip of the Texas Panhandle region), and California (Bakersfield, South Central Valley, and Tulelake, North on the Oregon border), and ultimately in the uniform Southwestern Regional Trial (SWRT). Entries are evaluated in each state for numerous traits, including chip and fry quality. Clones are entered for evaluation in the SWRT for one to three years. Top entries are then graduated to the Western Regional Trials (WRT) for up to three years, and superior clones are released as new varieties. Seed for both trials is provided by the Colorado program. Colorado, Texas, and California will again participate in the National Chip Processing Trial and the National Fry Processing Trial.Health attribute evaluations will continue. Colorado State University, will collaborate with us to study carotenoids in potato tubers. Currently, potato breeding approaches rely primarily on phenotypic selection, but it is difficult to harness all the favorable agronomic and quality genes for traits such as yield, disease resistance, and color that exist across all market classes using solely phenotypic selection. Marker-assisted selection can enable breeders to deliver better cultivars and do it faster by identifying progeny in the seedling stage that contains the favorable genes for various market classes, reducing the number of seedlings that need to be advanced. In this study, we will identify genes controlling potato carotenoids by phenotyping and genotyping a russet x yellow population. The deliverable will be breeder-friendly genetic markers. The 2-year timeline for this project is to plant true seed in May 2021 and tubers in 2022; genotype summer 2022 and phenotype winter 2022; and develop markers in spring 2023. We plan to start screening yellow-fleshed selections entered in regional trials. Amylose:amylopectin ratio will be evaluated in >200 clones based on samples from Springlake, TX in 2021. This will complement data collected in 2019 and 2020 at Springlake and Dalhart.Heat is a major abiotic stress in several of the major production areas in the Southwest. Heat stress can trigger physiological defects and negatively affect tuber quality. Heat necrosis, growth cracks, sugar build-up, brown center, hollow heart, heat sprouting, etc., will be assessed under field conditions. We will plant >200 clones in Springlake, TX to generate a larger dataset (we have results from Dalhart 2019, 2020, and Springlake 2020). Raman spectroscopy will be used to compare the composition of tubers produced under optimum and high-temperature stress conditions. Another emerging area of interest is the link between heat tolerance and dormancy.Post-harvest assessments on selected clones will include blackspot susceptibility, storage, weight loss, dormancy, enzymatic browning, specific gravity, French fry color and texture, and chip quality.In combination with these trials, field days will be conducted in each state for stakeholders, with all four project leaders in attendance whenever possible (see 'project management' attachment).Objective 3. Specific trials will be conducted in all three states to determine appropriate fertility requirements, spacing (to determine suitable plant population density), herbicide tolerance, seed size, irrigation requirements, maturity assessments, seed preparation (precutting or use of single-drop seed), and vine kill management. Other management practices requiring attention will be identified during researcher and stakeholder evaluation. Procedures involved will include comparing different rates of plant nutrients, precutting vs. whole seed, irrigation application rate, the effect of seed size, vine killing date, and time lag between vine kill and harvest, and different within-row plant spacing and tolerance to pre- and post-emergence application of herbicides to determine the scenario which maximizes yield, quality and is economically and environmentally sound, for a given selection or cultivar.Objective 4. Pests and diseases that will be emphasized primarily in-field screening and identification of superior parental materials include pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica Pethyb.), corky ringspot, early blight, late blight, Verticillium wilt, scab (common and powdery), soft rot, Fusarium dry rot, Rhizoctonia (black) scurf, silver scurf, PVY, PLRV and other viruses, and bacterial ring rot with Colorado and Texas collaborators and several State and USDA-ARS personnel. Verticillium wilt, black dot, and Rhizoctonia susceptibility screening will continue to be conducted in Tulelake, CA. Texas and Colorado are making efforts toward the utilization of molecular tools to support disease resistance breeding in their programs. For virus resistance, we plan to implement MAS for known sources of resistance (PVY, LB, nematodes) and to study the genetic basis of new resistances, particularly PVY.Objective 5. Tubers from the sixth year or earlier years of field selections will be introduced into tissue culture in Texas and Colorado to develop disease-tested micropropagated seed stocks. Colorado and Texas routinely conduct ELISA tests for PVX, PVY, PVS, PVM, PVA, PVLR, and PotLV using ELISA, RT-PCR, and qRT-PCR. Texas will free their advanced selections of viruses prior to verification and field seed increase in Colorado. Disease tested seed stocks will be increased in Colorado for subsequent distribution. Detailed procedures for seed stock handling were included in the Southwestern Regional meeting minutes of January 19, 1998. Efforts towards rapid propagation methods will continue in Texas, looking at in vitro microtuber and greenhouse aeroponic production systems.

Progress 09/01/21 to 08/07/23

Outputs
Target Audience:The long-term process of potato cultivar development involves many target audiences, including potato seed growers, commercial growers, shippers, processors, research, and extension personnel, the food distribution system, and consumers. Target audiences also include the next generation of professionals (undergraduate, graduate students, and postdoctoral research associates) that receive theoretical and practical training from the program. Changes/Problems:There were no major changes/problems or changes to report for this period. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Members of the SW group have attended each other's Field Days. PI's. staff and students have participated in Regional meetings as well as professional meetings. There have been a number of online SCRI Polyploid workshops that PI's and students have also been involved with. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Meetings with grower groups, research/extension advisory committees, and numerous individual stakeholders are held to review research results and seek input into future activities. Project leader(s) participation in national forums such as the Potato Expo provides a major forum for national stakeholder interaction. Additionally, field days/open houses are held in all three states. The primary purpose of these events is to provide growers with a forum to provide feedback regarding potato breeding and cultivar development efforts. It also allows the project leaders to interact with growers and discuss their experiences with advanced selections undergoing commercial evaluation. Both commercial and seed growers very much appreciate these field days. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?New varieties will be protected under PVP (Plant Variety Protection) and released publicly or as exclusive releases, depending on interest. Releases anticipated in 2023-25 include the following experimental clones (tentative names in parenthesis): AC05175-3P/Y (Columbine Gold), CO05068-1RU (Rocky Mountain Russet), and CO05037-3W/Y (Vista Gold) from Colorado, COTX08063-2Ru (Dune Russet), COTX10080-2Ru (Duncan Russet), NDTX059759-3RY/Y Pinto (Harlequin Gold), PORTX03PG25-2R/R (RosaLia), and COTX08365f-3P/P (RegaLia). Currently, there are several advanced selections available for grower evaluation.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? In 2022, the potato breeding programs in Colorado and Texas planted 151,932 seedling tubers (stage known as single hills - SH-) derived from true potato seed (TPS) produced by 937 families (crosses or parental combinations). Seedling tubers were also shared with several other potato regional programs outside the SW. At the single hill level, selections were based mainly on morphological tuber traits (tuber size, shape, skin type, and color) for each market group. About 1,065 potato clones were selected for subsequent field planting, evaluation, and increase. Results of the 2022 SW regional trials were discussed in detail at the virtual SW Regional Group meeting on January 24, 2023 via Zoom meeting. Several selections from the 2022 SW Regional Trial were advanced or continued in the 2023 Western Regional Trials. The Red/Specialty Trial included AC10376-2012-1W/Y, AORTX09037-5W/Y, NDTX081451CB-1Y/Y, and COTX08365f-3P/P; the Russet Trial included AC12090-3RU and CO13003-1RU; and the Chip Trial included AC13126-1Wadg, CO12235-3W, and CO12293-1W. Entries for the 2023 SW Regional Trials were also solicited. The 2023 SW Regional Trials will consist of the following at each site: russet trial (AOTX98202-1Ru, CO14371-3RU, and CO15016-1RUsto), red/specialty trial (CO15084-4R), and the chip trial (AC13125-5W). Complete results (2005-2022) of the SW trials can be obtained from the Texas A&M Potato Breeding website (https://potato.tamu.edu/reports/). The Texas program evaluated over 1,100 clones (all market classes) with grower cooperators at two locations, near Springlake on the Southern High Plains (9 replicated trials) and near Dalhart at the northwest corner of the Panhandle region (11 replicated trials). In addition, advanced selections from the Texas program were evaluated in Florida, Maine, Michigan, Missouri, New Mexico, Colorado, California, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oregon, Idaho, Washington, Wisconsin, and New Brunswick, Canada. The Colorado program conducted trials for all market classes in the San Luis Valley, near the town of Center, and in northern Colorado, near Wray. Additional trials, outside the Southwestern and Western Regional area, with advanced Colorado selections, included Florida, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Missouri, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Wisconsin, as well as Alberta and New Brunswick, Canada. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) were done to understand the genetic basis of tuber traits, and genomic selection (GS) was performed to obtain genomic-estimated breeding values to guide selection and select parents to improve breeding efficiencies. The main QTL for tuber shape was detected on chromosome 10 and explained 5.8% of the phenotypic variance. GWAS analysis of eye depth detected a significant QTL on chromosome 10 and explained 3.9% of the phenotypic variance. Another QTL peak for eye depth on chromosome 5 was located near the CDF1 gene, an important potato maturity regulator. Multiple QTLs were found to govern tuber skin russeting. A major QTL for flesh color on chromosome 3 that explained 26% of the phenotypic variance likely represents the Y locus responsible for yellow flesh in potato tubers. Several QTLs were detected for purple skin color on chromosome 11. In addition, genomic estimated breeding values were obtained using StageWise (Endelman, 2023) to aid in the early identification of superior parental clones that should increase the chances of producing progenies with higher frequencies of the desired tuber traits. In 2022, six advanced selections from the Colorado State University (CSU) potato breeding program were evaluated under potato grower management conditions to determine the yield stability and best management practices suitable for each cultivar to attain its genetic yield and quality potential.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Mora, V., M. Ramasamy, M. B. Damaj, S. Irigoyen, V. Ancona, C. A. Avila, M. I. Vales, F. Ibanez, and K. K. Mandadi. 2022. Identification and characterization of new sources of zebra chip disease resistance among wild Solanum species. Frontiers in Microbiology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.857493.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Pandey, J, D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Koym, and M.I. Vales. 2022.Genomic regions associated with tuber traits in tetraploid potatoes and identification of superior clones for breeding purposes. Frontiers in Plant Science. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.952263.2022.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Toinga-Villafuerte, S., M.I. Vales, J.M. Awika and K.S. Rathore. 2022. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of the granule-bound starch synthase gene in the potato variety Yukon Gold to obtain amylose-free starch in tubers. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 23: 4640 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094640.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Toinga-Villafuerte, S., M.R. Janga, M.I. Vales, and K.S. Rathore. 2022. Green fluorescent protein gene as a tool to examine the efficacy of Agrobacterium delivered CRISPR/Cas9 reagents to generate targeted mutations in the potato genome. Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11240-022-02310-8.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Vales, M.I., D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Koym, D.G. Holm, S.Y.C. Essah, R.G. Wilson, J.K. Sidhu, R.G. Novy, J.L. Whitworth, J.C. Stark, R.R. Spear, V. Sathuvalli, C.C. Shock, BA. Charlton, S. Yilma, NR. Knowles, M.J. Pavek, C.R. Brown, D.A. Navarre, M. Feldman, C.M. Long, and J.C. Miller, Jr. Vanguard Russet: 2022. A fresh market potato cultivar with mediumearly maturity and long dormancy. American Journal of Potato Research. 99: 258267.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Hoopes, G., X., et al. (M.I. Vales). 2022. Phased, chromosome-scale genome assemblies of tetraploid potato reveals a complex genome, transcriptome, and proteome landscape that underpin phenotypic diversity. Molecular Plant 15: 520- 536.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Vales, M.I., J.W. Koym, D.C. Scheuring, J. Pandey, and S. Toinga-Villafurete. 2022. 2022 Field Day Handbook. July 27, 2022. Texas Potato Variety Development Program. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 220p. potato.tamu.edu
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Vales, M.I., J.W. Koym, and D.C. Scheuring. 2022. Texas Potato Breeding Report, 2021. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 314p.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Koym, J.W., D.C. Scheuring, R. Wilson, D. Culp, J. Sidhu, J. DuBose, S. Essah, D.G. Holm, C. Grey, B. Niebaum, and M.I. Vales. 2022. Southwest Regional Potato Variety Trial Report 2021. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 25p. potato.tamu.edu
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Koym, J.W., D.C. Scheuring, and M.I. Vales 2022. Western Regional Red/Specialty Variety Trial Report 2021. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 29p.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Toulabi, S.B., Jablonski, B, Holm, D. G, Carolan, M. S., and Heuberger, A. L. 2022. Grower decision-making factors in adoption of specialty cultivars: A case study of potatoes in the San Luis Valley. PLoS ONE 17(6): e0270636. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270636
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., Niebaum, B., Burton, J. 2022. Western Regional Western Regional Chipping Potato Trial Report 2021. San Luis Valley Research Center, Colorado State University, 18pp. potatoes.colostate.edu
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., and Niebaum, B. 2022. 2021 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and Area III). 122pp. potatoes.tamu.edu
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Holm, D. G., and Gray, C. P. 2022. Nonpareil Russet, Maritime Russet, and Canada Rose: Three new potato cultivars from the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program, released in Canada and the U.S. Am. J. Potato Res. 99:425. (Abstract).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Gray, C. P. and Holm, D. G. 2022. Rocky Mountain Russet, Vista Gold and Columbine Gold: Three new potato cultivars from the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program. Am. J. Potato Res. 99:425. (Abstract).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Essah, S. Y. C. and Holm, D. G. 2022. Early in-season application of potassium nitrate fertilizer improves tuber performance of Colorado Russet potato. Amer J. Potato Res. 99:399-400. (Abstract).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Barka, A. M. H., Essah, S. Y. C., Andales, A. A., Davis J. G., and Holm, D. G. 2022. Response of Colorado potato cultivar Mesa Russet to deficit irrigation and nitrogen application rate. Am. J. Potato Res. 99:397. (Abstract).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Abdelsalam, S. M, Essah, S. Y. C., Holm, D. G., and Davis J. G. 2022. Response of Colorado Russet potato cultivar AC05039-2RU to nitrogen fertilizer application rate. Am.J. Potato Res. 99:397. (Abstract).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Djaman, K., K. Koudahe, H.D. Koubodana, A. Saibou, and SYC Essah. 2022. Tillage practices in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production: A Review. Amer. J. Potato Res. 99:1-12.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Abdelsalam, SM, SYC Essah, DG Holm, and JG Davis. 2022. Response of Colorado potato cultivar Rocky Mountain Russet to nitrogen fertilizer application rate. In Meeting Abstracts: Western Society of Crop Science Annual Meeting, June 21-22, 2022. Fort Collins, Colorado.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: 2021 Potato Variety Development in Tulelake, CA. 2022. 24p. https://ucanr.edu/sites/irecBETA/files/363260.pdf
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Sidhu, J. 2021 Kern County Potato Variety Trial. 2022. Progressive Crop Consultant. p8-13. https://issuu.com/myaglife/docs/pcc_march_april_2022_e?fr=sZTA2ZTQ2MDQ1NzA


Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22

Outputs
Target Audience:The long-term process of potato cultivar development involves many target audiences, including potato seed growers, commercial growers, shippers, processors, research, and extension personnel, the food distribution system, and consumers. Target audiences also ijnclude the next generation of professionals(undergraduate,graduate students, and postdoctoal research associates)that receive theoretical and practical training from the program. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Members of the SW group have attended each others Field Days. PI's. staff and students have participated in Regional meetings as well as professional meetings. There have been a number of online SCRI Polyploid workshops that PI's and students have also been involved with. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Stakeholder Interactions -The Texas Potato Field Day was held on July 28, 2021 near Springlake. The interactive Texas Potato Field Day handbook is available in the reports section at https://potato.tamu.edu/files/2021/09/2021-Field-Day-Handbook-eEdition-Red3-1.pdf Updates on the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program are typically highlighted and discussed at an open house in late November or early December, where growers can view tubers of advanced selections. Shortly after the open house, growers met to discuss their experiences with several advanced selections and to suggest which ones should be considered for naming. This year, postings on our Facebook page and website were used to communicate the status of selections with growers. Results from the Bakersfield trial were presented at the Annual California Potato Research Advisory Board in September 2021. An in-house variety display for the growers and industry cooperators was organized on June 18, 2021, to showcase the varieties evaluated in the trial. In 2021, variety trial result reports were shared with growers in a newsletter (https://cekern.ucanr.edu/newsletters/Kern_Vegetable_Crops_Newsletter90549.pdf). The trial results were also published as a trade journal report in Progressive Crop Consultant (https://progressivecrop.com/magazine-archive/march-april-2022/). The research was also highlighted in a radio report by AgNet West, and JCS/Progressive Crop Consultant. Results from the Tulelake trials were presented at the annual IREC field day sponsored by the University of California. The Verticillium wilt ratings were eliminated for 2021 because of the required irrigation water curtailment tied to drought conditions in the Klamath Basin. In 2021, 59 participants attended the annual Tulelake field day. Tulelake potato variety results were summarized in the 2021 Tulelake potato variety report, which is available for download at https://ucanr.edu/sites/irecBETA/files/363260.pdf What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Along with crossing, selections, and trialing of material, Colorado is considering naming and protecting two russet selections soon (CO05189-3RU and CO08231-1RU). Texas plans to write a manuscript for COTX09022-3RuRE/Y (exclusive release) and PVP for NDTX059759-3RY/Y Pinto. Efforts will continuewith GWAS studies associated with dormancy and mineral content and obtaining breeding values for identifying superior clones to be used as parents. Fingerprinting and MAS will continue for advanced selections moving forward in both the TX and CO Programs.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Southwestern/Western Regional Trials - Southwestern Regional Trials were planted in five locations (Bakersfield, CA, Tulelake, CA, Center, CO, Dalhart, TX, and Springlake, TX) and the Western Regional Trials were planted in ten locations (Ontario, OR, Tulelake, CA, Center, CO, Aberdeen, ID, Kimberly, ID, Parma, ID, Hermiston, OR, Dalhart, TX, Springlake, TX, and Othello, WA). Results of the 2021 trial were discussed in detail at the Southwestern Regional Group meeting on January 27, 2022, via Zoom Meeting. Three selections from the 2021 Southwestern Regional Trial were advanced to the 2022 Western Regional Trial. AC12090-3RU and CO13003-1RU to the Russet Trial, and CO13232-25W to the chip trial. Entries for the 2022 Southwestern Regional Trial were also solicited. Complete results (2005-2021) of the Southwestern trial are found on the Texas potato website (https://potato.tamu.edu/reports/). Associated Trials and Locations - In 2021, there were several additional trials, including state-level trials (all market classes) and national processing trials (chippers and french fries) with multiple test/evaluation sites in the three collaborating states. Evaluations included plant growth, tuber yield, tuber size and grade, internal and external qualities, and disease/pest resistance.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Vales, M.I., J.W. Koym, and D.C. Scheuring. 2021. 2021 Annual Potato Field Day Handbook E-Edition. Texas Potato Variety Development Program. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 226p.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Invited national seminar: Vales, M.I., S. Gautam, J. Pandey, J. Da Silva, K. Mandadi, D. Kurouski, S. Toinga-Villafuerte, A. Jiao, D.C. Scheuring, and J.W. Koym. 2021. Development of climate-change-ready potato varieties to overcome heat stress. Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens. October 21, 2021.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Emragi, E., Holm, D. G., Jayanty, S. S. 2021. The effect of field heat reduction methods on fresh and processing qualities of red and russet potato cultivars. Journal of Food Science and Technology 6:345-355 (online).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hamed, M., Holm, D. G., Bartolo, M., Raigond, P., Sathuvalli, V., and Jayanty, S. S. 2021. The bioaccessibility of phenolics, flavonoids, carotenoids, and capsaicinoid compounds: A comparative study of cooked potato cultivars mixed with roasted pepper varieties. Foods 10:1849. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081849
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Gautam S., N. Solis-Gracia, M.K. Teale, K. Mandadi, J.A. da Silva, and M.I. Vales. Development of an in vitro microtuberization and temporary immersion bioreactor system to evaluate heat stress tolerance in potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Frontiers in Plant Science 12: 700328.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Gautam, S., D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Koym, and M.I. Vales. Search for potatoes sustaining high marketable yield under heat stress. Oral presentation. 105th Potato Association of America (PAA) Annual Meeting. July 26-29th 2021, Virtual conference.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Pandey, J., D. C. Scheuring, J. W. Koym, and M. I. Vales. Detection of genomic signatures of recent selection in advanced potato clones. Oral presentation. 105th Potato Association of America (PAA) Annual Meeting. July 26-29th 2021, Virtual conference.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Vales, M.I., J.W. Koym, and D.C. Scheuring. 2021. 2021 Field Day Handbook. July 28, 2021. Texas Potato Variety Development Program. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 226p.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Jansky, S. H., De Jong, W. S., Douches, D. S., Haynes, K. G., and Holm, D. G. 2021. Cultivar improvement with exotic germplasm: An example from potato. In The Wild Solanums Genomes. Compendium of Plant Genomes, eds. Carputo D., Aversano R., Ercolano M.R. 215-230. Springer, Cham.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Farber, C., L. Sanchez, S. Pant, D. Scheuring and I. Vales, K. Mandadi, and D. Kurouski. Potential of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy for detection of Zebra Chip and Potato Virus Y diseases of Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum). ACS Agricultural Science and Technology 3: 211-221.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Pandey, J., D.C. Scheuring, J.W. Koym, J. Coombs, R.G. Novy, A.L. Thompson, D.G. Holm, D.S. Douches, J.C. Miller Jr., and M.I. Vales. Genetic diversity and population structure of advanced clones selected over forty years by a potato breeding program in the USA. Scientific Reports 11: 8344 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87284-x
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Vales, M.I., J.W. Koym, and D.C. Scheuring. 2021. Texas Potato Breeding Report, 2020. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 165p.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Koym, J.W., D.C. Scheuring, Robert Wilson, Samuel Essah, David Holm, and M.I. Vales. 2021. Southwest Regional Potato Variety Trial Report 2020. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 25p.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Koym, J.W., D.C. Scheuring, and M.I. Vales 2021. Western Regional Red/Specialty Variety Trial Report 2020. Texas A&M AgriLife Research, College Station and Lubbock, TX. 29p.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Invited national seminar: Vales, M.I., S. Gautam, J. Pandey, J. Da Silva, K. Mandadi, D. Kurouski, S. Toinga-Villafuerte, A. Jiao, D.C. Scheuring, and J.W. Koym. Development of climate-change-ready potato varieties to overcome heat stress. Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics and Genomics, University of Georgia, Athens. October 21, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Invited national seminar: Vales, M.I., S. Gautam, J. Pandey, D.C. Scheuring, and J.W. Koym. Heat tolerance in potatoes -Texas A&M Potato Breeding Program- NCCC215 Breeding and Genetic Technical Committee Meeting, Chicago, IL, December 7, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Abdelsalam, S. M., Essah, S. Y. C. and Holm, D. G. 2021. Response of Colorado Russet potato AC05039-2RU to nitrogen fertilizer application rate. In Abstracts. Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America. July 26-28. Virtual.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Barka, A. M. H, Essah, S. Y. C. and Holm, D. G. 2021. Response of Colorado Potato Cultivar Mesa Russet to deficit irrigation and nitrogen application rate. In Abstracts. Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America. July 26-28. Virtual.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Essah, S. Y. C. and Holm, D. G. 2021. Early in-season application of potassium nitrate fertilizer improves tuber performance of Colorado Russet potato. In Abstracts. Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America. July 26-28. Virtual.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Gray, C. P. and Holm, D. G. 2021. Rocky Mountain Russet, Vista Gold and Columbine Gold: Three New Potato Cultivars from the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program. In Abstracts. Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America. July 26-28. Virtual.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Holm, D. G., and Gray, C. P. 2021. Nonpareil Russet, Maritime Russet, and Canada Rose: Three New Potato Cultivars from the Colorado Potato Breeding and Selection Program, Released in Canada and the U.S. In Abstracts. Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America. July 26-28. Virtual.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., Gaudreau, K. 2021. Western Regional Western Regional Chipping Potato Trial Report 2020. San Luis Valley Research Center, Colorado State University, 17pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C. P., Essah, S. Y. C., Jayanty,S. S. and Houser, A. J. Houser. 2021. Rocky Mountain Russet Cultivar Information Sheet. San Luis Valley Research Center, Colorado State University. 2pp.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Holm, D. G., Gray, C., and Niebaum, B. 2021. 2020 Potato Breeding and Selection Research Report to the Colorado Potato Administrative Committees (Area II and Area III). 124pp.