Source: FRESH APPROACH submitted to NRP
COVID RELIEF 2020-70030-33189: TRAUMA-INFORMED VEGGIERX PROGRAM: PRESCRIBING PRODUCE TO IMPROVE HEALTH AND INCREASE FOOD SECURITY
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1026774
Grant No.
2021-70034-34986
Cumulative Award Amt.
$129,018.88
Proposal No.
2021-06439
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Jun 15, 2021
Project End Date
Jun 14, 2023
Grant Year
2021
Program Code
[PRX]- GusCRR produce prescription projects
Recipient Organization
FRESH APPROACH
5060 COMMERCIAL CIR STE C
CONCORD,CA 945208508
Performing Department
FRESH APPROACH
Non Technical Summary
Several studies and community needs assessments show that diet-related health conditions are more prevalent in low-income minority populations. These health disparities among low-income populations can be attributed to food insecurity, a lack of knowledge about how to eat and cook healthy, and unhealthy food behaviors as a response to stress or trauma, among other factors. Higher rates of chronic disease contribute to decreased quality and length of life, increase financial burden on the individual, and well as high healthcare costs. By increasing access to and consumption of healthy food among low-income populations, this project directly addresses the need for preventative solutions that address the root causes of these health disparities. Farmers markets provide an outlet for accessing healthy, local foods, but may not be utilized by low-income minority populations due to lack of awareness, perceptions of high cost, lack of awareness about financial incentive programs, or feeling unwelcome. The increased awareness built by this project around farmers' markets, SNAP use, and financial incentives will show ripple and lasting effects in other regional SNAP communities by enhancing the demand for locally produced food and increasing the number of low-income shoppers at farmers' markets to create sustained impacts after this project ends.This project will work directly with healthcare providers to address root causes of health disparities in their most vulnerable patients. In partnership with the Coastside Clinic in Half Moon Bay (CA) and Gardner Health Services in San Jose (CA),patients who have been screened for food insecurity and diet-related health disorders will be enrolled in this project. The project is administered in a series of 16 weeks and there will be three series, each with 15 participants. Each series will consist ofeight trauma-informed nutrition and cooking group sessions. Participants will receive food prescription vouchers with each visit, redeemable for fruits and vegetables at the nextdoor Half Moon Bay Farmers' Market for Coastside patients, and severalSNAPauthorized farmers markets in San Jose for Gardner patients, as well as other SNAP authorized regional farmers' markets, ensuring maximum accessibility. The vouchers provide increased financial access for low-income patients to implement the healthy behaviors discussed in the series, impacting their food security status and fruit and vegetable consumption. The proposed project will contribute to removing barriers to a healthy diet faced bypatients experiencing chronic or acute food insecurity and empower them with appropriate knowledge and resources. By enhancing access to fruits and vegetables and knowledge about nutrition and cooking, this project aims to increase food security and improve health outcomes among community members from predominantly-lower socioeconomic status.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
70360991010100%
Goals / Objectives
Building upon the original GusNIP pilot that was designed by Fresh Approach together with a team of practitioners from the Ravenswood Family Health Center in East Palo Alto, this project will significantly expand its reach and impact by working with two additional healthcare providers. All the GusNIP parent project's original goals will be enhanced by reaching additional food insecure and at-risk individuals with VeggieRx nutrition education classes and prescription vouchers. Goal 1: Improve knowledge and behaviors around fruit and vegetable consumption among food insecure and at-risk patients.Main objectives include:1.1 45participants recruited in the VeggieRx Program and a total of $57,600 VeggieRx vouchers distributed, supporting food access for their entire family (~ 180people).1.2 75% of the participants report increased consumption of fruits and vegetables of 1 cup/day.1.3 80% of participants increase utilization of accessible local food resources, by reporting an increased number of visits from 1/first visit to at least 2 visits/month.Goal 2: Demonstrate the effectiveness of a trauma-informed nutrition program on individual resilience factors and measures of self-efficacy to make healthy lifestyle choices.Main objectives include:2.1 75% of participants agree or strongly agree that they can control their health, achieve their own health goals, and overcome most challenges.Goal 3: Demonstrate the effectiveness of the prescription program in improving health outcomes and food security levels in food insecure and at-risk adult and pediatric patients.Objectives include:3.1 55% of the pediatric participants show a decrease in their BMI percentile by 0.5 units from pre to post-intervention.3.2 60% of the adult participants show a decrease in their BMI by 0.5 units from pre to post-intervention.3.3 60% of the adult participants that have been diagnosed with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes show a decrease in their HbA1c pre and post-intervention of 0.2% points.3.4 60% of patients with hypertension who will show a decrease in systolic blood pressure of at least 2mmHg.3.520% reduction in the number of program participants reporting high levels of food insecurity by the end of the program.3.670% of program participants who enrolled in the Nutrition Incentive program at farmers' marketsGoal 4: Demonstrate a reduction in hospital visits and associated costs among adult program participants.The main Outcome is the average decrease in ER visits among adult program participants by 25%.?
Project Methods
Recruitment:Program participants will be recruited by staff and providers at Coastside Clinic and Gardner Health Services. Providers will identify patients who have screened positive for food insecurity, and have a diagnosis of a diet-related chronic disease. Flyers and posters will also be provided to the clinic to post publicly so patients may self-refer into the program. The flyer will direct interested patients to call to verify their eligibility and register for the program.Efforts Used:Patients will be recruited to join a cohort. Each cohort will participate in a 16 week program that includes formal classroom instruction in the format of 8 trauma-informed nutrition and cooking classes. Classroom instruction covers topics that include eating healthy on a budget, how to incorporate more fruits and vegetables into a diet, whole grains and healthy fats, cooking tips, and how to eat seasonally and locally. The classes will also address emotional regulation, confidence building, and building positive relationships with food. Staff leading the class are trained in recognizing the signs of trauma, and will facilitate activities that help the group process challenging emotions, form authentic relationships, and improve self-regulation. Classes will also address some of the ways previous trauma impacts an individual's food behaviors and health status, by teaching coping strategies and reframing negative behaviors to remove shame.At the end of each workshop, $40 per person in the participant's household in VeggieRx Vouchers will be provided to purchase fresh produce until the next class in 2 weeks (or sent via mail if class is virtual). Participants will be invited to spend their vouchers atfarmers' markets in Half Moon Bay, San Jose, andthroughout the greater Bay Area, which will be promoted in a brochure provided. Additionally, clinic staff will provide de-identified health data from participants medical records from before and after the intervention to Fresh Approach to use in program evaluation.Data Collection and Evaluation:Data on Program Reach:Class attendance records will be tracked on a spreadsheet using unique IDs for each patient to maintain confidentiality. Participant household size will be recorded as well to determine the amount of vouchers distributed to each attendee each week.Key milestones:At least 45participants (3cohorts) will be recruited to be engaged in the VeggieRx ProgramData on Program Impact:Program impact will be measured by the amount of VeggieRx vouchers distributed and redeemed, changes in pre and post behavioral health assessments, and changes in pre and post health screeningsVeggieRx vouchers distribution and redemption rates are tracked in Salesforce using unique barcodes on each voucher.Pre and post behavioral health assessment surveys will determine food insecurity level, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding vegetable and fruit purchasing and consumption, and number of ER visits.Access to health datawill collect height, weight, and BMI measurements, blood pressure, as well as HbA1c.Key milestones:VeggieRx distribution:A total of $57,600 VeggieRx vouchers will be distributed to participants, supporting food access for their entire family (approximately 180people).Voucher redemption rate 9-months after the final class will be at least 75%Pre and post behaviors surveys:At least 75% of the participants will report an increased consumption of fruits andvegetables of at least 1 cup/day, as measured from the pre and post VeggieRx classes surveys.At least 80% of participants will increase utilization of accessible local food resources, by reporting an increased number of visits from 1/first visit to at least 2 visits/month.At least 75% of participants will report that they learned how to shop on a budget/afford healthy food.At least 80% of participants will report that they learned a lot about why fruits and vegetables are good for them, and how to include more fruits and vegetables in their diet, as measured from the pre and post VeggieRx classes surveys.At the end of the class series, 75% of participants will agree or strongly agree that they can control their own health, achieve their own health goals, and overcome most challenges.At the end of the class series, 80% of participants will agree or strongly agree that nourishing theirbody is a meaningful activity, and that eating nourishing foods brings them comfort.Health data:55% of the pediatric participants show a decrease in their BMI percentile by at least 0.5 unit from pre to post intervention.60% of the adult participants show a decrease in their BMI by at least 0.5 unit from pre to post intervention.60% of the adult participants that have been diagnosed with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes show a decrease in their HbA1c pre and post intervention of 0.2 percentage point.60% of participants with hypertension will decrease their systolic blood pressure by at least 2mmHg from pre to post intervention20% reduction in the number of program participants reporting high levels of food insecurity by the end of the program.70% of program participants will be enrolled in Nutrition Incentive programs at farmers' marketsAverage decrease in ER visits among adult program participants by 25%.Data format will be in various easily readable and accessible forms for future or public use. Raw data from behaviour surveys responses will be collected via Qualtrics (or papers as back-ups) and analyzed in the standard format (.xls). Healthscreening parameters will be collected by the health care partner, de-identified and sent via secure email to Fresh Approach in the standard format (.xls). Data from participants' attendance sheet will also be generated and stored in spreadsheet format .xls. Furthermore, data generated from VeggieRx vouchers distribution and redemption will be tracked and stored in the Fresh Approach's Salesforce cloud system.

Progress 06/15/21 to 06/14/23

Outputs
Target Audience:During the reporting period, the program reached pediatric patients and their families from Coastside Clinic in Half Moon Bay, CA. A Cohort of 19 pediatric patients with a BMI percentile at or above 95% were enrolled in the program. The program was offered in Spanish and served Latinx families. Of the patients, 30% of families were enrolled in CalFresh, 57% received MediCal, and 9.5% received WIC. 80% reported accessing food from a food bank or pantry since the COVID-19 pandemic started. Additionally, the program reached adult patients from Ravenswood Family Health Network with a cohort offered in Spanish and a cohort offered in English, totaling 10 participants. A total of 16 patients provided their consent to participate in the study. Adult patients averaged a BMI of 32.3. Of the patients, 71% received at least one federal benefit including WIC, SSI, SSDI, or MediCal/Medicaid. Finally, 85% reported that they or someone in their household had gotten free groceries from a food pantry, food bank, church, or other place that helps with free food. Changes/Problems:There was a significant disconnect in communication and coordination between Ravenswood and the Fresh Approach project team. While the Adult classes were modestly attended, and participants gained vouchers for participating, it was extremely difficult to obtain consent documentation and medical data. This challenge was exacerbated by rounds of Program Manager turnover in the midst of the window of time between the series closing and data collection. While some resolution and learning was achieved, there was a significant deviation from the timeline and the project was negatively impacted. There were also unexpected outcomes that raised questions about survey interpretation and communication between the series educator and the participant. As stated in the Accomplishments section of this report, there was a 30% improvement in how strongly participants agreed that they can control their health, achieve their own health goals, and overcome most challenges. However, both the baseline and post surveys show nearly 100% disagreement when asked questions including: "39. I have control of my own health (ex. I feel like I can make choices that will improve my health or prevent disease)." "40. I can overcome health related challenges (ex. I feel like I have the knowledge and access to resources to help me improve my health or prevent diseases)." And, "41. Nourishing my body through diet and lifestyle is a meaningful activity." This was despite the fact that 100% of participants increased from never using Veggie Rx Vouchers to get fruits and vegetables, to using VeggieRx Vouchers. Additionally, 67% reported using VeggieRX vouchers 3-10 times, or more than 10 times. This raises the inquiry of how the questions were understood, as well as how participants perceive the relationship between access and consumption to more fruits and vegetables, and control of their health. Similar to findings about feelings participants had about "control over their health" their pre and post surveys regarding food insecurity were inconclusive due to mostly "no" answers in both the pre and post survyes. Despite the fact that in baseline surveys 33% of patients reported receiving CalFresh, EBT, food stamps or SNAP; and 89% reported receiving at least one federal benefit. This followed by 100% participants increasing how often they or their family shopped at a traditional farmers' market, with 89% reporting an increased number of visits from to at least 1-2 visits per month. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Goal 1: Improve knowledge and behaviors around fruit and vegetable consumption among food insecure and at-risk patients. 23 unique patients participated in the VeggieRx Program across the three series. A total of $32,696 VeggieRx vouchers were distributed supporting 99 people through the families/households of patients. An average of 61% of Coastside pediatric series participants reported increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. The class participation resulted in a 100% increase in how often participants or their family shopped at a traditional farmers' market, with 89% reporting 1-2 visits/month or more. Goal 2: Demonstrate the effectiveness of a trauma-informed nutrition program on individual resilience factors and measures of self-efficacy to make healthy lifestyle choices. There was a 30% improvement in how strongly participants agreed that they can control their health, achieve their own health goals, and overcome most challenges. Goal 3: Demonstrate the effectiveness of the prescription program in improving health outcomes and food security levels in food insecure and at-risk adult and pediatric patients. Of Pediatric participants, 40% of VeggieRx participants lost weight and improved their BMI over the course of the program with a 50% improvement in BMI. Of Adult participants, 28% showed a decrease in their BMI by 0.5 units from pre to post-intervention. No patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes were enrolled No patients with hypertension were enrolled Food security proved difficult to measure through surveys implemented in this project, see "problems" section of this report. 100% of participants enrolled in the Nutrition Incentive program at farmers' markets. Goal 4: Demonstrate a reduction in hospital visits and associated costs among adult program participants ER visits were not tracked.

Publications


    Progress 06/15/22 to 06/14/23

    Outputs
    Target Audience:During the reporting period, the program reached pediatric patients and their families from Coastside Clinic in Half Moon Bay, CA. A Cohort of 19pediatric patients with a BMI percentile at or above 95% were enrolled in the program. The program was offered in Spanish and served Latinx families. Of the patients, 30% of families were enrolled in CalFresh, 57% received MediCal, and 9.5% received WIC. 80% reported accessing food from a food bank or pantry since the COVID-19 pandemic started. Additionally, the program reached adult patients from Ravenswood Family Health Network with a cohort offered in Spanish and a cohort offered in English, totaling 10participants. A total of 16 patients provided their consent to participate in the study. Adult patients averaged a BMI of 32.3. Of the patients, 71% received at least one federal benefit including WIC, SSI, SSDI, or MediCal/Medicaid. Finally, 85% reported that they or someone in their household had gotten free groceries from a food pantry, food bank, church, or other place that helps with free food. Changes/Problems:There was a significant disconnect in communication and coordinationbetween Ravenswood and the Fresh Approach project team. While the Adult classes were modestly attended, and participants gained vouchers for participating, it was extremely difficult to obtain consent documentationand medical data. This challenge was exacerbated by rounds of Program Manager turnover in the midst of the window of time between the series closingand data collection. While some resolution and learning was achieved, there was a significant deviationfrom the timeline and the project was negatively impacted. There were also unexpected outcomes that raised questions about surveyinterpretation and communication between the series educator and the participant. As stated in the Accomplishments section of this report, there was a 30% improvement in how strongly participants agreed that they can control their health, achieve their own health goals, and overcome most challenges. However, both the baseline and post surveys show nearly 100% disagreement when asked questions including: "39. I have control of my own health (ex. I feel like I can make choices that will improve my health or prevent disease)." "40. I can overcome health related challenges (ex. I feel like I have the knowledge and access to resources to help me improve my health or prevent diseases)." And, "41. Nourishing my body through diet and lifestyle is a meaningful activity." This was despite the fact that 100% of participants increased from never using Veggie Rx Vouchers to get fruits and vegetables, to using VeggieRx Vouchers. Additionally, 67% reported using VeggieRX vouchers 3-10 times, or more than 10 times. This raises the inquiry of how the questions wereunderstood, as well as how participants perceive the relationship between access and consumption to more fruits and vegetables, and control of their health. Similar to findings about feelings participants hadabout "control over their health" theirpre and post surveys regarding food insecurity were inconclusive due to mostly "no" answers in both the pre and post survyes.Despite the fact that in baseline surveys 33% of patients reported receiving CalFresh, EBT, food stamps or SNAP; and 89% reported receivingat least one federal benefit.This followed by 100% participants increasinghow often they or their family shopped at a traditional farmers' market, with 89% reporting an increased number of visits from to at least 1-2 visits per month. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Goal 1: Improve knowledge and behaviors around fruit and vegetable consumption among food insecure and at-risk patients. 23 unique patients participated in the VeggieRx Program across the three series. A total of $32,696 VeggieRx vouchers were distributed supporting 99 people through the families/households of patients. An average of 61% of Coastside pediatric series participants reported increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. The class participation resulted in a 100% increase in how often participants or their family shopped at a traditional farmers' market, with 89% reporting 1-2 visits/month or more. Goal 2: Demonstrate the effectiveness of a trauma-informed nutrition program on individual resilience factors and measures of self-efficacy to make healthy lifestyle choices. There was a 30% improvement in how strongly participants agreed that they can control their health, achieve their own health goals, and overcome most challenges. Goal 3: Demonstrate the effectiveness of the prescription program in improving health outcomes and food security levels in food insecure and at-risk adult and pediatric patients. Of Pediatric participants, 40% of VeggieRx participants lost weight and improved their BMI over the course of the program with a50% improvement in BMI. Of Adult participants, 28% showed a decrease in their BMI by 0.5 units from pre to post-intervention. No patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes were enrolled No patients with hypertension were enrolled Food security proved difficult to measure through surveys implemented in this project, see "problems" section of this report. 100% of participants enrolled in the Nutrition Incentive program at farmers' markets. Goal 4: Demonstrate a reduction in hospital visits and associated costs among adult program participants ER visits were not tracked.

    Publications


      Progress 06/15/21 to 06/14/22

      Outputs
      Target Audience:During the reporting period, the program reached pedatric patients and their familites from Coastside Clinic in Half Moon Bay, CA. A cohort of 20 pediatric patients with a BMI percentile at or above 95% were enrolled in the program. The program was offered in Spanish, and served Latinx families. 30% of families were enrolled in CalFresh, 67% recieve MediCal, and 9.5% recieve WIC.80% reported accessing food from a food bank or pantry since the COVID-19 pandemic started. Changes/Problems:The primary change to the program was switching which clinic we are working with to provide the adult classes. Our original plan was to work with a Gardner Family Health Networkin San Jose, however they had some internal capacity limitations that prevented the clinic staff from being able to fully support the recruitment and referral process. As a result, we decided to host our adult classes at RavenswoodFamily Health Center in East Palo Alto, as they were a site we were already working with on our GusNIP project, and we have a strong relationship with the providers there and recieve a lot of support from providers and clinic staff. This change does not impact any of our goals or outcomes. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Staff working on the project completed the CITI Human Subjects Research training online course. Staff have also gained access to webinars and resources on how to provide trauma-informed nutrition programming. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the next reporting period, Fresh Approach will complete the nutrition class series that was in progress in the previous period, and will complete the two additional class series, reaching two cohorts of Adult patients at Ravenswood Family Health Center. After the completion of each class series, post-survey data will be collected and analyzed to report on the accomplishments under goals one and two. Additionally, we will work with the clinics to access health metric data for each patient before and after the class series and will analyze changes in the relevant metrics to further assess the impacts of the class and report on accomplishments under goal three. Finally, we will work with the clinics to access the number of ER visits or other hosiptal utilization data among the adult participants in the months following the program, to see if a reduction in unwanted utilization is detected, to report on goal four.

      Impacts
      What was accomplished under these goals? Accomplishments under Goal One: 20 participants were recruited into the program (one out of the three planned cohorts has been recruited thus far), and $2,940 in vouchers have been distributed so far in the first 4 classes of the cohort's 8-class series. There is no post-survey data yet to assess the other objectives under goal 1 Accomplishments Under Goal Two: There is no post-survey data yet to assess theobjectives under goal 2 Accomplishments Under Goal Three: There is no post health metric data yet to asses the objectives under goal 3 Accomplishments Under Goal Four: There is nodata on ER visitsyet to asses the objectives under goal 4

      Publications