Progress 07/01/24 to 06/30/25
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this work is academic and industry scientists, integrators, producers, students, and other stakeholders. Our goal is to deliver science-based outcomes to improve poultry production and management, as well as educational opportunities for undergraduate, graduate students, and post-docs. The methods to reach these groups include dissemination of information through publications, posters, and talks, direct training of students in animal care/husbandry, molecular, and applied scientific techniques, outreach through teaching in poultry courses and presentations Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training graduate students in molecular biology, benchtop assays, direct animal work, microbiome and metatranscriptome analysis, host transcriptome data analysis and compilation, overall data analysis, abstract writing, presentation development, and training of undergraduates by the graduate students. We present the data at conferences, including Poultry Science. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Abstracts Oral Presentations Conferences Peer-reviewed publications What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We have asked for the last year of a no-cost extension in order to present data at conferences and publish the finalmanuscript.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Impact statement: The work being conducted in this grant relates to understanding how pathogens causing the #1 poultry disease, Coccidiosis, gain a foothold and damage the intestinal tract and productivity of broilers. The disease can range from mild to severe and even cause death. One of the ways the pathogen Eimeria causes the disease coccidiosis is by upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. This causes the host immune system to not respond to the Eimeria pathogen and thus the pathogen gains entry to cause myriad issues including downstream necrotic enteritis, which is significant damage to the intestine due to other opportunistic pathogens. This same immune evasion pathway is used by other bacteria and fungi. We are studying this pathway in the context of changes to immunity and the microbiome to further understand how to reduce disease incidence. We have a model of necrotic enteritis which uses wild type Eimeria as well as clostridium perfringens isolated from broiler chickens to repeatably produce necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks. This work has been used to train undergraduate students, graduate students, and post-docs in scientific methods related to immunology, microbiome, metatranscriptome, animal disease work, and the associated data analysis and presentation outcomes. Our aim is to submit a follow-up grant with the information gleaned from this work. Objective 1: 1) Document changes to the immune system during Eimeria spp. infection and C. perfringens sequelae. Objective 2: 2) Identify changes to GI tract lumenal microbiota community structure and function that may contribute to reduced broiler performance and susceptibility to C. perfringens infection. In the no-cost extension year 1, we have completed the metatranscriptome data analysis and published this data along with methods for analyzing this type of data. We have worked on completing the analysis of the thousands of immunohistochemistry slides that were generated from the trial. We were also able to complete an analysis of the host transcriptome. Currently, we are working on compiling this data to present and abstract at the summer 2025 Poultry Science meeting as well as a related publication.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2025
Citation:
M Carroll*, KA Fries-Craft*, Y Cao*, M Monson, S Schmitz-Esser, and EA Bobeck#. 2025. Host immunological responses in Ross 308 broilers fed anti-IL-10 diet during Eimeria maxima and Clostridium perfringens challenge. Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting, Raleigh, NC
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
KA Fries-Craft* and EA Bobeck#. Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis model may have a greater impact than dietary anti-interleukin-10 on broiler chicken systemic immunometabolic responses. Poult Sci. 2024 Apr;103(4):103551. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103551. Epub 2024 Feb 20. PMID: 38417332; PMCID: PMC10909892
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
KA Fries-Craft*, C. Anderson, S Schmitz-Esser, and EA Bobeck#. Sequencing approaches to identify distal jejunum microbial community composition and function in broiler chickens fed anti-interleukin-10 during coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis challenge. Poult Sci. 2024 Sept; 103(9): 104001. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104001
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
KA Fries-Craft*, S Schmitz-Esser, and EA Bobeck#. Broiler chicken distal jejunum microbial communities are more responsive to coccidiosis or necrotic enteritis challenge than dietary anti-interleukin-10 in a model using Salmonella Typhimurium- Eimeria maxima- Clostridium perfringens coinfection. Poult Sci. 2024 Sept; 103(9): 104000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2024.104000
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Progress 07/01/23 to 06/30/24
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this work is academic and industry scientists, integrators, producers, students, veterinarians, nutritionists, and other stakeholders. Our goal is to deliver science-based outcomes to improve poultry production and management as well as inter-disciplinary educational opportunities for undergraduate, graduate students, and post-docs. The methods to reach these groups include dissemination of information through publications, posters, and talks, direct training of students in animal care/husbandry, molecular, and applied scientific techniques, outreach through teaching in poultry courses and presentations. We will employ producer meetings and podcasts as needed to reach a broader audience. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We have continued training graduate students in molecular biology, benchtop assays, direct animal work, microbiome and metatranscriptome analysis, data analysis, abstract writing, presentation development, and training/ mentoring of undergraduates by the graduate students. An excellent outcome of this training process was exposing students to crodd-disciplinary sample and data analytical methods. We continue to participatein two yearly conferences to present this work, including Poultry Science Association as well as the Conference for Workers in Animal Disease. We are continuing to publish in top-tier poultry journals such as Poultry Science to disseminate our work internationally. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We continue toparticipatein two yearly conferences to present this work, including Poultry Science Association as well as theConference for Workers in Animal Disease. We are continuing to publish in top-tier poultry journals such as Poultry Science to disseminate our work internationally. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We are continually working understanding immune and microbiome outcomes. We are finalizing some benchtop molecular immunology assays with a goal of sending the data to be peer-reviewed this year. We will continue to present data at Poultry Science annual meetings.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
In year 3,have focused on sample processing and analysis, and data publication. We have compiled performance outcomes related to all of the live bird trials and performed statistical analysis. A major focusof the past year was 1- graduating the student majorly responsible for the live animal trials, publishing her dissertation, and 2- focusing on the microbiome portion of the work. This is reflected in the number and type of publications that have been produced in the past year. We additionally were able to describe methods for microbiome analysis, metatranscriptome analysis, and disease model implementation on top of project objectives. This exceeded our expectations for this USDA project and was a very positive outcome of the work.As reflected in the products section, we published several articles that are crucial to understanding poultry microbiome methods for data analysis as well as disease model impact. We continue working on immune outcomes from the collected samples (thousands) which include immunohistochemistry as well as PCR and ELISA work. We will continue on the molecular biology benchtop work in order to integrate results with the performance and microbiome outcomes based on the model used. We are now working on preliminary outcomes but many are linked to both immune and microbiome.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
KA Fries-Craft and EA Bobeck. Early Salmonella Typhimurium inoculation may obscure anti-interleukin-10 protective effects on broiler performance during coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis challenge. Poult Sci. 2024 Jan;103(1):103187. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103187. Epub 2023 Oct 18. PMID: 37980755; PMCID: PMC10665935.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
KA Fries-Craft and EA Bobeck. Coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis model may have a greater impact than dietary anti-interleukin-10 on broiler chicken systemic immunometabolic responses. Poult Sci. 2024 Apr;103(4):103551. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103551. Epub 2024 Feb 20. PMID: 38417332; PMCID: PMC10909892.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
KA Fries-Craft, D Graham, BM Hargis, and EA Bobeck. 2023. Evaluating a Salmonella Typhimurium, Eimeria maxima, and Clostridium perfringens coinfection necrotic enteritis model in broiler chickens: repeatability, dosing, and immune outcomes. Poult Sci. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103018
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
KA Fries-Craft, S Schmitz-Esser, and EA Bobeck. 2024. Anti-IL-10 effects on broiler performance recovery following coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis challenge. Presented at Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL., January 2024.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
KA Fries-Craft, S Schmitz-Esser, and EA Bobeck. 2024. Anti-IL-10 does not affect broiler systemic IL-10 concentrations in models with or without Salmonella Typhimurium. Presented at Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL., January 2024.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
KA Fries-Craft, C Anderson, S Schmitz-Esser, and EA Bobeck. 2023. Dietary anti-interleukin-10 may alter the relative abundance of anti-inflammatory genera in the broiler jejunum at early post-inoculation timepoints during coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis challenge. Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting. Philadelphia, PA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
KA Fries-Craft, C Anderson, S Schmitz-Esser, and EA Bobeck. 2023. Broiler jejunal microbial communities were variably impacted by dietary anti-IL-10 during challenge with a Salmonella Typhimurium- Eimeria maxima- Clostridium perfringens co-infection model. Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting. Philadelphia, PA.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Krysten Fries-Craft. 2023. Implementing physiological, subclinical, and clinical disease challenge models to evaluate feed ingredient mechanisms of action on immunity and the intestinal microbiota in the broiler chicken. https://doi.org/10.31274/td-20240617-354
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Progress 07/01/22 to 06/30/23
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this work is academic and industry scientists, integrators, producers, students, and other stakeholders. Our goal is to deliver science-based outcomes to improve poultry production and management as well as educational opportunities for undergraduate, graduate students and post-docs. The methods to reach these groups include dissemination of information through publications, posters, and talks, direct training of students in animal care/husbandry, molecular, and applied scientific techniques, outreach through teaching in poultry courses and presentations. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Training graduate students in molecular biology, benchtop assays, direct animal work, microbiome and metatranscriptome analysis, data analysis, abstract writing, presentation development, and training of undergraduates by the graduate students. We have participated in two yearly conferences to present this work, including Poultry Science Association as well as the Conference for Workers in Animal Disease. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? We have presented initial outcomes at 2 separate scientific meetings, including Poultry Science Association as well as the Conference for Workers in Animal Disease. These presentations have been abstracts and oral presentations. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? We are continually working on the sample analysis for the immune outcomes alongside the metatranscriptome as well as microbiome. Our goal is to have most of the work wrapped up by Q1 2024 and will begin preparing additional presentations and manuscripts as we go.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Impact statement: The work being conducted in this grant relates to understanding how pathogens causing the #1 poultry disease, Coccidiosis, gain foothold and damage the intestinal tract and productivity of broilers. The disease can range from mild to severe and even cause death. One of the ways the pathogen Eimeria causes the disease coccidiosis is by upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. This causes the host immune system to not respond to the Eimeria pathogen and thus the pathogen gains entry to cause myriad issues including downstream necrotic enteritis, which is significant damage to the intestine due to other opportunistic pathogens. This same immune evasion pathway is used by other bacteria and fungi. We are studying this pathway in the context of changes to immunity and the microbiome to further understand how to reduce disease incidence. We have a model of necrotic enteritis which uses wild type Eimeria as well as clostridium perfringens isolated from broiler chickens to repeatably produce necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks. This work has been used to train undergraduate students, graduate students, and post-docs in scientific methods related to immunology, microbiome, metatranscriptome, animal disease work, and the associated data analysis and presentation outcomes. Our aim is to submit a follow-up grant with the information gleaned from this work. Objective 1: 1) Document changes to the immune system during Eimeria spp. infection and C. perfringens sequelae. Objective 2: 2) Identify changes to GI tract lumenal microbiota community structure and function that may contribute to reduced broiler performance and susceptibility to C. perfringens infection. We have completed all animal trials associated with the work in year 1, and therefore in year 2, have focused on sample processing and analysis. We have compiled performance outcomes related to all of the live bird trials and performed statistical analysis. We have sent in all microbiome and metatranscriptome samples and are currently compiling results for the microbiome portion of the work. We have utilized several databases to perform this aspect of the project and are now working on a de novo database analysis. We are also working on immune outcomes from the collected samples (thousands) which include immunohistochemistry as well as PCR and ELISA work. We will continue on the molecular biology benchtop work in order to integrate results with the performance and microbiome outcomes based on the model used. We are working on preliminary outcomes but many are linked to both immune and microbiome- because we are still working on both subsets of samples, we have been presenting small pieces at annual national and international meetings. We have presented initial outcomes at 2 separate scientific meetings, including Poultry Science Association as well as the Conference for Workers in Animal Disease.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Dietary anti-interleukin-10 may alter the relative abundance of anti-inflammatory genera in the broiler jejunum at early post-inoculation timepoints during coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis challenge. K. Fries-Craft, C. Anderson, S. Schmitz-Esser, E.A. Bobeck. Submitted to Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting July 2022
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Broiler jejunal microbial communities were variably impacted by dietary anti-IL-10 during challenge with a Salmonella Typhimurium- Eimeria maxima- Clostridium perfringens co-infection model. K. Fries-Craft, C. Anderson, S. Schmitz-Esser, E.A. Bobeck. Submitted to Poultry Science Association Annual Meeting July 2022
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Dietary anti-IL-10 impacts on enteric disease outcomes in chickens without early Salmonella exposure. K. Fries-Craft, C. Anderson, S. Schmitz-Esser, E.A. Bobeck. Presented at CRWAD January 2023 annual meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Performance and immunometabolic responses to assess dietary anti-IL-10 on enteric disease outcomes in chickens. K. Fries-Craft, C. Anderson, S. Schmitz-Esser, E.A. Bobeck. Presented at CRWAD January 2023 annual meeting
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Progress 07/01/21 to 06/30/22
Outputs
Target Audience:Our target for the first year of work on this grant is primarily the scientific community. We have completed 2animal studies under the project outline using different challenge strengths and will be working on analyzing the samples in the upcoming year. We are currently in the middle of the 3rd and last live animal study related to the grant. Because we are in the data collection stage, we have not yet completed a significant amount of analyses on the samples. Therefore, we have not disseminated outcomes from work yet to the public at large; we have only discussed some outcomes with other scientists in the field with relevant expertise. Bobeck did present a poster and abstract at the December 2021 PDmeeting detailing what the project would entail. Mechanistically connecting the immune system and microbiome to beneficial effects of anti-IL-10 antibody during coccidiosis in broilers. EA Bobeck, KF Fries-Craft, and S Schmitz-Esser Abstract presented at poster session at 2021 Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During this trial, we have trained 5 undergraduates in sample collection and analysis, poultry husbandry, and general labwork. We have also trained an additional 3 graduate students in study design, statistics, running animal trials, feed mixing, oversight of undergraduate students, mentoring, and overall methods related to sample processing and analysis. We will use results from this work to submit abstracts for future conferences, including posters and oral presentation. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Because we are in a data production and collection phase, we have not yet disseminated results. We have discussed preliminary outcomes with colleagues within respective fields, but we have not yet officially presented or published results. PD Bobeck did present a poster at the December 2021 Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease detailing the project goals, but no results were presented as data was in the process of being collected. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the next reporting period, we will have preliminary results from sample analyses that will be conducted in the upcoming year. Because animal trials will be finished, the next year will be primarily dedicated to sample analyses and statistical analyses.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
In year 1, we have completed 2 live animal trials using different challenge strengths to elucidate the relative contribution of the microbiome and the immune system to modulating the outcomes of coccidiosis and necrotic enteritis during IL-10 therapy. We are currently in the middle of running the last replicate trial as of June 1, 2022. We have generated thousands of samples for microbiome and immune analysis and have run real-time metabolic analyses on sample dates. When this trial is completed, we will begin working on sample analysis and statistics for each trial.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Mechanistically connecting the immune system and microbiome to beneficial effects of anti-IL-10 antibody during coccidiosis in broilers
EA Bobeck, KA Fries-Craft, and S Schmitz-Esser
Abstract presented at poster session at 2021 Conference for Research Workers in Animal Disease
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