Progress 04/01/23 to 03/31/24
Outputs
Target Audience:The research findings of this project were dissiminated toanimal scientists, small ruminant producers, veterinarians, and agricultural administrative personnel, through participating scientific conferences, our school's small farmer conference and goat field day, news letters, and seminars. Changes/Problems:Due to the unfunctional fume hood problem in our laboratory building, the solvent-extraction of plant materials delayed and the progress of this project has been hindered. If the fume hood would not be fixed in the near futhur, we'll find an alternative way to complete all the proposed studies. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During this period, two undergraduate students were involved in the animal study,laboratory analysis, and results presentation in a conference. These students gained first-hand knowledge in every aspectof conducting scientific investigation under the supervision of the PI and the visiting research scientist. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The findings of this research were disseminated to the audiance in the ARD conference, small ruminant producers and related personnel during our annual goat field day and small farm producer conference, also disseminated to school faculties and students in our departmental seminars. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Since the exhausting fume hood in our laboratory building broken-down in the last 2 years, the solvent-extraction of the plant materials was not done. Therefore, during the next reporting period, we'll: 1) complete the extractions of the herbal materials; 2) evaluate in vitro efficacy of a variety of plant extracts on anti-coccidial oocyst sporulation and oocyst viability; and 3) determine the anti-coccidial efficacy of the most potential herb extracts in goats.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Oneanimalstudywasconducted in this report period. Thestudy was planned initially to use medicinal plants to treat parasites of both proatozoan andhelminths in the same animals.However, only the helminthic parasiteswere focused on because very few goats that infected with coccidian (protozoan) parasites werefound at the LU farm. Based on our preliminary laboratory observations, piperine, a bioactive compound from black pepper, showed a potent anthelmintic property. Therefore, the anthelmintic efficacy of black pepper in goats naturally infected with parasitic nematodes, mainly Haemonchus contortus, was evaluated.12 adult Spanish goats with 500 - 3000 FEC were randomly assigned to 2 groups, 1 group of the goats were fed with 50 grams of black pepper powder (BPP) daily, and another were as control (no treatment). After the goats were fed for10 days with the BPP, their live body weights, parameters of blood chemistry, and fecal egg counts did not change statistically. But the rate of hatchment of worm eggs decreased 86% in the treated group compared to the 2% decrease in the control group. More than 80% of the hatched larvae were identified as H. contortus. Among the major nematode parasites in small ruminants, the blood feeder H. contortus is the most pathogenic. The infection of H. contortus causes anemia and even death of host animals. The importance of the finding in this study is that a potent alternative antheminticis emerging. The black pepper is very promising to be developed as an effective anthelmintic product(s). This potential product(s) will act directly on the infecting parasites by disrupting (blocking) their metabolism in certain stage of their life cycle. The outcome of this project will lead to an effective strategy for parasite control in grazing ruminants in the USA and worldwide.
Publications
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Progress 04/01/22 to 03/31/23
Outputs
Target Audience:The significance and findings of this project were dissiminated to the audience, including animal scientists, small ruminant producers, veterinarians, and agricultural administrative personnel, through our school's goat field day, news letters, and seminars. Changes/Problems:Due to the failures of fume/exhaust hoods in our laboratory since last year, any organic solvents (such as ethanol, methanol, acetone) cannot be used in the laboratory. Consequently, the medicinal herbs that we bought and ground cannot be extracted. Hopefully, the system will be fixed soon. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has provided an excellent opportunity to the Visiting Scientist who hasn't been trained well in laboratory procesures and analyses. Since coming to the Langston University, this individual has been performing a serial in vitro tests of anthelmintic property of a few compounds under supervision of the PI. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The research results and findings were disseminated to small ruminant producers and related personnel during our annual goat field day andsmall farmproducer conference,alsodisseminated to school faculties and students in our departmental seminars. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?During the next reporting period, we'll: 1)complete the extractions of the herbal materials; 2)evaluate in vitro efficacy of a variety of plant extracts on anti-coccidial oocyst sporulation and oocyst viability; and 3)determine the anti-coccidial efficacy of the most potential herb extracts in goats.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
A visiting scientist from Nigeria joined this project last August. The herbal materials have been ground but not extracted because of the whole system of the fume hoods in our laboratory broke down since last year.The raw herbal materials have been used to test their effects on the immune response of goats that they are naturally infected with internal parasites.This experimentis still ongoing.
Publications
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Progress 04/01/21 to 03/31/22
Outputs
Target Audience:The research ofthis project wasdissiminated to the audience, including animal scientists, smallruminant producers, veterinarians,and agricultural administrative personnel, through our school's goat field day and news letters. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The primary investigatorattended the Immunology 2022 conference at Portland, participatedmany presentations and activities of the symposium,also interacted with many researchers for research ideas exchanging. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The research objectives and potential significances were disseminated to small ruminant producers andrelated personnel during our annual goat field day and small farmers conference. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The following studies will be performed during the next reporting period: 1. to evaluatein vitro efficacy of a variety of plant extractson anti-coccidial oocyst sporulationand oocyst viability; 2.to evaluate effects of compounds purified from herbs on host immunity to coccidial parasites; 3.to determine the anti-coccidial efficacy of the most potentialherb extracts in goats;
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Experimental procedures and materials were prepared and ready to start experiments. A visiting scientist recruiting is nearly completed.
Publications
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