Progress 01/15/21 to 01/14/24
Outputs
Target Audience:The key stakeholders were hemp growers, industry agronomists, crop consultants, diagnostic labs, researchers. and other stakeholders. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We have trained one MS student, Laine Hackenberg who is leading the research and one undergraduate student, Max Schmidtbauer, who assists the graduate student. Both students have been trained in hemp tissue RNA extraction, insect assays and virome analysis. The MS student, Laine will defend her thesis in February and the undergraduate student has joined the lab for his PhD working on NIFA-OREI funded project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In Colorado, there has been a dedicated Research/Extension effort to identify arthropod pest and pathogen management needs associated with hemp production and to engage growers since 2015. This involvement has steadily expanded each year and in 2018 included growers in 10 Colorado counties. All information developed regarding hemp insects has been posted for use on the Hemp Insect Website at Colorado State University. This has included a series of illustrated fact sheets, frequently updated, to describe all resident arthropods that are associated with hemp. We used three main channels by which this information was disseminated: 1) Hemp Insect Website, 2) in-person meetings, and 3) publications. The Hemp Insect Website serves as a centralized repository for all extension and outreach materials (posters, factsheets publications etc.) and to receive feedback from stakeholders. The website is hosted at the CSU Hemp Resource Center website (http://hemp.agsci.colostate.edu/). We published an Extension factsheet- Beet leafhopper and beet curly top virus. 2020. Contributed data on field testing of samples, sequencing of BCTV strains and vector information. Factsheet by Whitney Cranshaw.https://webdoc.agsci.colostate.edu/hempinsects/PDFs/Curly%20Top%20Beet%20Leafhopper%202020.pdf We developed a narrated PowerPoint presentations for YouTube distribution, involving key information about this virus. A second means of distributing information was through presentations at field days, pest management professionals meeting, CSU Agricultural Extension Service (AES) meetings. Researchers will present project findings at professional meetings and the National Hemp Research & Education conference. Lastly, information was communicated via extension and scientific publications. The national research and extension community was reached through presentations at national and international conferences. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. identifying the diversity and distribution of viruses and viroids of hemp using next generation sequencing (NGS) Completed tissue collection from at 3 different timepoints- early vegetative, advanced vegetative, mature flowering from Northeastern and Western locations. Completed hemp metavirome analysis from the abovementioned locations. Asthe growing season progressed, virus incidence and diversity increased. Interestingly, it can be observed that viruses with known seed transmission such as cannabis cryptic and cannabis sativa mitovirus are present from the beginning of the growing season, while viruses that can be vectored by insects such as alfalfa mosaic virus and beet curly top virus appear later in the season. Each region has its own unique virome, but the most prevalent viruses detected across all regions were beet curly top virus, cannabis sativa mitovirus and grapevine line pattern virus, all being detected in 3 out of the 4 regions. 2. identify host resistance to viruses and viroids in elite hemp germplasm Completed screening 13 hemp genotypes for beet curly top virus (BCTV), the most predominant virus identified in hemp and identified three resistant lines.To determine if hemp lines exhibit resistance to BCTV, a screening was performed utilizing 13 genetically unique lines of hemp. There was a statistically significant difference in viral load (log copy number) between lines resulting from a one-way ANOVA (F=2.228; df=12; P=0.0207). Percent disease index (PDI) was also evaluated, PDI was calculated by the following formula PDI = (d/n)x100% where d is equal to the number of BCTV infected plants per line and n is equal to the total number of plants per line. Differences between individual lines' PDI were evaluated by comparing the proportion of infected and uninfected plants from an individual line, to the total number of infected and uninfected plants from the other lines. There were two lines that stood out by having a statistically significantly lower PDIs, line 4587 (p-value 0.04617) and line 4710 (p-value = 0.04617) utilizing Pearson's Chi-Squared test. Additionally, there was a strong correlation observed between average log copy number per line and PDI utilizing a Spearman's rank correlation rho (S=88.419, P=0.00273, rho=0.7570896). 3. develop outreach and education materials that can be disseminated to hemp growers, industry agronomists, crop consultants, diagnostic labs, researchers, and other stakeholders. Outreach and education were fully integrated into our project at each step of development and execution of the objectives. Diverse and numerous multimedia and presentation strategies were used to reach our most diverse stakeholders. We targeted hemp producers, as well as crop advisors, crop consultants, extension personnel and hemp industry personnel (seed, genetics) with a variety of digital and traditional media. We used three main channels by which this information was disseminated: 1) Hemp Insect Website, 2) in-person meetings, and 3) publications. The Hemp Insect Website serves as a centralized repository for all extension and outreach materials (posters, factsheets publications etc.) and to receive feedback from stakeholders. The website is hosted at the CSU Hemp Resource Center website (http://hemp.agsci.colostate.edu/). We published an Extension factsheet- Beet leafhopper and beet curly top virus. 2020. Contributed data on field testing of samples, sequencing of BCTV strains and vector information. Factsheet by Whitney Cranshaw. https://webdoc.agsci.colostate.edu/hempinsects/PDFs/Curly%20Top%20Beet%20Leafhopper%202020.pdf. We developed a narrated PowerPoint presentationfor YouTube distribution, involving key information about this virus. A second means of distributing information was through presentations at field days, pest management professionals meeting, CSU Agricultural Extension Service (AES) meetings. Researchers will present project findings at professional meetings and the National Hemp Research & Education conference. Lastly, information was communicated via extension and scientific publications. The national research and extension community was reached through presentations at national and international conferences.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
A multiplex RT-PCR for the detection of three viruses and one viroid infecting hemp. Derrick J. Grunwald, Jacob MacWilliams, Laine Hackenberg, Sydney Stroschein, Renee Rioux, Punya Nachappa, and Shelby Ellison. Phytofrontiers.
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Progress 01/15/22 to 01/14/23
Outputs
Target Audience:Hemp growers, industry agronomists, crop consultants, diagnostic labs, researchers and other stakeholders. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We have trained one MS student, Laine Hackenberg who is leading the research and one undergraduate student, Max Schmidtbauer, who assists the graduate student. Both students have been trained in hemp tissue RNA extraction, insect assays and virome analysis. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? The Green Screen: Using Top Viruses and Viroids Identified in the Hemp Virome to Screen Hemp Germplasm for Resistance. Laine Hackenberg, Marylee L. Kapuscinski, Mark Stenglein and Punya Nachappa.Joint ESA meeting in Vancouver (Nov 2022). Invited speaker at Hemp/cannabis pest management at the Joint ESA meeting in Vancouver (Nov 2022). Invited speaker at the Science of Hemp Conference at UKY (Nov 2022) Presented and local arrangements organizer of Western Hemp IPM working group meeting, Fort Collins (Nov 2022) Invited speaker at 2022 Gangwon Green Bio International Symposium at Seoul, South Korea (Sept 2022) Invited speaker at the Institute of Cannabis Research webinar (Apr 2022) Invited speaker at 10th International IPM Symposium (Mar 2022) 2022 Wild wild west: Emerging viruses and viroids of hemp. Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Colorado State University, Spring Seminar Series. 2022 Wild wild west: Emerging viruses and viroids of hemp. Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Spring Seminar Series. 2022 Emerging viruses and viroids of hemp.Pest Management in the Inter Mountain West Meeting. November 18, Fort Collins, CO What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the next reporting period, we expect to: Spring 2022- Extract RNA and perform sequencing for hemp virome analysis from Northeastern and Western locations Spring 2022- Perform bioinformatic analysis of virome data Summer 2022- Sample collection from Southeast and Southwest locations Fall 2022- Extract RNA and perform sequencing for hemp virome analysis from Southeast and Southwest locations Summer/Fall 2022- Continue screening for virus resistance in F2 hemp genotypes Publish research findings on the Hemp Disease website
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. Identifying the diversity and distribution of viruses and viroids of hemp using next generation sequencing (NGS) Completed tissue collection from at 3 different timepoints- early vegetative, advanced vegetative, mature flowering from Northeastern and Western locations. Completed insect collection from hemp fields but identification is not complete. 2. Identify host resistance to viruses and viroids in elite hemp germplasm Completed screening 30 hemp genotypes for beet curly top virus, the most predominant virus identified in hemp. 3. Develop outreach and education materials that can be disseminated to hemp growers, industry agronomists, crop consultants, diagnostic labs, researchers and other stakeholders. Research findings have been disseminated to various stakeholders at different venues including Departmental seminars at Kansas State University and University of Wyoming and at the Pest Management in the Intermountain West Meeting. Lastly, I organized a symposium on titled Key Pest and Disease Threats in Industrial Hemp in Cannabis Research Conference. Hosted by the Institute of Cannabis Research at Colorado State University Pueblo, in partnership with The Hemp Innovation Center of Oregon State University
Publications
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Jordan Withycombe, Max Schmidtbauer, Jacob MacWilliams and Punya Nachappa. CHAPTER 05-03.1: Beet curly top virus (BCTV). In Compendium of Cannabis Diseases. Edited by N. W. Gauthier and L. D. Thiessen
Laine Hackenberg, Jacob MacWilliams, and Punya Nachappa. CHAPTER 05-06.1: Hop latent viroid (HLVd). In Compendium of Cannabis Diseases. Edited by N. W. Gauthier and L. D. Thiessen
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Progress 01/15/21 to 01/14/22
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience aregrowers, industry agronomists, crop consultants, diagnosticians and researchers in academia.growers, industry agronomists, crop consultants, diagnosticians and researchers in academia. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We have trained one MS student, Laine Hackenberg who is leading the research and one undergraduate student, Max Schmidtbauer, who assists the graduate student. Both students have been trained in hemp tissue RNA extraction, insect assays and virome analysis. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?2021 Punya Nachappa, Key Pests and Diseases of Colorado. Pest Management in the Intermountain West Meeting, Virtual meeting. 2021 Punya Nachappa, Wild wild west: Emerging viruses and viroids of hemp. Department of Entomology Spring Seminar Series, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. 2021 Punya Nachappa, Wild wild west: Emerging viruses and viroids of hemp. Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology CVID Seminar Series, Colorado State University 2020 Punya Nachappa, Wild wild west: Emerging viruses and viroids of hemp. Department of Plant Sciences Fall Seminar Series, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY. Punya Nachappa (Chair), Adrianna Szczepaniec and Ana Cristina Fulladolsa co-organized a symposium titled Key Pest and Disease Threats in Industrial Hemp in Cannabis Research Conference. Hosted by the Institute of Cannabis Research at Colorado State University Pueblo, in partnership with The Hemp Innovation Center of Oregon State University, on August 3-5th, via the virtual conference platform, Morressier. The symposium featured 11 research presentations. Fulladolsa, A.C. 2021. Colorado hemp seed certification program. Annual WERA1007 Virtual Meeting. Fulladolsa, A.C. 2022. Nanopore sequencing for pathogen detection in specialty crops (included an example of virome work in hemp). 2022 CO Fruit and Vegetable Growers Association Annual Meeting. Denver, CO Reynoso, M., Joshi, J., and Fulladolsa, A.C. 2022. Fusarium diseases of industrial hemp. CSU Extension Factsheet. (in preparation) What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the next reporting period, we except to- Spring 2022- Extract RNA and perform sequencing for hemp virome analysis from Northeastern and Western locations Spring 2022- Perform bioinformatic analysis of virome data Summer 2022- Sample collection from Southeast and Southwest locations Fall 2022- Extract RNA and perform sequencing for hemp virome analysis from Southeast and Southwest locations Summer/Fall 2022- Continue screening for virus resistance in F2 hemp genotypes Publish research findings on the Hemp Disease website
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. identifying the diversity and distribution of viruses and viroids of hemp using next generation sequencing (NGS) Completed tissue collection from at 3 different timepoints- early vegetative, advanced vegetative, mature flowering from Northeastern and Western locations. Completed insect collection from hemp fields but identification is not complete. 2. identify host resistance to viruses and viroids in elite hemp germplasm Completed screening 30 hemp genotypes for beet curly top virus, the most predominant virus identified in hemp. 3. develop outreach and education materials that can be disseminated to hemp growers, industry agronomists, crop consultants, diagnostic labs, researchers and other stakeholders. Research findings have been disseminated to various stakeholders at different venues including Departmental seminars at Kansas State University and University of Wyoming and at the Pest Management in the Intermountain West Meeting. Lastly, I organized a symposium on titled Key Pest and Disease Threats in Industrial Hemp in Cannabis Research Conference. Hosted by the Institute of Cannabis Research at Colorado State University Pueblo, in partnership with The Hemp Innovation Center of Oregon State University
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Chiginsky J, Langemeier K, MacWilliams J, Albrecht T, Cranshaw W, Fulladolsa AC,
Kapuscinski M, Stenglein M and Nachappa P (2021) First Insights Into
the Virus and Viroid Communities in Hemp (Cannabis sativa). Front. Agron. 3:778433. doi: 10.3389/fagro.2021.778433
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