Progress 01/15/23 to 01/14/24
Outputs
Target Audience:Professional turfgrass and property managers, including lawn care operators, and parks and recreation managers. The larger turfgrass and landscape industry is also a key stakeholder group, including industry suppliers, agrochemical distributors, consultants, industry advocates, and professional associations. Changes/Problems:The entomology research technician working on the project at Auburn resigned from her position and was replaced. This technician provides support for the project but is not paid from the project. A graduate student at MSU was dismissed from the program and has been replaced, which has delayed Objective 1 results regarding trapping methodology and Objective 3 results regarding stakeholder preference. Objective 2 (understanding effects of grass species and cultural practices on forb establishment) assumed that many native forbs would be viable when seed established. Native forbs, such as spring beauty (Claytonia virginica) and lawn aster (Symphyotrichum divaricatum) are favored amongst stakeholders, but little is known regarding seed viability. MSU hired a PhD student to work on improving seed germination of these two forbs. This will affect stakeholder adoption (Objective 3) by improving options for forb inclusion. We anticipate applying for a no cost extension beyond the fourth year of the project in order to complete objectives and graduate students. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Auburn's program hired a new research technician during this reporting period and onboarded two new undergraduate research assistants. All three were trained to take data and do basic field identifications of flower-visiting insects. At MSU, three additional graduate students and two undergraduate students participated in field and lab research related to the project. At UGA, an additional graduate student and four undergraduate students participated in field and lab research. Graduate students have attended professional meetings in-person and online. Each has completed University training for their positions and have approximately half of required coursework completed. All graduate students have completed proposals and have held committee meetings. Stakeholder training has been focused on plant material selection and management, as well as the importance of pollinator habitat inclusion within the built environment. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?We originally intended for homeowners to be the key stakeholders adopting our management practices, but it has become increasingly apparent that turfgrass and landscape professionals are the key drivers of the technology being developed. Results have been disseminated in-person at trade conferences: Deep South Turfgrass Expo in Biloxi, Mississippi; the Southern Regional Sports Turf conference and Trade Show in Myrtle Beach, SC; the East Tennessee Nursery and Landscape Association in Knoxville, TN; and the Southeastern Turfgrass Conference in Athens, GA. The graduate students working on the project (across all three institutions) co-published a popular press article outlining progress toward the separate objectives so far. Refuge Lawn ideas have been shared with homeowners and non-professional stakeholders in person via Master Gardener Trainings in Georgia, as well as via the county-agent delivered state-wide Extension program Sustainable Home Lawn Management in Mississippi. The MSU PI contributed to a Southern Gardening article on clover inclusion within lawns and authored several popular press articles that were syndicated throughout the United States. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?For Objective 1, we will collaborate with the other PI and graduate students to collect bloom periodicity data on forbs. Forbs will be surveyed for floral visiting insects and reported in the next period. Writing of manuscript regarding insect trapping is a high priority in 2024. For Objective 2, Auburn investigators will finish preliminary analysis to determine if more data collection is needed in 2024 for the pollinator network study associating native and non-native forbs with various pollinating insects. If the current data collected is sufficient, then full analysis and write up will start. If the current data is insufficient, then a final year of data collection will be needed. For Objective 3, we will initiate investigations of stakeholder preference for alternative lawn mixtures of turfgrass and flowering forbs. Demonstration plots of alternative species will be established. Results and progress will be shared via the website (refugelawn.com), professional and practitioner presentations, and industry publications. We intend to write a review article regarding the concepts that Refuge Lawn incorporates.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Accomplishments thus far regarding each objective: PIs and three graduate students met in-person in spring 2023 and held quarterly web-conferences with all PIs and graduate investigators. An advisory team was consulted periodically. Objective 1) Gauging the effect of landscapes on pollinators requires identification of insect richness and abundance, but studies that evaluate trapping and netting methodology over established turfgrass habitat are scant. MSU graduate students finished identification of insects trapped during the evaluation of trapping methodology. A manuscript is being prepared for submission regarding the effectiveness of two sampling methodologies, netting and pan traps. Methods were compared over Cynodon dactylon mixed with Trifolium repens. The total abundance, taxa abundance, and the link between insect taxa and method were examined. Netting was found to be more effective at catching pollinators. However, Halictus and Melissodes spp. were more abundant in pan traps with significant difference in abundance. Combined, the methodologies are more efficient in estimating pollinator abundance and richness. Ongoing research by MSU and AU graduate students seek to understand the effects of common forbs on insect visitors. Variables being studied include native vs. non-native status, as well as period of bloom. An MSU graduate student is in the final year of insect trapping over common forb species. Specimens have been identified, and her Master's project will principally focus on native/non-native insects visiting within spontaneous (not cultivated) biodiverse turf-forb scenarios. The Auburn team continued insect collection and observation at the Auburn field site. Data from 2022 was evaluated in 2023. Observation and specimen collection continued throughout 2023. Specimen identification and preliminary analysis has begun to determine if collection needs to continue in the 2024 growing season. Objectives 2) Studies have been conducted at UGA and MSU to evaluate various forb species for seeded and vegetative establishment. UGA Co-PI and graduate student examined response of forbs with respect to mowing height tolerance. White clover, Virginia buttonweed, and common lespedeza were transplanted into bare soil in early summer of 2023 in order to evaluate the second year of their response to mowing height and competitiveness in response to turfgrass species and fertility treatments. Trials were conducted over a four-month period. Lateral spread, floral production, above-ground biomass, and below-ground biomass data were collected. Biomass samples from the second year of this research are currently being processed. Construction continued on water-table depth gradient tanks for research evaluating the response of native weed species to a full moisture gradient ranging from inundation to acute drought. Six tanks have been constructed in the greenhouse at the Athens Turfgrass Research and Education Center in Athens, GA and will be filled with soil that is currently being sterilized for use. An MSU student has evaluated the potential for seeded establishment of a narrow range of forb species and has spent a considerable amount of time working on conditions necessary for germination. Spring beauty (Claytonia virginica) and lawn aster (Symphyotrichum divaricatum) are favored for the purposes of bloom period (often occurring when many other species have yet to bloom), aesthetics, and for their cosmopolitan occurrence throughout the southeastern US. But their germination and viability from seed has been problematic. The MSU student's PhD project will focus on increased seed viability of these two species. Objective 3) Initial discussions and preparation for walking interview surveys to determine homeowner preference for pollinator habitat are underway. An IRB is currently being written for approval in order to conduct the previously mentioned survey. A smaller geo-referenced study is also being formulated that will accompany the survey to further determine the feasibility of incorporating native forbs into home lawns to contribute as pollinator habitat. The project and results were presented to more than 500 stakeholder clientele at tradeshows and conferences and have been published in the Mississippi Turfgrass Magazine and syndicated by other trade-journals.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Wang, J., G.M. Henry, D.W. Held, and J.D. McCurdy. Fertility Affects the Competition between Warm-Season Grasses and Weeds Used as Floral Resources. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. of Am. Annual Meeting, St. Louis, MO, October 30, 2023.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Henry, G.M., K.A. Tucker, and J.D. McCurdy. 2023. Response of Common Wildflower Species to Postemergence Herbicides. HortScience. 58(6):660-665. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI17099-23
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Minaev, N., J.D. McCurdy, E. deCastro. Investigating the Effects of Preemergence Herbicides on Spring Beauty (Claytonia virginica) Growth in Flowering Turfgrass Lawns. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. of Am. Annual Meeting, St. Louis, MO, October 30, 2023. 3rd Place Poster in C-5 Student Competition.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Scott, S.R., J.G. Hill, D.W. Held, G.M. Henry, I.G.P. Souza, and J.D. McCurdy, Determining the value of common turfgrass forbs as a pollinator resource. Mississippi Association of Entomologists, Nematologists, and Plant Pathologists Annual Meeting, Starkville, MS, October 29, 2023. 1st Place Poster in Student Competition.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Wang, C. J., E.G. Begitschke, A.A. Young, K.A. Tucker, G.M. Henry, D.W. Held, and J.D. McCurdy. Fertility impacts common lawn weed utility as a pollinator floral resource in managed ecosystems. Ecological Society of America, Portland, OR, August 9, 2023.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Wang, C., E. Begitschke, A.A. Young, K.A. Tucker, G.M. Henry, J.D. McCurdy, and D. Held. 2023. Effect of mowing height on common lawn weeds as a floral resource. Southern Weed Science Society, Baton Rouge, LA, January 25, 2023.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Wang, C., E. Begitschke, A.A. Young, K.A. Tucker, G.M. Henry, J.D. McCurdy, and D. Held. 2023. Fertility impacts the competitive response of common lawn weeds with bermudagrass. Southern Weed Science Society, Baton Rouge, LA, January 25, 2023.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
ONeal, C., J. Wang, N. Minaev. 2023. Ecologically beneficial turf: a changing landscape. Alabama Turf Times Summer 2023: 18-24. *NIFA support was recognized.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
McCurdy, J.D. Future-Proofing the Lawn Care Industry. Mississippi Turfgrass Magazine (Spring 2023).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Henry, G.M. 2023. Reducing Turfgrass Inputs. Southern Regional Sports Turf Conference and Trade Show. November 15, 2023. Myrtle Beach, SC. (15 minutes of this presentation dedicated to work from our grant)
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
McCurdy, J.D. Designing and Maintaining Turfgrass Landscapes for Reduced Pesticide Inputs. Southwest Turfgrass Association Recreational Landscape Conference and Expo, Albuquerque, NM, November 8, 2023.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
McCurdy, J.D. Linking diversified lawn care and sod productionis there a market? Deep South Turf Expo, Biloxi, MS, October 19, 2023.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Wang, C. and G. Henry. 2023. Effect of Mowing on Native Weeds as Pollinator Habitat. Southeastern Turfgrass Conference. October 25, 2023. Athens, GA.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
McCurdy, J.D. Future-proofing the American lawn. Southeastern Turfgrass Conference, Athens, GA, October 25, 2023.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Held, D. 2023. BugFest, Crosby Arboretum, Picayune MS. Daylong outreach event with displays and presentation on Refuge Lawn with persons interested in native plants and their use for diversifying home lawns. October 14, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Henry, G.M. 2023. Lawn Weeds: Live With or Without Them? East Tennessee Nursery and Landscape Association Lunch and Learn . July 11, 2023. Knoxville, TN. (15 minutes of this presentation dedicated to work from our grant
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Henry, G.M. 2023. Residential Turfgrass Management. Master Gardener Program. Mar. 15, 2022. Athens, GA.
|
Progress 01/15/22 to 01/14/23
Outputs
Target Audience:Professional turfgrass and property managers, including lawn care operators, and parks and recreation directors, managers, and staff. School-aged youth and city leaders through presentations to community groups and at schools. The larger turfgrass and landscape industry is also a key stakeholder group, including industry suppliers, agrochemical distributors, consultants, industry advocates, and professional associations. Changes/Problems:An MSU PhD student will be taking a job as an instructor but will be continuing studies regarding stakeholder preference for mixed lawn species. A second MSU graduate student will begin assessing principles and practices for maintenance and propagation of common native forbs in southeastern lawns. The initial candidate list of forbs has been reduced from approximately a dozen down to roughly half that. This has been due to availability of naturally occurring trial sites and because of difficulties propagating. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?At AU, a PhD graduate student continues to train in core entomology curriculum. At UGA and MSU, PhD graduate students are training in agronomy curriculum studying basic turfgrass management and landscape ecology. UGA and AU graduate student and co-PI attended the Fourth National Conference on Protecting Pollinators in Urban Landscapes at the University of Georgia in Athens, GA. At MSU, three additional graduate students and three undergraduate students participated in field and lab research related to the project. At UGA, an additional graduate student and four undergraduate students participated in field and lab research. At AU, 1 undergraduate student was involved in the project. Graduate students have attended professional meetings in-person and online. Each has completed University training for their positions and are close to finishing typical coursework. UGA and AU students held proposal meetings in 2022. The MSU PhD student held a proposal update in December 2022. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated in-person at the Deep South Turfgrass Expo, Sports Field Management Association, Turfgrass Research Field Days (at AU and MSU), ASA/CSSA/SSA, International Turfgrass Research Society, and Entomological Society Association meetings. Results of literature review and proposed methods have been published online (refugelawn.com and social media). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?For Objective 1, AU will continue management of experimental sites while continuing to collect bloom phenology and pollinator visitation data. After the 2023 season, there should be enough data to develop and analyze the pollinator networks associated each of the 7 selected forbs. In 2023, we will conduct an experiment to examine differences between our planted research sites and pollinator visitation on sites where these plants are endemic. MSU graduate student will prepare trapping methodology paper for submission. For Objective 2, we will collaborate with the other PI and graduate students to determine the effects of various cultural practices on pollinator visits. An MSU PhD student will study propagation methods and effects of common herbicides on forb reproduction/regeneration. Populations of two interesting forb species (Spring Beauty and Lawn Aster) will be collected and mapped throughout the region. At UGA, a second run of the mowing height and fertility field trials will be conducted during summer 2023. Construction of water-table depth gradient tanks will continue. A total of six tanks will be constructed and research will be initiated to determine the response of native weeds to soil moisture. For Objective 3, we will initiate investigations of stakeholder preference for alternative lawn mixtures of turfgrass and flowering forbs. IRB approval will be drafted separately for submission at UGA and MSU. Demonstration plots of alternative species will be established at MSU. Results and progress will be shared via the website (refugelawn.com), professional and practitioner presentations, and industry publications.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
PIs met in-person in spring 2022 and held quarterly web-conferences with all PIs and graduate investigators. Accomplishments thus far regarding each objective: Objective 1) In Alabama, three research sites (2 public parks and one university research center) were established in collaboration with local parks and recreation staff and directors. Each site was planted with 7 flowering forb species. Collaborators allowed placement of signage at each location to allow visitors to engage with the on-going research. The research team maintained the plots, and the collaborating parks and recreation staff maintained the surrounding areas. Weekly to bi-weekly pollinator samples and phenology data for each flowering forb at each site were taken. An investigation of pollinator trapping/identification methodology was undertaken at MSU and UGA. AU scientists assisted in identification of collected specimens. Periodicity of bloom, as well as pollinator visits, were recorded on native and natural forbs at MSU. UGA graduate student and co-PI examined response of forbs with respect to mowing height tolerance. Objective 2) Preliminary studies have been conducted at all institutions to evaluate various forb species for seeded and vegetative establishment. Propagation methods have been investigated at MSU including seed collection procedure for five species. Effects of turfgrass species on lateral spread, floral production, and biomass of common turfgrass forbs were investigated at UGA. Construction of a linear water gradient table began at UGA. Objective 3) Advisory board members were involved in drafting promotional materials (yard signs) for display/demonstration of participating Refuge Lawn sites. A website (refugelawn.com) is maintained to curate findings. Preliminary results have been disseminated to key stakeholder groups.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
De Souza, I.G.P, J.D. McCurdy, D.W. Held, G.M. Henry, J.G. Hill, C. ONeal, and J. Wang. Sampling Methodologies for Pollinators in Turfgrass-Forb Habitat. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. of Am. Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, November 8, 2022. Student Competition.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
De Souza, I.G.P., J.D. McCurdy, D.W. Held, G.M. Henry, and J.G. Hill. Pollinator Friendly Lawns in Mississippi. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. of Am. Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, November 8, 2022. Student Competition.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
McCurdy, J.D. and J.S. McElroy. Weed Control Philosophies. Deep South Turf Expo, Biloxi, MS, October 27, 2022.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Wang, C.J. 2022. Utilizing native turfgrass weed species as pollinator habitat. Sports Field Management. September 2022:28-32.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
McCurdy, J.D. and I.P. deSouza. Future Lawn. MSU Turfgrass Field Day, September 22, 2022.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
ONeal, C.J. 2022. Refuge Lawn Project. Alabama Turfgrass Association field day. 13 April 2022. About 100 attendees. NIIFA support acknowledged.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
ONeal, C.J. 2022. Refuge Lawn Project. Auburn Rotary Club Meeting, Auburn AL October 2022. About 20 adults learners and community leaders.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
ONeal, C.J. 2022. Admiral Moorer Middle School, Eufaula AL Half day Insect biodiversity and conservation camp. Students from the entire sixth grade class (about 125 students) and teachers. October 20 2022
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Wang, J., G.M. Henry, D.W. Held, and J.D. McCurdy. Influence of Mowing Height on Flowering and Growth of Common Lawn Weeds. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. of Am. Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD, November 8, 2022. Student Competition.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Peres de Souza, I.G., E.B. de Castro, G.M. Henry, D.W. Held, J.G. Hill, and J.D. McCurdy. Evaluation of Sampling Methodologies for Flower Visiting Insect Specimens in TurfgrassForb Habitat. International Turfgrass Society Research Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 10-15, 2022.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Peres de Souza, I.G., C.J. Wang, E.B., de Castro, G.M. Henry, D.W. Held, J.G. Hill, and J.D. McCurdy. Enhancing Pollinator Forage in Turfgrass with Native Weed Species in the Southeastern United States. South. Weed Sci. Soc. Austin, TX, January 26, 2022. Student Competition.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
ONeal. C.J. 2022. Refuge lawn project: Assessing flowering forbs to improve the function of urban green spaces for pollinators. National Turfgrass Entomology Workshop. April 25-28, 2022 Phoenix AZ. NIIFA support acknowledged.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
ONeal, C.J. 2022. Refuge lawn project: Assessing flowering forbs to improve the function of urban green spaces for pollinators (Invited platform presentation speaker). Annual Meeting of Entomology Society of America, Symposium: Pollinators and the Public: Conservation, Extension, and Civilization, 16 Nov 2022. NIIFA support acknowledged.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
McCurdy, J.D. Lawn Care Operator Training. Association of Turf and Ornamental Managers, Bartlett, TN, November 15, 2022.
|
Progress 01/15/21 to 01/14/22
Outputs
Target Audience:Professional turfgrass and property managers, including lawn care operators, and parks and recreation managers. The larger turfgrass and landscape industry is also a key stakeholder group, including industry suppliers, agrochemical distributors, consultants, industry advocates, and professional associations. Changes/Problems:COVID impacted recruitment and onboarding of graduate students at all institutions. These were manifest as diminished number of applicants and delays in hiring - due mainly to entry visas, testing protocols, and compounded delays elsewhere at previous locations of study/work. Logistics for equipment and material have been delayed but mostly overcome. Despite these problems, there are no major changes to report. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?At AU, a PhD graduate student was hired and began training in Core Entomology curriculum. At UGA and MSU, PhD graduate students were hired and began training in Agronomy curriculum studying basic turfgrass management and landscape ecology. The students and staff members completed the Responsible Conduct in Research training for this project. At MSU, three additional graduate students and two undergraduate students participated in field and lab research related to the project. At UGA, an additional graduate student and three undergraduate students participated in field and lab research. Graduate students have attended professional meetings in-person and online. Each has completed University training for their positions and have completed 1 semester of required coursework. The MSU student has formally submitted a proposal and held a committee proposal meeting. UGA and AU students are nearing completion of proposals and will hold committee meetings in early 2022. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated in-person at the Deep South Turfgrass Expo in Biloxi, Mississippi (November 2021). Results of literature review and proposed methods have been published in the Mississippi Turfgrass Magazine and online (refugelawn.com). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?For Objective 1, we will collaborate with the other PI and graduate students to collect bloom periodicity data on forbs. Research plots will be established according to the plan developed in Year 1. Forbs will be surveyed for floral visiting insects and reported in the next period. For Objective 2, we will collaborate with the other PI and graduate students to determine the effects of various cultural practices on pollinator visits. AU will assist with identifications and sampling as needed for all PI universities. UGA investigators will investigate establishment of forbs within warm-season turfgrass stands and will continue to grow plants in the greenhouse in order to transplant them into the field in spring. These transplants will be utilized in several projects aimed at examining their competitive nature with several warm-season grasses along with their ability to adapt to mowing frequency and height typical of home lawns. For Objective 3, we will initiate investigations of stakeholder preference for alternative lawn mixtures of turfgrass and flowering forbs. Demonstration plots of alternative species will be established. Results and progress will be shared via the website (refugelawn.com), professional and practitioner presentations, and industry publications.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Accomplishments thus far regarding each objective: Objective 1) PIs met in-person in spring 2021 and held monthly web-conferences with all PIs and graduate investigators. An advisory team was assembled and was convened online in fall 2021. UGA and MSU graduate students introduced the project at the 2021 Crop Science Society meeting in Salt Lake City. UGA, Auburn, and MSU graduate students attended and introduced the project at the Entomological Society Association meeting in November at Denver. Internal protocols were developed, and candidate research sites were identified at all participating universities. Objectives 1 & 2) An investigation of pollinator trapping/identification methodology was undertaken at MSU and UGA. Auburn scientists are assisting in identification of collected specimens. These results will be presented at various professional society meetings in 2022 and will prepared for publication (est. winter 2022-23). UGA PI and graduate student examined response of forbs with respect to mowing height tolerance. Research was presented at the 2021 Crop Science Society meeting in Salt Lake City. Objective 2) Preliminary studies have been conducted at UGA and MSU to evaluate various forb species for seeded and vegetative establishment. Objective 3) A website (refugelawn.com) was created and 7 blogs were prepared and disseminated. The project and preliminary results were presented at the Deep South Turfgrass Expo in Biloxi, Mississippi in November of 2021 and have been published in the Mississippi Turfgrass Magazine.
Publications
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Peres de Souza, I.G., E.D., de Castro, D.W. Held, J.G. Hill, and J.D. McCurdy. Evaluation of Flowering Forbs to Enhance Pollinator Resources in Turfgrass of the Southeastern United States. Crop Sci. Soc. Am., Salt Lake City, UT, November 8,2021
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Wang, C.J., K. Tucker, and G.M. Henry. 2021. Evaluation of Alternative Plant Species for Low Input Turfgrass. Crop Sci. Soc. Am., Salt Lake City, UT, November 8,2021
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Souza I.G.P., C.J. Wang, E.B. Castro, G.M. Henry, D.W. Held, J.G. Hill, and J.D. McCurdy. Refuge Lawn: A Partnership for Pollinator-Friendly Lawns in the Southeastern United States. Ent. Soc. Am., Denver, CO, November 3,2021
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
DeCastro, E.B., and J.D. McCurdy. Industry Leaders Partner with Refuge Lawn to Help Guide Research and Extension Outreach. Mississippi Turfgrass Magazine. Winter 2022
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
McCurdy, J.D., and I.P. de Souza. Partnership for Pollinator Friendly Lawns. Turfgrass News, Turfgrass Producers International Magazine. September/October 2021
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
McCurdy, J.D., and I.P. de Souza. Partnership for Pollinator Friendly Lawns. Mississippi Turfgrass Magazine. Summer 2021
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
McCurdy, J.D. Native and Natural Roughs for Southeastern Golf Courses. Mississippi Turfgrass Magazine. Spring 2021
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
McCurdy, J.D., and D. Held. Ecologically Beneficial Turf A Changing Landscape. Deep South Turf Expo, Biloxi, MS November 4,2021
|
|