Progress 07/01/21 to 12/31/24
Outputs
Target Audience:1. PD shared results with and solicited technical and scientific feedback at: "Ethical Analysis in One Health and Emergency Zoonotic Disease Preparedness: A US Perspective," 8th Global One Health Congress, Cape Town, South Africa, 20-23 September, 2024. "US Public Attitudes on Farm Animal Welfare During a Disease Outbreak and Pandemic Preparedness," Back to the future: Sustainable innovations for ethical food production and consumption, 2024 Congress of the European Society for Agriculture and Food Ethics (EurSafe), Ede, The Netherlands, September 11-14, 2024. "WellAnimal - Promoting Farm Animal Welfare and Preparing for the Next Novel Pandemic: Applying Values- Aware Research and Better Science-Ethics Communication to Animal Agriculture and the New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) - Annual Report," 2024 USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)/AFRI Project Directors Meeting A1261, July 10-11, 2024. The target audience comprised of scientists, veterinarians, bioethicists, public health officials, policy-makersand members of the laypulic. 2. The project website published theproject outputs and is accessible athttps://www.uaa.alaska.edu/research/well-animal-project/index.cshtml Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The PD mentoreda number of undergraduate students (project personnel) to help them improvetheir ethical literacy at the intersection ofbioethical analysis, agricultural ethics, public healthand normative valuation of animal disease management preparedness. During the analysis process, the PD improved his understandingof and competence in quantitative and qualitative research methods (including how toregress variables) and a variety of statistical models (as part of empirical ethics proficiency). The PD participated in national,international andinterdisciplinary conferences on food and agricultural ethics, One Health, veterinary ethics, zoonotic disease and pandemic preparedness. The PD worked with a statistician who has also broadened his knowledge of values-aware research and normative frameworks. This NIFAaward has deepened the PD'sexpertise in theanimal disease management space and bolsteredgreater interdisciplinary collaborationbetween the PD and different disciplinary experts (e.g., project panelists)and stakesholders at the intersection of food-agriculture-public health-veterinary medicine-disaster management ethics. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?As per the Wellanimal project, research products focused on understanding the normative impacts of novel pandemics on animals and US agriculture. They identifiedgaps in the literature and pandemic preparedness communication, and strategies to bridge communication deficits and enhance engagement opportunities between the public and relevant parties working in the animal disaster management space. The results of the Wellanimal project havebeen disseminated to communities of interest through peer-reviewed publications, professional networks, professional conferences, academic meetings, andpublic forums (including project website). Upon approval from NIFA, thisfinal report will be publically available through the project website as indicated as part of the project deliverables. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The three stated project objectives were successfully met. Phase One of the Wellanimal project involved focus groups with disciplinary experts to help generate a quantitative survey tool that was deployed nationally in Phase Two to explore the attitudes of the US on animal welfare during a novel disease outbreak. Results from the representative sample revealed someimportant value-laden aspects of animal disaster management that should be address in fututepandemic preparedness policies, such as through theAmerican Pandemic Preparedness Plan and the National One Health Framework to Address Zoonotic Diseases and Advance Public Health Preparedness in the United States. Based on the results, future plans andeducation materials should highlight (Phase Three): a. How and when animals will be killed to control zoonotic diseases;b. How vaccines are made; c.The decision-making process, including trade-offs made, when vaccines are prophylactically deployed versus other methods to contain an outbreak, such as stamping it out through depopulation, and d.Concrete steps taken to minimize negative impacts on animals. The significance of ethics in public health preparedness in agriculture and other human-animal domains will be further investigated in a strenghtening seed grant (NIFAALKW-2023-10957) connected to the Wellanimal project. At the time of this final report, the PD is working on two on-going peer-reviewed publications. The first publication analyzes the normative dimensions of trust and sources of information during a novel pandemic, and the second publication explores animal disaster maanagement decision-making within One Health as a case study for instructional purposes. Links to or citations for thesepublications will be shared through the Wellanimal project and NIFA websites.
Publications
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2025
Citation:
Anthony, R. and Cerqueira, P.H.R. 2025. US public attitudes on animal welfare during a disease outbreak: Strengthening animal disaster management, pandemic preparedness, and the sustainability of US agriculture. Agriculture,15, 454. https:// doi.org/10.3390/agriculture15050454.
- Type:
Peer Reviewed Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Millar, K. and Anthony, R. 2024. Examining moral stress and moral distress through the lens of non-human animal clinicians: Understanding challenges in animal healthcare systems-Peer Commentary, The American Journal of Bioethics, 24:12, 68-70, https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2024.2416168.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Ethical Analysis in One Health and Emergency Zoonotic Disease Preparedness: A US Perspective, 8th Global One Health Congress, Cape Town, South Africa, 20-23 September, 2024
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Progress 07/01/23 to 06/30/24
Outputs
Target Audience:1. PDshared results with and solicited technical and scientific feedback at: " Animal Disaster Management Decision-Making: Applying an Animal Welfare Science-Ethics Guided framework within One Health," 4th FSVO/UFAW Symposium - Humanely ending the lives of animals, Bern, Switzerland, 6-7 March 2024. "Developing an Ethical Framework for Zoonotic Disease Emergency Management: Supporting U.S. Agriculture Resilience and Enabling a One Health Strategy," Research & Creative Activities Opportunity Fair, University of Alaska Anchorage, October 13, 2023. "Emerging stronger from COVID: A Thematic Analysis of US Veterinarians' Perspectives on Pandemic Preparedness, Animal Welfare and Ethics," Veterinary Ethic Conference, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria, 27-29 September 2023. "WellAnimal - Promoting Farm Animal Welfare and Preparing for the Next Novel Pandemic: Applying Values- Aware Research and Better Science-Ethics Communication to Animal Agriculture and the New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) - Annual Report," 2023 USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)/AFRI Project Directors Meeting A1261, May 20, 2023. 2. The project websiteadministered a representativeonline survey through Qualtrics in Fall 2023 (https://www.uaa.alaska.edu/research/wellanimal-project/index.cshtml). The project site also contains links to recent outputs. 3. In April 2024, PD shared project updates with members of the American Veterinary Medical Association's Panel on Depopulation, on which the PD serves. 4. PD is scheduled to present project findings at the following international conferences: European Society for Agricultural and Food Ethics Congress, 11-14 September 2024 World One Health Congress, South Africa, 20-23 September 2024 5. PD is scheduled to presentfindings at the annualA1261 PD Meeting on July 10, 2024. Changes/Problems:No major changes. Fortunately, lots of data was generated from the national survey. This has augmented the analysis timeframe. NCE request wasapproved until December 2024 to complete project objectives. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?During the analysis process, the PD has improved his understanding of statistical models. He has participated in/will participate in international cum interdisciplinary conferences on food and agricultural ethics, One Health, veterinary ethics, zoonotic disease and pandemic preparedness. The PD has been working with a statistician who has also broadened his knowledge and content bases in values-aware research and normative frameworks. The opportunities provided by this NIFA seed award for interdisciplinary work at the intersection of food-agriculture-public health-veterinary medicine-disaster management has allowed the PD to deepen his expertise and engagement with different stakeholders, while enhancing fruitful and impactful collaborations. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Two co-authoredarticles will form the basis of scheduled presentations (July and September 2024), and will focus on results associated with Objectives 2 and 3. The articles/presentations will highlight citizen perspectives, political affiliation and regional differencesregarding COVID-19 and future pandemic preparedness and the sustainability of US agriculture: Paper 1: Attitudes about sources of trust and information Paper 2: Attitudes towards future disease pandemic policies What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Complete analysis and publish co-authored articles and disseminate results to targeted audiences at scheduled international conferences and meetings.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Currently, results fromthe national survey are being analyzed and will form the basis of co-authored publications and presentations (Objs. 2 and 3). The national survey sought responses from a representative sample (US citizens) regarding their: a. Experiences during the COVID-19 disease pandemic b. Beliefs and attitudes regarding both human-animal interactions and conflicts during the COVID-19 disease pandemic c. Views on the role of government policies to protect agricultural workers, livestock and poultry during an emerging infectious disease, and d. Attitudes about sources of trust and information Publications and scholarlypresentations to a variety of audiences and stakeholders have also occured. Please see "Products."
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Anthony, R., Miller, D.S., Hoenig, D.E., Millar, K.M., Goodwin, J., Dean, W.R., Grimm, H., Meijboom, F.L.M., Murphy, J., Persico Murphy, E., Scott, H.M., and De Paula Vieira, A. 2024. Incorporate Ethics into US Public Health Plans. Science 383,1066-1067. DOI:10.1126/science.adn7640.
*Due to the format, acknowledgments are not allowed. PD inquired and submitted NIFA acknowledgement pre-publication.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Animal Disaster Management Decision-Making: Applying an Animal Welfare Science-Ethics Guided framework within One Health, 4th FSVO/UFAW Symposium - Humanely ending the lives of animals, Bern, Switzerland, 6-7 March 2024
https://www.ufaw.org.uk/downloads/programme---abstract-bookletfinal.pdf
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Emerging stronger from COVID: A Thematic Analysis of US Veterinarians Perspectives on Pandemic Preparedness, Animal Welfare and Ethics, Veterinary Ethic Conference, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria, 27-29 September 2023.
https://www.vetmeduni.ac.at/fileadmin/v/veterinaryethics2023/Proceedings_Booklet_Veterinary_Ethics_Conference_2023.pdf
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Progress 07/01/22 to 06/30/23
Outputs
Target Audience:1. PI shared results with and solicited technical and scientific feedback at: "More-Than-Human-Solidarity: Expert Panel Results from the Wellanimal Project," One Health Symposium: Zoonotic Pathogens in Alaska, University of Alaska Anchorage, 28 October, 2022. "Advancing Farm Animal Welfare and Preparing for the Next Novel Pandemic: A Preliminary Analysis," 2022 Congress of the European Society for Agriculture and Food Ethics (EurSafe) - Transforming Food Systems: Ethics, Innovation and Responsibility, Edinburgh, September 7-10, 2022. "What Ethical Dilemmas Emerge from Contested Veterinary Expertise?" Constructing and Contesting Veterinary Expertise: Professionals, Publics and Prospects - Online Conference, University of Nottingham, The British Academy and The Wellcome Trust, July 5-7, 2022. 2. The project website will be used to administer the online survey in Fall 2023 (https://www.uaa.alaska.edu/research/well-animal-project/index.cshtml) in concert with the Qualtrics panel. 3. In summer 2023, the project was described to the American Veterinary Medical Association's Panel on Depopulation, on which the PD serves.? Changes/Problems:A NCE was granted (until June 2024) to mitigate the disruptive impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on project activities and the hacked project website. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The PI trained to develop survey using Qualtrics. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results and project updates were shared through the following events with relevant stakeholders: "More-Than-Human-Solidarity: Expert Panel Results from the Wellanimal Project," One Health Symposium: Zoonotic Pathogens in Alaska, University of Alaska Anchorage, 28 October, 2022. "WellAnimal - Promoting Farm Animal Welfare and Preparing for the Next Novel Pandemic: Applying Values- Aware Research and Better Science-Ethics Communication to Animal Agriculture and the New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) - Annual Report," 2023 USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)/AFRI Project Directors Meeting A1261, May 20, 2023. "Advancing Farm Animal Welfare and Preparing for the Next Novel Pandemic: A Preliminary Analysis," 2022 Congress of the European Society for Agriculture and Food Ethics (EurSafe) - Transforming Food Systems: Ethics, Innovation and Responsibility, Edinburgh, September 7-10, 2022. "WellAnimal - Promoting Farm Animal Welfare and Preparing for the Next Novel Pandemic: Applying Values- Aware Research and Better Science-Ethics Communication to Animal Agriculture and the New Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) - Annual Report," 2022 USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA)/AFRI Virtual Project Directors Meeting A1261, August 16-17, 2022. "What Ethical Dilemmas Emerge from Contested Veterinary Expertise?" Constructing and Contesting Veterinary Expertise: Professionals, Publics and Prospects - Online Conference, University of Nottingham, The British Academy and The Wellcome Trust, July 5-7, 2022. "Peacebuilding through the Ethic of Sharing: Recalibrating Regenerative Relationships with Food Animals to Advance Food Security," New Philosophical Work on Food Justice-Culinary Mind: Center for the Philosophy of Food, 2022 Meeting of the Association for the Study of Food and Society, Athens, Georgia, 18-24 May, 2022. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?IRB approval for the national survey will be obtained. A national survey will be disseminated and the results will be analyzed. The PD is scheduled to present additional findings at "Emerging stronger from COVID: A Thematic Analysis of US Veterinarians' Perspectives on Pandemic Preparedness, Animal Welfare and Ethics," Veterinary Ethic Conference, Messerli Research Institute, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria, scheduled 27-29 September 2023. A peer reviewed journal article is in progress based on the panel discussions (Obj. 1).?
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
A comprehensive analysis of the data from the panel has been analyzed and was used to inform the national public survey. The PI has been working with the expert panelists since the last annual report to develop a national public survey, including holding teleconferences to determine the scope, content and length of the survey. The PI has developed a survey tool using Qualtrics. Beta versions of the survey were sent to the panelists for feedback. In consultation with the panelists and project statistician, the PI is working with Qualtrics to obtain a representative sample and administer the survey in Fall 2023 (Obj. 2)
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
A copy of my abstract in the conference booklet can be found here: https://www.eursafe2022.ed.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/Eursafe-2022-Programme-Booklet.pdf
Advancing farm animal welfare and preparing for the next novel pandemic: A Pre- liminary Analysis
Nearly two years into the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, what have we learned about how to better integrate animal issues with human ones before and during a public health crisis? What have we learned so far about efforts to improve science-ethics communication and minimize food system disruptions? In response to these questions, this presentation will highlight preliminary analyses of the considered views of approximately 12 US national and international experts with academic and clinical expertise in pandemic policy-making and zoonotic disease control from animal, environmental, veterinary, animal, agricultural, media and public health ethics, respectively, epidemiology, wildlife management and livestock production. Focus groups in the form of three small panels were conducted through video conference in the final months of 2021. Responses were analyzed using thematic analysis and concept mapping. This activity is part of the WellAnimal project, which seeks to: (1) Investigate subject expert and layperson concerns and perceptions towards animals and disease risk assessment during a novel pandemic; (2) Explore barriers to communication and sources of misinformation regarding animal health and welfare during a novel pandemic; and (3) Lay the groundwork for the development of a collaborative agenda for values-aware practice and research for animal welfare science and ethics within One Health.
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Progress 07/01/21 to 06/30/22
Outputs
Target Audience:1. On the 19th of May2022, I participated as a panelist for a "New Philosophical Work on Food Justice" panel. This panel was hosted bythe Culinary Mind: Center for the Philosophy of Food in conjunction with the 2022 Meeting of the Association for the Study of Food and Society, Athens, Georgia, 18-24 May, 2022.https://cultivatingconnections2022.uga.edu/ I shared preliminary data from the small group panel discussions (conducted in December 2021) with a largely academic audience at the conference. My presentation,titled, "Peacebuilding through the Ethic of Sharing: Recalibrating Regenerative Relationships with Food Animals to Advance Food Security," was well received. My participation at the conference was virtual. 2. A website has been created for the project and will be used to administer the online survey in Fall 2022: https://www.uaa.alaska.edu/research/well-animal-project/index.cshtml 3. InFall 2022, the project was described to theAmerican Veterinary MedicalAssociation's Animal Welfare Committee and Panel on HumaneSlaughter,on which the PD serves. Changes/Problems:1. At the beginning of 2022, it was discovered that the original project website was hacked andall the content was lost. Fortunately, there was no confidential information on the website. Together with the assistance of UAA IT personnel, rebuilding the site has taken the last sixmonths (January to early June), which included the training ofa new webdesigner. The hack, training of the new webdesignerand website rebuilding haveresulted in some project activity delays, including data analysis and publishing the online survey, which is now scheduled to occur in early fall 2022. 2. The on-going COVID-19 pandemic continues to have some disruptive influences, including return to normal university duties, on scheduling, personnel turn over and execution of project activities. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two student webdesigners have receivedtrainingfrom UAA's IT team. The PD has maintained a close working and mentorship relationship with the two students. The first student webdesignerleft the project in January 2022 and was replaced by the second student. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?So far, preliminary data hasbeen shared through the followingacademic conference:https://cultivatingconnections2022.uga.edu/registration/ What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?A comprehensive analysis of the data from the first small panel discussions iscurently underway. Relevant publications are being preparedand the public survey questions are being developed in consultation with the expert panelists. The survey is intended to be administered in early Fall 2022. Once the survey data is analyzed, it will be shared with the panelists once more, congruent with the project activities. The PD is scheduledto present additional findingsatEurSafe 2022:Transforming Food Systems, September 7 - 10 2022, barring pandemic related impediments.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
1. A public-facing website has been developed, which contains project objectives and will administer the online survey in Fall 2022 (Obj 2). The public can also contact the PD through the website.https://www.uaa.alaska.edu/research/well-animal-project/index.cshtml 2. The first round of small panel group discussions washeld at the end of 2021 (Obj 1). The data has been transcribed and is being analyzed. Preliminary results were shared at an academic conference in May 2022. The data will be reviewed with the panelists for their feedback and publications are being prepared accordingly. 3. The first round of small panel group discussions already revealed some ingredients regarding communication barriers (Obj 2) and for the collaborative agenda (Obj 3).
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
A copy of my abstract in the conference proceedings can be found here: https://cultivatingconnections2022.uga.edu/abstract-submission/
ANTHONY, Raymond (University of Alaska Anchorage). Peacebuilding through the ethic of sharing: Recalibrating regenerative relationships with food animals to advance food security. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has challenged humanity to develop more integrated approaches to managing food animals. Animal health disaster events like the current pandemic are world disclosing and highlight different ethical conversations that should occur over the design shortcomings of animal agriculture, including the extent to which human and animal communities are mutually dependent on each other, and not merely connected to each other. I explore how food animals can be an active participant in peacebuilding through an ethic of sharing. I consider how human-food animal relationships within peacebuilding processes during a public health emergency can be instructive in strengthening agricultural peacebuilding in the food ethics literature. An ethic of sharing, grounded in a relational account of solidarity, can inform an ethical response that is oriented by existing networks of care and a commitment to develop and strengthen new ones. Food animals can be vehicles for transformation. Examining the moral and epistemological issues surrounding human-food animals during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic can provide us with principles and best practices to recalibrate regenerative relationships with food animals ahead of the next animal health event and motivate ontological shifts in animal disaster management, more generally. This discussion is informed by qualitative research undertaken in Fall 2021-Spring 2022.
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