Progress 01/01/24 to 12/31/24
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience during the reporting period including food and cereal researchers, graduate students, food analysis labs, and food products and ingredients industry. Information was delivered through laboratory research, classroom instruction, and conference. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A new Ph.D. student has been trained under this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the following year, the ability of single enzyme@MOF mixture and multi-enzymes@MOF nanocatalysts to hydrolyze starch and protein in food samples will be evaluated.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The post-doctoral researcher who was hired for this project left the laboratory for a faculty position. Because of the loss of the core researcher, a minimal progress was made in this period, and the project has approved for a years of extension. In order to proceed the project, a Ph.D. student was recruited in the fall of 2024 to resume the research and complete the objectives. According to the results from the previous year, both amylase and amyloglucosidase were immobilized on Co2+ and organic ligands of 2-methylimidazole based Zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) through co-crystallization. The newly synthesized nanocomposites displayed large surface area and outstanding thermal and chemical stability.
Publications
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Progress 01/01/23 to 12/31/23
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences include food science research professionals , analytical scientists, graduate students, food products and ingredients industry. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One postdoctoral research associate has been trained under this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of this project have been disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, and presented at professional conferences including grantee's meeting. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the following year, multi-enzyme immobilization on MOF will be employed. The ability of enzymes@MOF nanocatalysts to hydrolyze food samples will be evaluated.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
In the second objective, various metal-ligand combinations were screened, and 5 metal ions (Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Zr4+) can effectively form crystal-like composites in water under ambient conditions. The results showed that enzyme were immobilized (entrapped) in these MOFs to produce enzyme@MOF composites if added prior to co-crystallization. Dependent upon the selection of metal and ligand, the formed composites can be single-crystal, crystal/amorphous, and amorphous powders, all of which are separable from the solution phase while retaining enzyme functions. We then immobilized protease on a MOF via co-crystallization which allowed the partial exposure of protease on the MOF surface and, thus, direct contact with protein. The hydrolysis of protein by protease@MOF was determined by a combination of SDSL-EPR and tandem MS techniques. Enhanced enzymatic efficiency (by a factor of 5-10) of protease once immobilized on MOF in comparison to in solution. In addition, EPR and MS results showed that entrapping protease in MOF resulted in a preference/selectivity in the cleavage site/region. These findings suggest the high potential of using MOFs to tune protease functionality, critical for further application in food analysis.Various metal-ligand combinations were screened, and 5 metal ions (Al3+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, and Zr4+) can effectively form crystal-like composites in water under ambient conditions. The results showed that enzyme were immobilized (entrapped) in these MOFs to produce enzyme@MOF composites if added prior to co-crystallization, which was the same via a "one-pot" synthesis. Dependent upon the selection of metal and ligand, the formed composites can be single-crystal, crystal/amorphous, and amorphous powders, all of which are separable from the solution phase while retaining enzyme functions. We then immobilized protease on a MOF via co-crystallization which allowed the partial exposure of protease on the MOF surface and, thus, direct contact with protein. The hydrolysis of protein by protease@MOF was determined by a combination of SDSL-EPR and tandem MS techniques. Enhanced enzymatic efficiency (by a factor of 5-10) of protease once immobilized on MOF in comparison to in solution. In addition, EPR and MS results showed that entrapping protease in MOF resulted in a preference/selectivity in the cleavage site/region. These findings suggest the high potential of using MOFs to tune protease functionality, critical for further application in food analysis.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Qiaobin Li, Zoe Armstrong, Austin MacRae, Angel Ugrinov, Li Feng, Bingcan Chen, Ying Huang, Hui Li, Yanxiong Pan, Zhongyu Yang. MetalOrganic Materials (MOMs) Enhance Proteolytic Selectivity, Efficiency, and Reusability of Trypsin: A Time-Resolved Study on Proteolysis. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2023, 15, 89278936.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Drew Jordahl, Zoe Armstrong, Qiaobin Li, Runxiang Gao, Wei Liu, Kelley Johnson, William Brown, Allison Scheiwiller, Li Feng, Angel Ugrinov, Haiyan Mao, Bingcan Chen, Mohiuddin Quadir, Hui Li, Yanxiong Pan, and Zhongyu Yang. Expanding the Library of MetalOrganic Frameworks for Enzyme Biomineralization. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2022, 14, 46, 5161951629
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Progress 01/01/22 to 12/31/22
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences include food and cereal researchers, analytical scientists, graduate students, food products and ingredients industry. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One postdoctoral research associate has been training under this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of this project have been disseminated in peer-reviewed journals, and presented at professional conferences including Gordon Research Conference. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the following year, the catalytic acitivity of alpha-amylase@ZIF-67 will be compared with thegreen MOMs we synthesized in the first year of the project. This will allow us to tune the green MOMs with the suitable properties to maximize thecatalytic acitivity of the immobilized digestive enzymes.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The goal for this year was to understand the role of metal ions and ligand on the spatial localization of single digestive enzyme and the corresponding enzymatic activity. Three different types of MOFs (ZIF-8, ZIF-67 and zn-MOF-74) with controllable pore size were synthesized under varied metal ion to ligand ratios. The synthesized MOFs and alpha-amylase@MOFs were systematically characterized using infrared, X-ray diffraction, scan and transmission electron microscopy, and surface area measurement techniques. The enzymatic activity of the immobilized alpha-amylase in MOFs were also investigated. We found that the catalytic efficiency of alpha-amylase@MOF nanocomposites was highly dependent on the particle size, particle morphology, surface area, and surface enzyme loading. The alpha-amylase@ZIF-67 series displayed the highest hydrolysis efficiency of starch into maltose due to the larger surface area and ball shape.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Yanxiong Pan; Qiaobin Li; Hui Li; Mary Lenertz; Drew Jordahl; Zoe Suiter; Bingcan Chen; Zhongyu Yang. Maximizing the applicability of continuous wave (CW) Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR): what more can we do after a century?Journal of Magnetic Resonance Open, 2022, 10, 100060
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Progress 01/01/21 to 12/31/21
Outputs
Target Audience:
Nothing Reported
Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One postdoctoral research associate is trained under this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In the next year, digestive enzymes for dietary fiber analysis will be immobilized onto the developed green Ca-DDVA and Zn-DDVA MOMs.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
We have made significant progress towards the project goals in this first project year. We have found a potential solution to overcome the biocompatibility issues of the current available Metal-organic frameworks/materials (MOFs/MOMs); that is the ligands of most current MOFs which are non-renewable chemical materials based on petrochemical resources. Such barrier limits the use of enzyme@MOF nanocomposites in food systems. We found that a lignin derived dimeric compound, 5,5'-dehydrodivanillate (DDVA), can co-precipitate with enzymes and some nutrional minerals such as Ca2+ and Zn2+ in the aqueous phase to form stable nanocomposites of enzyme@Metal-Organic Materials (MOMs) at room temperature. We have demonstrated the use of Ca-DDVA and Zn-DDVA MOMs for encapsulating enzymes with different molecular weight and substrate size as well as an enzyme cluster. Two peer reviewed publications in top-tier journals were published as a result of research supported by this award.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Yanxiong Pan, Hui Li, Mary Lenertz, Yulun Han, Angel Ugrinov, Dmitri Kilin, Bingcan Chen, and Zhongyu Yang. One-pot Synthesis of Enzyme@Metal-Organic Materials (MOM) Biocomposites for Enzyme Biocatalysis. Green Chemistry, 2021, 23, 44664476.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Yanxiong Pan, Qiaobin Li, Hui Li, Jasmin Farmakes, Angel Ugrinov, Xiao Zhu, Zhiping Lai, Bingcan Chen, and Zhongyu Yang. A General Ca-MOM Platform with Enhanced Acid/Base Stability for Enzyme Biocatalysis. Chem Catalysis, 2021, 1, 146161.
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