Progress 02/01/21 to 02/20/23
Outputs
Target Audience:Engineers and scientists working on food safety technologies, printed electronics, smart systems. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate students and two undergraduate students from MSU received significant professional training and practical experience in the areas of sensor design and fabrication using additive manufacturing processes, and in wireless communication hardware design and testing. These skills are highly valuable in today's workforce. Two Ph.D. students at CWRU have been trained to use the Aerosol jet printer and developed the necessary skills. One of them has developed a new simulation scheme to predict the sintering process of printed nanoparticles, which will speed up the applications of printed electronics. One research scientist and one graduate student from the University of Arkansas got professional training in electrochemical biosensor designing and AutoCAD drawing. This basic knowledge in molecular biology, engineering, and biosensing will benefit them in future research and work. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Three journal papers (Cao & Mason) and one conference paper (Chahal) have been published under this grant. Two new journal papers (Cao & Li) are submitted for review. The related research was also presented at professional conferences. Biochar is a renewable and environmentally friendly material produced from the pyrolysis of biomass feedstocks. The activated biochar-based immunosensor we developed could detectE. coliO157:H7 cells with a limit of detection of 4 log CFU/mL without incubation. It draws the interest of researchers and industry partners due to its potential for rapid detection of foodborne pathogens in foods and, furthermore, can be integrated into a portable multiplexed device for use in food industries. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Under goal 1, we will continue our research on the validation and application of the biosensor in the E. coli O157:H7 detection in food. To integrate with the 3D printed electrode, the biosensor needs to be designed with high sensitivity, short detection time, and straightforward operation. In the next year, we plan to have a postdoc researcher with experience in flexible electrode designing, electrochemical measuring, and nanomaterial fabrication, to improve the performance of the biosensor to fit the requirements of goal 2. Under Goals 2 & 3, we will continue to advance the wireless passive RFID sensor tag to incorporate and test sensing elements (e.g., temperature and pH). The antennas will be incorporated on thin flex substrates (thin plastics such as polyethylene). Interrogation of RFID sensor tags will be carried out at both the fundamental and harmonic frequencies. For Goals 4 & 5, we will integrate the power source with the sensors for packing a self-powering method and design to drive the sensor array to monitor the package information.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Under goal 1, we were able to validate an electrochemical method capable of sensing changes in low concentrations of ammonia in a confined space (roughly 10-100ppm). The electrolyte chosen to be most stable in a variety of situations was the ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide 99%. For initial testing within the gas chamber, the ionic liquid was dropped onto a planar, interdigitated electrode. However, the ionic liquid would need to be encased within a gas permeable membrane, compatible with the flexible, printing surface. These initial tests were done with a benchtop biopotentiostat from CH Instruments to confirm the ammonia sensing capabilities and to the find the parameters necessary for the final device. Cyclic voltammetry was used initially to validate sensing, however double potential chronoamperometry was chosen as the ultimate electrochemical technique for its reversibility of the reaction and fast, low power sensing capabilities.The resolution of ammonia concentration sensing is unknown due to limited control over the gas chamber's internal conditions. A device was built based off these parameters onto a flexible substrate. The device included a temperature and humidity sensor, an LED as a visual indicator and an optional/temporary programmer connection interface. Other temporary/optional connections allow for either UART or SPI protocol compatible communications for data transfer. Under goal 1, we 1) developed an activated biochar-based immunosensor for label-free, rapid, and sensitive detection of E. coli O157:H7 with a limit of detection of 104CFU/mL, providing a promising approach for the foodborne pathogen detection and the portable device integration; 2) compared the difference in the electrochemical response of 3 electrodes, and then designed an integrated electrode using 3D AutoCAD drawing for the future 3D print; The immunosensor is expected to apply in the 3D-printed electrode, to give an easy-to-use and portable platform for the pathogens monitoring in food. Under Goals 2 & 3, we designed a range of dipole antenna structures that are broadband and work in the 915MHz frequency range. Broadband enables the integration of antennae on a range of substrates (plastics, papers) and allows for dielectric loading from the packaged material (food contents). In addition, battery-less (passive) RFID chips were integrated with the antenna structures for sensing applications. To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (to reduce signal clutter), interrogation of the RFIDs at the harmonic frequency (3 X 915 MHz) was investigated. Different commercial RFID chips were analyzed, and the results of this work were published in a recent conference paper.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Abdus Sobhan, Fei Jia, Lisa Cooney Kelso, Sonatan Kumar Biswas, Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan, Changyong Cao, Lin Wei, and Yanbin Li.* A Novel Activated Biochar-Based Immunosensor for Rapid Detection of E. coli O157:H7. Biosensors 2022, 12(10), 908.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
B. Tian, Y. Fang, J. Liang, K. Zheng, P. Guo, X. Zhang, Y. Wu, Y. Zeng, Z. Huang, C. Cao*, W. Wu*. Fully printed multifunctional and stretchable E-textiles for aesthetic wearable electronic systems. Small, 2107298, 2022.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Yaokun Pang, Huigang Wang, Yuhui Fang, Xianchen Xu, Rui Chen, Changyong Cao*. Toward Self-Powered Integrated Smart Packaging System - Desiccant-based Triboelectric Nanogenerators, under review, 2023.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Zhida Huang, Hao Wang, Lei Chen, Bo Li, Changyong (Chase) Cao. A Meshfree Phase-Field Model for Simulating the Sintering Process of Particles, under review, 2023.
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Progress 02/01/21 to 01/31/22
Outputs
Target Audience:Engineers and scientistsworking on food safety technologies Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate students and two undergraduate students received significant professional training and practical experience in the areas of sensor design and fabrication using additive manufacturing processes, and in wireless communication hardware design and testing. These skills are highly valuable in today's workforce. One postdoc researcher and 1 graduate student were well trained in the fabrication of electrochemical biosensors, the AutoCAD drawing of electrodes, and food microbiology. During the project's monthly meeting, they also develop their presentation and communication skills. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?One journal paper (Cao & Mason) and one conference paper (Chahal & Mason) have been published. Two new journal papers (Cao & Li) are in preparation. The related research was also presented in professional conferences. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Under goal 1, we will design and construct a complete electrochemical ammonia sensor system including the sensing element and required instrumentation circuitry. Moreover, this design will be suitable for implementation on a flexible substrate using only additive manufacturing processes. The sensor system will be characterized for sensing performance, and embedded firmware will be developed to implement a low power readout and altering (when food decay detected) protocol via the wireless communication device from goal 2. For the biosensor part, we will continue the research on electrochemical biosensor designing with higher sensitivity, shorter detection time, and more straightforward operation. In addition, some other biotechnologies, such as CRISPR technology, will be employed to explore the potential of improving the detection ability of the proposed biosensor. Under goals 2 & 3, we will continue to advance the wireless passive RFID sensor tag to incorporate and test sensing elements (e.g., temperature and pH). The antennas will be incorporated on thin flex substrates (thin plastics such as polyethylene). Interrogation of RFID sensor tags will be carried out at both the fundamental and harmonic frequencies. For Goals 4 & 5, we will develop a packaging based self-powering method and design to drive the sensor array to monitoring the package information.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The first year of this project focused on exploring options defined in the proposal that could be suitable for achieving the challenging combination of 1) sensing capability, 2) low/no power consumption, 3) wireless implementation within a sealed food package, and 4) printable manufacturing. At this early stage, the major impacts are limited to identification of suitable sensing and wireless communications approaches that could simultaneously achieve all of these challenging requirements. Under goal 1, we have explored a variety of gas sensor options to detect outgassing from decaying food, with a focus on ammonia resulting from decay of meat products. We built several resistive-based prototype sensors using print-ready technologies on flexible substrates but achieved limited success with this sensor type. We then started exploring electrochemical sensor options and this effort will continue into year 2. In addition, the corn stalk activated biochar was generated using our proprietary reactors and served an extensive surface area of 825.89 m2/g and micropore volume of 0.21 cm3/g. The activated biochar-based immunosensor was developed for label-free, rapid, and sensitive detection for E. coli O157:H7 in food. The specificity of the developed immunosensor confirmed that the anti-E. coli pAbs were specific enough to react with E. coli O157:H7 cells rather than non-targeted food pathogens. A limit of detection of 104CFU/mL was achieved for the detection ofE. coliO157:H7. We expect that the developed immunosensor will provide a promising approach for rapid detection of food pathogens in foods and, furthermore can be integrated into a portable multiplexed device in the future. Under Goals 2 & 3, we designed a range of dipole antenna structures that are broadband and work in the 915MHz frequency range. Broadband enables the integration of antennae on a range of substrates (plastics, papers) and allows for dielectric loading from the packaged material (food contents). In addition, battery-less (passive) RFID chips were integrated with the antenna structures for sensing applications. To enhance the signal-to-noise ratio (to reduce signal clutter), interrogation of the RFIDs at the harmonic frequency (3 X 915 MHz) was investigated. Different commercial RFID chips were analyzed, and the results of this work were published in a recent conference paper.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
B. Tian, Y. Fang, J. Liang, K. Zheng, P. Guo, X. Zhang, Y. Wu, Y. Zeng, Z. Huang,C. Cao, W. Wu, Fully printed multifunctional and stretchable e-textiles for aesthetic wearable electronic systems, Small, vol 18(13), 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202107298
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Aditya Purandare, Yihang Chu, Deepak Kumar, Saikat Mondal, Andrew J. Mason, and Prem Chahal, Design and Implementation of Harmonic RFID Based on Conventional UHF System, Int. Sym. Microelectronics, San Diego, CA, October 11-14, 2021.
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