Progress 11/01/20 to 10/31/23
Outputs
Target Audience:The COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread impacts across various sectors, with agriculture particularly affected. Small-scale producers, especially minority farmers, including Black, Indigenous, and other people of color (BIPOC), have faced unique challenges during this period. This report explores the specific impacts of the pandemic on minority farmers, analyzing economic, social, and policy-related factors and highlighting the measures taken to mitigate these impacts. Changes/Problems:We lost several vital contacts and partners from our project during the grant period, making it a challenge to spend the total funding and complete the second objective. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?All professional development training and materials are located -COVID-19 Outreach Resources :: Association of Extension Administrators (1890aea.org) Training Initiatives: The project initiated a Train-the-Trainer program, educating staff on producing safety modules modified to incorporate SARS-CoV-2 prevention measures. Subsequently, multiple training sessions were conducted for farmers, utilizing virtual and in-person formats while adhering to COVID-19 protocols. Approximately 70% of farmers adopted recommended protocols, including mask-wearing, social distancing, and employee health screenings. Moreover, assistance was provided to socially disadvantaged farmers in passing GAP Audits, with a focus on COVID-19 protocols. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?List of 1890 Land-Grant Universities and the states they serve. 1. Alabama A&M University (Alabama) 2. Alcorn State University (Mississippi) 3. Central State University (Ohio) 4. Delaware State University (Delaware) 5. Florida A&M University (Florida) 6. Fort Valley State University (Georgia) 7. Kentucky State University (Kentucky) 8. Langston University (Oklahoma) 9. Lincoln University (Missouri) 10. North Carolina A&T State University (North Carolina) 11. Prairie View A&M University (Texas) 12. South Carolina State University (South Carolina) 13. Southern University and A&M College (Louisiana) 14. Tennessee State University (Tennessee) 15. Tuskegee University (Alabama) 16. University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff (Arkansas) 17. University of Maryland Eastern Shore (Maryland) 18. Virginia State University (Virginia) 19. West Virginia State University (West Virginia) Total Estimated Reach Summing up the potential reach across all states provides an approximate total number of small-scale or minority farmers that the 1890 LGUs' cooperative extension could reach, with a reach of approximately 54,700 small-scale or minority farmers across the United States with best agricultural practices. This estimate is based on available data, including effective implementation of both digital and in-person outreach strategies to engage these communities. Dissemination Efforts: Over fifty additional toolkits containing informative materials, sanitization supplies, and protective gear were distributed across Southeastern states to enhance accessibility to crucial resources. Furthermore, a graduate student completed a research project on the pandemic's impact on food supply chains in minority communities, and the results were disseminated through publications and brochures. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
This report aims to document the project's efforts and outcomes to educate and train multiple users, mainly focusing on small-scale, limited-resource, and minority producers and ranchers, in mitigating the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Despite challenges, significant progress has been made in disseminating crucial information and implementing preventive measures within minority farming communities. During the reporting period, challenges were encountered in garnering interest in COVID-19 workshops due to perceived declines in infection rates in the southeastern region. To address this, updated information on vaccines and boosters was integrated into toolkits distributed among participants. A statement emphasizing the importance of continuous vigilance against potential outbreaks was included to underscore the relevance of the provided information. The 1890 Land-Grant Universities (LGUs) were established to support the educational needs of African Americans in agriculture and related fields. These institutions, part of the Morrill Act of 1890, strongly focus on serving minority and underserved communities, including small-scale farmers. This report aims to estimate the potential reach of these universities' cooperative extension programs to small-scale or minority farmers with information on best agricultural practices after the COVID-19 pandemic. Role of 1890 Universities During and Following the Pandemic Focus on Mobile and Local Meat Slaughter One of the critical areas addressed by the 1890 Universities' extension programs was the disruption in the meat supply chain. The programs supported the development and expansion of mobile and local meat slaughtering facilities: 1. Mobile Slaughter Units (MSUs): Extension programs promoted using MSUs, which are self-contained slaughterhouses on wheels. These units provided an immediate solution to processing bottlenecks caused by the closure of large meat processing plants due to COVID-19 outbreaks. 2. Local Slaughter Facilities: Assistance was provided to establish and enhance local slaughter facilities, ensuring a more resilient and decentralized meat processing infrastructure. This helped reduce the reliance on large processing plants and ensured continuous meat supply to local markets. Long-Term Educational Initiatives Enhancing Future Pandemic Preparedness Recognizing the importance of preparedness, 1890 Universities have initiated several educational programs aimed at equipping farmers and communities for future pandemics: 1. Curriculum Development: New workshops and training modules focusing on biosecurity, crisis management, and supply chain resilience have been integrated into agricultural education programs. 2. Research and Innovation: Extension programs foster research on alternative farming practices, such as vertical farming and regenerative agriculture, to enhance food security and sustainability. 3. Community Outreach: Continuous community engagement through workshops, informational campaigns, and collaboration with local organizations ensures widespread dissemination of knowledge and best practices to keep the food chain network running if another Pandemic should happen. Despite initial challenges, the project has made significant strides in educating and training minority farming communities to mitigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2. Through strategic dissemination efforts, training initiatives, and collaborative partnerships, the project has successfully enhanced awareness and implementation of preventive measures, contributing to the resilience of minority producers and safeguarding food supply chains. Revenue Losses and Market Access 1. Decline in Market Demand: The pandemic disrupted traditional market channels such as farmers' markets, restaurants, and schools. Minority farmers often rely on these outlets and saw significant revenue declines due to reduced demand and market closures. 2. Supply Chain Disruptions: Restrictions and lockdowns disrupted supply chains, affecting the availability of inputs and the ability to transport goods to market. Minority farmers, who might have less access to alternative markets, were particularly vulnerable to these disruptions. 3. Labor Shortages: The agricultural sector faced labor shortages due to illness, quarantine measures, and immigration restrictions. Minority farmers, especially those who rely on family labor or small hired crews, struggled to maintain their operations. Social and Health Impact during Pandemic 1. Higher Exposure to COVID-19: Minority farming communities often have higher exposure to COVID-19 due to densely populated living conditions, lack of healthcare access, and higher rates of preexisting health conditions. 2. Mental Health Challenges: The stress and uncertainty brought on by the pandemic have exacerbated mental health issues among minority farmers. The pressure to maintain livelihoods amidst these challenges has taken a toll on their mental well-being. Community Impact 1. Loss of Community Support Networks: Social distancing and quarantine measures disrupted crucial community support networks for minority farmers. These networks provide labor, financial, emotional, and cultural sustenance. 2. Education and Outreach: Limited access to technology and digital literacy hindered minority farmers from benefiting from online resources, virtual markets, and educational webinars designed to help navigate pandemic-related challenges. Federal and State Responses the 1890 Group Assisted With. 1. Relief Programs: Various relief programs were launched, such as the Coronavirus Food Assistance Program (CFAP). However, the effectiveness of these programs for minority farmers was mixed, with many reporting difficulties in accessing funds. 2. Legislative Efforts: The American Rescue Plan Act included provisions for debt relief for socially disadvantaged farmers. This legislative effort acknowledged the historical inequities minority farmers face and sought to provide targeted assistance. Grassroots and Community Initiatives 1. Mutual Aid Networks: Many minority farming communities established mutual aid networks to share resources and support each other. These grassroots efforts were crucial in providing immediate relief and fostering resilience. 2. Nonprofit and Advocacy Support: Organizations like the National Black Farmers Association (NBFA) and the Intertribal Agriculture Council (IAC) intensified their efforts to support minority farmers through advocacy, resource distribution, and technical assistance. Addressing these areas can help mitigate the pandemic's impact on minority farmers and work towards a more equitable and resilient agricultural sector. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted and exacerbated existing inequities faced by minority farmers. While some federal relief measures have been implemented, significant disparities in access and effectiveness remain. It is crucial to continue advocating for equitable support and developing more inclusive policies that address the specific needs of minority farmers. Strengthening community networks and supporting grassroots initiatives are vital in building resilience against future crises. Acknowledgments: Special thanks to all project participants, collaborators, and stakeholders for their dedication and contributions towards the success of this initiative. Their commitment to promoting health and safety within minority farming communities has been instrumental in achieving our objectives.
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Progress 11/01/21 to 10/31/22
Outputs
Target Audience:This project has a primary target group through a Train the Trainer approach to Extension personnel. The Extension Staffreaches out to minority & limited-resourced farmers and the food supply chain, both a part ofthe economy's most critical sectors. There has been considerable concern about the impact of the pandemic on the entire food system from field to consumer (production, processing, and distribution). Reports showed that important information about the virus was not reaching certain sections of the population, and it turned out to be the most vulnerable and disproportionately affected. The Extension staff's target audience included any person or entity involved in the food supply chain in minority communities in Alabama, which mainly incorporated the Black Belt region of the state. These included farmers/producers (crops/livestock), processors, those transporting products to markets, retailers/supermarkets, shops/markets (particularly farmers' markets), restaurants, and other eateries. Changes/Problems:The biggest issue has been getting sub-award partners to utilize the funds within the project. As we meet, there are other funds that they have been using and haven't spent the funds available through this proposal. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?As stated previously, the primary focus was to get information on adapting and protecting farms and the food chain in the hands of Extension staff through training. During the AEA System-wide conference, our team held another training. The grant was one of the sponsors ofthis conference, so we could get more attention to our cause to reach as many socially disadvantaged clientele as possible. The information was kept available for any Extension staff member on the AEA website. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Extension staff delivered the information to the communities throughout the states through in-person and virtual (where available)meetings and one-on-one farm/ business visits. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We plan on completing the objectives, having most farmers gain knowledge, and adopting safety measures in case of another pandemic or disaster.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
During this reporting period, there was a reduction in the incidences of the COVID-19 virus through the Gant region based on local news reports and the state information on the CDC website. In-person workshops/training sessions were held in all 19 participatinguniversities withrepresented clientele from various surrounding counties. Examples of workshops held in Alabama were held on September 30th with 25 attendees and on October 1st with 18 attendees representing the target audiences mentioned earlier. During 2021-22, conferences, including the AEA national conference, were a dissemination place to reach extension staff and farmers alike, and they were held across the country.Toolkits were distributed to individual clientele over the year to compensate farmers who were unable to attend conferences and meetings. Toolkits containing hard copies of the information presented, pamphlets/posters, a flash drive with more COVID-19 information, note pads, pencils, hand sanitizers, and masks were distributed to attendees of the workshops. One graduate student (Na'ila Taylor), who was assigned a research project based on one of the objectives of this grant, completed her thesis project and graduated in the summer of 2022.The title of her project was 'The Effect of COVID-19 on the Food Supply Chain in Minority Communities of Alabama'. The objective-two questionnaire(approved by the Universities'IRB committees) assessed the impact of the pandemic on the different businesses, mitigation practices followed, personal impact, and the participants' demographic information. The students delivered the questionnaires in person to producers/farmers, store owners, restauranteurs, etc., in the counties across the south. Results indicated that a significant number of individuals were not only unprepared for the impact of the pandemic but also lacked the resources and knowledge to access information and assistance; only 34% of respondents said they had applied for and used available government assistance and related opportunities; 13% said they did not know about the financial assistance opportunities; 10.8% did not know how to apply; 69% of respondents were males; 87% were Black; 32.6% were 65 years or older; 34.8% had a college degree while 23.9% had a professional degree and 17.4% achieved a high school education. A manuscript is being prepared for publication in the Professional Agricultural Workers Journal (PAWJ) to publish the results from the thesis above project. Two draft brochures have been created based on the results of the graduate student project. Once approved by the marketing department, they will be finalized for printing and distribution to stakeholders in the region. They will also be placed on the Cooperative Extension website for broader distribution.
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Progress 11/01/20 to 10/31/21
Outputs
Target Audience: Our project is using the Train the Trainer approach with the 1890 extension community to reachsmall-scale, limited resource and minority producers and ranchers, small-scale packinghouses and processors, distributors, farmers' markets, CSA programs, and direct delivery on to consumers, small retailers, and small processors. The project after the initial training has focused of reaching the clientele base of the 1890 extension programs that may not be in the mainstream agricultural system. Each of our 1890 university partners have been reaching out through a multi-prong approach including virtual andin-person trainings as well as one-on-one visits and informational mailings to reach a group that can be untrusting to the mainstream media. Changes/Problems:The biggest issues are completing outreach within the restrictions of each state as well as each university. Many of the audience we are reaching will not participate in a virtual classroom. The information provided to our audience is still valuable no matter which variant is currently active and is training producers the safe way to continue business in this environment. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?This project has opened the door for continued training in the practices required to stay safe during a serious disease outbreak, or if by chance another pandemic surfaces, we will be ready with the tools necessary to possibly avoid food shortages, hospitalizations, or anything more serious. All the training that is being offered now, will not only serve to counteract the current virus, but any such occurrences in the future. With the virus mutating and creating new variants, training must continue in order to stay on track, by continuing with all the mitigation practices set out by the CDC. We will be conducting another national in-person training at the AEA Joint Conference on August 3, 2022, in Florida. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Using the channels through each 1890 university to reach their clients that are also our target audience was the original plan and it seems effective. This make reaching our target audience an easier task when we use our partners to reach the people they normally work will. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The trainings will continue throughout the No-Cost Extension period with our 18 partnering universities to reach our projected totals as well as the completion of the survey to present the results.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The initial nation-wide Train the trainer style workshops were developed and presented to 247 individuals that are made of Extension Educators, Agents and Specialist as well as other Ag Service Providers from 20 different states covering all 19 HBCUs via Zoom. *March 31, 2021, 12:30 - 4:30 pm ET, *April 8, 2021, 10 am - 2 pm ET, *April 13, 2021, 10 1m - 2 pm ET, *April 21, 2021, 10 1m - 2 pm ET * Trainers from the nineteen 1890 institutions attended the training and over 80% expressed confidence in being able to train others using the provided curricula. During the first year of this project a plethora of educational event have been given to reach the objectives of the project. Examples for objective 1: During this reporting period, there was an uptick in the COVID-19 virus in the state of Alabama, therefore we were unable to hold in-person workshops and training for the target audiences. Since the major portion of the expected participants do not have access to the internet or a computer, an undergraduate work-study student was hired to create toolboxes containing printed copies of the training materials placed in binders, along with pamphlets/posters, and other important information about the virus. The toolboxes also contain gloves, masks, sanitizers, notepads, and pencils for making notes. How to wash fresh fruits and vegetables workshop, A total number of15 participantsattended. Vaccinations and recognizing the value of implementing additional food safety practices, which included handwashing station basics.A total number of15 participantsattended. A total number of 64 participants have completed the training and received all developed resource material on Reducing the Impact of SARS-CoV-2 along the Local Food Supply Chain May 7, 2021, noon-1 pm ET at the WV Farm Museum, Point Pleasant, WV during the WV Department of Agriculture Field Day at Lakin State Farm, presentation entitled "Farm Safety During COVID-19" with over 50 people in attendance October 1, 2021, noon-1 pm ET at the Huttonsville State Farm, Huttonsville, WV during the WV Department of Agriculture Field Day at Huttonsville State Farm, presentation entitled "Farm Safety During COVID-19" with over 30 people in attendance Several UMES Extension Specialists agreed to attend one or more of the Train the Trainer virtual workshops spearheaded by DSU and 1890 partner institutions on: 1) Identifying and Mitigating Transmission of COVID-19 along the Food Supply Chain; 2) Produce Safety Pandemic; and 3) Food Chain Pandemic.After successfully completing the training, each specialist will utilize the educational materials received to disseminate to their respective farmer/farm worker clientele University of Maryland Eastern Shore's School of Agriculture and Natural Sciences hosted their first UMES Ag Showcase event on August 18, 2021. The event was free and open to the public...with emphasis in attracting farmers (both large and small-scale operations), aspiring beginning farmers, or those interested in learning about Agriculture. Approximately 140 registrants got a chance to participate in field demonstrations, tours, interactive farm stops, and visit over 15 different agricultural exhibitor stations. One for the educational exhibits featured was by Dr. Melinda Schwarz, UMES Extension Food Safety Specialist, which she talked about and shared informational resource materials on GAP, agricultural research on food safety, and COVID-19 prevention. 4/2021 - Spring Garden Workshop - Virtual presentations were seasonal growing, preparing the beds and soil, farm tours of operations and Food Chain and Hygiene Safety Tips and Q&A 65 participants. 6/2021 - St. Helena Cattlemen and Rancher Field Day - This field day offered workshops on harvesting, bailing hay, animal vaccination and SARS-CoV2 handouts and Q&A - 95 participants. 7/2021Morehouse Farmers and Landowners Field Day -The field day offered crop demonstrations, marketing analysis, variety trails and SARS-CoV-2 handouts and Q&A - 100 participants. 11/2021 - Fall Garden Field Day - Participant workshops were on USDA Programs, Saving Seeds, Pecan Growers (Legacy Trees) and Food Chain and Hygiene Safety Tips and Q&A - 75 participants. 12/2021 - Louisiana Small Farmer Conference - The one-day conference had 10 sessions with a session dedicated to SARS-CoV2 safety and protocols - 125 participants. South Carolina'strained 8 Extension agents and together we have provided them with the necessary tools to educate 80 small-scale, limited-resource, minority producers, ranchers and veterans' farmers in South Carolina on PPE, hygiene and SARS-CoV-2 safety. Our audience have gained knowledge on COVID-19 safety. This will have long term effect because we expect that best management practices in sustainable agriculture and natural resources will help to control the negative effects of COVID-19 to our targeted audience. Allworkshopsconducted followed the COVID-19 guidelines precautions.This included wearing masks if not vaccinated, social distancing, and following sanitation protocols. A team of eight SCSU-1890 Extension personnel participated in all the risk management workshops that were conducted on August 07, 2021, thirty-two (32) participants who attended the workshop from all our Regional Extension offices in SC.The participants were introduced to five areas of risk (production, marketing, financial, human resources and legal). They learned how to identify, measure, and manage risks on their farms in these areas. The Upstate Regional Extension Office in partnership with Clemson University, and Carolina Farm Stewardship Association organized and conducted the workshop targeted new beginning farmers and veterans and those interested in growing vegetables production in the High tunnel systems.Twenty (20) participantsattended the workshop.During the workshop we followed all SCSU recommended practices to ensure participants remain safe and COVID free. This included wearing masks if not vaccinated, taking temperatures, social distancing, and following sanitation protocols (i.e., washing hands with warm water and soap thoroughly). The following sessions were presented to the audience Low Country Regional Extension Sustainable Agriculture and natural resources program highlights, available and upcoming resources for farmers as related to the Stimulus Bills packages, and the information on alternative agriculture enterprises and land use options.Twenty-eight (28) participants attendedthe workshop. The second objective accomplishment was the survey tool and the required paperwork to complete the survey of the minority and limited resourced producers as well as their Ab-business' to get the socioeconomical data to gauge the impacts of the pandemic was distributed. Agraduate student has started her research project on this topic. Thequestionnaire created & approved by the IRB committee,will assess the impact of the pandemic on the different businesses, mitigation practices followed, personal impact, and the demographic information of the participants. The questionnaires are in the process of being distributed to stakeholders (producers/farmers, store owners, restauranteurs, etc.) in the Black Belt counties in Alabama.
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