Recipient Organization
PURDUE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
WEST LAFAYETTE,IN 47907
Performing Department
Nutrition Science
Non Technical Summary
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans are foundational to U.S. government dietary recommendations and policies to promote human health and to feed at-risk segments of the population. Protein-rich foods are major contributors of amino acids, other essential nutrients and energy, but may also contain varied amounts of nutrients of concern for over-consumption. The vast majority of Americans consume red meat, yet there is scientific and consumer-based controversies and confusion on the impact this protein-rich food has on health, especially when consumed as part of DGA-recommended healthy eating patterns. The global DGA recommendation to reduce red meat intake is not based on research with healthy eating patterns. Accomplishing the five objectives that encompass this HATCH project will provide nutrition and allied healthcare scientists and practitioners; agricultural commodity organizations and their stakeholders; government diet and health advisory committee members and policy administrators; and U.S. consumers with novel, rigorously obtained knowledge regarding the importance of healthy eating patterns containing red meat for health. This HATCH project aligns with the USDA ARS 2018-2020 Strategic Plan of Transforming Agriculture, specifically the Nutrition, Food Safety and Quality Scientific Goal to "define the role of food and its components in optimizing health throughout the life-cycle for all Americans."
Animal Health Component
70%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
20%
Applied
70%
Developmental
10%
Knowledge Area
Subject Of Investigation
Field Of Science
Goals / Objectives
The broad objective of this Hatch project is to assess and evaluate the impacts of manipulating the food composition of healthy eating patterns on health-related outcomes in adults at high risk for cardiometabolic diseases and physical function outcomes. Specific objectives include the following:1: NIH/USDA R01DK113957 (Co-PIs: Krebs, Reisdorph, Campbell)07/01/2017-6/30/2022Predicting Health Outcomes of Mediterranean Diet via Metabolomics of Foods and BiospecimensThis project aims to use foodomics to determine what specific food metabolites result in improved health outcomes.2: National Pork Board, North Dakota Beef Commission, and Foundation for Meat & Poultry Research & Education (PI: Campbell) 01/01/2018-9/30/2021Effects of consuming unprocessed and processed red meat on the gut microbiome in young adultsThis project will assess the impact of consuming unprocessed and processed lean red meat on gut microbiome profiles supported by analyses of 16S rRNA sequencing and SCFA profiles from collected stool samples.3. Foundation for Meat & Poultry Research & Education (PI: Campbell) 03/01/2020 - 02/28/2022Effects of proportioning meats and plant-based protein-rich foods with the U.S. Healthy Eating Pattern on cardiovascular disease risk factors.We will assess the effects of consuming different proportions of meat/poultry and plant-based, protein-rich foods incorporated into a U.S. Healthy Eating Pattern on cardiovascular disease risk factors adults at high risk of developing a heart-related disease.4: National Cattlemen's Beef Association (PI: Campbell) 09/01/2018-09/30/2021The effects of including beef in a plant-based eating pattern on cardiometabolic disease risk factors and overall consumer satisfactionIn this study, we propose to evaluate the effects of isocalorically substituting one serving/day of starchy vegetables and one serving/day of refined grains with lean unprocessed beef in a plant-based eating pattern on risk factors for cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, along with consumer satisfaction of the vegetarian and omnivorous diet patterns consumed. Stool samples are being collected for microbiota profiling.5: National Cattlemen's Beef Association (Co-PI: Carroll, Campbell)06/01/2020 - 05/31/2022Effect of incorporating lean beef into a protein-rich diet during a resistance training program on skeletal muscle and connective tissue strength and quality in older women.We will assess the effects of consuming a protein-rich U.S. Healthy Eating Pattern emphasizing lean beef, compared to a healthy, normal-protein, lower beef diet (control 1), and a healthy protein-rich, lower beef diet emphasizing non-beef/red meat protein (control 2) on resistance training-induced changes in muscle and tendon tissue size, strength, and quality in older women.
Project Methods
Objective 1: Predicting Health Outcomes of Mediterranean Diet via Metabolomics of Foods and BiospecimensThis project entails a step-wise strategy whereby the mechanistic effects of individual foods and dietary components on health can be delineated as follows: Step 1) identify molecular signatures of diet/food composites from typical Mediterranean-style (MED) and Westernized diets (WD); Step 2) identify biomarkers of MED and WD exposures in human biospecimens (e.g., plasma, urine, stool); Step 3) connect these signatures and biomarkers with health indicators, including gut microbiome, in human subjects; and Step 4) test these associations in a prospective clinical trial. This research leverages already available specimens (blood, urine, stool) from two randomized, controlled feeding trials of MED and WD. Measures of lipid profile, blood pressure, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, and other health indicators are available and will be associated with the comprehensive molecular metabolic profiles generated from this project.Objective 2: Effects of consuming unprocessed and processed red meat on the gut microbiome in young adultsFor this single-blind (investigator), randomized, crossover experiment, all subjects will complete a 24-week study period. Following a 5-wk pre-intervention baseline period, subjects will be randomly assigned to consume a controlled diet that either does not contain any red meat (lacto-ovo vegetarian, LOV), or contains unprocessed lean red meat, or contains processed lean red meat, for 3 weeks. After a 5-week dietary 'washout' period, they will consume one of the alternative diets for 3 weeks. After the second 5-week dietary 'washout' period, they will consume the remaining alternative diet for 3 weeks. Stool and fasting-state blood samples will be obtained at the end of study weeks 3,4,7,8,11,12,15,16,19,20,23, and 24, which correspond to before and during the last 2 weeks of the three 3-wk controlled diet periods. Consecutive 4-day 24-hour urine samples will be collected within the assessment weeks of each dietary 'washout' period and control diet period (study weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24). 16S rRNA sequencing will follow standard procedures. Targeted quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) will be performed using specific primers for bacterial subgroups that are most prevalent in the human gut and for expected low-abundant pathogens. Stool SCFA profile will be measured using HPLC.Objective 3: Effects of proportioning meats and plant-based protein-rich foods with the U.S. Healthy Eating Pattern on cardiovascular disease risk factors.Using a randomized, cross-over (balanced incomplete block) experimental design, Forty-eight middle-aged adults who are overweight and have high blood total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations will be recruited. Participants will consume a HEP - all foods provided - during 5-week controlled feeding periods. Each participant will complete two of the three controlled feeding periods, separated by four weeks when they will consume their usual unrestricted diet (washout). The HEP consumed during the controlled feeding periods will be the same except for the amounts of RM (1, 5, or 9, 3-oz servings/wk) and NSS (high, moderate, and low, with amounts adjusted to isocalorically offset changes in RM energy intakes). Poultry, egg and legume intakes will be the same among the three HEP. We will measure clinically important cardiovascular disease risk factors before (usual unrestricted diet) and during the last week of each HEP intervention. We will compare improvements in heart disease risk factors and consumer satisfaction among the three HEP.Objective 4: The effects of including beef in a plant-based eating pattern on cardiometabolic disease risk factors and overall consumer satisfactionForty overweight/obese adults aged 30-69 years, BMI 25 - 37 kg/m2, who are not currently following a healthy eating pattern, and are at high-risk for hypercholesterolemia (total and LDL cholesterol 200-259 and 130-189 mg/dL, respectively), will complete a 17-wk randomized crossover study. Participants will consume a weight maintenance Dietary Guidelines for Americans' Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern for two 5-wk periods separated by a 5-wk habitual self-selected eating pattern (i.e. a washout period). Cardiometabolic disease risk factors, with an emphasis on comprehensive blood lipid and lipoprotein assessments, will be measured at both baselines (during the participants' habitual self-selected eating pattern) and during the last week of each Dietary Guidelines for Americans' Healthy Vegetarian Eating Pattern intervention. We will also assess the participants' satisfaction with each eating pattern (using questionnaires) during the last week of each healthy eating pattern intervention.Objective 5: Effect of incorporating lean beef into a protein-rich diet during a resistance training program on skeletal muscle and connective tissue strength and quality in older women.For this randomized, parallel, controlled exercise and feeding trial, 45 older women (60-80 y) will complete a standardized 12-week progressive RT program emphasizing the thigh muscles. Subjects will be randomized to one of three groups: 1) a normal protein diet (0.8 g protein/kg/day) with total protein intake coming from a variety of animal- and plant-based sources, 2) a protein-rich diet (1.4 g protein/kg/day) with the additional protein content obtained from unprocessed lean beef, or 3) a protein-rich diet (1.4 g protein/kg/day) with the additional protein content obtained from a mixture of non-red meat animal sources and plant sources). Diets will be consistent with the U.S. Healthy Eating Pattern. Changes in skeletal muscle mass will be assessed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the quadriceps (thigh) muscles. Cross sectional area and quality along the entire length of the patellar tendon will be assessed via MRI. Whole patellar tendon and vastus lateralis aponeurosis mechanical properties will be assessed while subjects perform isometric quadriceps contraction to maximal effort. Force will be recorded via a strain-gauge load cell, while connective tissue strain will be assessed using an ultrasound probe.