Source: Kokua Kalihi Valley Comprehensive Family Services submitted to
PRODUCE PRESCRIPTION PILOT PROGRAM
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1024359
Grant No.
2020-70030-33126
Cumulative Award Amt.
$498,105.00
Proposal No.
2020-06706
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2020
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2024
Grant Year
2020
Program Code
[PPR]- Produce Prescription
Project Director
Lipman, J.
Recipient Organization
Kokua Kalihi Valley Comprehensive Family Services
2239 North School St.
Honolulu,HI 96819
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
The KKV PPR Pilot is a three-year program studying the use of fruit and vegetable prescriptions (FVRx) written by clinical providers for 210 very low-income patients with chronic medical conditions that are diet-related. The Pilot addresses critical issues of food insecurity brought about by poverty and urbanization for a largely Asian and Pacific Islander community with high rates of diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and other diseases. It aligns strongly with KKV's holistic approach, focusing on social determinants of health (SDOH) and on strong relationships between patients, their providers, and their community. This Pilot brings together two KKV programs, its primary care services and the Roots Food program, a cultural-based program that includes a café, organic gardens, food and cooking education, and a SNAP-authorized Food Hub that aggregates and sells produce from small local farmers. Its goal is to draw upon KKV's history of building trust between providers and patients to use FVRx prescriptions to build new agency among patients in managing their care and to underscore the importance of a healthy food system in uplifting the community's health. The Roots staff will work with clinical partners to provide curriculum based on cooking, indigenous Pacific Islander diets, and will provide engagement opportunities for gardening and learning from the land. Through this program, KKV will build data acquired from multiple channels, including an indigenous-based evaluation system, to substantiate an approach to healthcare that emphasizes SDOH.
Animal Health Component
34%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
33%
Applied
34%
Developmental
33%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
70350101010100%
Knowledge Area
703 - Nutrition Education and Behavior;

Subject Of Investigation
5010 - Food;

Field Of Science
1010 - Nutrition and metabolism;
Goals / Objectives
KKV's PPR project has the following Goals:To Increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables by low-income patients with chronic health conditions;To Integrate KKV's Clinical care services and the Roots Food Hub;To Provide Deep educational opportunities around nutrition and cultural foods and Broad access to healthier foods;To Uplift and Build food agency among patients with chronic conditions and their families;To Support and sustain local organic farm partners; andTo Develop evaluation protocols and build data with respect to food and health for chronic care patients and their families around social determinants of health.
Project Methods
KKV estimates a relatively short Planning phase for the PPR pilot program because we have been testing an informal emergency food Rx program with the Covid 19 pandemic. This has established a protocol and collaborative engagement between KKV clinical staff and the Roots Food Hub, and because the Covid emergency program at KKV known as Hui Hoaka has redeployed staff from various programs to assist in providing emergency food support, there is a broad and growing understanding of community needs and simultaneously better understanding of cultural conditions and values that will help KKV carry out the PPR program more effectively.Design of PPR Pilot Program:The KKV Clinical team and Roots Food Hub team will work together to design the PPR pilot program for the first three months; the teams will identify any training needed to ensure staff are able to manage the pilot program. The program design will focus on making the Rx process of writing prescriptions and fulfilling them as easy as possible for all staff involved. Additionally, the design phase will address the educational components, including nutrition education provided by clinical staff; and food/ cultural food education, cooking/food preparation, and farming education provided by the Roots Food Hub. At the end of this period, Clinical staff will have Rx forms, as well as an understanding of how to integrate this into the care of their patients. Roots Food Hub will have a means for staff to fulfill the prescriptions, track the fulfillment, and assist patients in renewing their prescriptions.Additionally, KKV will have developed a menu of educational programs to offer to patients participating in the PPR pilot program.Selection and Recruitment of PPR Patients:During the first two months, KKV's Clinical team will identify and recruit patients who they believe will benefit from and participate in the PPR pilot program. KKV will verify whether patients have a SNAP/Medicaid card; are enrolled under a State plan under title XIX of the Social Security Act; or are a member of a low-income household suffering from (or at risk for) a diet-related condition. Staff will also identify these patients within their EMR and determine specific dietary requirements, family size, and other issues that will impact success of the program.Food Hub Organized Capacity to fulfill FVRx:To ensure the Roots Food Hub is ready to fulfill FVRx, Roots must prepare staffing and farm partners. Through Hui Hoaka, the Roots team has established a process to order produce from farmers, pick up some of the produce (some will be delivered), sort, price, weigh and bag, inventory, and sell the produce. At present, some of these activities are done with the help of volunteers from other KKV departments who have been redeployed because of Covid.During the first two months, Roots must put in place the staffing to ensure that the F&V required to fulfill prescriptions is available on a weekly basis. Roots must train employees to process FVRx and to work with patients who are redeeming these. Additionally, Roots must coordinate with farmers to make sure that KKV has the types of produce required for the different types of patients.Clarify and Establish Evaluation Protocols:KKV's Clinical team will put in place coding for EMR to track participation, prescriptions, and questions regarding diet and health. At the same time, Roots Food Hub will develop tracking for FVRx prescriptions, fulfillment, and renewals. KKV's evaluation team, working together with Clinical and Roots, will focus on the patients and their families through surveys.Clinical Visit:By month 3, KKV will enroll patients in the PPR pilot program. KKV will verify whether patients have a SNAP/Medicaid card; are enrolled under a State plan under title XIX of the Social Security Act; or are a member of a low-income household suffering from (or at risk for) a diet related condition. Because the PPR pilot is new for KKV, the plan is to start with a smaller group of patients - 60 in Year 1 and to increase the number of patients added to the program each year. Year 2 would add 70 patients, and Year 3 would see an additional 80 patients. The goal is to use Year 1 to develop staff capacity and knowledge in order to make the most of the PPR program. Some patients may only participate for one year, while others may be extended through the entire three-year pilot.The initial Clinical visit will ask patients if they are interested in participating in the pilot PPR study and introduce the program benefits and participation requirements. Requirements will include nutritional counseling visits and any follow up health care provider visits required, where to redeem prescriptions, how to renew, and evaluation.The provider will enter information into the EMR, issue the FVRx, and administer a pre-program survey, as well as collect health metrics (BMI, height, weight, BP), and assess F & V consumption.During each patient's return visit, Clinical staff collects health metrics and assesses F & V consumption. Providers also survey patients about their families and about the FVRx program.Fulfillment of FVRx:Roots Food Hub staff receives the initial FVRx and logs the patient into a database set up to track prescriptions. We anticipate that Roots staff will organize the Food Hub prescription produce into four F&V categories: 1) Roots and starches; 2) Greens; 3) Fruits; and 4) Herbs and immune-potent items. Each category of patient Rx, whether diabetic, obese and diabetic, immune compromised, etc. will have a specific array of produce bags that are pre-bagged by Roots staff. When a patient comes to fulfill her FVRx, Roots will provide her with the quantity allotted to her family and the specific F & V bag types designated to her specific condition.By establishing specific categories of bagged produce, Roots will have the capacity to fulfill FVRx prescriptions on certain days of the week and during certain hours. Patients will not be able to alter the contents of their produce bags, nor will they be able to partially redeem prescriptions in order to save up for a larger quantity of food later in the month. In this way, Roots will be able to manage orders and track quantities of F & V they purchase for the program. Additionally, Roots will work with Clinical staff quarterly to assess how the Rx program is working, and whether patients need additional support for particular food items.Education of PPR Patients and Families:KKV uses the Cohort or Affinity group structure for many educational activities and programs. Clinical staff have access to various Diabetes groups, Senior groups, and other cohorts that meet weekly, monthly and quarterly. This structure will incorporate nutritional counseling. KKV also has access to a 100-acre nature preserve and Roots farms at the preserve and at a community garden behind the main clinic. Programs frequently are run within the garden setting, including planting, harvesting, and other garden activities.Roots has developed an array of cultural food programs for families and patients of all ages. These are based in indigenous practices an engage people around cooking, eating, growing food, and connecting with the land. For this reason, Roots staff will take an active role in developing curriculum for the PPR pilot program as well as leading classes and activities for patients.KKV Clinical and Roots evaluators will work with each team to ensure that data is being collected, to assist with preparing and collecting surveys, and to coordinate data evaluation.

Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23

Outputs
Target Audience:The majority of participants are public housing residents in Kalihi Valley, and primarily Asian American or Pacific Islander. Participants conform to the following eligibility criteria: • All participants are adults (18+ years old). • All participants are current KKV medical patients OR living in a household which has at least one current KKV medical patient with at least one of the following diet-related diagnoses: hypertension, obesity, prediabetes, diabetes or cardiovascular disease. • All participants agree to fill out the USDA baseline and post participant survey. • All participants who are current KKV medical or dental patients receive a referral to the PPR program from their KKV medical or dental provider. • All participants who are not KKV medical patients reside with at least one current KKV medical or dental patient who has received a referral to the PPR program from their KKV medical provider. • All participants are considered low income as designated by household income and the federal poverty line. This will be verified by: a) documentation in KKV's EMD if they are KKV patients and eligible for our sliding fee scale; b) are currently receiving SNAP benefits, or eligible for SNAP benefits by other means-tested mechanisms (e.g., participation in WIC or HeadStart); c) are enrolled under a State plan under title XIX of the Social Security Act; or d) currently living in low-income public housing. • All participants are residents of Kalihi Valley or adjacent zip codes (96701, 96813, 96817, 96818, 96819, 96822) as determined by KKV's Community Health Workers in order to qualify for produce prescription delivery, or residents of any other Oahu zip code to enroll in produce prescription (pick-up only). • All participants have at least one member in their household that can communicate in English. Changes/Problems:As previously noted, we intend to partner with Farmlink produce delivery service during calendar year 2024, in order to reach more households via contactless produce prescription delivery. Previously, we have been unable to significantly increase enrollment due to insufficient person-power to fulfill all weekly home deliveries. By partnering with a delivery provider, we will be able to reduce the delivery burden on our staff, so that they can focus on other program activities such as screening and enrollment procedures.? What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?KKV's Food Hub staff provide ongoing advisement to local farm producers on what produce items are most in demand in our community, so that they can plant their crops accordingly.? How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?During this reporting period, we requested and received a no cost extension for our GusNIP award. We intend to double overall program enrollment in calendar year 2024 to expend remaining funds and reach the greatest number of program participants. As of November 2023, we have established a partnership with Farmlink produce delivery service to facilitate prescription fulfillment for participating households, while remaining in compliance with our IRB's mandate for contactless delivery as the preferred method of delivery.?

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. To Increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables by low-income patients with chronic health conditions; During this reporting period, the produce prescription program has continued to provide service to up to 119 participants enrolled under the GusNIP funding source. Our prescription program was designed to promote longevity of participation, and we are pleased to report that some of our GusNIP cohort participants have been enrolled for as long as 27 months as of November 2023. Participants also completed their 2023 post surveys in June and July 2023. NTAE will receive this data and provide analysis of any increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. 2. To Integrate KKV's Clinical care services and the Roots Food Hub; The Roots Food Hub and clinical care services have continued to strengthen linkages established through implementation of this program, primarily through regular check-in meetings between Hub staff and our KKV community health workers. 3. To Provide Deep educational opportunities around nutrition and cultural foods and Broad access to healthier foods; KKV's community health workers provide ongoing, meaningful engagement with program participants during weekly deliveries. KKV staff talk with participants to learn about their perceptions of the produce Rx program, to discuss any issues or questions participants have with the produce they are receiving, and to educate participants on nutrition, cooking techniques, and recipes. 4. To Uplift and Build food agency among patients with chronic conditions and their families; Rx program staff continue to prioritize enrollment of multiple eligible people within a single household, to encourage and provide an opportunity for a culture of healthy eating across multiple household members. We believe that this strategy encourages a stronger mutual support network for lasting dietary changes. 5. To Support and sustain local organic farm partners; and During this reporting period, the Roots Food Hub has partnered with 33 local, sustainable farms for provision of healthy produce to our Kalihi community. Across all Roots programming, Roots has purchased 63,000 pounds of produce during this reporting period. 6. To Develop evaluation protocols and build data with respect to food and health for chronic care patients and their families around social determinants of health During this reporting period, program staff successfully worked to link data across program and medical databases for a limited cohort of participants, reflecting our first success at examining produce program impact on medical outcomes for KKV patients. We will continue to work towards more efficient data linkage protocols.

Publications


    Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22

    Outputs
    Target Audience:During this reporting period, our project enrolled 170 participants into the GusNIP program. The majority of participants are public housing residents in Kalihi Valley, and primarily Asian American or Pacific Islander. Participants conform to the following eligibility criteria: • All participants are adults (18+ years old). • All participants are current KKV medical patients OR living in a household which has at least one current KKV medical patient with at least one of the following diet-related diagnoses: hypertension, obesity, prediabetes, diabetes or cardiovascular disease. • All participants agree to fill out the USDA baseline and post participant survey. • All participants who are current KKV medical or dental patients receive a referral to the PPR program from their KKV medical or dental provider. • All participants who are not KKV medical patients reside with at least one current KKV medical or dental patient who has received a referral to the PPR program from their KKV medical provider. • All participants are considered low income as designated by household income and the federal poverty line. This will be verified by: a) documentation in KKV's EMD if they are KKV patients and eligible for our sliding fee scale; b) are currently receiving SNAP benefits, or eligible for SNAP benefits by other means-tested mechanisms (e.g., participation in WIC or HeadStart); c) are enrolled under a State plan under title XIX of the Social Security Act; or d) currently living in low-income public housing. • All participants are residents of Kalihi Valley or adjacent zip codes (96701, 96813, 96817, 96818, 96819, 96822) as determined by KKV's Community Health Workers in order to qualify for produce prescription delivery, or residents of any other Oahu zip code to enroll in produce prescription (pick-up only). • All participants have at least one member in their household that can communicate in English. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?KKV's Food Hub staff providing ongoing advisement to local farm producers on what produce items are most in demand in our community, so that they can plant their crops accordingly. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Enrollment is continuing. As program enrollment increases, our program is exploring solutions to address logistical challenges, such as staggering delivery days to program participants, and multiple deliveries from our farm partners per week.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? 1. To Increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables by low-income patients with chronic health conditions; During this reporting period, 170 new participants were enrolled under this funding source. Over this one year period, almost 32,500 pounds of produce were delivered to program participants. Participants also completed their post surveys in June and July 2022. NTAE will receive this data and provide analysis of any increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. 2. To Integrate KKV's Clinical care services and the Roots Food Hub; The Roots Food Hub and clinical care services have developed the following new linkages during the course of implementing the produce prescription program: Weekly or monthly Rx program coordination meetings with management staff (clinical and non-clinical) Bi-annual meetings with all Rx program implementation staff to identify challenges, learn from successes, and discuss logistics Presentations to all clinical care providers on the Rx program and other Roots food support availability 3. To Provide Deep educational opportunities around nutrition and cultural foods and Broad access to healthier foods; KKV's community health workers provide ongoing, meaningful engagement with program participants during weekly deliveries. KKV staff talk with participants to learn about their perceptions of the produce Rx program, to discuss any issues or questions participants have with the produce they are receiving, and to educate participants on nutrition, cooking techniques, and recipes. 4. To Uplift and Build food agency among patients with chronic conditions and their families; By design, Rx program staff attempt to enroll multiple eligible people within a single household, so that multiple members of the social unit are addressing their health via improved nutrition. The goal is to foster an environment of group engagement with healthy eating, to provide mutual support and encouragement. We believe this builds a feeling of agency and reciprocal affirmation. 5. To Support and sustain local organic farm partners; and Roots' Food Hub manager is in constant contact with our existing network of farm partners to understand what crops are currently available and what will soon be coming into season; and to provide feedback about what crops our community would prefer, to inform farmers' future crop selection. Moreover, our manager also solicits recommendations from our partner network about other Oahu farms that might like to join our farm network, as our weekly demand for produce grows along with our enrollment numbers. We are currently partnered with 32 local farms. 6. To Develop evaluation protocols and build data with respect to food and health for chronic care patients and their families around social determinants of health Program staff are working to improve database architecture to facilitate easier access to research data for analysis.

    Publications


      Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21

      Outputs
      Target Audience:The target audience of this intervention are patients ofKokua Kalihi Valley Comprehensive Services(currently92.97% of whom are Asian American/Pacific Islander)and their families who are low-income asdetermined by means-tested mechanisms and who have or are at risk for diet-related chronic disease. During this reporting period only, we successfully enrolled 5 community members belonging to our target audience. Changes/Problems:Our original proposal anticipated a relatively short planning phase (several months), followed by implementation. However, the IRB approval process significantly delayed our program launch date. Initial enrollments did not occur until August 2021. We have previously submitted and received approval for a budget modification reflecting the lack of incentives expenditure during our first project year. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?KKV's Food Hub staff providing ongoing advisement to local farm producers on what produce items are most in demand in our community, so that they can plant their crops accordingly. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Enrollment is ongoing, and logistical challenges are being addressed as they are encountered. KKV is rapidly building out the collaborative framework for program execution.

      Impacts
      What was accomplished under these goals? During this reporting period, KKV enrolled 5 participants into the produce prescription program, and fulfilled one week of produce distribution to said participants. Baseline surveys have been completed, but post surveys have not, so we are unable to demonstrate an increase in produce consumption. KKV has developed new protocols between the Roots Program and KKV's clinical care services to refer, screen, enroll, and distribute produce to program participants. New protocols will facilitate broad access to healthier foods for program participants and their households. Deep educational opportunities are being developed. KKV is building food agency for program participants by presenting ongoing opportunities for feedback on produce preferences andtailoring produce prescription boxes to those preferences. Additionally, KKV is uplifting meaningful cultural foodways by priotizing the inclusion of cultural significant and familiar produce, particularly cultural starches that are otherwise prohibitively expensive for many community members. KKV is currently partnered with 30 small local farms for the provision of fresh produce. KKV's survey instruments collect qualitative and quantitative data on the impact of produce prescription program enrollment on program participants. Additionally, KKV is requesting access to the medical records of program participants who are also KKV patients, for later analysis.

      Publications