Progress 10/01/20 to 09/30/23
Outputs Target Audience:Target audiences include dairy product manufacturers, food safety & regulatory agencies, and healthcare professionals. Efforts include news & media outlets, laboratory and classroom instruction, thesis defense, manuscript publication, scientific abstract writing and presentation, presentation to Southern California IFT, and outreach to populations underrepresented in food and nutrition sciences according to national survey data. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?
Nothing Reported
What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
IMPACT Although most newborns in the US receive human milk as nutrition in accordance with best practices and recommendations,more than one-third are introduced to a bovine milk based formula within the first two days of birth. Newborns then are reliant on bovine milk nutrition since continued feeding of formula persists until weaning. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are newly identified bioactive compounds present in milk that impact growth and development processes such as regulation of immune function. Processing steps in commerical infant formula production such a pasteurization and homeogenization can affect the content, composition, and functionality of EVs in milk. It is the goal of this research to understand how processing techniques for bovine milk affect the content and composition of EVs. This research aims to 1) provide an understanding of how processing affects the nutritional value of newly identified bioactive compounds in milk, and 2) provide new information that manufacturers of formulas can use to narrow the compositional gap between human and bovine milks in order to achieve optimal health of newborns. The results from this study will provide baseline data that can be used to optimize processing parameters to improve nutrition while maintaining food safety; and inform the larger project goal of evaluating how EVs from processed bovine milk impact intestinal cell physiology and the gut microbiome in an in vivo model. Ultimately, the significance of this research resides in decreasing the disparity in health outcomes between newborns fed infant formula and those fed human milk. For corresponding objectives, this is the progress: 1. Completed in previous reporting period. 2. We have determinedthe effects of processing (pasteurization, homogenization) on lipid (oxylipin) content in extracellular vesicles from bovine milk. Data analysis is ongoing. In the previous reporting period, we completed the determination of milk processing on the content of protein and miRNA in EVs from bovine milk. 3. We have determined the effects of processing (Holder pasteurization) on lipid (oxylipin) content in extracellular vesicles from human milk for the purpose of comparing to bovine milk. Data analysis is ongoing. The main outcoe/impact/significance of progress to date is a change in knowledge. We have come to understand that conventional processing techniques used for bovine milk food safety may decrease the content of bioactive extracellular vesicles. The effect is specific to subtypes of vesicles with lower membrane protein contet.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Extracellular vesicles from bovine milk mitigate the LPS-induced reduction in gut barrier integrity in C2BBe1 cells. Skolnick J, Miklavcic JJ. 2023. ISEV Annual Meeting. Seattle WA.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Homogenization and thermal processing reduce the concentration of extracellular vesicles in bovine milk. Colella A, Prakash A, Miklavcic JJ. Food Science & Nutrition. 2023; 00: 1-10. DOI: 10.1002.fsn3.3749.
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Progress 10/01/21 to 09/30/22
Outputs Target Audience:Target audiences include dairy product manufacturers, food safety & regulatory agencies,and healthcare professionals. Efforts include laboratory instruction, experiential learning opportunities, thesis defense, scientific abstract writing and presentation, and outreach to populations underrepresented in food and nutrition sciences according to national survey data. Changes/Problems:Developing a lipidomics platform for the analysis of oxylipins has been challenging. Therefore, the aid of an expert collaborator in lipidomics profilingat UC Davis has been engaged to help conduct this aspect of the research study. As a result, we will not have to change any of the proposed objectives. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training activities. One-on-one mentorship of twograduate students with mentor (PD). Onegraduate studentslearned how to use food processing equipment: microthermics, pasteurizer, milk composition analyzer, milk particle size analyzer. Professional development. One graduate thesis student has visited a milk processing facility. Student has also attended and presented research findings an annual Institute of Food Technologists meeting. Two students presented research at Research Day hosted by the Children's Hospital of Orange County. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Two research abstracts havebeen presented at a Research Dayhosted by the Children's Hospital of Orange County. The research has allowed for two new Material Transfer Agreements to be set up between industry members and the PD. For these new partnerships, the PD has been provided with an enriched lipid milk product and human milk samples for compositional analysis and human clinical trials. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Analyze the oxylipin composition of extracellular vesicles from human and bovine milk after industrial processing has been applied (homogenization, pasteurization). Isolate extracellular vesicles from processed milk. Characterize oxylipins in theextracellular vesicles isolated frommilk. Analyze data, synthesizeresults. ?Report findings in two scientific publications. Share knowledge with stakeholders.
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
IMPACT Although most newborns in the US receive human milk as nutrition in accordance with best practices and recommendations, more than one-third are introduced to a bovine milk based formula within the first two days of birth. Newborns then are reliant on bovine milk nutrition since continued feeding of formula persists until weaning. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are newly identified bioactive compounds present in milk that impact growth and development processes such as regulation of immune function. Processing steps in commerical infant formula production such a pasteurization and homeogenization can affect the content, composition, and functionality of EVs in milk. It is the goal of this research to understand how processing techniques for bovine milk affect the content and composition of EVs. This research aims to 1) provide an understanding of how processing affects the nutritional value of newly identified bioactive compounds in milk, and 2) provide new information that manufacturers of formulas can use to narrow the compositional gap between human and bovine milks in order to achieve optimal health of newborns. The results from this study will provide baseline data that can be used to optimize processing parameters to improve nutrition while maintaining food safety; and inform the larger project goal of evaluating how EVs from processed bovine milk impact intestinal cell physiology and the gut microbiome in an in vivo model. Ultimately, the significance of this research resides in decreasing the disparity in health outcomes between newborns fed infant formula and those fed human milk. For corresponding objectives, this is the progress: 1. Completed in previous reporting period. 2. We are actively determining the effects of processing (pasteurization, homogenization) on lipid (oxylipin) content in extracellular vesicles from bovine milk. We have developed a method for qualitiative and quantitative oxylipin analysis. We have liaised with an expert in oxylipin metabolism at UC Davis to aid in analysis and interpretation.In the previous reporting period, we completed the determination of milk processing on the content of protein and miRNA in EVs from bovine milk. 3. We are actively determining the effects of processing (Holder pasteurization) on lipid (oxylipin) content in extracellular vesicles from humanmilk for the purpose of comparing to bovine milk.We have developed a method for qualitiative and quantitative oxylipin analysis. We have liaised with an expert in oxylipin metabolism at UC Davis to aid in analysis and interpretation. The main outomce/impact/significance of progress to date is a change in knowledge. We have come to understand that conventional processing techniques used for bovine milk food safety may decrease the content of bioactive extracellular vesicles.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
"Oxylipin Content of Extracellular Vesicles in Human Milk." Estrada I, Prakash A, Miklavcic J. CHOC Research Day.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
"Extracellular vesicles from bovine milk mitigate the LPS-induced reduction in gut barrier integrity in C2BBe1 cells." Skolnick J, Prakash A, Miklavcic J. CHOC Research Day.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Colella, A.P. (2021). The impact of processing on the content and composition of bovine milk extracellular vesicles. Master's thesis, Chapman University. https://doi.org/10.36837/chapman.000309
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Isolation and verification of extracellular vesicles from raw bovine milk. Colella A, Prakash A, Miklavcic JJ. Journal of Dairy Science.
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Progress 10/01/20 to 09/30/21
Outputs Target Audience:Target audiences include dairy product manufacturers and healthcare professionals. Efforts include laboratory instruction, and experiential learning opportunities, thesis defense, scientific abstract presentation. Changes/Problems:Objectives of the research stated that we are investigating how common industry food processing techniques impact the content and composition of extracellular vesicles in bovine milk. Although extracellular vesicles are simple of isolate from raw bovine milk, industrial processing alters fat particle size and results in compositional changes to the milk that appear as debris and interfere with the isolation of extracellular vesicles. We will require procuring larger volumes of bovine milk to complete the project, and are confident to complete the project within the originally specified timeline. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training activities. One-on-one mentorship of 3 graduate students with mentor (PD). Two graduate thesis students have learned how to use food processing equipment: microthermics, pasteurizer, milk composition analyzer, milk particle size analyzer. Professional development. One graduate thesis student has visited a milk processing facility. Student has also attended and presented research findings an annual Institute of Food Technologists meeting. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?A graduate thesis has been published in the Chapman University Leatherby libraries and a research abstract has been presented at the annual Institute of Food Technologists meeting. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Analyze the content and composition of EVs from bovine milk after industrial processing has been applied (homogenization, heat). 1. obtain raw bovine milk 2. process milk in pilot scale plant. 3. isolate EVs from processed milk. 4. characterize EVs in milk. 5. analyze data, synthesis results. 6. report findings in scientific publication.
Impacts What was accomplished under these goals?
Although most newborns in the US receive human milk as nutrition in accordance with best practices and recommendations, more than one-third are introduced to a bovine milk based formula within the first two days of birth. Newborns then are reliant on bovine milk nutrition since continued feeding of formula persists until weaning. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are newly identified bioactive compounds present in milk that impact growth and development processes such as regulation of immune function. Processing steps in commerical infant formula production such a pasteurization and homeogenization can affect the content, composition, and functionality of EVs in milk. It is the goal of this research to understand how processing techniques for bovine milk affect the content and composition of EVs. This research aims to 1) provide an understanding of how processing affects the nutritional value of newly identified bioactive compounds in milk, and 2) provide new information that manufacturers of formulas can use to narrow the compositional gap between human and bovine milks in order to achieve optimal health of newborns. The results from this study will provide baseline data that can be used to optimize processing parameters to improve nutrition while maintaining food safety; and inform the larger project goal of evaluating how EVs from processed bovine milk impact intestinal cell physiology and the gut microbiome in an in vivo model. Ultimately, the significance of this research resides in decreasing the disparity in health outcomes between newborns fed infant formula and those fed human milk. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of food processing on bovine milk EV content (number, size, population distribution). To determine the effect of food processing on bovine milk EV composition (protein, miRNA, lipid). To compare the content and composition between bovine and human milk EVs. For corresponding objectives, this is the progress: 1. Determined the contentof EVs in raw bovine milk. Collected data, and obtained results on EV number and size. 2. Determined the composition of EVs in raw bovine milk.Collected data, and obtained results on EV protein and miRNA content. 3. Determined the content of EV in human milk.Collected data, and obtained results on EV number,size, protein and miRNA content. The main outomce/impact/significance of progress to date is a change in knowledge: the validation of a methodologic technique to isolate EVs from raw bovine milk.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
"The content and composition of extracellular vesicles in raw bovine milk. Colella AP, Prakash A, Miklavcic JJ. 2021. IFT21, Chicago IL.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Colella, A.P. (2021). The impact of processing on the content and composition of bovine milk extracellular vesicles. Master's thesis, Chapman University. https://doi.org/10.36837/chapman.000309
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Isolation and verification of extracellular vesicles from raw bovine milk. Colella A, Prakash A, Miklavcic JJ. Journal of Food Science.
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