Source: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS submitted to NRP
FARAD, AKA FOOD ANIMAL RESIDUE AVOIDANCE DATABANK
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
OTHER GRANTS
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1023958
Grant No.
2020-41480-32518
Cumulative Award Amt.
$845,000.00
Proposal No.
2020-08540
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2020
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2022
Grant Year
2020
Program Code
[FARAD]- Food An. Res. Avoidance Database,FARAD
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS
410 MRAK HALL
DAVIS,CA 95616-8671
Performing Department
Vm: Medicine & Epidemiology
Non Technical Summary
The Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD) is a collaborative university-based food safety program that is coordinated and delivered by veterinary faculty and staff at several US colleges of veterinary medicine. Throughout its 38 years of existence, FARAD has continued to evolve to meet the ever changing demands of providing accurate, timely and reliable service to both the veterinary profession and food animal industry stakeholders. At present, the program is managed through a very close collaboration of personnel at the University of California-Davis (UCD), University of Florida (UF), North Carolina State University (NCSU), Kansas State University (KSU) and Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine (VM).
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
71139101180100%
Knowledge Area
711 - Ensure Food Products Free of Harmful Chemicals, Including Residues from Agricultural and Other Sources;

Subject Of Investigation
3910 - Cross-commodity research--multiple animal species;

Field Of Science
1180 - Pharmacology;
Goals / Objectives
The 2020-2021 FARAD project year will continue to be focused on the essential call centertasks including answering extra-label withdrawal requests, updating and expanding theresources available to call responders, maintaining the call center database and index resourcepage, extracting and cataloging pharmacokinetic data from published literature and updatingand developing educational tools for veterinarians and the public posted on the FARAD website. Specific to this year, we will be writing a digest on drug use with bee colonies, finish SQLconversion of the BibKin Finder interface, continue work to convert all of the antique data(before SQL conversion) over to the new database, and start the process of developing artificialintelligence techniques to extract pharmacokinetic data from the literature and to predictwithdrawal interval recommendations. In addition, we will continue to investigate options foran interface for inputting extracted pharmacokinetic parameters from studies wherephysiologically based or population- based models have been fit to data. Other tasks willinclude the UC Davis Pharmacy Fellow to get experience at UC Davis with pharmaceuticalrelated issues for food animals.In addition to the call center activities (answering extra label use questions), we will continue to expand our efforts on educating small animal veterinarians regarding extra label drug use in backyard poultry, continue to assist veterinarians nationwide to understand the new veterinary feed directive rules, and provide California veterinarians with resources to conform with the new Senate Bill 27. Educationalfocused activities will be to develop curricula for pharmacists so that they are more aware ofpractices in veterinary medicine. Given the veterinary feed directive legislation and theCalifornia Senate Bill 27, the need for veterinary pharmacists is imperative for drug distributionand oversight in the future.
Project Methods
FARAD performs a broad array of programmatic functions, but key among these are the collection, evaluation, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of information related to the depletion of drugs and other chemicals in edible products derived from food-producing animal species. The underlying activities that support these functions are carried out through multi-layered and complimentary approaches that are coordinated by the FARAD centers located at UCD, NCSU, UF, KSU and VM. At UCD, FARAD personnel search the peer-reviewed scientific literature plus numerous other information resources for data pertaining to the depletion or elimination from food producing animals of all classes of small molecule entities. Relevant information is extracted, modeled, and entered into a computer-based archival databank that is readily searchable for customized information retrieval. Because there are many factors that can influence how rapidly an animal eliminates a chemical residue; information about diet, age, gender, breed and disease status are taken into consideration.

Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/22

Outputs
Target Audience:The Food Animal Residue Avoidance and Depletion (FARAD) program has a human food safety focus with services to veterinarians. The target audience for this program is livestock owners, producers, regulators, and veterinarians (private practice and state). The goal of the program is residue avoidance in human food products by providing livestock owners, producers, extension specialists, scientists, and veterinarians with information to prevent drug, pesticide, and environmental contaminant residues in food animal products that are intended for human consumption. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A graduate student (Marta Guitez), food animal residents, and a pharmacy fellow (Dr. Emily Toney; maiden name Dr. Emily Richards) have learned about the rules and regulations surrounding extra-label drug use and the pharmacokinetic distribution of veterinary drugs from a residue standpoint. Dr. Emily Toney (maiden name, Dr. Emily Richards; PharmD) completed her food animal pharmacy fellowship during this period. She is not employed as a PharmD for the UC Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. She is one of three PharmD's that are in academia and trained specifically in food animal medicine drug use. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Information is shared with communities of interest via answers to ELDU questions, journal publications, information posted on the FARAD web site, and scientific presentations. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue to provide service to producers and veterinarians regarding on label and extra label drug use. Maximize availability of educational materials regarding residue avoidance.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The main programmatic accomplishments during this period were answering drug residue inquiries (9/1/2021-8/31/2022: 4,372 specific inquiries directly impacting 3.1 million animals) and updating and maintaining the pharmacokinetic, bibliographic, and call submission databases. FARAD telephone, email and web-based inquiries were answered on a rotating basis between UC Davis, North Carolina State University and Virginia Tech University. UC Davis continued collecting bibliographic citations that contain pharmacokinetic data from live animal studies. There was an ongoing process of adding new citations to the end note library. Between 9/1/2021-8/31/2022, 254 citation and 1,009 kinetic records were added, and 1,594 kinetic records were modified to expand the recorded data. Other extraction efforts included going back into the database and modifying kinetic records for accuracy and completeness focusing on small ruminants. For all citation and kinetic records, active ingredients and species were targeted for which FARAD gets the most submissions and for active ingredients that are being used extensively for ELDU. Citations were assigned a designation of importance then extracted and the pharmacokinetic data added to the database. The data extraction that UC Davis performs is crucial for developing residue avoidance algorithms and for responders to estimate withdrawal interval recommendations. Accomplishments for modifications of the on-line applications and the databases themselves during this review period included the following: New or redesigned biblio features Create a biblio record from XML data and upload the associated PDF file. Edit existing biblio records. View records by extraction status Mass upload PDF documents for biblio records. New or redesigned kin entry features Create/edit kin entry records. Edited/modified related features such as entering new species, breed, route, matrix, drug, and disease names. Added conversion dropdown/boxes for the data that needs unit conversions. Re-designed table data for compartmental/non-compartmental data. For the analytical laboratory standpoint, the number and types of samples analyzed included: OTC Milk - 96; Bupivacaine Goat- 205; Florfenicol Goat- 383; Ivermectin Chicken- 585; Total - 1269.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Riad MH, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Davis JL, Maunsell FP, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Developing a web-based iPBPK interface to estimate withdrawal intervals for florfenicol and florfenicol amine in sheep and goats. Annual Meeting of Southeastern Society of Toxicology (SESOT), Virtual (November 18-19).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Carreño Gútiez M, Martinez-Lopez B, Tell LA. Statistical approaches for establishing withdrawal interval recommendations for fenbendazole in pheasants. Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases, Chicago, IL (December 4-7).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: January 29, Richards ED, Pereira RV, Clapham, MO Wetzlich SE and Tell LA. Extra-label use of florfenicol (Nuflor) in does. UC Davis Department of Animal Science and UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine Goat Day 2022, Davis, CA (Virtual).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: February 10, Tell, LA. Extra-label drug use in free-ranging wildlife: rules, regulations, & realities. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine: Animal Welfare Challenges in Research and Education on Wildlife, Non-Model Animal Species and Biodiversity Workshop, Washington, DC (Virtual).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Chou WC, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Davis JL, Maunsell FP, Riviere JE, Lin Z. An Interactive Generic Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (igPBPK) Modeling Platform to Predict Drug Withdrawal Intervals in Cattle and Swine: A Case Study on Flunixin, Florfenicol, and Penicillin G. Toxicol Sci. 2022 Jul 28;188(2):180-197. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfac056. PMID: 35642931; PMCID: PMC9333411.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Richards ED, Pereira RV, Davis JL, Rowe JD, Clapham MO, Wetzlich SE, Rupchis BA, Tell LA. Comparison of florfenicol depletion in dairy goat milk using ultra- performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and a commercial on-farm test. Front Vet Sci. 2022 Aug 29;9:991772. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.991772. PMID: 36105005; PMCID: PMC9465015.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: March 2, Tell, LA. Drug residue study approaches for poultry and small ruminants. International Atomic Energy Agency Depletion of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals and Radiometric Analysis of their Residues in Animal Matrices, Vienna, Austria (Virtual).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rumbeiha WK, Tell L, McNabb B, Lima F, Urbano T, Watson K, Flaws J. Characterizing a large animal model to study neonatal effects of bromide in humans. The Society of Toxicology (SOT) Meeting, San Diego, CA (March 27-31).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Extra-label drug use in food producing animals: FARAD and FAQ, Society of Veterinary Hospital Pharmacists Annual Conference, Rohnert Park, CA (June 14).
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Updated: https://cafarad.ucdavis.edu/RapidAssay/rapidassay.aspx
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Riad MH, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Davis JL, Maunsell FP, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Predicting florfenicol and florfenicol amine tissue distribution and estimating withdrawal intervals in market-age sheep and goats using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Proceedings for the 61st Annual Meeting of Society of Toxicology, San Diego, CA. The Toxicologist, Supplement to Toxicological Sciences (March 27-31), 186(S1): 293.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Yuan L, Chou WC, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Davis JL, Maunsell FP, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Development and application of a web-based interactive physiologically based pharmacokinetic (iPBPK) model for meloxicam in broiler chickens and laying hens. The 61st Annual Meeting of Society of Toxicology, San Diego, CA. The Toxicologist, Supplement to Toxicological Sciences (March 27-31), 186(S1): 292.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Chou WC, Cheng YH, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Maunsell FP, Davis JL, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Development of an interactive physiologically based pharmacokinetic (iPBPK) modeling platform to predict meat and milk residues and withdrawal intervals for perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in beef and dairy cattle. The 61st Annual Meeting of Society of Toxicology, San Diego, CA. The Toxicologist, Supplement to Toxicological Sciences (March 27-31), 186(S1): 304.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Richards ED, Pereira RV, Davis JL, Clapham MO, Wetzlich SE, Tell LA. Florfenicol milk and tissue depletion profiles following subcutaneous administration to goats. American Academy of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics Student Research Symposium (May 20).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Tell, LA. Insights on How WDI Recommendations are Established for Backyard Poultry Following Extra-Label Drug Use. Pac Vet Conference, San Francisco, CA (June 2).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Tell, LA. Extra-label drug use in backyard poultry: specific examples and cases. Pac Vet Conference, San Francisco, CA (June 2).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Tell, LA. The ins and outs of extra-label drug use in small ruminants (Invited). Pac Vet Conference, San Francisco, CA (June 3).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Tell, LA. Extra-label drug use in small ruminants: specific examples and cases (Invited). Pac Vet Conference, San Francisco, CA (June 3).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Richards ED, Pereira RV, Davis JL, Rowe JD, Clapham MO, Wetzlich SE, Angelos JA, and Tell LA. Comparison for florfenicol detection in dairy goat milk samples using UPLC-MS/MS and a rapid residue test, Society of Veterinary Hospital Pharmacists Annual Conference, Rohnert Park, CA (June 13).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Tell LA, Srisapoome P, Chou CC. Editorial: Aquatic Pharmacology-Temperature Sensitive Medication. Front Vet Sci. 2021 Sep 28;8:755585. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.755585. PMID: 34651036; PMCID: PMC8505992.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Richards ED, Tell LA, Davis JL, Baynes RE, Lin Z, Maunsell FP, Riviere JE, Jaberi-Douraki M, Martin KL, Davidson G. Honey bee medicine for veterinarians and guidance for avoiding violative chemical residues in honey. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2021 Oct 15;259(8):860-873. doi: 10.2460/javma.259.8.860. PMID: 34609191.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Depenbrock S, Urbano T, Ziegler J, Wetzlich S, Clapham MO, Tell LA. Pharmacokinetic Parameters and Tissue Withdrawal Intervals for Sheep Administered Multiple Oral Doses of Meloxicam. Animals (Basel). 2021 Sep 25;11(10):2797. doi: 10.3390/ani11102797. PMID: 34679818; PMCID: PMC8532701.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Srisapoome P, Tell LA, Chou CC. Editorial: Aquatic Pharmacology, Volume II: Pharmacokinetics for Aquatic Species. Front Vet Sci. 2022 Oct 17;9:1039868. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1039868. PMID: 36325098; PMCID: PMC9620798.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Riad MH, Baynes RE, Tell LA, Davis JL, Maunsell FP, Riviere JE, Lin Z. Development and Application of an Interactive Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic (iPBPK) Model to Predict Oxytetracycline Tissue Distribution and Withdrawal Intervals in Market-Age Sheep and Goats. Toxicol Sci. 2021 Sep 28;183(2):253-268. doi: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab095. PMID: 34329480.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Mercer MA, Davis JL, Riviere JE, Baynes RE, Tell LA, Jaberi-Douraki M, Maunsell FP, Lin Z. Mechanisms of toxicity and residue considerations of rodenticide exposure in food Animals-a FARAD perspective. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2022 Jan 28;260(5):514-523. doi: 10.2460/javma.21.08.0364. PMID: 35092661.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Yuan L, Chou WC, Richards ED, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Davis JL, Riviere JE, Lin Z. A web-based interactive physiologically based pharmacokinetic (iPBPK) model for meloxicam in broiler chickens and laying hens. Food Chem Toxicol. 2022 Oct;168:113332. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113332. Epub 2022 Aug 5. PMID: 35940329.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Yuan L, Lin Z, Dutch RS, Richards ED, Clapham MO, Burmas N, Wetzlich SE, Tell LA. Residue depletion profiles and withdrawal interval estimations of meloxicam in eggs and ovarian follicles following intravenous (Meloxicam solution for injection) and oral (Meloxidyl®) administration in domestic chickens (Gallus domesticus). Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 2022 Jul;132:105170. doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2022.105170. Epub 2022 Apr 20. PMID: 35460801.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Cadena MM, Kelman T, Pitesky M, Dutch RS, Tell LA. Assessing Backyard Poultry versus Small Animal Knowledge of Veterinary Students regarding Husbandry, Prescription Drug Use, and Antimicrobial Resistance. J Vet Med Educ. 2022 Aug;49(4):531-536. doi: 10.3138/jvme-2021-0044. Epub 2021 Aug 10. PMID: 34375165.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rattanapanadda P, Kuo HC, Chang SK, Tell LA, Shia WY, Chou CC. Effect of Carbonyl Cyanide Chlorophenylhydrazone on Intrabacterial Concentration and Antimicrobial Activity of Amphenicols against Swine Resistant Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida. Vet Res Commun. 2022 Sep;46(3):903-916. doi: 10.1007/s11259-022-09917-4. Epub 2022 Mar 23. PMID: 35322371.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Richards ED, Dutch RS, Burmas NC, Davis JL, Lin Z, Clapham MO, Wetzlich SE, Tell LA. Pharmacokinetic Parameters and Estimating Extra-Label Tissue Withdrawal Intervals Using Three Approaches and Various Matrices for Domestic Laying Chickens Following Meloxicam Administration. Front Vet Sci. 2022 Mar 3;9:826367. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.826367. PMID: 35310412; PMCID: PMC8927936.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Maunsell FP, Baynes RE, Davis JL, Foster D, Jaberi-Douraki M, Lin Z, Riviere JE, Tell LA. FARAD: How we respond to withdrawal inquiries. American Association of Bovine Practitioners 50th Annual Conference, Salt Lake City, UT (October 7-9).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Mastorakis AN, McNabb B, Lima F, Urbano T, Watson K, Tell L, Rumbeiha W. Inorganic bromide in-utero causes locomotor and behavioral abnormalities in newborn calves. The American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians/US Animal Health Association Meeting, Aurora, CO (October 22-26).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Yuan L, Chou WC, Tell LA, Baynes RE, Davis JL, Maunsell FP, Riviere JE, Lin Z. A web-based interactive physiologically based pharmacokinetic (iPBPK) model for meloxicam in domestic chickens. Annual Meeting of Southeastern Society of Toxicology (SESOT), Virtual (November 18-19).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chou WC, Baynes RE, Tell LA, Davis JL, Maunsell FP, Riviere JE, Lin Z. A web-based platform based on a generic physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to predict withdrawal intervals of flunixin, florfenicol, and penicillin G in cattle and swine. Annual Meeting of Southeastern Society of Toxicology (SESOT), Virtual (November 18-19).


Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21

Outputs
Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? There is nothing to report for this Progress Report, as none of the funds for Proposal Number 2020-08540 had been spent by the 8/31/2021 date.

Publications