Source: UNIV OF IDAHO submitted to NRP
DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE SYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES FOR TWO VECTOR-BORNE, TUBER NECROTIC VIRUSES IN POTATO
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
ACTIVE
Funding Source
OTHER GRANTS
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1023510
Grant No.
2020-51181-32136
Cumulative Award Amt.
$5,756,299.00
Proposal No.
2020-02807
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2020
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2026
Grant Year
2020
Program Code
[SCRI]- Specialty Crop Research Initiative
Recipient Organization
UNIV OF IDAHO
875 PERIMETER DRIVE
MOSCOW,ID 83844-9803
Performing Department
Plant,Soil & Entomological Sci
Non Technical Summary
This trans-disciplinary CAP project addresses three legislatively mandated areas; research in plant breeding and genetics of disease resistance; efforts to identify and address threats from pests and diseases; and efforts to improve production efficiency and profitability. It brings together researchers, extension professionals and seed certification programs from across the country to address the most important disease problem currently faced by the potato industry - vector borne tuber necrotic viruses. Potato mop top virus (PMTV) and some strains of potato virus Y (PVY) elicit necrosis in tubers, rendering the crop unmarketable. For the past decade we have been working under the guidance of a national advisory board, comprised of leading seed growers, affected ware potato growers, and representatives of large potato processing companies to prioritize our research activities. In this project we will: help growers reduce PVY and PMTV incidence in seed potatoes by developing high-throughput assays to detect these viruses in tubers; develop epidemiological models that include vector and virus population levels as inputs to model when/where disease will be most serious, and where control efforts are most warranted; screen the US potato genebank for new sources of resistance as well as develop markers for recently-mapped PVY and PMTV-resistance genes to facilitate breeding of resistant cultivars; and conduct economic and social analyses to assist industry and regulatory agencies in implementing changes to farm practices, certification programs, and national and state regulations. These activities will collectively reduce the impacts of tuber necrotic viruses to manageable levels for the entire potato supply chain.
Animal Health Component
70%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
25%
Applied
70%
Developmental
5%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
21213101101100%
Knowledge Area
212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants;

Subject Of Investigation
1310 - Potato;

Field Of Science
1101 - Virology;
Goals / Objectives
Necrotic potato viruses are the most important plant disease threat for the U.S. Potato Industry. Potato virus Y (PVY) is the number one cause of seed potato rejection in North America, it is transmitted non-persistently by aphids. Potato mop-top virus (PMTV), which is transmitted by the soil-borne pathogenic protist Spongospora subterranea, has spread to at least six seed potato producing states, and currently is present in 5% of seed potatoes from Maine. Since S. subterranea is common in peat-based potting mix, which is used to produce early generation seed potatoes, this pathogen has become widespread in North America. Current seed potato certification protocols are ineffective at managing these diseases, while pesticides are ineffective for managing both viruses and vectors listed above. We have made substantial progress in helping the industry manage these pathogens, but further work is needed (see progress report). Critical stakeholder needs are virus-resistant potato varieties, inexpensive high throughput testing of tubers for pathogens prior to planting, field management methods to reduce vector populations and pressure, social science information to aid in effectively implementing new technologies, and extension to teach farmers about these new management and testing methods.The potato industry views necrotic potato viruses as the primary threat to potato production in the United States. The long term goal of this project is to provide farmers with improved management strategies, and economic analysis tools to guide them in implementation of necrotic virus management strategies in order to reduce losses to necrotic viruses. The two necrotic viruses in this project, PVY and PMTV, infect other major crops and ornamental plants and are the type members of their genera, so knowledge gained through this work will improve general knowledge of plant virology as well as production of numerous specialty crops in the United States and throughout the world. PMTV is spread by the broad host range S. subterranea, which is also a pathogen, and which causes powdery scab on potato tubers and root galls on roots of many plant species.Therefore, our specific long term project goals are to:To translate high throughput detection of PVY and PMTV in dormant potato tubers, their vectors, and, for PMTV, in soil and potting mix, to plant diagnostic labs.To improve virus-vector management through development of epidemiological models and through research-based recommendations for potato production.To develop molecular markers for resistance genes against PVY and PMTV, and Ss; to clone at least one PVY resistance gene; and to understand virus impacts on the physiology of stored potatoes.To identify economic, or incentive barriers to effective disease management and to use this information to aid in industry adoption of improved management strategies and harmonized regulations.Outreach will occur at regional and national farmer education meetings, demonstration field plots, online via a project website hosted by Potatoes USA, and through online extension publications and videos. The majority of our project co-PDs and co-PIs are regular speakers at industry meetings and they will continue to provide outreach of knowledge generated by this project.
Project Methods
Objective 1: Multiplex high-throughput virus detection assays suitable for replacing the post-harvest grow-out test. Genomic analyses of virus and vector strains. The potato industry is demanding new tools to manage soil-borne necrotic viruses, in particular PMTV, in addition to the more traditional PVY. Due to the different biology of PMTV, new methods to test viruses in dormant tubers are needed. This tuber testing may also include PVY, but much work will be needed to select proper detection technologies and formats, adapt them for large-scale tuber testing, and develop appropriate sampling approaches so not to compromise the high quality of seed potato in the U.S. A complex approach is proposed in this proposal, including trials of new technologies, improved sampling methods, statistical analysis of the data, and a knowledge of the virus genetic diversity.Objective 2: Epidemiology models for virus vectors. Development of forecasting models for necrotic viruses. Several new on-farm approaches will be tested, including use of age-related resistance, cover crops, crop oils and insecticides, and protective mulches. These will be evaluated for their effectiveness and cost in various environments, and those selected as having superior results recommended to the producers. Epidemiology and forecasting models will be developed to predict risk in short- to medium-term. Virus tracking technologies will be developed to aid in epidemiological model development.Objective 3: Molecular markers for PMTV, and Spongospora subterranea resistance and a cloned PVY gene. Development of PMTV replicons to more quickly and accurately screen potato lines for virus resistance. Markers for PMTV resistance genes are not currently available. We will develop markers associated with resistance to PMTV, and also to the PMTV vector, S. subterranea, using segregating populations developed during the previous SCRI project and also newly created ones. PMTV is very unevenly distributed in infected plants, which makes screening populations challenging. To aid in marker development, we are developing a reporter replicons for PMTV to aid in marker development. This tool will also aid in development of epidemiological models for this virus. Objective 4: Identification of economic and social barriers to adoption of improved testing and management methods. We will aggressively "market" all our new tools to detect tuber necrotic viruses, new methods to manage the viruses on the farm, and new markers useful for breeding programs working on virus-resistant potato germplasm. The main measure of success of this proposed project will be the degree of adoption of the new tools developed by the researchers by the growers.

Progress 09/01/23 to 08/31/24

Outputs
Target Audience:Federal, state, and local government agencies, including APHIS, seed certification agencies, and diagnostic clinics; potato growers, processors, other agricultural professionals, and the general public; extension, research, and teaching faculty, graduate students, staff, and postdocs - all involved or interested in sustainable potato production. Changes/Problems:One co-PI, J. Dwyer, retired from University of Maine, and was replaced by another UM co-PI, Prof. James Dill. A co-PI from University of Wisconsin, Dr. R. Rioux, resigned and moved on, and was replaced by Dr. Brooke Babler from the same university. During this reporting period we requested and were granted a 1-year no-cost extension of our project through August 31, 2025. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?8 undergraduate, 6 graduate students, and 1 postdoctoral scientist were involved in various areas of the research project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?6 peer-reviewed papers, 3 popular/trade papers, 6 abstracts, and one newsletter were published,and 31 presentations were made at 15 professional meetings. An up-to-date, dedicated website have been maintained to disseminate data and events associated with the project (https://www.uidaho.edu/cals/potato-virus-initiative). Social media links on Twitter and Instagram were maintained as well. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue to pursue the research and outreach objectives according to the grant outline.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1. Multiplex high-throughput virus detection assays, genomic analysis of virus and vector strains. Participants in Idaho (Karasev, Olsen), Montana (Zidack), Colorado (Charkowski, Nalam), and North Dakota (Pasche) conducted experiments on the direct tuber testing for PVY. Detection methods such as ELISA, RT-PCR, and RT-qPCR were compared for both foliar and tuber samples. The Idaho virology laboratory (Karasev) maintained the reference PVY strain collection available to other researchers in the project. PVY strain diversity was studied in post-harvest testing (PHT) in cooperation with seed certification agencies (ID, MT, CO, ND, WI, MI, NY, ME). PVY strain typing was monitored in summer 2024 for the Columbia Basin seed lot trials in Othello, WA. For the third year in a row, no PVYO positives were encountered in Othello, WA, seed lot trials, while the prevalence of the PVYNTN strain exceeded 30% for the first time. The USDA-ARS lab in Prosser, WA (Swisher-Grimm) continued monitoring PMTV presence in seed lot trials in Othello (WA); PMTV prevalence in seed lots submitted for the trials was found steadily rising exceeding 8% of seed lots planted in Columbia Basin in 2024. Objective 2. Epidemiological models and research-based management recommendations for potato production. Studies were continued in Colorado (Charkowski), Oregon (Frost), (Maine (Dill), and North Dakota (Pasche), looking at management tools against PMTV, a virus transmitted by the powdery scab pathogen, Spongospora subterranea(Sss). This was a third year of field trials in Colorado, Oregon, Maine, and North Dakota. So far, the data suggest that temperature and soil moisture are among the most important criteria and that potato plant morphology has a substantial effect on both soil moisture and temperature. It was also found that Spongospora does not always increase in soil after planting potato. The Colorado group (Charkowski) is looking at the soil microbiome to see any correlations with the Sss infestation level. In 2024, the Idaho entomology group (Wenninger) continued to study the crop oil application schedules for managing in-season spread of PVY in combination with insecticides. Additional replicates of this experiment were completed in the greenhouse. In coordination with M. Pavek (WA), B. Babler and R. Groves (WI), and J. Dill (ME), virus-infected tubers of 36 select cultivars for the three demonstration plots in WA, WI, and ME were produced to target the demonstration dates in summer 2024: June in Washington and July in Wisconsin and in Maine; other personnel involved in this production were J. Whitworth (USDA-ARS)and A. Karasev (ID). Objective 3. New resistance sources against Spongospora subterranea, PMTV, and PVY. Two groups, from North Dakota (Pasche) and from Oregon (Sathuvalli) completed the genome sequencing and assembly for two North American isolates of Sss, in order to assist and aid in searching for the resistance sources in potato. The USDA-ARS group (Feldman, Swisher Grimm) continued screening commercial cultivars, diploid lines, and wild potato accessions for resistance to Spongospora subterranea and PMTV, in order to find new sources of resistance to Sss and PMTV. All commercial potato cultivars are also included in the screening process. The breeding group (DeJong, Sathuvalli, Douches) is making significant progress towards the identifying and cloning of the Ryadg resistance gene. Two mapping populations with over 900 clones were developed with Eva as one of the parents. The population was screened for PVY resistance under field conditions. The progeny was also screened for molecular markers segregating for PVY resistance from Ryadg. The genome sequence information for potato cultivar Eva was used to identify scaffolds with the genomic sequences of Ryadg markers and a putative scaffold was identified hosting the resistance gene. Transgenic plants expressing two of the R genes are being generated to identify the actual resistance gene. The virology group (Karasev) subjected to extensive testing potato cultivar Payette Russet harboring the Rysto resistance gene in its genetic background, challenging Payette Russet with 18 different genetic variants of PVY that represented 13 different strains of the virus. Payette Russet was found immune to all tested isolates of PVY suggesting that Rysto exhibits an extreme resistance to PVY and is an excellent parent for the inclusion of Rysto into commercially attractive cultivars through breeding. Objective 4. Aid industry in adoption of improved management strategies and harmonized regulations. Several co-PIs (Karasev, McIntosh, Olsen, Douches) disseminated information on potato viruses and accomplishments of the project at the annual Potato EXPO meeting and through Potatoes USA website. Project participants were involved in organizing several state Potato Conferences (winter 2023-24) and disseminating information on potato viruses and this SCRI project in Washington/Oregon (Pavek, Karasev, Frost, Swisher-Grimm, Sathuvalli), Idaho (Olsen, Karasev, Wenninger, Duellman, Whitworth), Montana (Zidack), Michigan (Willbur, Douches), Colorado (Charkowski, Fulladolsa). Relevant potato virus related information was also disseminated at potato field days in summer 2024 in Washington (Pavek, Karasev, Swisher-Grimm), Oregon (Frost, Sathuvalli), Idaho (Olsen, Duellman, Wenninger), Montana (Zidack), Michigan (Willbur), Maine (Dill). All the participants in each state and at the USDA-ARS facilities worked to educate growers, processors, researchers, and extension agents in new approaches and tools to mitigate effects of the two viruses on tuber yield and quality. We continue to maintain the project web-site (https://www.uidaho.edu/cals/potato-virus-initiative) and social media links on Twitter and Instagram (Olsen).

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Gelles, N., Olsen, N., Thornton, M.K., and Karasev, A.V. 2024. Methods to induce sprouting in dormant potato tubers for direct tuber testing of potato virus Y. American Journal of Potato Research 101: 312-321 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-024-09960-8).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Funke, C.N., Tran, L.T., and Karasev, A.V. 2024. Screening three potato cultivars for resistance to potato virus Y strains: broad and strain-specific sources of resistance. American Journal of Potato Research 101: 132-141 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-024-09946-6).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Anglin, N.L., Yellarreddygari, S.K.R., Gudmestad, N.C., Sathuvalli, V., Brown, C.R., Feldman, M., De Jong, W.S., Douches, D.S., Novy, R.G., and Coombs, J.J. 2024. A Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) Identifies SNPs Associated with Resistance to Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) and Potato Mop-Top Virus (PMTV) in a Tetraploid Mapping Population of Potato. Am. J. Potato Res. 101: 116 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-023-09933-3).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Elison, G.L., Park, J., Novy, R.G., and Whitworth, J.L. 2024. A Potential New Source of Extreme Resistance to Potato Virus Y in the Potato Variety Bistra. Am. J. Potato Res. 101: 248256 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-024-09954-6).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Rodriguez-Rodriguez, M., Chikh-Ali, M., Feng, X., and Karasev, A.V. 2024. Genome sequences of six recombinant variants of potato virus Y identified in North American potato cultivars grown in China. Microbiology Resource Announcements 12 (2): e00512-23 (https://doi.org/10.1128/MRA.00512-23).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Karasev, A., and Olsen, N. 2024. Slow but steady progress being made in PVY resistance breeding. Potato Grower Magazine, April 2024; pp. 28-29.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Ingram, J.T., C. Mattupali, A.O. Charkowski, A.V. Karasev, M. Filiatrault. 2023. A grower-supported mail-away dormant potato tuber test for molecular detection of potato virus Y and two other viruses causing tuber necrosis. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 113: S3.35 (https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-113-11-S3.1).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Alaryan, M. M., Zeng, Y., Fulladolsa, A. C., and Charkowski, A. O. 2023. Brassica cover crops and natural Spongospora subterranea infestation of peat-based potting mix may increase powdery scab risk on potato. Plant Dis. 107:2769-2777 (https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-04-22-0863-RE).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Moore, A.G., Novy, R., Frost, K., and Sathuvalli, V. 2023. QTL mapping of powdery scab resistance in potato. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 113: S3.142 (https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-113-11-S3.1).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Swisher Grimm, K.D., and M.J. Feldman. 2024. Pursuit of resistant germplasm. Recent potato mop-top virus research shows promising gains. Spudman. July/August 2024. 62 (6); 27-28.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Swisher Grimm, K., Quick, R., Cimrhakl, L., Feldman, M., and Pavek, M. 2024. Improving our understanding of potato mop-top virus in the Northwest U.S. Potato Grower Magazine, January 2024. 53(1); pp. 34-38.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Echeverria, D., Skillman, V., Rivedal, H., Temple, T., and Frost, K. 2023. Identifying biotic characteristics of soils that suppress powdery scab of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). (Abstr.) Phytopathology 113: S3.6. (https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-113-11-S3.1).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Whitworth, J.L., Anglin, N., and Antunez, M. 2023. The ease of carry over contamination in detecting Potato mop top virus (PMTV). (Abstr.) Phytopathology 113: S3.187. (https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-113-11-S3.1).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Whitworth, J.L., Anglin, N., and Novy, R. 2024. Potato mop-top virus: Challenges and recent work in the Pacific Northwest. (Abstr.) American Journal of Potato Research 101: 163-201. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-024-09941-x).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Arjarquah, A., Singh, J., Zitnick-Anderson, K., Mallik, I., Pandey, B., Gill, U., and Pasche, J.S. 2024. A draft reference genome of Spongospora subterranea from North America. (Abstr.) American Journal of Potato Research 101: 163-201. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-024-09941-x).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kuhl, J. and Karasev, A.V. 2023. The Idaho potato industry and the importance of clean potato seed. Malcolm Renfrew Interdisciplinary Colloquium, October 10, 2023. Moscow, ID, oral presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Tran, L.T. and Karasev, A.V. 2023. Developing direct tuber testing methodology for postharvest testing, Idaho Association of Plant Protection, Annual Meeting, November 1, 2023. Rupert, ID, oral presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Swisher Grimm, K.D. 2023. Potato mop-top virus transmission and screening. Hermiston Farm Fair. Hermiston, OR. November 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Karasev, A.V., Olsen, N., and Hendricks, R. 2024. Highlights from the Potato Virus Initiative: Developing Solutions. 2024 Potato EXPO, January 10  11, 2024, Austin, TX (poster presentation).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Karasev, A.V. 2024. Broad immunity versus strain-specific resistance in potato cultivars: a case study of Payette Russet. 2024 Potato Cultivar Performance Workshop. 2024 Washington & Oregon Potato Conference, January 23-25, 2024, Kennewick, WA (oral presentation).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Karasev, A.V. 2024. SCRI update, 2024, 2024 WERA-89/SCRI Reporting Meeting, March 12-13, 2024, San Diego, CA (oral presentation).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Swisher Grimm, K.D., Quick, R., Cimrhakl, L., Feldman, M., Pettit, S., Holden, Z., Garza, R., Cantu, V., Meeuwsen, J., and Pavek, M. Update on Potato mop-top virus research at the USDA-ARS. Washington State University Potato Field Day, Othello, WA. June 27, 2024.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Karasev, A.V. 2024. Broad and strain specific resistance to PVY, Washington State University Potato Field Day, Othello, WA, June 27, 2024, oral presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Pavek, M.J., Gundersen, B., Inglis, D.A., Karasev, A.V., and Holden, Z.J. 2024. Losses from seedborne potato virus Y infection dependent on strain and variety, 22nd European Association for Potato Research Triennial Conference, Fornebu, Norway, July 7-12, 2024, oral presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Funke, C.N., Tran, L.T., and Karasev, A.V. 2024. Broad and strain-specific sources of resistance to potato virus Y in potato, 108th Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America, Portland, OR, July 21-25, 2024, oral presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Rodriguez-Rodriguez, M., Chikh-Ali, M., Feng, X., and Karasev, A.V. 2024. Genome characterization of six recombinant variants of potato virus Y from North American potato cultivars grown in China, 108th Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America, Portland, OR, July 21-25, 2024, oral presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Falzon, H., Schuetz, K., Babler, B., Karasev, A.V., and Zidack, N. 2024. Optimization of antibodies for immunocapture qPCR testing of dormant potato tubers for PVY, Plant Health 2024, Memphis, TN, July 26-31, 2024, poster presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Griffin, A. and Karasev, A.V. 2024. Genetic analysis of PVY strains circulating in potato fields of the Pacific Northwest, 2024 Idaho INBRE Statewide Research Conference, Moscow, ID, July 29-31, poster presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Olsen, N., N. Gelles, and R. Hendricks. 2024. Impact on yield in seedborne potato virus Y field studies. Potato Association of America 108th Annual Meeting. Portland, OR. July 22, 2024.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Hendricks, R., N. Gelles, and N. Olsen. Novel use of cold aerosol smoke to encourage potato tuber dormancy break. World Potato Congress. Adelaide, Australia. June 23-26, 2024. (poster).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Olsen, N. and R. Hendricks. PVY impact on yield, direct tuber testing, and Extension activities. SCRI Potato Virus Initiative annual meeting. San Diego, CA, March 13, 2024.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Olsen, N. and J. Miller. 2024. Effect of irrigation on powdery scab and PMTV symptom development. WERA89 annual meeting. San Diego, CA, March 12, 2024.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Olsen, N., N Gelles and R. Hendricks. 2024. Breaking tuber dormancy and direct tuber testing for PVY. WERA89 annual meeting. San Diego, CA, March 12, 2024.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Olsen, N., A. Karasev, E. Wenninger, K. Duellman, and J. Whitworth. 2024. PVY and PMTV and what we have learned from the SCRI project. Idaho Potato Conference. Pocatello, ID, January 18, 2024.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Olsen, N., R. Hendricks, and A. Karasev. 2023. Highlights from the Potato Virus Initiative. Idaho Association of Plant Protection Annual Meeting. Rupert, ID. November 2, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Tran, L.T. and Karasev, A.V. 2024. Dormant tuber testing for potato virus Y: comparison to the winter grow-out test, 108th Annual Meeting of the Potato Association of America, Portland, OR, July 21-25, 2024, oral presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Willbur, J.F. 2024. Disease monitoring and management in-field and post-harvest. Michigan Winter Potato Conference, East Lansing, MI, February 1, 2024.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Funke, C.N., Tran, L.T., and Karasev, A.V. 2024. Rysto gene confers an extreme resistance to 12 strains and genetic variants of potato virus Y in potato, Plant Health 2024, Memphis, TN, July 26-31, 2024, poster presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Rodriguez-Rodriguez, M., Chikh-Ali, M., Feng, X., and Karasev, A.V. 2024. Six recombinant variants of potato virus Y from North American potato cultivars grown in China, Plant Health 2024, Memphis, TN, July 26-31, 2024, poster presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Satoh-Cruz M., Rhodes, S., Damen K., Dorman, E., and Willbur, J.F. 2024. Investigation of chipping potato variety responses to major Potato virus Y strains in Michigan. Plant Health 2024, Memphis, TN, July 26-31, 2024, poster presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Whitworth, J. L. 2024 PVY and PMTV work: PVY demonstration plots and PMTV screening trials for widely grown varieties. Idaho Potato Conference, Pocatello, ID, January 17, 2024.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Wenninger, E.J. and Yoho, K. 2024. Entomology program update. Snake River Pest Management Field Tour. Kimberly, ID, June 26, 2024.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Whitworth, J.L. 2024. Potato mop-top virus and other seed source challenges for seed and commercial growers. Washington/Oregon Potato Conference, Kennewick, WA, January 24, 2024.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Yoho, K. and E.J. Wenninger. 2024. Using crop oils and age-related resistance to manage current season spread of PVY in the Pacific Northwest. SCRI potato virus meeting, San Diego, CA, March 12, 2024.
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Olsen, N.L., Hendricks, R., and Karasev, A.V. 2023. Potato Virus Initiative: the SCRI project website. https://www.uidaho.edu/cals/potato-virus-initiative.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Yoho, K. and E.J. Wenninger. 2024. Age-related resistance for PVY management in potato. Idaho Association of Plant Protection meeting, Burley, ID, November 1, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Yoho, K. and E.J. Wenninger. 2024. Mineral crop oils for in-season PVY management. Potato virus WERA89 meeting, San Diego, CA, March 11, 2024.


Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23

Outputs
Target Audience:Federal, state, and local government agencies, including APHIS, seed certification agencies, and diagnostic clinics;potato growers, processors, other agricultural professionals, and the general public; extension, research, andteaching faculty, graduate students, staff, and postdocs - all involved or interested in sustainable potato production. Changes/Problems:One co-PI, J. Dwyer, retired from University of Maine, and was replaced by another UM co-PI, Prof. James Dill. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?8 undergraduate, 6 graduate students, and 1 postdoctoral scientist were involved in various areas of the research project. One M.S. student (Nathan Gelles, University of Idaho) graduated in May 2023. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?2 peer-reviewed papers, 2 popular/trade papers, 7 abstracts, and one newsletter were published, and 29 presentations were made at 14 professional meetings. An up-to-date, dedicated website have been maintained to disseminate data and events associated with the project. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue to pursue the research and outreach objectives according to the grant outline.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1. Multiplex high-throughput virus detection assays, genomic analysis of virus and vector strains. Participants in Idaho (Karasev, Olsen), Montana (Zidack), Colorado (Charkowski, Nalam), and North Dakota (Pasche) conducted experiments on the direct tuber testing for PVY. Detection methods such as ELISA, RT-PCR, and RT-qPCR were compared for both foliar and tuber samples. The Idaho virology laboratory (Karasev) maintained the reference PVY strain collection available to other researchers in the project. PVY strain diversity was studied in post-harvest testing (PHT) in cooperation with seed certification agencies (ID, MT, CO, ND, WI, MI, NY, ME). PVY strain typing was monitored in summer 2023 for the Columbia Basin seed lot trials in Othello, WA. The USDA-ARS lab in Prosser, WA (Swisher-Grimm) continued monitoring PMTV presence in seed lot trials in Othello (WA); PMTV prevalence in seed lots submitted for the trials was found steadily rising exceeding 5% of seed lots planted in Columbia Basin in 2023. A study of the post-harvest seed treatments to accelerate dormancy break and promote sprout development was completed, a graduate student (N. Gelles) got a M.S. degree at the University of Idaho. The objective of the study was to identify methods to promote early sprout development to facilitate direct tuber testing for virus detection, specifically PVY. A National Workshop on the direct tuber testing methodologies was conveyed in Madison, WI, involving multiple state certification agencies (ID, MT, WI, CO, ND, NY, and others). Objective 2. Epidemiological models and research-based management recommendations for potato production. Studies were continued in Colorado (Charkowski), Oregon (Frost), (Maine (Dill), and North Dakota (Pasche), looking at management tools against PMTV, a virus transmitted by the powdery scab pathogen, Spongospora subterranea. This was a second year of field trials in Colorado, Oregon, Maine, and North Dakota. So far, the data suggest that temperature and soil moisture are among the most important criteria and that potato plant morphology has a substantial effect on both soil moisture and temperature. It was also found that Spongospora does not always increase in soil after planting potato. The Colorado group (Charkowski) is looking at the soil microbiome to see any correlations with the Sss infestation level. In 2023, the Idaho entomology group (Wenninger) adjusted the delivery method of the aphids to the plants, allowing them to move naturally from an infected leaf to the experimental plant to ensure an adequate amount of time was allotted for aphid probing and virus acquisition. Additional replicates of this experiment will be completed in the greenhouse. In coordination with M. Pavek (WA), B. Babler and R. Groves (WI), and J. Dill (ME), virus-infected tubers of 36 select cultivars for the three demonstration plots in WA, WI, and ME are being produced to target the demonstration dates in spring/summer 2024; other personnel involved in this production were N. Zidack (MT), J. Whitworth (USDA-ARS), and A. Karasev (ID). Objective 3. New resistance sources against Spongospora subterranea, PMTV, and PVY. The USDA-ARS group (Feldman, Swisher Grimm) continued screening commercial cultivars and wild potato accessions for resistance to Spongospora subterranea and PMTV, in order to find new sources of resistance to Ss and PMTV. All commercial potato cultivars are also included in the screening process. The breeding group (DeJong, Sathuvalli, Douches) is making significant progress towards the identifying and cloning the Ry-adg resistance gene. Two mapping populations with over 900 clones were developed with Eva as one of the parents. The population was screened for PVY resistance under field conditions. The progeny was also screened for molecular markers segregating for PVY resistance from Ryadg. In addition, a whole genome sequencing was performed of potato cultivar Eva using PacBio HiFi and a chromosome level assembly using Hi-C. The genome sequence information was used to identify scaffolds with the genomic sequences of Ryadg markers and a putative scaffold was identified hosting the resistance gene. The identified scaffold has 30 putative resistance genes. Transgenic plants expressing few of these R genes are being generated to identify the actual resistance gene. The virology (Karasev) and potato molecular biology (Kuhl) groups continued screening of reciprocal crosses between cvs Yukon Gem and Russet Norkotah, to study segregation of resistance to the PVYO, PVYNTN, and PVYN-Wi strains in progeny. Objective 4. Aid industry in adoption of improved management strategies and harmonized regulations. Several co-PIs (Karasev, McIntosh, Olsen, Douches) disseminated information on potato viruses and accomplishments of the project at the annual Potato EXPO meeting and through Potatoes USA website. Project participants were involved in organizing several state Potato Conferences (winter 2022-23) and disseminating information on potato viruses and this SCRI project in Washington/Oregon (Pavek, Frost, Swisher-Grimm, Sathuvalli), Idaho (Olsen, Karasev, Wenninger, Duellman, Whitworth), Montana (Zidack, Karasev), Michigan (Willbur, Douches), Colorado (Charkowski, Zeng). Relevant potato virus related information was also disseminated at potato field days in summer 2023 in Washington (Pavek, Karasev, Olsen), Oregon (Frost, Sathuvalli), Idaho (Olsen, Wenninger), Montana (Zidack), Michigan (Willbur), Maine (Dill). In Idaho, four co-PIs made presentations to the seed potato advisory group meeting in February 2023. All the participants in each state and at the USDA-ARS facilities worked to educate growers, processors, researchers, and extension agents in new approaches and tools to mitigate effects of the two viruses on tuber yield and quality. We continue to maintain the project web-site (https://www.uidaho.edu/cals/potato-virus-initiative) and social media links on Twitter and Instagram (Olsen).

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Duellman, K., Karasev, A.V., and Woodhall, J. 2023. New and unusual potato diseases, 2023 Idaho Potato Conference, January 18  19, 2023, Pocatello, ID (oral presentation, workshop).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Karasev, A. 2023. Federal funding of potato research: 2022 Idaho highlights, 2023 Idaho Potato Conference, January 18  19, 2023, Pocatello, ID (oral presentation, main stage).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Karasev, A. 2023. Corky ringspot or Spraing, whats the difference, and how can I manage them?, 2023 Idaho Potato Conference, January 18  19, 2023, Pocatello, ID (oral presentation, main stage).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Karasev, A. 2023. Potato disease control  changing targets over time, 54th Annual Idaho Seed Potato Growers Seminar, January 17, 2023, Pocatello, ID (oral presentation).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Swisher Grimm, K.D., Quick, R.A., Cimrhakl, L., Brown, C., Pavek, M.J. 2022. Detection of Potato Mop-Top Virus in Potato Seed Lots Entering Washington State. Am. J. Potato Res. 99, 390394. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-022-09889-w.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rodriguez-Rodriguez, M., Chikh-Ali, M., Feng, X., and Karasev, A.V. 2023. Genome sequences of six recombinant variants of potato virus Y identified in North American potato cultivars grown in China. Microbiology Resource Announcements 12: accepted pending revision.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Arjarquah, A. K., Singh, J., Zitnick-Anderson, K., Pandey, B., Gill, U., and Pasche, J. S. A Draft Reference Genome of Spongospora subterranea from North America. Abstract / Oral Presentation; Potato Association of America Annual Meeting; Charlottetown, PEI (Canada).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Arjarquah, A. K., Pandey, B., and Pasche, J. S. Preliminary Evaluation of Potato Cultivars for Reaction to Powdery Scab. Poster; Northland Potato Growers Association Annual Research and Reporting Conference.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Daniel, J., Zeng, Y., Charkowski, A.O., and Mattupali, C. 2022. Effect of a soil amendment and rotation crops on management of potato powdery scab. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 112: S3.1. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-112-11-S3.1.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Zeng, Y., Davidson, M., Casey, D., O'Neill, P., Pandey, B., Fulladolsa, A.C., Chim, B.K., Frost, K., Pasche, J., and Charkowski, A.O. 2022. Model-based forecasting of powdery scab risk in potato, integrating soil sporosorus inoculum, potato cultivar, and environmental monitoring data. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 112: S3.1. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-112-11-S3.1.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Feldman MJ, et al. 2023. Use of multi-parent mapping populations to advance disease resistance traits in russet and specialty potato germplasm. 107th Meeting of the Potato Association of America. Charlottetown, PEI (Canada).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Tran, L., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, M., Orellana, G., Funke, C., Nikolaeva, O.V., Quintero-Ferrer, A., Chikh-Ali, M., Woodell, L., Olsen, N.L., and Karasev, A.V. 2022. Prevalence of potato virus Y strains in potato in the Pacific Northwest, 20112021. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 112: S3.1. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-112-11-S3.1.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rodriguez-Rodriguez, M., Quintero-Ferrer, A., Green, K., Robles-Hernandez, L., Gonzales-Franco, A., and Karasev, A.V. 2022. Characterization of recombinant isolates of potato virus Y circulating in potato fields in Mexico. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 112: S3.1. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-112-11-S3.1.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Green, K., Funke, C., Chojnacky, J., Alvarez-Quinto, R.A., Ochoa, J.B., Quito-Avila, D.F., and Karasev, A.V. 2022. Three novel recombinants of potato virus Y (PVY) from Solanum betaceum belong to the PVYN strain group and are unable to systemically spread in potato. (Abstr.) Phytopathology 112: S3.1. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-112-11-S3.1.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Frost, K.E. 2023. Plant disease identification, diagnosis, and management. Hermiston Ag and City Expo, Hermiston, OR, February 24, 2023.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Frost, K.E., Harris, M., Mesko, J., Pavelski, R., Phillips, M., and Pink, M. 2023. Round table discussion with the Spudman Dream Team about production challenges today, how they are handled and what the future of the potato industry looks like. Panel discussion hosted by Spudman Magazine (Zoom), February 16, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Frost, K.E. 2023. The soil environment and its effect on powdery scab of potato. 2023 Southern Rocky Mountain Ag Conference, Monta Vista, CO, February 7, 2023.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Echeverria, D. and Frost, K.E. 2023. Identifying soils and soil properties suppressive to powdery scab. OSU-HAREC Potato Field Day, Hermiston, OR, June 21, 2023.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Moore, A., Sathuvalli, S., and Frost, K.E. 2023. Mapping powdery scab resistance in potato. OSU-HAREC Potato Field Day, Hermiston, OR, June 21, 2023.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Frost, K.E. 2023. Plant pathology program updates 2023. OSU-HAREC Potato Field Day, Hermiston, OR, June 21, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Moore, A., Sathuvalli, V., Frost, K., Yilma, S., Aguilar, M., and Charlton, B. 2023. Powdery scab of potato: expanding genomic resources for the pathogen and host. American Journal of Potato Research 100:127 (abstract).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Shanmugavel, S., P.M. Spychalla, S. Hu, K. Vining, W. DeJong, V. Sathuvalli. 2023. Whole genome sequence of Eva potato: A valuable resource for cloning and high-resolution genetic mapping of golden nematode and potato virus Y resistances. PAA Annual Meeting, July 23-27, 2023 Charlottetown, PEI, Canada.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Moore, A., Sathuvalli, V., Frost, K., Yilma, S., Aguilar, M., and Charlton, B. 2023. Powdery scab of potato: expanding genomic resources for the pathogen and host. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, August 12-16, 2023, Denver, CO; poster.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Sathuvalli, V. 2022. Disease resistance breeding  an update from OSU potato breeding program, 49th Hermiston Farm Fair (Virtual) November 30, 2022.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Swisher Grimm, K.D., Quick, R., Cimrhakl, L., Feldman, M., Bowker, A., Holden, Z., Garza, R., Cantu, V., and Pavek, M. 2023. Potato mop-top virus transmission and screening. WSU Othello Potato Field Day. Othello, WA. June 22, 2023.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Whitworth, J. 2023. Potato mop-top virus. Idaho seed potato growers seminar, Pocatello, ID. Jan. 17, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Whitworth, J., Anglin, N., Novy, R. 2023. Potato mop-top virus: Challenges and recent work in the Pacific Northwest. Potato Association of American Annual meeting, Prince Edward Island (Canada); July 25, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Yoho, K. and E.J. Wenninger. 2023. Using mineral crop oils to manage Potato virus y and foster beneficial insect communities in potato cropping systems. Pacific Branch Entomological Society of America, Seattle, WA, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Yoho, K. and E.J. Wenninger. 2023. Using crop oils to manage in-season spread of PVY in the Pacific Northwest. Potato virus WERA-89 meeting, Denver, CO, March 17, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Yoho, K. and E.J. Wenninger. 2022. Mineral oils for PVY protection in the PNW: updates and future directions. Idaho Association of Plant Protection meeting, Burley, ID, November 2, 2022.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Wenninger, E.J., Akhiwu, B., and Yoho, K. 2023. Entomology program update. Snake River Pest Management Field Tour. Kimberly, ID, June 2023.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Wenninger, E.J. 2022. Update on Kimberly potato entomology program. Potato Pest Advisory Committee meeting. Virtual, November 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Willbur, J.F. 2023. Snapshots of Michigan Potato Disease Research. Michigan Winter Potato Conference.
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Olsen, N.L., Hendricks, R., and Karasev, A.V. 2022. Potato Virus Initiative: the SCRI project website. https://www.uidaho.edu/cals/potato-virus-initiative.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Chikh-Ali, M. and Karasev, A.V. 2023. Chapter 11. Virus diseases of potato and their control. In: Potato Production Worldwide (Eds., Caliskan, M.E., Bakhsh, A., and Jabran, K.), Elsevier, Inc.: London, San Diego, Cambridge, Oxford; pp. 199-211.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Gelles, N., Olsen, N., Thornton, M., Karasev, A., Hendricks, R., and Woodell, L. 2023. Novel methods to induce sprouting in dormant potato tubers. Abstracts of the 106th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America. American Journal of Potato Research 100 (2): 121.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Tran, L.T., Green, K.J., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, M., Orellana, G.E., Funke, C.N., Nikolaeva, O.V., Quintero-Ferrer, A., Chikh-Ali, M., Woodell, L., Olsen, N., and Karasev, A.V. 2023. Changes in prevalence of potato virus Y strains circulating in potato in the Pacific Northwest, 2011-2021. Abstracts of the 106th Annual Meeting of The Potato Association of America. American Journal of Potato Research 100 (2): 128.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Karasev, A., and Olsen, N. 2023. Potato virus initiative developing direct tuber testing alternatives. Potato Grower Magazine, April 2023; pp. 22-23.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Ingram, J.T., Mattupalli, C., Charkowski, A.O., Karasev, A.V., and Filiatrault, M.J. 2023. A grower-supported mail-away dormant potato tuber test for molecular detection of potato virus Y, and two other tuber necrotic viruses, Plant Health 2023, Denver, CO, August 12-16, 2023, poster presentation.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Gelles, N., Olsen, N., Thornton, M., and Karasev, A. 2022. Early detection. New methods to break tuber dormancy to facilitate virus testing of seed potato. Potato Country, December 2022; pp. 20-22.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Karasev, A.V. 2022. Potato virus control: how targets kept changing over time and why. Montana Potato Seed Seminar 2022, Missoula, MT, November 3, 2022, oral presentation.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: The Potatoes USA Pulse Industry Update. Battling Potato Viruses: Innovations for a Healthier Harvest, April 27, 2023 - https://potatoesusa.com/newsletter/battling-potato-viruses-innovations-for-a-healthier-harvest/.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Olsen, N. and Karasev, A.V. 2023. Potato Virus Initiative: developing solutions update and discussion, Washington State University Potato Field Day, Othello, WA, June 22, 2023, oral presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Karasev, A.V. 2023. SCRI update, 2023, 2023 SCRI virtual program director meeting, March 9, 2023, Virtual Meeting  Zoom (invited speaker).


Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22

Outputs
Target Audience:Federal, state, and local government agencies, including APHIS, seed certification agencies, and diagnostic clinics; potatogrowers, processors, other agricultural professionals, and the general public; extension, research, and teachingfaculty, graduate students, staff, and postdocs - all involved or interested in sustainable potato production. Changes/Problems:One co-PI, R. Rioux, left University of Wisconsin to pursue other opportunities, and her workload was picked up by another UW co-PI, Prof. Russell Groves. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?6 undergraduate, 4 graduate students, and 1 postdoctoral scientist were involved in various areas of the research project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?6 peer-reviewed papers were published, and 38 presentations were made at 12 professional meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue to pursue the research and outreach objectives according to the grant outline.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? All four objectives were addressed by the participants across the potato producing states during the reporting period. Objective 1. Multiplex high-throughput virus detection assays, genomic analysis of virus and vector strains. Project participants in Idaho (Karasev, Olsen), Montana (Zidack), Colorado (Charkowski, Nalam), and North Dakota (Pasche) continued experiments on the development and validation of tools for direct tuber testing for PVY and PMTV. Detection methods included ELISA, RT-PCR, and RT-qPCR applied to both foliar and tuber samples along with different sampling and compositing strategies according to the specific potato certification needs and protocols in each state. The Idaho virology laboratory (Karasev) continued PVY strain diversity characterization in potato producing states of the U.S. and across the globe, using the reference PVY strain collection. PVY strain diversity was continued to be studied in post-harvest testing (PHT) coordinated with cooperating seed certification agencies (ID, MT, CO, ND, WI, MI, NY, ME). PVY strain typing was monitored in 2022 on a limited scale for the Columbia Basin seed lot trials due to the PVY demo trials conducted in Othello, WA. The data for Idaho and Washington State for the period between 2011-2021, have been published in 2022; two recombinant strains of PVY, N-Wi and NTN are now comprising more than 98% of the total virus isolates in both states in 2021. The Michigan laboratory (Willbur) conducted the PVY strain diversity monitoring experiments and determined the PVY strain composition in the state; PVY strains NTN and N-Wi comprised over 75% of isolates circulating in Michigan in 2022. The Colorado laboratory (Chikh-Ali) conducted the PVY strain diversity monitoring experiments and determined the PVY strain composition in the state; PVY strains O, NTN, and N-Wi were circulating in Colorado in 2022 in approximately equal proportions. The USDA-ARS lab in Prosser, WA (Swisher-Grimm) continued monitoring PMTV presence in seed lot trials in Othello (WA); PMTV was detected in approximately 5% of seed lots planted in Columbia Basin. A study was initiated to look at potential post-harvest seed treatments to accelerate dormancy break and promote sprout development. The objective was to identify methods to promote early sprout development to facilitate direct tuber testing for virus detection, specifically PVY. Potato virus and PVY strain collection was maintained in Moscow, ID, and positive control samples were provided to the project participants in Montana, Wisconsin, Michigan; two new field isolates were introduced into the collection for further characterization. Objective 2. Epidemiological models and research-based management recommendations for potato production. Studies were conducted in Colorado (Charkowski, Zeng), Oregon (Frost), and North Dakota (Pasche), looking at management tools against PMTV, a virus transmitted by the powdery scab pathogen, Spongospora subterranea. Three chemical compounds were tested for anti-scab and anti-virus activity in the greenhouse and in the field, 2,4-D, Omega, and RIDEZ, but so far no promising activity was found. The Idaho entomology group (Wenninger) set up field experiments to address the mineral oil use for the PVY control in seed potato production, under overhead irrigation, focusing on early season treatments. Mineral oil use is compared to insecticides, combination of both, and to untreated controls. Field experiments, and aphid trapping were conducted in summer 2022 by Wenninger and his group; the virology group (Karasev) assisted with PVY inoculations providing virus inoculum, and also in virus detection and strain typing, providing hands-on training to the graduate student (Yoho) in the virology lab. In coordination with M. Pavek (WA), R. Groves (WI), and J. Dill (ME), virus-infected tubers of 36 select cultivars for the three demonstration plots in WA, WI, and ME were produced, planted in WA, WI, and ME, and plants displaying foliar symptoms induced by the three PVY strains (O, NTN, and N-Wi) were demonstrated during field days in these states during late June to mid-July of 2022; other personnel involved in this production were N. Zidack (MT), J. Whitworth (USDA-ARS), and A. Karasev (ID). Objective 3. New resistance sources against Spongospora subterranea, PMTV, and PVY. The USDA-ARS group (Feldman, Swisher Grimm) continued screening commercial cultivars and wild potato accessions for resistance to Spongospora subterranea and PMTV, in order to find new sources of resistance to Ss and PMTV. The current plan is that if a highly resistant wild species (Objective 3b) is found, the attempts to develop markers linked to PMTV resistance will be resumed. The Michigan breeding group (Douches) conducted screening of the MSU diploid breeding germplasm for PVY resistance using markers for Ry-chc, Ry-sto and Ry-adg genes. Data indicated that Ry-adg and Ry-sto markers were identified among the non-infected germplasm. The breeding group (DeJong, Sathuvalli, Douches) is making significant progress towards the identifying and cloning the Ry-adg resistance gene. The goal was to identify 100 or more susceptible offspring, which will be bulked and subjected to RenSeq analysis. RenSeq compares the sequences of resistance gene family members in the resistant parent to susceptible progeny. Resistance genes present in the immune cultivar Eva but absent in the susceptible bulk(s) represent candidates for Ry-adg. The virology (Karasev) and potato molecular biology (Kuhl) groups continued screening of reciprocal crosses between cvs Yukon Gem and Russet Norkotah, to study segregation of resistance to the PVYO, PVYNTN, and PVYN-Wi strains in progeny. The experiments are focused on recessive resistance genes affecting systemic spread of the virus, with the ultimate goal to facilitate new PVY resistance marker development. Objective 4. Aid industry in adoption of improved management strategies and harmonized regulations. The PD (Karasev) disseminated information on potato viruses and accomplishments of the project at the Potato EXPO meeting and through Potatoes USA podcast. Project participants were involved in organizing several state Potato Conferences (winter 2021-22) and disseminating information on potato viruses and this SCRI project in Washington/Oregon (Pavek, Frost, Karasev), Idaho (Olsen, Karasev, Wenninger, Duellman), Montana (Zidack), Michigan (Willbur, Douches), Colorado (Charkowski, Zeng). Relevant potato virus related information was also disseminated at potato field days in summer 2022 in Washington (Pavek), Oregon (Frost, Sathuvalli), Idaho (Olsen, Wenninger), Montana (Zidack), Michigan (Willbur), Maine (Dill). In Idaho, four co-PIs made presentations to the seed potato advisory group meeting in February 2022. All the participants in each state and at the USDA-ARS facilities worked to educate growers, processors, researchers, and extension agents in new approaches and tools to mitigate effects of the two viruses on tuber yield and quality. Two surveys were conducted by the Montana group (Zidack), one targeting industry's perspective on significance of the tubwer necrotic viruses, and another targeting diagnostic laboratories. We continue to maintain the project web-site (https://www.uidaho.edu/cals/potato-virus-initiative) and social media links on Twitter and Instagram (Olsen).

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Miller, K., S. DeGrey, and E.J. Wenninger. Monitoring aphid vectors of potato virus Y over part of the growing season. Idaho INBRE (IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence) Symposium, Twin Falls, ID, July 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Miller, K., S. DeGrey, and E.J. Wenninger. Monitoring aphid vectors of potato virus Y over part of the growing season. Idaho INBRE (IDeA Network of Biomedical Research Excellence) Symposium, Moscow, ID, July 2022.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Zeng, Y., Davidson, M., Casey, D., ONeil, P., Pandey, B, Fulladolsa, A.C., Chim, B.K., Frost, K., Pasche, J. and Charkowski, A.O. 2022. Model-based forecasting of powdery scab risk in potato, integrating soil sporosorus inoculum, potato cultivar, and environmental monitoring data. Phytopathology 112(11s): S3.165.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Daniel, J., Zeng, Y., Charkowski, A.O., and Mattupalli, C. 2022. Effect of a soil amendment and rotation crops on management of potato powdery scab. Phytopathology 112(11s): S3.160.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Zeng, Y., Davidson, M., Casey, D., ONeil, P., Pandey, B, Fulladolsa, A.C., Chim, B.K., Frost, K., Pasche, J. and Charkowski, A.O. 2022. Integrating remote sensing and molecular pathogen detection methods for developing a risk prediction model on an emerging soilborne disease in potato. 10th International Integrated Pest Management Symposium, February 28  March 3, Denver, CO.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Frost, K. Environmental variability and powdery scab of potato. Western Regional Project 4147 Annual Meeting. December 3, 2021, (virtual/zoom).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Zeng, Y., Davidson, M., Casey, D., ONeil, P., Pandey, B, Fulladolsa, A.C., Chim, B.K., Frost, K., Pasche, J. and Charkowski, A.O. 2022. Model-based forecasting of powdery scab risk in potato, integrating soil sporosorus inoculum, potato cultivar, and environmental monitoring data. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, August 7 - August 10, 2022, Pittsburgh, PA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Zeng, Y., Davidson, M., Casey, D., ONeil, P., Pandey, B, Fulladolsa, A.C., Chim, B.K., Frost, K., Pasche, J. and Charkowski, A.O. 2022. Integrating remote sensing and molecular pathogen detection methods for developing a risk prediction model on an emerging soilborne disease in potato. 10th International Integrated Pest Management Symposium, February 28  March 3, Denver, CO.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Frost, K.E. Powdery scab and the environment. Hermiston Farm Fair (Virtual), December 1, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Frost, K.E. 2022 plant disease research: fumigation, tuber blemishes, and stem canker. OSU-HAREC Potato Field Day, Hermiston, OR, June 22, 2022.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Gelles, N., N. Olsen, M. Thornton, and A. Karasev. 2022 Next-gen potato researchers: Nathan Gelles. Spudman Magazine. 60(8): 34-37.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Gelles, N., N. Olsen, M. Thornton, and A. Karasev. 2021. PVY by Size and Sprout Enhancement. University of Idaho Potato Research Storage Advisory Annual Meeting. Rupert, ID, December 8, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Gelles, N., N. Olsen, M. Thornton, A. Karasev, L. Woodell, and R. Hendricks. 2022. Alternative Methods to Initiate Sprouting in Potatoes to Facilitate PVY Testing. Potato Association of America Annual Meeting. Missoula, MT, July 24, 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Gelles, N., N. Olsen, M. Thornton, and A. Karasev. 2022. Novel Methods to Induce Sprouting in Dormant Potato Tubers. Washington State Commercial Seed Lot Trial Field Day. Othello, WA, June 23, 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Olsen, N., T. Spence and G. Teixeira. 2022. Potato production and storage management research at UI Kimberly. UI Snake River Weed Management Tour and Field Day. Kimberly, ID, June 22, 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Gelles, N., N. Olsen, M. Thornton, and A. Karasev. 2022. Use of Sprout Promoters to Facilitate Direct Tuber Testing. WERA 89 Annual Meeting. Denver, CO, March 16, 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Olsen, N. and R. Hendricks. 2022. Outreach and extension efforts to promote control of PVY, PMTV, and powdery scab management, SCRI angle. Potato Virus Initiative SCRI meeting. Denver, CO, March 16, 2022.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Tran, L.T., Green, K.J., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, M., Orellana, G.E., Funke, C.N., Nikolaeva, O.V., Quintero-Ferrer, A., Chikh-Ali, M., Woodell, L., Olsen, N., and Karasev, A.V. (2022) Prevalence of recombinant strains of potato virus Y in seed potato planted in Idaho and Washington states between 2011 and 2021. Plant Disease 106: 810-817 (https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-21-1852-SR).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Olsen, N. Karasev, A., and Whitworth, J. 2022. Changing faces. How the industry can adjust to evolving PVY strains. Potato Grower Magazine, April 2022; pp. 30-31.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Ding, P., Chen, D., Feng, H., Li, J., Cao, H., Muning, T., Li, J., Hao, X., Han, P., Karasev, A.V., and Feng, X. (2022) Prevalence and strain composition of potato virus Y circulating in potato fields in Chinas north-central province of Shanxi. Plant Disease 106: 14341445 (https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-09-21-1950-RE).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Olsen, N., Whitworth, J. and Karasev, A. 2022. New kids on the block. Success in PVY-resistant varieties. Potato Grower Magazine, May 2022; pp. 32-33.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Karasev, A.V. 2021. Changing targets in potato virus control over time. Plant Health 2021 Satellite Meeting Changes in virus prevalence over time in different crop types, October 12, 2021, Virtual Meeting  Zoom.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chikh-Ali, M., Orellana, G., Tran, L.T., Price, W.J., and Karasev, A.V. 2021. Effects of potato age-related resistance to two strains of potato virus Y, Idaho Association of Plant Protection, Annual Meeting, November 3, 2021. Burley, ID (oral presentation delivered by M. Chikh-Ali).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Karasev, A. and Lundeen, J. 2022. Potato talks: Fighting potato pathogens in the 21st century, Potato EXPO, January 6, 2022, Anaheim, CA (main stage presentation).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Karasev, A.V., Chikh-Ali, M., Tran, L.T., and Price, W.J. 2022. Age-related resistance: a potential new tool to combat in-season spread of potato virus Y in seed potato, Potato EXPO, January 5  6, 2022, Anaheim, CA (poster presentation).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Karasev, A.V., Olsen, N., Whitworth, J., and Miller, J. 2022. Everything you wanted to know about potato viruses, but were afraid to ask, 2022 Idaho Potato Conference, January 19  20, 2022, Pocatello, ID (oral presentation, workshop).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Karasev, A.V. 2022. PVY strain composition in PNW potato, 2011-2021, 2022 WERA-89 Meeting, March 15-16, 2022, Denver, CO (oral presentation).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Karasev, A.V. 2022. New recombinants of potato virus Y found in tamarillo (Solanum betaceum), WERA-20 Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Fruit Trees, Small Fruits, and Grapevines Annual Meeting, April 8, 2022, Virtual Meeting  Zoom.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Pavek, M., Whitworth, J., Zidack, N., and Karasev, A.V. 2022. Potato virus Y demo introduction and commercial seed lot trial and potato virus Y demo interactive viewing, Washington State University Potato Field Day, Othello, WA, June 23.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Karasev, A.V. 2022. Potato virus Y strains circulating in the PNW across the past 10-11 years, Washington State University Potato Field Day, Othello, WA, June 23, 2022, oral presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Satoh-Cruz, M., Rhodes, S., Axford, J., Damen K., Dorman, E., and Willbur, J.F. 2022. Diagnostic optimization of viral detection and characterization for the Michigan seed potato certification program, 2021. Michigan Potato Industry Commission (MPIC) Research Report.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Dill, J., Smart, A., and Karasev, A.V. 2022. Potato virus Y demo introduction and commercial seed lot trial and potato virus Y demo interactive viewing, University of Maine Potato Field Day, Presque Isle, ME, July 13, 2022
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Tran, L.T., Green, K.J., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, M., Orellana, G.E., Funke, C.N., Nikolaeva, O.V., Quintero-Ferrer, A., Chikh-Ali, M., Woodell, L., Olsen, N., and Karasev, A.V. 2022. Changes in prevalence of potato virus Y strains circulating in potato in the Pacific Northwest, 2011-2021, 2022 Potato Association of America Annual Meeting, Missoula, MT, July 19, 2022, oral presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Green, K.J., Funke, C.N., Chojnacky, J., Alvarez-Quinto, R., Ochoa, J.B., Quito-Avila, D.F., and Karasev, A.V. 2022. Three novel recombinants of potato virus Y (PVY) from Solanum betaceum belong to the PVYN strain group and are unable to systemically spread in potato, Plant Health 2022, Pittsburgh, PA, August 9, 2022, oral presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rodriguez-Rodriguez, M., Quintero-Ferrer, A., Green, K.J., Robles-Hernandez, L., Gonzales-Franco, A., and Karasev, A.V. 2022. Characterization of potato virus Y circulating in potato fields in Mexico, Plant Health 2022, Pittsburgh, PA, August 6-10, 2022, poster presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Tran, L.T., Green, K.J., Rodriguez-Rodriguez, M., Orellana, G.E., Funke, C.N., Nikolaeva, O.V., Quintero-Ferrer, A., Chikh-Ali, M., Woodell, L., Olsen, N., and Karasev, A.V. 2022. Prevalence of potato virus Y strains in the Pacific Northwest, 2011-2021, Plant Health 2022, Pittsburgh, PA, August 6-10, 2022, poster presentation.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Duellman, K., Woodhall, J., Karasev, A.V., Olsen, N., and Whitworth, J.L. (2022) Potato mop-top virus: biology and disease management. University of Idaho Extension Bulletin 1017: June 2022; 5pp.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rhodes, R., Satoh-Cruz, M., Axford, J., Dorman, E., and Willbur, J.F. Characterization of different reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction protocols to determine prevalence of Potato virus Y in Michigan. National Plant Diagnostic Network National meeting. UC Davis, Davis, California April 26-30, 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Swisher Grimm, K.D., Quick, R., Cimrhakl, L., Brown, C., Holden, Z., Garza, R., Cantu, V., and Pavek, M. Potato mop-top virus in Washington seed lots. WSU Othello Potato Field Day. Othello, WA. June 23, 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Swisher Grimm, K.D. Potato tuber necrotic viruses: TRV and PMTV. Hermiston Farm Fair. Hermiston, OR (virtual). December 2, 2021.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Karasev, A.V. 2022. Tuber Necrotic Research: Potatoes USA Podcast; Season 2, Episode 3; March 31, 2022 (https://potatoesusa.com/podcast/season2/tuber-necrotic-research/).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Wenninger, E.J. Kimberly entomology program overview. Global Disease Ecology Course. Moscow, ID (virtual), October 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Wenninger, E.J. and K. Yoho. Aphid and PVY research update. Potato virus WERA meeting / SCRI virus meeting, Denver, CO, March 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Wenninger, E.J., K. Yoho, S. DeGrey. Entomology program update. Snake River Pest Management Tour. Kimberly, ID, June 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Yoho, K. Protecting potatoes from PVY with crop oils and age-related resistance. Snake River Pest Management Tour. Kimberly, ID, June 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Yoho, K. and E.J. Wenninger. Effects of crop oils on PVY incidence and beneficial insect communities in the PNW. Idaho Seed Potato Seminar, Pocatello, ID, January 2022.


Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21

Outputs
Target Audience:Federal, state, andlocal governmentagencies,including APHIS,seed certificationagencies, anddiagnostic clinics;potato growers,processors, otheragriculturalprofessionals, andthe general public;extension,research, andteaching faculty,graduatestudents,staff, andpostdocs - all involved or interested in sustainable potato production. Changes/Problems:Our extension/education and outreach activities were affected by the COVID-19 related restrictions on in-person meetings and contacts. The absolute majority of presentations during this period of Sep 2020 - Aug 2021 were virtual on-line presentations. Based on the results of the field screening by the USDA-ARS group (Whitworth, Novy), the breeding group decided to pause work to develop markers linked to PMTV resistance as the potato variety initially thought to be resistant, Castle Russet, was found in repeated testing (Whitworth) to be less resistant than previously believed. The current plan is that if a highly resistant wild species (Objective 3b) is found, the attempts to develop markers linked to PMTV resistance will be resumed. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Six undergraduate, four graduate students, and one postdoctoral scientistwere involved in various areas of the research project. A Ph.D. student working on in-season spread of PVY in potato fields (K. Yoho) spent one week at the University of Idaho virology laboratory (December 2020) being trained in PVY detection and strain differentiation methods. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Eight peer-reviewed papers were published, and 15 presentations were made at 11 professional meetings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue to pursue the research and outreach objectives according to the grant outline.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? All four objectives were addressed by the participants across the potato producing states during the reporting period. The first objective is focused on efforts to develop methods of direct tuber testing to create an alternative to foliar post-harvest testing in winter grow-outs, andat studying genetic diversity of PVY in potato fields. The second objective is focused on management of PVY and PMTV through development of risk-management models of powdery scab and PMTV and on defining regimes of crop oil applications to manage in-season spread of PVY in the field. The third objective is focused on development of potato cultivarsresistant to powdery scab, PMTV, and PVY. The fourth objective is focused on dissemination of the research information gathered by the participants in all 10 states involved in the project, and also at national potato meetings. Objective 1. Multiplex high-throughput virus detection assays, genomic analysis of virus and vector strains. Project participants in Idaho (Karasev, Olsen), Montana (Zidack), Colorado (Charkowski, Nalam), and North Dakota (Pasche) initiated experiments on the development and validation of tools for direct tuber testing for PVY and PMTV. Detection methods included ELISA, RT-PCR, and RT-qPCR applied to both foliar and tuber samples. Various sampling and compositing strategies were tested fitting the specific potato certification needs and protocols in each state. The Idaho virology laboratory (Karasev) continued PVY strain diversity characterization in potato producing states of the U.S. and across the globe, using the reference PVY strain collection. PVY strain diversity was continued to be studied in post-harvest testing (PHT) coordinated with cooperating seed certification agencies (ID, MT, CO, ND, WI, MI, NY, ME). The data for Idaho and Washington State were compiled (Karasev, Olsen) for the period between 2011-2021, and submitted for publication; two recombinant strains of PVY, N-Wi and NTN comprised more than 98% of the total virus isolates in both states in 2021. The Michigan laboratory (Willbur) conducted the PVY strain diversity monitoring experiments and determined the PVY strain composition in the state; PVY-N-Wi was determined as the dominant strain in Michigan in 2020-21. The USDA-ARS lab in Prosser, WA (Swisher-Grimm) continued monitoring PMTV presence in seed lot trials in Othello (WA); PMTV was detected in approximately 5% of seed lots planted in Columbia Basin. Different compounds were tested as alternatives to Rindite for dormancy breaking (ID - Olsen), to assist the PHT using direct tuber testing. Potato virus and PVY strain collection was maintained in Moscow, ID, and positive control samples were provided to the project participants in Montana, Wisconsin, Michigan; two new field isolates were introduced into the collection for further characterization. Objective 2. Epidemiological models and research-based management recommendations for potato production. Field studies were initiated in Colorado (Charkowski, Zeng), Oregon (Frost), North Dakota (Pasche), and Maine (Dill) to optimize soil testing for Spongospora subterranea and PMTV during the growing season; effects of temperature and soil moisture on PMTV and its vector abundance are being monitored to develop risk models for development of powdery scab and PMTV infection in the field. Greenhouse experiments to address mechanisms of mineral oil protective effect against PVY were initiated in Idaho (Karasev, Wenninger). The Idaho entomology group (Wenninger) set up field experiments to address the mineral oil use for the PVY control in seed potato production, under overhead irrigation, focusing on early season treatments. Mineral oil use is compared to insecticides and to untreated controls. Field experiments, and aphid trapping were conducted in summer 2021 by Wenninger and his group; the virology group (Karasev) assisted with PVY inoculations providing virus inoculum, and also in virus detection and strain typing, providing hands-on training to the graduate student (Yoho) in the virology lab. Aphid trapping was also conducted in Maine (Dill) during summer 2021. In coordination with M. Pavek (WA), R. Rioux (WI), and J. Dill (ME), virus-infected tubers of 36 select cultivars for the three demonstration plots in WA, WI, and ME are being produced to target the demonstration dates in spring/summer 2022; other personnel involved in this production were N. Zidack (MT), J. Whitworth (USDA-ARS), and A. Karasev (ID). Objective 3. New resistance sources against Spongospora subterranea, PMTV, and PVY. The USDA-ARS group (Feldman, Swisher Grimm) started screening wild potato accessions for resistance to Spongospora subterranea and PMTV, to find new sources of resistance to Ss and PMTV. The Colorado group (Charkowski, Zeng) identified a diploid line of potato that appears to be resistant to the tuber symptom development; this line was tested for Ss and PMTV resistance in the greenhouse this summer. The Michigan breeding group (Douches) conducted screening of the MSU diploid breeding germplasm for PVY resistance using markers for Ry-chc, Ry-sto and Ry-adg genes. Data indicated that Ry-adg and Ry-sto markers were identified among the non-infected germplasm. In order to map a PVY resistance gene, about ~1000 seed of two crosses that segregate for Ry-adg were sent from NY (DeJong) to OR (Sathuvalli) to phenotype for PVY resistance in summer 2021. The goal was to identify 100 or more susceptible offspring, which will be bulked and subjected to RenSeq analysis. RenSeq compares the sequences of resistance gene family members in the resistant parent to susceptible progeny. Resistance genes present in the immune cultivar Eva but absent in the susceptible bulk(s) represent candidates for Ry-adg. The virology group in ID (Karasev) continued experiments on the age-related resistance (ARR) to PVY in potato with various cultivar/strain combinations; these experiments are conducted in a greenhouse, under controlled conditions. The goal here is to determine if ARR can be used as a management tool to control in-season spread of PVY. The virology (Karasev) and potato molecular biology (Kuhl) groups conducted screening of reciprocal crosses between cvs Yukon Gem and Russet Norkotah, to study segregation of resistance to the PVYO, PVYNTN, and PVYN-Wi strains in progeny. The experiments are focused on recessive resistance genes affecting systemic spread of the virus, with the ultimate goal to facilitate new PVY resistance marker development. Objective 4. Aid industry in adoption of improved management strategies and harmonized regulations. Project participants were involved in organizing several state Potato Conferences (winter 2020-21) and disseminating information on potato viruses and this SCRI project in Washington/Oregon (Pavek, Frost, Karasev), Idaho (Olsen, Karasev, Wenninger, Duellman), Montana (Zidack), Michigan (Willbur, Karasev), Colorado (Charkowski, Zeng). Relevant potato virus related information was also disseminated at potato field days in summer 2021 in Washington (Pavek), Oregon (Frost, Sathuvalli), Idaho (Olsen, Wenninger), Montana (Zidack), Michigan (Willbur), Maine (Dill). Two of the co-PIs (Karasev, Zidack) made presentations at the meeting of the certification section of Potato Association of America in December 2020. In Idaho, four co-PIs made presentations to the seed potato advisory group meeting in February 2021. All the participants in each state and at the USDA-ARS facilities worked to educate growers, processors, researchers, and extension agents in new approaches and tools to mitigate effects of the two viruses on tuber yield and quality.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chikh-Ali, M., Tran, L.T., Price, W.J., and Karasev, A.V. (2020) Effects of the age-related resistance to Potato virus Y in potato on the systemic spread of the virus, incidence of the potato tuber necrotic ringspot disease, tuber yield, and translocation rates into progeny tubers. Plant Disease 104: 269-275 (http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-19-1201-RE).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Ross, B.T., Zidack, N.Z. and Flenniken, M.L. (2021) Extreme resistance to viruses in potato and soybean. Frontiers in Plant Science, https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.658981/full
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Karasev, A.V. (2021) PMTV and other viruses, Idaho Potato Conference, January 20, 2021, on-line presentation
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chikh-Ali, M., Tran, L., and Karasev, A.V. (2020) Effects of potato age-related resistance to Potato virus Y on virus systemic movement, yield, quality, and virus translocation into progeny tubers, Plant Health 2020 Annual Meeting, August 2020, Virtual Meeting
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Karasev, A.V. (2020) Changes in prevalence of potato virus Y strains in seed potato in Idaho and Washington, 2011-2020, Potato Association of America, Certification Section Meeting, December 3, 2020. Virtual Meeting
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Rodriguez-Rodriguez, M., Chikh-Ali, M., Johnson, S.B., Gray, S.M., Malseed, N., Crump, N., and Karasev, A.V. (2020) The recombinant potato virus Y (PVY) strain, PVYNTN, identified in potato fields in Victoria, southeastern Australia. Plant Disease 104: 3110-3114 (https://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-20-0961-SC).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Rodriguez-Rodriguez, M., Quintero-Ferrer, A., Green, K.J., Robles-Hernandez, L., Gonzalez-Franco, A.C., and Karasev, A.V. (2021) Molecular and biological characterization of recombinant isolates of Potato virus Y circulating in potato fields in Mexico. Plant Disease 105: 2688-2696 (https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-10-20-2215-RE).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Wenninger, E.J. (2021) Potato entomology program update. Idaho Seed Potato Advisory Group Meeting. On-line, February 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Satoh-Cruz, M., Rhodes, R., Axford, J., Dorman, E., and Willbur, J.F. (2021) Characterization and prevalence of Potato Virus Y strains in Michigan. Plant Health 2021, American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting. Virtual. August 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Karasev, A.V. (2021) Potato mop-top virus and the new USDA specialty crop research initiative project, Washington and Oregon Potato Conference, January 28, 2021, on-line presentation
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Karasev, A.V. (2021) Changes in prevalence of Potato virus Y strains in seed potato in the United States, 2011-2019, 2021 Michigan Potato LIVE: PVY Webinar, February 25, 2021, on-line presentation
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Karasev, A.V. (2021) SCRI update, 2021 Idaho Seed Potato Research Advisory Group meeting, February 17, 2021, Virtual Meeting
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Zidack, N. (2021) Montana seed certification service, 2021 Michigan Potato LIVE: PVY Webinar, February 25, 2021, on-line presentation
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Green, K.J., Funke, C.N., Chojnacky, J., Alvarez-Quinto, R.A., Ochoa, J.B., Quito-Avila, D.F., and Karasev A.V. (2020) Potato virus Y (PVY) isolates from Solanum betaceum represent three novel recombinants within the PVYN strain group and are unable to systemically spread in potato. Phytopathology 110: 1588-1596 (https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-20-0111-R).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Green, K.J., Quintero-Ferrer, A., Chikh-Ali, M., Jones, R.A.C., and Karasev A.V. (2020) Genetic diversity of nine new non-recombinant potato virus Y (PVY) isolates from three biological strain groups: historical and geographical insights. Plant Disease 104: 2317-2323 (https://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-20-0294-SC).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chikh-Ali, M., Tran, L.T., Price, W., and Karasev, A.V. (2020) Preliminary studies of age-related resistance to Potato virus Y in potato. Potato Progress, Vol. XX (4).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Olsen, N. and Karasev, A. (2021) Going viral - tackling the problem of evolving viruses. Potato Grower Magazine. May 50(5):36-37.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Olsen, N. and M. Thornton. (2020) Virus Projects. Storage and Agronomy Advisory Committee Meeting (virtual). December 9, 2020.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Yoho, K. and Wenninger, E.J. (2021) Crop oil spraying to manage PVY in potatoes. University of Idaho Kimberly R and E Center Farm Field Day. August 26, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Douches, D. (2020) PMTV and TRV resistance mapping research. NCCC215 meeting, December 2020 (Virtual).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Gelles, N., L. Woodell and N. Olsen. (2021) PVY research in potatoes. University of Idaho Kimberly R and E Center Farm Field Day. August 26, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Olsen, N. (2021) Effective practices to manage Black Spot Bruise and PVY in potatoes and the proper use of products for good storage management CHS Bingham Cooperative Grower Meeting (virtual). March 4, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Olsen, N. and J. Miller. (2021) Powdery scab and potato mop-top virus (PMTV) management. Miller Research Potato Pest Management seminar (virtual). February 18, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Olsen N. (2021) Research on PVY, dormant tuber testing, cold impact on seed performance. Seed Potato Advisory Group. February 17, 2021.