CucCAP 2: Harnessing Genomic Resources For Disease Resistance And Management In Cucurbit Crops – Bringing The Tools To The Field

CUCCAP 2: HARNESSING GENOMIC RESOURCES FOR DISEASE RESISTANCE AND MANAGEMENT IN CUCURBIT CROPS – BRINGING THE TOOLS TO THE FIELD

Sponsoring Institution

National Institute of Food and Agriculture

Project Status

EXTENDED

Funding Source

OTHER GRANTS

Reporting Frequency

Annual

Accession No.

1023460

Grant No.

2020-51181-32139

Project No.

MICL08593

Proposal No.

2020-02596

Multistate No.

(N/A)

Program Code

SCRI

Project Start Date

Sep 1, 2020

Project End Date

Aug 31, 2025

Grant Year

2020

Project Director
Grumet, R.

Recipient Organization
MICHIGAN STATE UNIV
(N/A)
EAST LANSING,MI 48824

Performing Department
HORTICULTURE

Non Technical Summary
Producers and processors of cucurbit crops (watermelons, melons, cucumbers, winter and summer squashes) consistently identify diseases as their primary constraint. These diseases cause severe reductions in yield and quality, increased labor and expenses for disease control, negative environmental impacts from application of pesticides, loss of profitability, and potential outright loss of the crop in the field or at point of sale. The most cost-effective, environmentally desirable solution is disease-resistant cultivars deployed with effective integrated disease management strategies. To achieve this outcome, CucCAP2 will develop and deliver: advanced genomic, bioinformatic, and breeding tools; disease resistant materials; and disease management strategies and economic analyses for critical diseases threatening cucurbit production. Four crop teams (watermelon, melon, cucumber, squash) together with genomics/bioinformatics, and integrated disease management teams, will take an integrated research and extension/outreach approach to: develop novel bioinformatic, pan-genome and genetic mapping tools; utilize genomic approaches to identify, map, and develop markers for resistances to priority diseases identified by cucurbit industries; introduce and combine resistances in advanced breeding lines; and perform multi-location, multi-isolate trials of resistances to improve integrated disease management and assess economic impacts. This project will expand on the nation-wide, interdisciplinary collaborations established in CucCAP1, bringing together bioinformaticians, genomicists, geneticists, breeders, plant pathologists, and economists, to provide genomic tools for public and private breeders to accelerate breeding for disease resistance in cucurbit crops, and develop and provide readily accessible disease control information, disease management strategies, and estimates of economic net returns for cucurbit producers. This project also will benefit the larger scientific and private breeding and crop production communities by providing transdisciplinary STEM training for undergraduate, graduate students and post-doctoral researchers, including participants from Historically Black (HBCU) and Hispanic-Serving (HIS) universities.

Animal Health Component

Research Effort Categories

Basic

30%

Applied

50%

Developmental

20%

Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)	Subject of Investigation (SOI)	Field of Science (FOS)	Percent
201	1420	1080	10%
201	1420	1081	20%
201	1421	1080	10%
201	1421	1081	10%
201	1429	1080	10%
201	1429	1081	10%
216	1420	1160	10%
216	1421	1160	10%
216	1429	1160	10%

Knowledge Area
216 - Integrated Pest Management Systems; 201 - Plant Genome, Genetics, and Genetic Mechanisms;

Subject Of Investigation
1420 - Melons; 1429 - Cucurbits, other; 1421 - Cucumber;

Field Of Science
1160 - Pathology; 1081 - Breeding; 1080 - Genetics;

Keywords

Goals / Objectives
The goals of the project are to: (1) Develop novel advanced bioinformatic, pan-genome, and genetic mapping tools for cucurbits; (2) Utilize genomic approaches to identify, map, and develop markers for resistances to priority diseases identified by cucurbit industries; (3)Introduce and pyramid resistances into advanced breeding lines; and (4) Perform multi-location, multi-isolate trials of resistances to improve integrated disease management and assess economic impacts. The project will also provide state-of-the-art, cross disciplinary plant breeding, molecular genetics, genomics, bioinformatics, plant pathology, and economics training to undergraduate, graduate, and post-doctoral trainees, preparing scientists to meet needs of the public and private sectors.Specific objectives are:Objective 1.Develop novel advanced bioinformatic, pan-genome, and genetic mapping tools for cucurbits. (A)Develophigh-resolution genotyping platforms for cucurbits - Re-sequence core collections for the four cucurbit crops; construct high-resolution genome-wide variome maps; construct pan-genomes for the cucurbit species. (B) Develop breeder-friendly web-based database to manage, store, distribute and analyzephenotype, genotype, and germplasm information. (C)Perform seed multiplication and sequencing analysis of core collections of the four species andassess genetic diversity to provide community resources for genome wide association studies (GWAS). (D)Maintain and enhance the Cucurbit Genomics Database (http://cucurbitgenomics.org/), providing publicly available tools to analyze and integrate genotype, phenotype, and pan-genome data.Objective 2. Utilize genomic approaches to identify, map, and develop markers for resistances to priority diseases identified by cucurbit industries. (A)Identify disease resistance associated quantitative trait loci (QTL) using standard QTL mapping, bulked-segregant analysis, or GWAS. (B) (Refine/fine map QTL using increased population sizes and denser sets of molecular markers. (C)Develop and verify markers for marker assisted selection.Objective 3.Introduce and pyramid/stack resistances into advanced breeding lines. (A)Perform marker assisted selection to introgress resistances into publicly available, elite germplasm selected for yield, fruit quality and current disease resistances; test performance of resulting lines in replicated greenhouse and/or field trials. (B)Perform genomic selection to maximize number of resistance alleles in cases of highly quantitative resistances and gene stacking to combine resistance to multiple diseases.Objective 4.Perform multi-location, multi-isolate trials of resistances to improve integrated disease management, assess economic impacts, and provide state-of-the-art disease control recommendations. (A)Provide up-to-date recommendations for disease control in cucurbit crops building on the centralized cucurbit disease website (https://cuccap.org/) developed under CucCAP1 to provide diagnostic resources, control recommendations disease alerts, and forecasting tools; and via direct extension activities. (B)Perform multi-location, multi-isolate trials and pathogen population analyses to evaluate breeding lines in combination with integrated disease control approaches. (C)Collect geographically diverse pathogen samples and develop markers to analyze pathogen populations to inform breeding and disease management. (D)Assess economic impacts of disease and gains from control tools, and valuation of crop attributes, using a partial budgeting approach and stated preference analyses.

Project Methods
OBJECTIVE 1: Develop novel advanced bioinformatic, pan-genome, and genetic mapping tools for cucurbits. 1.1. Genomic and bioinformatic platforms for cucurbit crops. Processed resequencing data from the core collections will be mapped to reference genomes and used to construct high-resolution genome-wide variation maps (variome) comprising both SNPs and large structural variations (SVs) for each crop. The genotype (SNP/SV) matrix in each core collection will be recorded in commonly used genotyping file formats and made publicly available through the Cucurbit Genomics Database (CuGenDB; http://cucurbitgenomics.org). De novo assembly from PacBio HiFi circular consensus sequence (CCS) data will be combined with deep genome resequencing of 100 accessions selected from the core collections to capture maximal diversity and important traits for each species. PacBio HiFi reads will be assembled into contigs, pseudomolecules constructed genetic maps and syntenic information, and master reference genome derived from non-redundant sequences. Unaligned sequences will be anotated and a pan-genome constructed for each species by combining reference and non-reference sequences. We will develop an integrated, breeder-friendly database module to manage, store, distribute and analyze the phenotyping, genotyping, and germplasm information generated in CucCAP2. 1.2 Analysis of core collections of the four species for genome wide association studies (GWAS). Seeds of the core collections developed in CucCAP1 will be multiplied for distribution. The high-resolution variome data will be used to assess genetic diversity, define phylogenetic relationships, and population structure. GWAS analysis will be performed using the SNP/SV variation data; significantly associated regions will be examined for PAVs in the pan-genome; their patterns in the core collections will be analyzed to identify correlations with traits of interest.OBJECTIVE 2: Utilize genomic approaches to identify, map, and develop markers for resistances to priority diseases identified by the cucurbit industries. 2.1. Map resistance and identify QTL for key cucurbit diseases.For crop-disease combinations with known sources of resistance, but without identified QTL; for which new sources of resistance are being characterized; or for which QTL require verification and refinement, segregating populations will be phenotyped for disease response. Protocols will assure sufficient disease pressure for accurate differentiation between resistant (R) and susceptible (S) progeny. DNA for genotyping will be prepared from young leaf samples for QTL mapping or QTL-seq analysis. The core collections will be phenotyped for disease response to perform GWAS analysis using data and tools from obj 1. If broad QTL have been identified, new markers will be identified in the target interval and used to genotype large segregating populations to narrow the interval. 2.2. Develop and verify markers for marker assisted selection (MAS).Refined QTL will be used to develop high throughput, low cost molecular markers focusing efforts on major effect, robust QTL. New markers will be tested and validated in multiple segregating populations to verify usefulness across multiple genetic backgrounds and locations. Validated markers will be used to assist introgression of resistance into elite lines and facilitate pyramiding and stacking of resistance genes.Objective 3: Introduce and pyramid/stack resistances into advanced breeding lines. 3.1. Introgress resistance alleles into advanced breeding lines.Disease resistances will be introgressed into publicly available, elite germplasm selected for yield, fruit quality/industry standards/earliness/shipping quality, and current disease resistances Validated markers will expedite introgression of resistance loci into elite germplasm. Segregating progeny will be phenotyped, genotyped, and selected for individuals possessing desired combinations of disease resistance and fruit quality traits to backcross into elite germplasm. Performance of resulting lines will be evaluated in greenhouse and/or field trials. Advanced materials will be tested in multiple locations.3.2. Pyramid/stack resistances.Multi-locus marker-assisted selection (MAS) will be used to develop multi-disease resistant breeding lines by combining disease resistance genes from multiple sources.Gene pyramiding/stacking will utilize a breeding scheme of sequential marker-assisted backcrossing coupled with background selection (markers and morphological) to expedite accumulation of one copy of all target QTL and recovery of the genetic background in a single genotype. At the last backcrossing generation (BC3 or BC4) selected plants will be self-pollinated and homozygous plants fixed for all target resistance alleles will be identified. The resulting multiple-disease resistant breeding lines will be tested for resistances in controlled environments (growth chamber, greenhouse) and field trials and released to seed companies along with the corresponding markers for incorporation into the elite cultivars proprietary to each company. In cases where esistance is highly quantitative, we will apply genomic selection to a densely genotyped population using a strategy to maximize the number of resistance alleles available to optimize training model development. A subset of the training population will be used for cross-validation to assess model prediction accuracy.OBJECTIVE 4: Perform multi-location, multi-isolate trials to improve integrated disease management; assess economic impacts, and provide state-of-the-art disease control recommendations .4.1. Disease management information and recommendations. Multiple venues will be used to provide up-to-date recommendations for cucurbit crops including the centralized cucurbit disease website (https://cuccap.org/) developed under CucCAP1, field days, grower meetings, plant disease clinics, agent trainings, webinars, local and regional meetings. Information provided will include: diagnostic resources, control recommendations, links to plant disease clinics, crop production guides, disease fact sheets, disease alerts, and forecasting tools. 4.2. Multi-location, multi-isolate trials and pathogen population analyses. Trials will be performed in different states to evaluate new breeding lines, compare to commercially available tolerant varieties, and determine if integrated approaches can complement host tolerance. Evaluations will be done in research locations centered in production regions following local production practices. Pathogen population analyses of Phytophthora capsiciandPseudoperonospera cubensiswill be performed to characterize local isolates and ensure our breeding efforts are robust to pathogen diversity in different growing regions. Geographically diverse isolates collected from states withlosses on cucurbits will be genotyped, tested for virulence, and for association of SNP markers with virulence. 4.3. Economic impacts of disease and gains from control tools and valuation of crop attributes.A partial budgeting approach will be used to evaluate change in net returns that may result from new disease-resistant varieties and integrated disease control methods.Contemporary crop budgets will be developed for cucumber in MI and NC, watermelon in NC, and squash in MI and NY to use a baseline of comparison. Statedpreference analyses will be performed to identify attributes with the highest potential returns to improvements. Choice surveys will be developed to estimate growers' willingness-to-pay and likelihood to adopt new technologies.

Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23

Outputs
Target Audience:Our target audiences are our key stakeholders: the cucurbit industries (growers, shippers, processors) who depend on high crop quality, disease resistant cultivars and effective integrated management strategies; the cucurbit breeding community (seed companies and public breeders) who must develop these cultivars; and the scientific community who develop knowledge to facilitate more effective plant breeding and disease control strategies and train the next generation of agricultural scientists. We engaged stakeholders via: (a) organizing or participating in field days, research 'open houses', extension workshops, agricultural expositions, and industry group meetings; (b) presentations at regional, national, and international scientific meetings; (c) web-based communication, project newsletters (the CucCAP Chronicle), and cucurbit disease diagnostic and control information, through https://cuccap.org/; (d) expansion of cucurbit genomic and breeding databases, tools and bioinformatics platforms through http://cucurbitgenomics.org/; (e) sharing genetic and marker information and germplasm releases for cucurbit breeding; (f) scientific and extension publications; (g) experimental trials at off-campus university farms located within grower communities and collaborative research with seed companies for disease trials, marker verification and seed multiplication. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?In the past year the CucCAP2 has project provided training opportunities for 7 post-docs and 21 graduate students (fully or partially supported by CucCAP) and 17 undergraduate students in the areas of plant breeding, genetics, genomics, bioinformatics, plant pathology, extension and agricultural economics. Training opportunities included thesis or dissertation research; participation in computational, laboratory, greenhouse or field based projects; contributions to scientific and/or extension publications; and opportunities to present findings to industry and scientific audiences. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In the past year the CucCAP team collectively published 29 CucCAP-related refereed publications and 33 CucCAP-related extension publications, web-materials, or webinars. In addition, we made 61 CucCAP-related presentations at scientific conferences, universities, and 28 CucCAP-related presentations in commodity-based venues. Establishment of the two cross-linked websites, http://cucurbitgenomics.org for bioinformatics and genomics, and https://cuccap.org/ for disease control information, have been a major route to disseminate information. Specific examples of interactions with the cucurbit industries, and scientific and breeding communities are listed below. A. Interaction with Cucurbit Industries. CucCAP team members have had extensive interaction with the cucurbit industries they serve through a variety of venues. These include presentations of CucCAP related work and participation in industry and grower meetings and field days such as: Oceana Summer Field Day MI; Southwest Horticultural Days, MI Great Lakes Farm, Fruit and Vegetable Expo Pickle Packers InternationalConference Empire State Producers Expo, NY Specialty crop tour,NY Cornell Vegetable Breeding Institute Field Days,NY Southeastern Vegetable & Fruit Expo Watermelon Production Meeting NC MarDel Watermelon,MD Regional Watermelon Grower meeting,NC Clemson University Coastal Research and Education CenterField Day Pee Dee Vegetable Meeting,SC Midlands Spring Vegetable Meeting,SC UnivCalifornia West Side Research and Extension Center,CA. B. Interaction with cucurbit scientific and breeding communities. The CucCAP project has interacted with the broader scientific and breeding communities through active participation in national and international scientific conferences; seminar presentations; and collaborative research with industry partners. CucCAP team members have attended and presented CucCAP-related work at numerous venues including: American Phytopathological Society (multiple CucCAP participants and presentations) American Society for Horticultural Science (multiple CucCAP participants and presentations) Cucurbitaceae 2022 (multiple CucCAP participants and presentations) National Association of Plant Breeders (multiple CucCAP participants and presentations) Plant and Animal Genome Conference (multiple CucCAP participants and presentations) 12th International Congress on Plant Pathology and the French Phytopathological Society American Phytopathological Society North Central Division Meeting International Horticulture Research Conference. Wuhan, China VII International Symposium on Cucurbits. Zhengzhou, China. Department of Biochemistry, Colorado State University Plant Sciences, Cornell University Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA Department of Horticulture, North Carolina State Univ. Department of Horticulture Michigan State University Department of Horticulture, University of Massachusetts Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Seminar, Reno, NV Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Lima, Peru National Engineering Research Center for Vegetables. Beijing, China Nature Genetics & Plant Editorial Communities Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Y.S.R. Horticultural University, India Asia Pacific Seed Association What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Each CucCAP team [the four crop teams (watermelon, melon, cucumber, squash); bioinformatics; integrated disease management] will continue working on the CucCAP project objectives including: Obj 1. Genomic and bioinformatic tools. Efforts will continue for seed multiplication and re-sequencing of the core populations for the four crops. Genetic variants will identified and made available for mining through http://cucurbitgenomics.org/v2/. Additional pan-genomes and cross species super-pangenomes will be developed. Development of the phenotype database will continue. Obj 2. Identify, map, and develop markers for resistances to important cucurbit diseases. Efforts will continue to develop segregating populations, phenotype disease responses, identify QTL, perform fine-mapping and develop markers for the 17 crop-disease combinations. Obj 3. Introduce and pyramid/stack resistances into advanced breeding lines. Efforts will continue, or be initiated, to introgress identified resistances from Obj 2 into advanced breeding lines with multiple resistances and desirable fruit quality. Obj 4. Perform multi-location, multi-isolate trials of resistances, assess economic impacts, and provide state-of-the-art disease control recommendations. We will continue to maintain, update and develop new disease diagnostic and control informational materials for the CucCAP website, produce extension publications and present face-to-face informational sessions for cucurbit disease management. A series of replicated multi-location trials to evaluate breeding lines in combination with integrated disease control strategies will be performed in MI, NC, NY and SC. Efforts will be continued to collect geographically diverse pathogen samples and develop markers to analyze pathogen populations. Additional updated crop budgets and costs of disease control estimates will be developed and willingness to pay surveys will be performed.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Producers and processors of cucurbits (watermelon, melon, cucumber, squash) consistently identify diseases as their primary constraint causing severe reductions in yield and quality, increased labor and expenses for disease control, negative environmental impacts from pesticides, and loss of profitability. The most cost-effective, environmentally desirable solution is disease-resistant cultivars deployed with effective integrated disease management strategies. To this end, CucCAP2 is:(1) developing and deliveringadvanced genomic, bioinformatic, and breeding tools for cucurbits; (2) utilizing genomic approaches to identify, map, and develop markers for resistances to industry-identified priority diseases; (3) introducing and combining resistances in advanced breeding lines; and (4) performing multi-location, multi-isolate trials with cultivars and breeding lines to improve integrated disease management and assess economic impacts. Genomic and bioinformatic tools are critical for modern plant breeding. They enable identification of molecular markers associated with disease resistances, reducing time and costs for development of new resistant varieties. Evidence of value of these tools is our active collaboration with 11 national and international seed companies that utilize our databases and directly support our work by multiplying seed, performing disease tests, and verifying molecular markers. Farmers benefit from development of new varieties, development of integrated disease management tools, and delivery of up-to-date best management practices. Specific progress toward these objectives in the reporting period : (1) Develop genomic and bioinformatic tools.(A) High-resolution genotyping platforms. High-quality chromosome-scale genomes were assembled and structural variants (SVs) called for a set of24 (cultivated, wild, semi-wild) cucumber accessions. A graph-based pan-genome is being constructed. Genome resequencing of the Cucurbita core collection (240 accessions) was completed and genetic variants (SNPs and indels) were called. High-quality chromosome-scale genomes have been assembled for 3 Cucurbita pepo, 1 C. maxima, and 1 C. moschata accession. High quality chromosome-scale genomes were assembled for 135 watermelon accessions, including wild species, landraces and cultivars.SVs werecalled and a graph-based pan-genome constructed. A Citrullus super-pangenome wasconstructed by integrating four species-specific pan-genomes. Analysis reveals absence of disease resistance-related genes in the cultivated gene pool relative to wild species. Genome resequencing (~40x depth) of 301/ 377 accessions in the watermelon core and 313/384 accessions in the melon core has been completed; the sequences have been processed and mapped to their reference genomes. Generation of PacBio HiFi reads is underway for 27 melon accessions (subsp. melo and subsp. agrestis). (B) Maintain, enhance the Cucurbit Genomics Database (http://cucurbitgenomics.org/v2/),develop breeder-friendly web-based databases for genotype, phenotype and germplasm information. All of the genomic information including variant calls are made available for mining in the CuGenDBv2. Sequence and transcriptome data are regularly updated. (C) Perform seed multiplication of core collections of the four species; assess genetic diversity to provide community resources for genome wide association studies (GWAS).Seed multiplications for all four core populations are being performed by collaborating seed companies. (2) Identify, map, develop markers for disease resistances.Watermelon:QTL for gummy stem blight resistance were identified from a Citrullus amarus MAGIC population. KASP markers for QTL explaining 20-30% of variation were validated for resistance to powdery mildew race 2W in Citrullus lanatus. Bulked segregant analysis identified QTL for CGMMV resistance in Citrullus colocynthis. Disease screening field trials were performed to identify new resistances to powdery mildew and Phytophthora fruit rot. Melon: New sources of resistance to CYSDV were evaluated and tested for mode of inheritance. QTL for powdery mildew resistance race 1 were narrowed and KASP markers validated for two major QTL. QTL mapping was performed for fusarium resistance, KASP markers were developed and validated. QTL mapping was performed for downy mildew, KASP markers were developed to narrow the QTL. Cucumber: Fine mapping narrowed the QTL for Phytophthora fruit rot on chromosome 5 to 1 Mb and markers were verified in second genetic background. The cucumber core collection was tested for resistance to phytophthora fruit rot; GWAS identified additional QTL. Squash: The Cucurbita pepo core collection was field screened for powdery mildew resistance. A major QTL for resistance to powdery mildew in C. moschata was fine mapped and a potential new source of resistance to powdery mildew was identified in a C. moschata x C. pepo bridge line. (3) Introduce and pyramid/stack resistances into advanced breeding lines. Watermelon: Two training populations were developed from deeply sequenced parents to evaluate fruit quality and resistance to Fusarium race 2. Two QTL introgression lines were developed with high levels of resistance to gummy stem blight. Advanced RIL lines with red flesh and resistance to powdery mildew, and F11 lines for Phytophthora fruit rot resistance were developed. KASP markers were used to introgress powdery mildew resistance into commercial varieties. Melon: Lines with TopMark and Charentais backgrounds with high brix and firm flesh were fixed for resistance to powdery mildew race 1, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis race 1 and race 2 and sulfur. Cucumber: Cucumber introgression lines with three QTL for downy mildew resistance QTL and a QTL for P capsici fruit rot resistance were developed and tested for response to downy mildew and Phytophthora. Squash: Advanced canning pumpkin lines with powdery mildew resistance were assessed for fruit quality. Mapping populations were developed to transfer powdery mildew resistance from a C. moschata x C. pepo bridge line. (4) Perform multi-location, multi-isolate trials, assess economic impacts, provide state-of-the-art disease control recommendations. (A) Disease control recommendations. CucCAP website: Cucurbit disease factsheets, production manuals, and integrated pest management resources for the Northeast, Southeast and the Midwest are maintained and updated along with notices of regional commodity meetings and Extension education sessions. Other disease control information: Diagnostic and disease control recommendations were made through web portals, field days, extension educator and grower meetings. (B) Multi-location, multi-isolate trials to evaluate new breeding lines in combination with integrated disease control. Trials performed for: Watermelon - Fusarium in NC, SC; PM in NC. Cucumber - downy mildew in MI, NC, SC. Squash - powdery mildew in MI, NY; Phytophthora in MI. (C) Collect geographically diverse pathogen samples and develop markers to analyze pathogen populations to inform breeding and disease management. Genetic analyses were performed for Pseudoperonospora cubensis (DM) isolates were collected from cucurbits in NC, SC, and FL; P. capsici samples were collected from NY farms, genotyped and tested for fungicide sensitivity. (D) Assess economic impacts of disease and gains from control tools, and valuation of crop attributes. Trait valuation surveys were developed for cucumber, squash and watermelon and distributed to farmers and industry representatives in NC, SC, FL, MI, and NY.

Publications

Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rosado-Rivera Y.I., Adams L.M., Collins H., Quesada-Ocampo L.M. (2023) Evaluation of fungicides downy mildew control on cucumber, Clinton, NC 2021. Plant Disease Management Reports 17:V169
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hausbeck, M. 2023. Consider water source when irrigating vegetables during dry conditions. MSU Extension News for Agriculture- Vegetables: 20 Jun. https://www.canr.msu.edu/news/consider-water-source-when-irrigating-vegetables-during-dry-conditions
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Hausbeck, M.K., and Uebbing, M.R. 2022. Managing Cucurbit Downy Mildew. Updated Dec 2022. Online at https://veggies.msu.edu/extension-publications/#FactSheets
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Indermaur, E. J., Inzinna, G., Mazourek, M. R., Smart, C. D. Winter squash varieties and breeding lines show promise for powdery mildew resistance in New York. VegEdge. March, 2023.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Indermaur, E. J., Day, C. T. C., and Smart, C. D. 2022. Evaluation of squash cultivars and breeding lines for powdery mildew resistance, 2021. Plant Disease Management Reports. Report No. 16:V171
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Ling, K.-S. 2023. Identification and management of the emerging cucucmber green mottle mosaic virus on cucurbit crops. Grow_Plant Health Exchange, Focus on Cucurbits. https://doi.org/10.1094/GROW-CUC-02-23-011
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Ling, K.-S., Agindotan, B., and Thomas, S. 2023. Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus. https://ecucurbitviruses.org/resources/fact-sheets-videos/cucumber-green-mottle-mosaic-virus/
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Quesada-Ocampo L. M., Meadows I., and Gorny A. (2023) Disease control for commercial vegetables. North Carolina Agricultural and Chemicals Manual. Basil, cucurbits, hop, lettuce, endive, sweetpotato, and fungicide resistance tables
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rosado-Rivera Y.I., Adams L.M., Collins H., Quesada-Ocampo L.M. (2023) Evaluation of varieties for control of downy mildew on cucumber, Clinton, NC 2021. Plant Disease Management Reports 17:V168
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rosado-Rivera Y.I., Adams L.M., Quesada-Ocampo L.M. (2023) Evaluation of fungicides for control of gummy stem blight on watermelon, Kinston, NC 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports 17:V170
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rosado-Rivera Y.I., Adams L.M., Collins H., Quesada-Ocampo L.M. (2023) Evaluation of fungicides for downy mildew management of winter squash, Kinston, NC 2021. Plant Disease Management Reports 17:V171
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rosado-Rivera Y.I., Quesada-Ocampo L.M. (2023) Evaluation of cucumber cultivars for downy mildew management, Clinton 2022. Plant Disease Management Reports 17:V102
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rosado-Rivera Y.I., Quesada-Ocampo L.M. (2023) Evaluation of fungicides for downy mildew management on cucumbers, Clinton 2022. Plant Disease Management Reports 17:V101
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rosado-Rivera Y.I., Quesada-Ocampo L.M. (2023) Evaluation of fungicides for management of cucumber downy mildew, Clinton 2022. Plant Disease Management Reports 17:V100
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rosado-Rivera Y.I., Quesada-Ocampo L.M. (2023) Evaluation of watermelon cultivars for powdery mildew management, Goldsboro 2022. Plant Disease Management Reports 17:V099
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rosado-Rivera Y.I., Quesada-Ocampo L.M. (2023) Evaluation of fungicides management for watermelon gummy stem blight, Kinston 2022. Plant Disease Management Reports 17:V098
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rosado-Rivera Y.I., Quesada-Ocampo L.M. (2023) Evaluation of fungicide rotation for downy mildew management on cucumbers, Clinton 2022. Plant Disease Management Reports 17:V097
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rosado-Rivera Y.I., Quesada-Ocampo L.M. (2023) Evaluation of fungicides for powdery mildew management on pumpkins, Goldsboro 2022. Plant Disease Management Reports 17:V095
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rosado-Rivera Y. I.T , Adams M. L.T, Collins H.T, Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2022) Evaluation of fungicides for control for management of cucumber downy mildew, Clinton, NC 2021. Plant Disease Management Reports: 16: V180.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rosado-Rivera Y. I.T , Adams M. L.T, Collins H.T, Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2022) Evaluation of fungicides for control for management of cucumber downy mildew, Goldsboro, NC 2021. Plant Disease Management Reports: 16: V179.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rosado-Rivera Y.I., Quesada-Ocampo L.M. (2023) Evaluation of fungicides for downy mildew management on cantaloupe, Goldsboro 2022. Plant Disease Management Reports 17:V094
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rosado-Rivera Y. I.T , Adams M. L.T, Collins H.T, Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2022) Evaluation of fungicides for control for management of winter squash downy mildew, Kinston, NC 2021. Plant Disease Management Reports: 16: V181.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Salcedo A., Parada-Rojas C. H., Guerrero R., Stahr M., DArcangelo K.N., McGregor C., Kousik C., Wehner T., and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2023) The NLR family of disease resistance genes in cultivated watermelon and other cucurbits: opportunities and challenges. Chapter 4. In: The Watermelon Genome. Editors: Dutta S. K. and Reddy U. Springer.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Schultheis, J.R., S.W. Michel, and A.P. Pfefferkorn. 2023. 2022 Triploid mini watermelon cultigen evaluation studies. Department of Horticultural Science, Raleigh, NC Hort Series No. 242. 33 pages < https://cucurbits.ces.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2022-Mini-Watermelon-Cultigen-Study-Report.pdf?fwd=no
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Schultheis, J.R., S.W. Michel, and B.E. Stickley. 2023. 2022 Triploid standard watermelon cultigen evaluation study. Department of Horticultural Science, Raleigh, NC Hort Series No. 241. 39 pages < https://cucurbits.ces.ncsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/2022-Standard-Watermelon-Cultigen-Study-Report-Final-1.pdf?fwd=no
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Uebbing, M.R. and Hausbeck, M.K. 2023. Evaluating pickling cucumber cultivars for resistance to downy mildew under natural infection conditions, 2022. Plant Disease Management Reports 17:V157.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Uebbing, M.R. and Hausbeck, M.K. 2023. Efficacy of organic products for control of powdery mildew on moderately resistant acorn squash, 2022. Plant Disease Management Reports 17:V158.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Uebbing, M.R. and Hausbeck, M.K. 2023. Evaluation of biological and conventional products to control downy mildew on pickling cucumbers, 2022. Plant Disease Management Reports 17:V156.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Uebbing, M.R. and Hausbeck, M.K. 2022. Evaluation of single product treatments for control of downy mildew on pickling cucumbers, 2021. Plant Disease Management Reports 16:V137.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Uebbing, M.R. and Hausbeck, M.K. 2022. Evaluation of disease forecasters for control of downy mildew on pickling cucumbers, 2021. Plant Disease Management Reports 16:V136.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Alzohairy, S.A., Moore, B.M., Hammerschmidt, R., Shiu, S., and Hausbeck, M.K. 2022. Lignin biosynthesis gene expression is associated with age-related resistance of winter squash to Phytophthora capsici. Cucurbitaceae 2022
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Bhuiyan, M. Z. R., DArcangelo, K. N. and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. Populations of Pseudoperonospora cubensis Causing Downy Mildew in Squash and Cucumbers are Structured by Host Genotype. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Plant Health 2023, Denver, CO, August 2023
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Biswas, A., V. Ganaparthi, S. Kousik, P. Wechter, A. Levi, and S. Branham. 2023. Genomic Selection (GS) Approach to incorporate Fusarium wilt race 2-resistance into Watermelon Cultivars. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Association of Plant Breeders, Greenville, SC
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Branham, S. (Presenter), Ganaparthi, V. (co-author), Kousik, C. (co-author), Wechter, W. P. (co-author), Park, Y. (co-author), Wehner, T. (co-author), Davis, A. (co-author), Tetteh, A. (co-author), Hammar, S. (co-author), Grumet, R. (co-author), Levi, A. (co-author), Plant and Animal Genome, "XP-GWAS and marker development for resistance to powdery mildew race 2w in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)."
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: DArcangelo K.N., Wallace E.C., Miles T.D., and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2023) Carboxylic acid amides but not Quinone outside Inhibitor fungicide resistance mutations show clade-specific occurrence in Pseudoperonospora cubensis causing downy mildew in commercial and wild cucurbits. Phytopathology 113: 80-89.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Fabrizio, Jack, Kyle LaPlant, Lindsay Wyatt, Gregory Inzinna, Li Li, and Michael Mazourek. "Fine mapping and identification of candidate genes for the hull-less seed phenotype in Cucurbita pepo." Euphytica 218, no. 11 (2022): 160
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Grumet R, Lin Y-C, Rett-Cadman S, Malik A. 2022. Morphological and genetic diversity of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) fruit development. Plants. 12:23. https://doi.org/10.3390/
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Guo, Y., Krasnow, C., and Hausbeck, M.K. 2023. Characterizing the dynamics of virulence and fungicide resistance of Phytophthora capsici in Michigan vegetable fields reveals loci associated with virulence. Plant Disease (First Look). DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-03-23-0576-RE
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Hernandez CO, Labate J, Reitsma K, Fabrizio J, Bao K, Fei Z, Grumet R, Mazourek M (2023) Characterization of the USDA Cucurbita pepo, C. moschata, and C. maxima germplasm collections. Front Plant Sci 14:1130814
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Higgins, D.S., Goldenhar, K.E., Kenny, G.E., Perla, D.E., and Hausbeck, M.K. 2023. An evaluation of year-to-year fungicide efficacy and cultivar resistance combined with fungicide programs to manage cucumber downy mildew. Crop Protection 168:106176. DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2022.106176.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Katuuramu, D. N., Levi, A., & Wechter, W. P. 2023. Genome-wide association study of soluble solids content, flesh color, and fruit shape in citron watermelon. The Plant Genome, 00, e20391. https://doi.org/10.1002/tpg2.20391
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Katuuramu D.N., A. Levi and W.P. Wechter. 2023. Genetic control of flowering time and fruit yield in citron watermelon. Front. Plant Sci., 10 Sec. Plant BreedingVolume 14. | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2023.1236576
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Keinath, A. P. 2022. Reduced sensitivity of Pseudoperonospora cubensis clades 1 and 2 to oxathiapiprolin in South Carolina. Plant Health Prog. 23(3):256-259.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Keinath, A. P., Colburn, G. C., and Yang, X. 2023. Differential susceptibility of two Citrullus amarus pollenizer watermelons to five species of Pythium and Globisporangium. Plant Dis. 107(9):2620-2623.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kousik, C.S., Ikerd, J.L., Mandal, M., Adkins, S. and Turechek, W.W. 2023. USVL531-MDR: Watermelon germplasm line with broad resistance to powdery mildew and Phytophthora fruit rot. HortScience. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI16907-22
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Adams, L, McGregor C (2022) QTL associated with resistance to Stagonosporopsis citrulli in Citrullus amarus. Scientific Reports 12(1): 19628
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Liu M, Kang B, Wu H, Aranda MA, Peng B, Liu L, Fei Z, Hong N, Gu Q (2023) Transcriptomic and metabolic profiling of watermelon uncovers the role of salicylic acid and flavonoids in the resistance to cucumber green mottle mosaic virus. J Exp Bot 74:5218-5235
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Mondal, S., Jenkins Hladky, L., and Wintermantel, W.M. 2023. Differential seasonal prevalence of yellowing viruses infecting melon crops in southern California and Arizona determined by multiplex RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. Plant Disease https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-22-1512-RE.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Parada-Rojas C. H.S and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2022) Phytophthora capsici populations are structured by geography, host, and fluopicolide sensitivity. Phytopathology 112: 1559-1567.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Perla, D.E., Hayden, Z.D., and Hausbeck, M. 2023. Commercial Hard Squash Cultivars Exhibit Differences in Susceptibility to Phytophthora Crown Rot. Plant Health Progress (First Look). DOI: 10.1094/PHP-01-23-0009-RS.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Mondal, S., Jenkins Hladky, L., and Wintermantel, W.M. 2022. Methods for detection and quantification of four whitefly-transmitted viruses of cucurbit crops during mixed infections. Cucurbitaceae 2022
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Branham, S. (Presenter), Ganaparthi, V. (co-author), Kousik, C. (co-author), Wechter, W. P. (co-author), Park, Y. (co-author), Wehner, T. (co-author), Davis, A. (co-author), Tetteh, A. (co-author), Hammar, S. (co-author), Grumet, R. (co-author), Levi, A. (co-author), Cucurbitaceae 2022, "XP-GWAS and marker development for resistance to powdery mildew race 2w in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus)."
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Fei Z (2022) A super-pangenome of cultivated and wild watermelon species. Cucurbitaceae 2022.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Fei Z (2023) Pangenomes of wild and dessert watermelons. VII International Symposium on Cucurbits. Zhengzhou, China
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Ganaparthi, V. R.., Wechter, W. P., Rennberger, G., Levi, A., Branham, S. 2022. QTL mapping and marker development for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum race 2 in an interspecific Citrullus amarus/lanatus population. Cucurbitaceae 2022
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kousik, C.S., Chanda, B., Mandal, M., Ikerd, J., Sudarshana, M., Turechek, W.W., Adkin, S. 2022. Identifying and Confirming Resistance to Whitefly-Transmitted Cucurbit Leaf Crumple Virus in Watermelon Using Infectious Clones. Cucurbitaceae 2022.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Landr�n A. and A.M. Linares. 2022. Screening for powdery mildew resistance in Cucurbita moschata in Lajas, Puerto Rico. Cucurbitaceae 2022. p. 37
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Landr�n, A. and A.M. Linares-Ram�rez. 2022. Identification of Powdery Mildew Causal Agent In Cucurbita moschata for Breeding Purposes in Lajas, Puerto Rico. HortSciece 7(9):S155.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Lin Y-C, Grumet R. 2022. QTL Mapping for Young Fruit Resistance to Phytophthora capsici in Cucumber. Cucurbitaceae 2022.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Lin Y-C, Rett-Cadman S, Grumet R. 2023. Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Fruit Morphological Traits for the USDA Cucumber Core Collection. Plant and Animal Genome Conference
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Luckew, A., Bag, S., Srinivasan, R., Dutta, B., Da Silva, A.L.B.R., Meru, G., and C.E. McGregor. 2022. Genome wide association study of C. pepo evaluated for whiteflies and their transmitted viruses. Cucurbitaceae 2022, Naples, Florida
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Melanson, R.A. and Wintermantel, W.M. 2022. A new working group to address emerging viruses in cucurbits. Cucurbitaceae 2022,
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Meru, G., Michael, N., Acharya, S., Fu, Y., Shrestha, S. and Sabharwal, P. 2022. RNA SEQ reveals potential defense mechanisms against Phytophthora capsici in squash. Cucurbitaceae Meeting on Cucurbits, Naples FL
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Meru G. 2023. Development and application of genomic tools for squash breeding and genetics. Annual Conference for the American Society for Horticultural Science, Orlando FL
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Michel S., Schultheis J., Keinath A., and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. Incidence and yield response of seedless watermelon cultivars affected with Fusarium wilt. Cucurbitaceae, Naples, FL
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Mondal, S., Ando, K., Tamang, P., Fashing, P., Chen, C., Wintermantel, W.M., and McCreight, J.D. . 2022. Advancement of CYSDV-resistant melon lines using marker-assisted selection. Cucurbitaceae 2022
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Mondal, S., Ando, K., Tamang, P., Fashing, P., Chen, C., Wintermantel, W.M., and McCreight, J.D. 2023. Advancement of CYSDV-resistant melon lines using marker-assisted selection. American Phytopathological Society, Annual meeting, August 12 16, Denver, Colorado
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Quesada-Ocampo, L.M., Parada-Rojas, C.H., Hansen, Z., Vogel, G., Smart, C., Hausbeck, M.K., Carmo, R.M., Huitema, E., Naegele, R.P., Kousik, C.S., Tandy, P., and Lamour, K. 2023. Phytophthora capsici: Recent Progress on Fundamental Biology and Disease Management 100 Years After Its Description. Annual Review of Phytopathology 61:185-208. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021622-103801.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sanogo, S., Lamour, K., Kousik, C.S., Lozada, D.N., Parada-Rojas, C.H., Quesada-Ocampo, L.M., Wyenandt, C.A., Babadoost, M., Hausbeck, M.K., Hansen, Z., Ali, E., McGrath, M.T., Hu, J., Crosby, K., and Miller, S.A. 2022. Phytophthora capsici, 100 Years Later: Research Mile Markers from 1922 to 2022. Phytopathology 113(6): 921-930. DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-22-0297-rvw.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Shirley A. M., Vallad G. E., Dufault N., Raid R., and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2022) Duration of disease control for fungicides against cucurbit downy mildew under Florida field conditions. Plant Disease 106: 1167-1174.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Shrestha, S., Meru, G., Fu, Y., Moon, P. 2022. Embryo rescue protocol for interspecific hybridization in squash. J. Vis. Exp. (187), e64071, doi:10.3791/64071. Embryo rescue protocol was developed for the interspecific transfer of Phytophthora crown resistance (and other traits) from Cucurbita moschata background into Cucurbita pepo background.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Toporek SM, Branham SE, Keinath AP, Wechter WP. 2023. QTL Mapping of Resistance to Pseudoperonospora cubensis Clade 2, Mating Type A1, in Cucumis melo and Dual-Clade Marker Development. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 136(4): 91.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Uebbing, M.R., Hayden, Z.D., and Hausbeck, M.K. 2023. Scheduling Fungicide Applications for Cucurbit Downy Mildew Control on Pickling Cucumber in Michigan using Disease Forecasters. Plant Health Progress (First Look). DOI: 10.1094/PHP-07-23-0066-RS
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Uebbing, M.R., Hayden, Z.D., and Hausbeck, M.K. 2023. Conventional and Biopesticide Fungicides for Cucurbit Downy Mildew Control on Cucumber in Michigan. Plant Health Progress (First Look). DOI: 10.1094/PHP-03-23-0024-RS
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Vaughn JN, Branham SE, Abernathy BL, Hulse-Kemp AM, Rivers A, Levi A, Wechter WP. 2022. Graph-based pangenomics maximizes genotyping density and reveals structural impacts on fungal resistance in melon. Nature Communications 13(1): 7897
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Vogel, G, Giles, G, Robbins, KR, Gore, MA, and Smart CD (2023). Quantitative genetic analysis of interactions in the pepper-Phytophthora capsici pathosystem. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 35:1018-1033 https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-12-21-0307-R
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Wu, S., Sun, H., Gao, L., Branham, S., Mcgregor, C., Xu, Y., Kousik, C.S., Wechter, W., Levi, A., Fei, Z. 2023. A Citrullus genus super-pangenome reveals extensive variations in wild and cultivated watermelons and sheds light on watermelon evolution and domestication. Plant Biotechnology Journal. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1111/pbi.14120
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Yu J, Wu S, Sun H, Wang X, Tang X, Guo S, Zhang Z, Huang S, Xu Y, Weng Y, Mazourek M, McGregor C, Renner SS, Branham S, Kousik C, Wechter WP, Levi A, Grumet R, Zheng Y, Fei Z (2023) CuGenDBv2: An updated database for cucurbit genomics. Nucleic Acids Research 51:D1457-D1464 (CucCAP support was cited) https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac921
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Induri, B., Nimmakayala, P., Reddy, U.K. (2023). Genomic Resources for Disease Resistance in Watermelon. In: Dutta, S.K., Nimmakayala, P., Reddy, U.K. (eds) The Watermelon Genome . Compendium of Plant Genomes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34716-0_10
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Egel, D.S., Foster, R., Maynard, E., Weller, S., Babadoost, M., Nair, A., Rivard, C., Kennelly, M., Hausbeck, M., Szendrei, Z., Hutchison, B., Orshinsky, A., Eaton, T., Welty, C., Miller, S., eds. 2016-23. Midwest Vegetable Production Guide for Commercial Growers. Michigan State University Extension Bulletin 0312.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Egel D., Adkins S., Wintermantel B., Keinath T., DArcangelo K., Parada-Rojas C. H., Rennberger G., Toporek S., Hausbeck M., and Quesada-Ocampo L. (2022) Diseases of cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, squash, and watermelons. In: Handbook of Plant Disease Management. Handbook of Vegetable and Herb Diseases. Editors: Elmer W., McGrath M. T., and McGovern R. Springer.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Purushothaman Natarajan, Padma Nimmakayala, Carlos Lopez-Ortiz, Akilan Rathnagiri, Luis A. Rivera-Burgos, Nebahat Sari, Todd C. Wehner, Amnon Levi, Yan Tomason, Umesh K. Reddy (2022) Whole-genome scanning using QTL-Seq and GWAS for gummy stem blight resistance in watermelon. Cucurbitaceae 2022
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Purushothaman Natarajan, Padma Nimmakayala, Carlos Lopez-Ortiz, Akilan Rathnagiri, Luis A. Rivera-Burgos, Nebahat Sari, Todd C. Wehner, Amnon Levi, Yan Tomason, Umesh K. Reddy (2023) Whole-genome scanning using QTL-Seq and GWAS for gummy stem blight resistance in watermelon. The International Plant and Animal Genome Conference 2023
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Parada-Rojas C. H. and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2022) Phytophthora capsici populations structure by host, geography, and fluopicolide sensitivity. Phytopathology 112: S3.102.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Perla, D.E., Hayden, Z.D., and Hausbeck, M.K. 2022. Commercial hard squash cultivars exhibit differences in resistance to Phytophthora fruit and crown rot. Cucurbitaceae 2022
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Perla, D.E., Hayden, Z.D., and Hausbeck, M.K. 2022. Assessment of hard squash cultivars for resistance to crown rot caused by Phytophthora capsici and sugar content. American Phytopathological Society North Central Division Meeting. Lincoln, NE,
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Perla, D., Medina-Mora, C.M., Engfehr, C., and Hausbeck, M.K. 2023. Evaluating hard squash cultivars for susceptibility to powdery mildew and fruit rot. 12th International Congress on Plant Pathology, The International Society for Plant Pathology and the French Phytopathological Society. Lyon, France
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Prieto-Torres, M. and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. 2023. Monitoring for mutations related to oxathiapiprolin fungicide resistance in Pseudoperonospora cubensis populations. American Phytopathological Society-Southern Division, Durham, NC.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Rett-Cadman S, Hammar S, Grumet R. 2023. Isolation and Characterization of Lipid Droplets in Cucumber Fruit. Plant and Animal Genome Conference, San Diego CA
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rijal, S. And C.E. McGregor. 2022. Marker-Assisted Breeding for Gummy Stem Blight Resistance in Watermelon. Cucurbitaceae, Naples, Florida
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rosado-Rivera Y. I., Adams M. L., DArcangelo K. N. and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. Downy mildew disease management of cucumber and squash in North Carolina. Cucurbitaceae, Naples, FL
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sabharwal, P., Smart, C., Indermaur, L., Day, C.T., Mazourek, M., Inzinna, G., Hausbeck, M., Medina-Mora, C., and Meru, G. 2023. Evaluation of Cucurbita pepo germplasm for resistance to powdery mildew. Annual Conference, American Society for Horticultural Science. Orlando, FL.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Uebbing M.R., and Hausbeck M.K. 2022. Using weather conditions to time fungicide application intervals for control of downy mildew on cucumber. American Phytopathological Society North Central Division meeting. Lincoln, NE
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Wintermantel, W.M. and Mondal, S. 2022. Seasonal prevalence and spread of whitefly-transmitted viruses in western United states melon production regions. Cucurbitaceae 2022, October 30-November 2, Naples, Florida
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Wintermantel, W.M., and Mondal, S. 2023. Competitiveness of whitefly-transmitted yellowing viruses can influence virus dominance in cucurbit crops. Southern Division American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, February 13-16, 2023, Durham, NC
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Wintermantel, W.M. 2023. A historical perspective of cucurbit virus emergence and impact in the United States. American Phytopathological Society, Annual meeting, August 12 16, Denver, Colorado
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Wintermantel, W.M., and Mondal, S. 2023. Factors influencing epidemiology and spread of whitefly-transmitted cucurbit viruses in the US vary among production regions. International Congress of Plant Pathology, August 20-25, 2023, Lyon, France.
Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Heagy, K. 2023. Cultural Management Practices for Maximizing and Predicting Pumpkin Yield. MS Thesis. North Carolina State University, Raleigh NC
Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Perla, D.E. 2023. Managing Phytophthora diseases of vegetables using host resistance. MS Thesis. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Tan, J. (2022) Genetic Mapping of Downy and Powdery Mildew Resistances and Characterization of CsSGR-dependent Broad-spectrum Disease Resistance in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). PhD Dissertation. University of Wisconsin, Madison WI
Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Uebbing, M.R. D.E. 2023. Managing cucurbit downy mildew on pickling cucumber using disease forecasters and fungicides. MS Thesis. Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Wu, S., Sun, H., Gao, L., Branham, S., McGregor, C., Wu, Y., Kousik, C., Wechter, W. P., Levi, A., Fei, Z. 2023., "Super-Pangenome of Wild and Cultivated Watermelons." Plant and Animal Genome Conference, San Diego
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Zia, B., Weng, Y., Cutulle, M.A. and Ling, K.-S. 2022. Identification of Genetic Sources of Resistance to the Emerging Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus in Cucumber Lines. American Phytopathological Society, Pittsburgh, PA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Zia, B., Yiqun Weng, Y., Chen, F., Levi, A., Matthew A. Cutulle, M.A., and Ling, K.-S. 2022. Identification and characterization of genetic resistance in cucumber and watermelon to Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus. (Cucurbitaceae 2022, Naples, FL).

Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22

Outputs
Target Audience:Our target audiences are our key stakeholders: the cucurbit industries (growers, shippers, processors) who depend on high crop quality, disease resistant cultivars and effective integrated management strategies; the cucurbit breeding community (seed companies and public breeders) who must develop these cultivars; and the scientific community who develop knowledge to facilitate more effective plant breeding and disease control strategiesand train the next generation of agricultural scientists. We engaged stakeholders via: (a) organizing the international Cucurbitaceae 2022 conference held in Naples FL [this conference is held once every 4 years in North America]; (b) organizing or participating in field days, research 'open houses', extension workshops, agricultural expositions, and industry group meetings; (c) presentations at regional, national, and international scientific meetings; (d) web-based communication, project newsletters (the CucCAP Chronicle), and cucurbit disease diagnostic and control information, through https://cuccap.org/; (e) expansion of cucurbit genomic and breeding databases, tools and bioinformatics platforms through http://cucurbitgenomics.org/; (f) sharing genetic and marker information and germplasm releases for cucurbit breeding; (g) scientific and extension publications; (h) experimental trials at off-campus university farms located within grower communities and collaborative research with seed companies for disease trials, marker verification and seed multiplication. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? The CucCAP2 has project provided training opportunities for 8 post-docs and 20 graduate students (fully or partially supported by CucCAP) and 9 undergraduate students in the areas of plant breeding, genetics, genomics, bioinformatics, plant pathology, extension and agricultural economics. Training opportunities included thesis or dissertation research; participation in computational, laboratory, greenhouse or field based projects; contributions to scientific and/or extension publications; and opportunities to present findings to industry and scientific audiences. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In the past year the CucCAP team collectively published 23 CucCAP-related refereed publications and 22 CucCAP-related extension publications, web-materials, or webinars. In addition, we made 43 CucCAP-related presentations at scientific conferences, universities, and more than 26 CucCAP-related presentations in commodity-based venues. Establishment of the two cross-linked websites, http://cucurbitgenomics.org for bioinformatics and genomics, and https://cuccap.org/ for disease control information, have been a major route to disseminate information. Specific examples of interactions with the cucurbit industries, and scientific and breeding communities are listed below. A. Interaction with Cucurbit Industries. CucCAP team members have had extensive interaction with the cucurbit industries they serve through a variety of venues. These include presentations of CucCAP related work and participation in industry and grower meetings and field days such as: Piedmont Research Station Horticulture and Specialty Crops Field Day NC Watermelon Production meeting (multiple CucCAP participants and presentations) North Carolina Vegetable Growers Association Ag Expo (multiple CucCAP participants and presentations) Watermelon Research & Development Group Annual Meeting Florida State Horticultural Society In-service training for Commercial Horticulture Agents, South Carolina (multiple presentations) Clemson Extension meetings and field presentations Advanced Master Gardener Training, Clemson University Michigan State Univ. Extension meetings and field presentations Michigan IMP Alliance EPA Crop Tour Great Lakes Farm, Fruit and Vegetable EXPO (multiple CucCAP participants and presentations) New York State Producers Expo Long Island (NY) Ag Forum Pickle Packers International Conference (multiple CucCAP participants and presentations) Agri-Food Canada Syngenta Canada Fruit and Vegetable Webinar Asia Pacific Seed Association B. Interaction with cucurbit scientific and breeding communities. The CucCAP project has interacted with the broader scientific and breeding communities through active participation in national and international scientific conferences; seminar presentations; and collaborative research with industry partners. CucCAP team members have attended and presented CucCAP-related work at numerous venues including: American Phytopathological Society (multiple CucCAP participants and presentations) American Society for Horticultural Science (multiple CucCAP participants and presentations) National Association of Plant Breeders Entomological Society of America International Symposium of Horticulture and Plant Biology International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions International IPM Symposium Southern Region American Society for Horticultural Science (multiple CucCAP participants and presentations) Southern Division of the American Phytopathological Society American Phytopathological Society North Central Division Meeting Joint Southeastern Branch Entomological Society of America and American Phytopathological Society- Caribbean Division (multiple CucCAP participants and presentations) Cornell University, School of Integrative Plant Science Spring Seminar Series Cornell University Corteva Plant Breeding Symposium Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, State University, Raleigh, NC Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Plant Genomes, Systems Biology & Engineering University of North Carolina at Charlotte Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University Department of Plant Soil and Microbial Sciences, Michigan State University Institute of Plant Breeding, Genetics, and Genomics, University of Georgia Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia South Korean Society of Plant Breeders and Geneticists Australasian Plant Pathology Society, Australia ASIA-Pacific Agrobiological Genome Symposium Zhejiang University Shandong Agricultural University Department of Vegetable Science, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India Horticultural University, India What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Each CucCAP team [the four crop teams(watermelon, melon, cucumber, squash); bioinformatics; integrated disease management] will continue working on the CucCAP project objectives including: Obj 1. Genomic and bioinformatic tools. Seed multiplication and re-sequencing (~30X) of the core populations will be completed for the four crops. Genetic variants will identified and made available for mining through http://cucurbitgenomics.org. Additional pan-genomes and cross species super-pangenomes will be developed. Development of the phenotype database will be initiated. Obj 2. Identify, map, and develop markers for resistances to important cucurbit diseases. Efforts will continue to develop segregating populations, phenotype disease responses, identify QTL, perform fine-mapping and develop markers for the 17 crop-disease combinations. Obj 3. Introduce and pyramid/stack resistances into advanced breeding lines. Efforts will continue, or be initiated, to introgress identified resistances from Obj 2 into advanced breeding lines with multiple resistances and desirable fruit quality. Obj 4. Perform multi-location, multi-isolate trials of resistances, assess economic impacts, and provide state-of-the-art disease control recommendations. We will continue to maintain, update and develop new disease diagnostic and control informational materials for the CucCAP website, produce extension publications and present face-to-face informational sessions for cucurbit disease management. A series of replicated multi-location trials to evaluate breeding lines in combination with integrated disease control strategies will be performed in MI, NC, NY and SC. Efforts will be continued to collect geographically diverse pathogen samples and develop markers to analyze pathogen populations. Additional updated crop budgets and costs of disease control estimates will be developed and willingness to pay surveys will be performed.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Producers and processors of cucurbits (watermelon, melon, cucumber, squash) consistently identify diseases as their primary constraint causing severe reductions in yield and quality, increased labor and expenses for disease control, negative environmental impacts from pesticides, and loss of profitability. The most cost-effective, environmentally desirable solution is disease-resistant cultivars deployed with effective integrated disease management strategies. To this end, CucCAP2 is developing and delivering (1) advanced genomic, bioinformatic, and breeding tools for cucurbits; (2) utilizing genomic approaches to identify, map, and develop markers for resistances to industry-identified priority diseases; (3) introducing and combining resistances in advanced breeding lines; and (4) performing multi-location, multi-isolate trials with cultivars and breeding lines to improve integrated disease management and assess economic impacts. Genomic and bioinformatic tools are critical for modern plant breeding. They enable identification of molecular markers associated with disease resistances, reducing time and costs for development of new resistant varieties. Evidence of value of these tools is our active collaboration with 11 national and international seed companies that utilize our databases and directly support our work by multiplying seed, performing disease tests, and verifying molecular markers. Farmers benefit from development of new varieties, development of integrated disease management tools, and delivery of up-to-date best management practices. Specific progress toward these objectives for the reporting period: (1) Develop genomic and bioinformatic tools.(A) Develop high-resolution genotyping platforms by resequencing core collections for the curcurbit crops; constructhigh-resolution genome-wide variome maps; constructpan-genomes. Genome resequencing of the cucumber core collection (388 accessions, average depth 30x) was completed. Genetic variants have been called and are available for mining in the CuGenDBv2 database. Genomic DNA of 240 Cucurbita accessions was extracted; resequencing is underway. Resequencing data were generated for 200 Citrullus spp accessions; pan-genomes for C. lanatus, C. mucosospermus, C. amarus and C. colocynthis and a Citrullus super-pangenome were constructed. Long read resequencing, genome assemblies, and protein coding gene predictions were generated for 25 cucumber accessions, 124 Citrullus spp. accessions and 5 Cucurbita spp. accessions. (B) Maintain and enhance the Cucurbit Genomics Database (http://cucurbitgenomics.org/), develop breeder-friendly web-based databaases for genotype, phenotype and germplasm information. An updated version of the Cucurbit Genomics Database (v2) was developed and released in 2022including a new 'Genotype' module with functions to extract variants (SNPs, indels) and improved 'Expression' and 'Synteny' modules. (C)Perform seed multiplications of core collections of the four species; assess genetic diversity; provide community resources for GWAS (genome wide association studies).Seed multiplications are being performed by collaborating seed companies. Seeds were received for ~100 cucumber lines, 147 Cucurbita accessions, others are in progress. Arrangements were made for seed increases for watermelon and melon. (2) Identify, map, develop markers for disease resistances. Watermelon:Mapping studies narrowed QTL intervals for Fusarium race 2 (Fon2), KASP markers were developed; additional QTL were identified and verified. Disease screening of the C. amarus core collection for Fon2, gummy stem blight (GSB), and downy mildew (DM) and GWAS analysis to identify novel QTL. XP-GWAS was performed for powdery mildew (PW) resistance; KASP markers were designed and validated for 3 QTL. 190 RIL lines were evaluated for resistance to PW and Phytophthora fruit rot. Populations were developed and screened to map resistance to CGMMV from C. colocynthis. Populations are being developed and utilized to map new sources of GSB resistance. Melon: A QTL for CYSDV resistance, was narrowed to 1Mb and markers developed. Cucumber: Fine mapping narrowed the QTL for Phytophthora fruit rot on chromosome 5. Fine mapping was performed for DM resistance QTL dm4.1 and dm5.3 and candidate genes identified for each. Three lines were identified with tolerance to CGMMV and populations developed to study inheritance. Squash: Breeding lines and tropical pumpkins (C. moschata) were evaluated for resistance to PM. Major QTL were identified and populations developed for fine mapping. C. pepo populations were developed for resistance to Phytophthora crown rot. (3) Introduce and pyramid/stack resistances into advanced breeding lines. Watermelon: Phenotypic and marker-based selections were made to introduce Fon2 and Phytophthora resistance into commercial germplasm. Multiple disease resistant (MDR) lines were field evaluated for PM and Phytophthora fruit rot; USVL531-MDR was publicly released. QTL for GSB are being introgressed into elite backgrounds along with fruit quality characteristics. Melon: Phenotypic and marker selections continued for advanced lines with horticultural quality and resistance to PM and Fusarium. Cucumber: Breeding lines were developed carrying three QTL for resistance to DM and a QTL for Phytophthora fruit rot resistance. Breeding lines were field tested for DM resistance in SC. Squash: Pumpkin and butternut squash populations were generated with resistance to PM. Bridge lines of C. pepo x C. moschata were developed to transfer resistance to Phytophthora crown rot. (4) Perform multi-location, multi-isolate trials, assess economic impacts, provide state-of-the-art disease control recommendations. (A) Disease control recommendations. CucCAP website: Cucurbit disease factsheets, production manuals, and integrated pest management resources for the Northeast, Southeast and the Midwest are maintained and updated along with notices of regional commodity meetings and Extension education sessions. Other disease control information: MI: Regular updates of downy mildew spore trap and disease report data. NC: Diagnostics and disease management recommendations; cultivar and management recommendations through oral presentations; and development of disease management resources. NY: farm visits and correspondence for cucurbit disease control. NC,SC,NY,MI: Disease control recommendations to extension educators, field days, grower meetings. (B) Multi-location, multi-isolate trials to evaluate breeding lines in combination with integrated disease control. Watermelon-PM: Replicated experiments and multi-isolate trials, SC, NC. Watermelon-Fusarium: Replicated trials, SC, NC. Cucumber-DM: Replicated trials, MI, NC, SC. Squash-PM. Trial of GWAS panel (201 entries) in MI and NY. Squash- Phytophthora crown rot. Replicated trials, MI, NY. Squash-Phytophthora fruit rot. Replicated trial, MI. Combining fungicides and genetic resistance: Cucurbit-DM in MI, NY, six fungicide programs. Squash-PM in MI, NC, NY, six fungicide programs. Squash Phytophthora crown rot MI, NY, five chemical programs. (C) Collect geographically diverse pathogen samples and develop markers to analyze pathogen populations to inform breeding and disease management. Pseudoperonospora cubensis (DM) isolates were collected from cucurbits in NC, SC, and FL and population genetic analysis performed; 162 P. capsici samples were collected from NY farms and genotyped. (D) Assess economic impacts of disease and gains from control tools, and valuation of crop attributes. A literature review for survey methods and results regarding willingness to pay (WTP) for produce was completed and published and draft WTP survey instrument developed.

Publications

Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Adeleke IA, Kavalappara SR, McGregor C, Srinivasan R, Bag S (2022) Persistent and asymptomatic virus infections are common along with whitefly-transmitted viruses impacting cantaloupe and watermelon in Georgia, USA. Viruses 14, 1310
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Adeleke IA, Kavalappara SR, Torrance T, Bennett JE, McGregor C, Srinivasan R, Bag S (2022) First report of watermelon crinkle leaf-associated virus 1 naturally infecting watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) in Georgia, USA. Plant Disease 106:8, 2273
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Bello Rodriguez, J.C., Higgins, D.S., Sakalidis, M., Quesada-Ocampo, L., Martin, F.N., and Hausbeck, M.K. 2022. Clade-specific monitoring of airborne Pseudoperonospora spp. Sporangia using mitochondrial DNA markers for disease management of cucurbit downy mildew. Phytopathology 112(10): 2110-2125. 2015-51181-24285
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Chanda, B., Wu, S., Fei, Z., Ling, K., Levi, A. 2022. Elevated expression of ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) genes in potyvirus-resistant watermelon in response to viral infection. Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology. 44(4):615-625. https://doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2021.2021450.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Fulton JC, Cullen MA, Beckham K, Sanchez T, Xu Z, Stern P, Vallad G, Meru G, McGregor C, Dufault NS. (2021) A Contrast of Three Inoculation Techniques used to Determine the Race of Unknown Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. niveum Isolates. J Vis Exp. (176). doi: 10.3791/63181. PMID: 34779434.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Govindasamy, Ramu; Arumugam, Surendran; Hausbeck, Mary; Wyenandt, Andrew; Simon, James E.2022. The impact of downy mildew on high-value cucurbit crops in the US: an econometric analysis. Agricultural Economics Research Review 35: 37-44.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Govindasamy, R., Hausbeck, M.K., Simon, J., and Wyenandt, A. 2021. Downy Mildew Impacts and Control Measure on Cucurbits in the United States. Journal of the American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers 2021:78-88.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Indermaur, E. J., Day, C. T. C., and Smart, C. D. 2022. Evaluation of squash cultivars and breeding lines for powdery mildew resistance, 2021. Plant Disease Management Reports. Report No. 16:V171
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Karki, K., Negi, V.S., Coolong, T., Petkar, A., Mandal, M., Kousik, C.S., Gitaitis, R., Hajihassani, A., and Dutta, B. 2022. Micronutrients Affect Expression of Induced Resistance Genes in Hydroponically Grown Watermelon against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Meloidogyne incognita. Pathogens 2022, 11, 1136. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11101136
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Katuuramu, D.N., Branham, S.E., Levi, A., Wechter, W.P. 2022. Genome-wide association analysis of resistance to Pseudoperonospora cubensis in citron watermelon. Plant Disease. 106:1952-1958. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-08-21-1611-RE
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kilduff, Alice and Daniel Tregeagle. Willingness-to-Pay for Produce: A Meta-Regression Analysis Comparing the Stated Preferences of Producers and Consumers. Horticulturae, 2022, 8(4), 290.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kousik, C.S., Ikerd, J.L., Wechter, W.P., Branham, S.E., Turechek, W.W. 2022. Broad resistance to post-harvest fruit rot in USVL watermelon germplasm lines to isolates of Phytophthora capsici from across USA. Plant Disease 106:711-719 https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-20-2480-RE
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Li H, Wang S, Chai S, Yang Z, Zhang Q, Xin H, Xu Y, Lin S, Chen X, Yao Z, Yang Q, Fei Z, Huang S, Zhang Z (2022) Graph-based pan-genome reveals structural and sequence variations related to agronomic traits and domestication in cucumber. Nature Communications 13, 682
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kousik C., Quesada-Ocampo L. M., Keinath A., Hausbeck M., Granke L., Naegele R., and Ji P. 2021. Managing stubborn oomycete plant pathogens. Plant Health Progress 22: 215-218.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Liu HQ, Weng Y (2022) Chapter 5. Agrobacterium Tumefaciens-Mediated Genetic Transformation in Cucumber. In: Pandey S, Weng Y, Behera TK, Bo KL (eds) The Cucumber Genome. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. pp 55-69
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Luckew A, Meru G, Wang Y-Y, Mwatuwa R, Paret M, Carvalho R, Kalischuk M, Ribeiro da Silva ALB, Candian J, Dutta B, Srinivasan R, Kavalappara SR, RRD NCK, Bag S, McGregor C (2022) Field Evaluation of Cucurbita Germplasm for Resistance to Whiteflies and Whitefly-transmitted Viruses. HortScience 57:337-344
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Yu J, Wu S, Sun H, Wang X, Tang X, Guo S, Zhang Z, Huang S, Xu Y, Weng Y, Mazourek M, McGregor C, Renner SS, Branham S, Kousik C, Wechter WP, Levi A, Grumet R, Zheng Y, Fei Z (2022) CuGenDBv2: An updated database for cucurbit genomics. Nucleic Acids Research. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkac921
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: 3)Zhang HJ, Wang YH, Tan JY, Weng Y (2022) Functional copy number variation of CsSHINE1 is associated with fruit skin netting intensity in cucumber, Cucumis sativus. Theor Appl Genet doi: 10.1007/s00122-022-04100-4
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Adams M. L., Batts T. M. , Collins H., Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2021) Evaluation of fungicides for control of downy mildew on cucumber, Saratoga, NC 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports: 15: V106.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Adams M. L., Collins H., Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2021) Evaluation of fungicides for control of downy mildew on cucumber, Clayton, NC 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports: 15: V125.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Adams M. L., Collins H., Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2021) Evaluation of fungicides for control of downy mildew on cucumber, Clinton, NC 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports: 15: V124.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Padma Nimmakayala, Purushothaman Natarajan, Carlos Lopez Ortiz, Amnon Levi, Umesh K. Reddy. 2022. Population Genomics of sweet watermelon. Om P. Rajora (ed.), Population Genomics: Crop Plants, Population Genomics [Om P. Rajora (Editor-in-Chief)], https://doi.org/10.1007/13836_2022_102, � Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Perez-Escobar OA, Tusso S, Przelomska NAS, Wu S, Ryan P, Nesbitt M, Silber MV, Preick M, Fei Z, Hofreiter M, Chomicki G, Renner SS (2022) Genome sequencing of up to 6,000-yr-old Citrullus seeds reveals use of a bitter-fleshed species prior to watermelon domestication. Molecular Biology Evolution 8, msac168
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Reddy UK, Natarajan P, Lakshmi Abburi V, Tomason Y, Levi A, Nimmakayala P. What makes a giant fruit? Assembling a genomic toolkit underlying various fruit traits of the mammoth group of Cucurbita maxima. Frontiers in Genetics. 2022 13:1005158
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Tan JY, Wang YH, Dymerski RD, Wu ZM, Weng Y (2022) Sigma factor binding protein 1 (CsSIB1) is a putative candidate of the major effect QTL dm5.3 for downy mildew resistance in cucumber (Cucumis sativus). Theor Appl Genet https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-022-04212-x
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: 2) Weng Y (2022) Chapter 3. The Cucumber GenomeAn Update. In: Pandey S, Weng Y, Behera TK, Bo KL (eds) The Cucumber Genome. Springer Nature Switzerland AG. pp 25-35
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Adams M. L., Collins H., Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2021) Evaluation of cultivars in combination with fungicides for control of downy mildew and yield effects on cucumber, Clinton, NC II 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports: 15: V140.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Adams M. L., Collins H., Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2021) Evaluation of fungicides for control of downy mildew on cucumber, Clinton, NC III 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports: 15: V142.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Adams M. L., Collins H., Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2021) Evaluation of fungicides for control of powdery mildew of pumpkin, Kinston 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports: 15: V105
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Adams M. L., Collins H., Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2021) Evaluation of fungicides for control of powdery mildew of pumpkin, Kinston II 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports: 15: V104.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Adams M. L., Collins H., Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2021) Evaluation of fungicides for control of downy mildew of winter squash, Kinston 2020. Plant Disease Management Reports: 15: V167
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: " Egel S. E., Adkins S. T., Wintermantel W. M., Keinath A. P., DArcangelo K. N., Parada-Rojas C. H., Rennberger, G., Toporek S. M., Hausbeck M. K., and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. 2022. Diseases of Cucumbers, Melons, Pumpkins, Squash, and Watermelons. Handbook of Vegetable and Herb Diseases: 1-105.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: " Egel, D.S., Foster, R., Maynard, E., Weller, S., Babadoost, M., Nair, A., Rivard, C., Kennelly, M., Hausbeck, M., Szendrei, Z., Hutchison, B., Orshinsky, A., Eaton, T., Welty, C., Miller, S., eds. Midwest Vegetable Production Guide for Commercial Growers. 2021-2022. Michigan State University Extension Bulletin 0312. Updated yearly.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hausbeck, M. and Uebbing, M. 2021. Cucurbit downey mildew research cuts risk. Vegetable Growers News: Dec 2021
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hausbeck, M.K. and Uebbing, M.R. 2021. Managing cucurbit downy mildew. Updated Dec. 2021. Online at https://veggies.msu.edu/extension-publications/#FactSheets. 2020-51181-32139
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hausbeck, M.K., Higgins, D., and Engfehr C. 2021. Managing Phytophthora on summer squash and zucchini. Updated Dec. 2021. Online at https://veggies.msu.edu/extension-publications/#FactSheets.2020-51181-32139
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hausbeck, M.K., Higgins, D., and Engfehr C. 2021. Managing Phytophthora on winter squash and pumpkin. Updated Dec. 2021. Online at https://veggies.msu.edu/extension-publications/#FactSheets. 2020-51181-32139
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Hausbeck, M.K. 2022. Advances made against cucumber downy mildew. Vegetable Growers News: 22 March.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Hausbeck, M., Peterson, A., and Uebbing, M. 2022. First cucurbit downy mildew spores identified in air samples in Bay and Saginaw counties. MSU Extension News for Agriculture-Vegetables: 13 Jun
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Hausbeck, M., Peterson, A., and Medina-Mora, C. 2022. Downy mildew detected on cukes in Muskegon and Allegan, several counties have positive air samples. MSU Extension News for Agriculture-Vegetables: 25 July
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Hausbeck, M.K. 2022. Downy Mildews Are No Fun. GrowerTalks: January 2022
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Attaway, A. D., and Keinath, A. P. 2021. Clemson research shows cultivar selection critical for managing fusarium wilt in watermelon. https://news.clemson.edu/clemson-research-shows-cultivar-selection-critical-for-managing-fusarium-wilt-in-watermelon/
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Bryant, T. B. and Keinath, A. P. 2021. Cultivar Selection Plays a Critical Role in the Management of a Damaging Disease of Watermelon. Clemson IPM Program Newsletter 1:5-6. https://www.clemson.edu/extension/ipm/files/newsletter-51.pdf
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Bryant, T. B. and Keinath, A. P. 2022. Using Host Plant Resistance to Manage Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon. Clemson IPM Program Newsletter 10:4-5. https://www.clemson.edu/extension/ipm/files/newsletter-10.pdf
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Keinath, A., and Last, R. 2022. Fusarium Wilt Symptoms in Watermelon at Fruit Set Stage. SC Grower (blog). https://scgrower.com/2022/06/01/fusarium-wilt-symptoms-in-watermelon-at-fruit-set-stage/
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Andreason, S. and Kousik, C.S. 2022. Detection of cucurbit leaf crumple virus infectious clones from the virus vector Bemisia tabaci. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Pittsburg, PA. August 2022.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Fei Z (2022) Genomic basis of watermelon origin, domestication and breeding. International Symposium of Horticulture and Plant Biology.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Grumet R. 2022. Cucurbit germplasm - genomic tools and disease resistance. National Association of Plant Breeders. Ames Iowa. August 2022
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Grumet R. 2022. Leveraging applied genomics to increase disease resistance in cucurbit crops. Corteva Symposium, Cornell University, Ithaca NY. March 2022
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kousik, C.S., Chanda, B., Mandal, M., Ikerd, J., Sudarshana, M., Turechek, W.W., Adkin, S. 2022. Phenotyping resistance to whitefly-transmitted Cucurbit leaf crumple virus in watermelon using infectious clones and confirming resistance using dPCR. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Pittsburg, PA. August 2022
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Luckew, A. and C.E. McGregor. 2022. Evaluation of Cucurbita germplasm for resistance to whitefly transmitted viruses. Southern Region American Society for Horticultural Science, New Orleans, LA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Shaonpius Mondal, C. Chen, L.L. Jenkins-Hladky, and W.M. Wintermantel. Spatio-temporal accumulation of two closely related criniviruses in melon plants during co-infection. Annual Meeting of the American Phytopathological Society, Pittsburgh, PA, August 6-10, 2022
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kousik, C.S., Chanda, B., Mandal, M., Ikerd, J., Sudarshana, M., Turechek, W.W., Adkin, S. 2022. Developing resources for breeding watermelon varieties for resistance to whitefly- transmitted viruses. Southern Division American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, March 2022. Chattanooga, TN.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Kousik, C.S., Chanda, B., Suren, H., M., Ikerd, J., Turechek, W.W., Adkin, S. 2021. Advances in breeding for resistance to whitefly transmitted viruses in watermelon. Entomological Society of America Annual Meeting. Invited Virtual Talk. November 2021.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: McGregor CE, Rijal S. and S Josiah (2022) The Use of Citrullus Crop Wild Relatives in Watermelon Breeding. American Society for Horticultural Science, Chicago, IL
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Peterson, A.M., Bello, J.C., Kenny, G., Perla, D., Uebbing, M., Hausbeck, M.K. 2022. Burkard spore traps for detection of Pseudoperonospora cubensis sporangia in cucurbit production. American Phytopathological Society Annual Meeting, Pittsburg, PA. August 2022
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Purayannur S., Cano L.M., Bowman M.J, Childs K.L., Quesada-Ocampo L.M. Differential expression of effector-encoding genes in two clades of the cucurbit downy mildew pathogen Pseudoperonospora cubensis. International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions Congress eSymposia series. September 2021
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Landron A. and A. Linares Ramirez. 2022. Identification of the Powdery Mildew Causal Agent in Cucurbita moschata Duch. for Breeding Purposes in Lajas, Puerto Rico. American Society of Horticultural Sciences. Chicago, IL
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Levi A. 2022. Challenges and progress in genetic research and in enhancing disease resistance in watermelon. South Korean Society of Plant Breeders and Geneticists.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Lin YC, Rett-Cadman S, Grumet R. 2022. Phenotypic and Genetic Analysis of Fruit Morphological Traits for the USDA Cucumber Core Collection. American Society of Horticultural Sciences. Chicago, IL
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Perla D., and Hausbeck M.K. Vegetable Disease Management using host resistance and fungicides. American Phytopathological Society North Central Division Meeting, Lincoln, NE, June 2022.2020-5132139
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Peterson, A.M., Bello, J.C., Kenny, G., Perla, D., Uebbing, M., Hausbeck, M.K. 2022. Burkard spore traps for detection of Pseudoperonospora cubensis sporangia in cucurbit production. 10th International IPM Symposium, Denver, CO, March 2022. 2020-51181-32139
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Quesada-Ocampo L. M. Translational strategies to improve management of re-emerging pathogens of vegetable crops. Australasian Plant Pathology Society, Australia, November 2021.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: " Rijal, S. and C.E. McGregor. 2022.Watermelon improvement for gummy stem blight (GSB) resistance through marker-assisted introgression of resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) from the wild relatives. Southern Region American Society for Horticultural Science, New Orleans, LA.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Rijal, S. and C.E. McGregor. 2022. Introgression of gummy stem blight (GSB) resistance QTL into elite watermelon cultivars. Joint Southeastern Branch Entomological Society of America and American Phytopathological Society- Caribbean Division, San Juan, PR.
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Wintermantel WM. Emerging viruses threatening cucurbit crops. Annual Meeting of the American Phytopathological Society, Pittsburgh, PA, August 6-10, 2022
Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Uebbing M.R., and Hausbeck M.K. Using weather conditions to time fungicide application intervals for control of downy mildew on cucumber. American Phytopathological Society North Central Division Meeting, Lincoln, NE, June 2022. 2020-51181-3219

Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21

Outputs
Target Audience:Our target audiences are our key stakeholders: the cucurbit industries (growers, shippers, processors) who depend on high crop quality, disease resistant cultivars and effective integrated management strategies; the cucurbit breeding community (seed companies and public breeders) who must develop these cultivars; and the scientific community who develop knowledge to facilitate more effective plant breeding and disease control strategies, and train the next generation of agricultural scientists. In the past year we engaged stakeholders via: (a) our annual CucCAP stakeholder advisory board/project investigator meeting (held by zoom this year); (b) organizing or participating in field days, research 'open houses', extension workshops, agricultural expositions, and industry group meetings; (c) presentations at scientific meetings; (d) web-based communication, project newsletters (the CucCAP Chronicle), and cucurbit disease diagnostic and control information, through https://cuccap.org/; (e) expansion of cucurbit genomic and breeding databases, tools and bioinformatics platforms through http://cucurbitgenomics.org/; (f) sharing genetic and marker information and germplasm releases for cucurbit breeding; and (g) scientific and extension publications. We also interacted with stakeholders by sampling pathogens from cooperator farms, performing disease trials at off-campus university farms located within growercommunities and collaborative research with seed companies for disease trials, marker verification and seed multiplication. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The CucCAP2 has project provided training opportunities for 8 post-docs and 11 graduate students (fully or partially supported by CucCAP) and 12 undergraduate students in the areas of plant breeding, genetics, genomics, bioinformatics, plant pathology, extension and agricultural economics. Training opportunities included thesis or dissertation research; participation in computational, laboratory, greenhouse or field based projects; contributions to scientific and/or extension publications; and opportunities to present findings to industry and scientific audiences. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?In the past year the CucCAP team collectively published 48 CucCAP-related refereed publications and 44 CucCAP-related extension publications, web-materials, or webinars. In addition we made 38 CucCAP-related presentations at scientific conferences, universities, and more than 31 CucCAP-related presentations in commodity-based venues. Establishment of the two cross-linked websites, http://cucurbitgenomics.org for bioinformatics and genomics, and https://cuccap.org/ for disease control information, have been a major route to disseminate information. Specific examples of interactions with the cucurbit industries, and scientific and breeding communities are listed below. A. Interaction with Cucurbit Industries. CucCAP team members have had extensive interaction with the cucurbit industries they serve through a variety of venues. These include presentations of CucCAP related work and participation in industry and grower meetings and field days such as: Pickle Packers International Conferences (multiple CucCAP participants and presentations) Agri-Food Canada (multiple CucCAP participants and presentations) BASF Farm Lane Society Meeting, MI Great Lakes Farm, Fruit and Vegetable EXPO (multiple CucCAP participants and presentations) Vegetable and Root Crop Field Day, MI Southeast Vegetable Meeting MI Watermelon Research and Development Group Meeting Mid-Atlantic Fruit and Vegetable Conference CREC Field Day, SC Southwest Indiana Melon Growers Meeting Clemson Hort Team Cucurbit Meeting Southeast Florida Extension Meeting Extension Field Day for Vegetable Growers in Miami-Dade County NC Watermelon Convention Eastern NC Certified Crop Advisor Training Western NY Vegetable Twilight Meeting CREC Field Day, SC Florida State Horticultural Society What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Each CucCAP team will continue working on the CucCAP project objectives including: Obj 1. Genomic and bioinformatic tools. Development of version 2 of the cucurbit genomics database; seed multiplication and re-sequencing (~30X) of the core populations for each of the four crops; initiation of pan genome assemblies. Obj 2. Identify, map, and develop markers for resistances to important cucurbit diseases. Efforts will continue to develop segregating populations, phenotype disease responses, identify QTL, perform fine-mapping and develop markers for the 17 crop-disease combinations. Obj 3. Introduce and pyramid/stack resistances into advanced breeding lines. Efforts will continue, or be initiated, to introgress identified resistances from Obj 2 into advanced breeding lines with multiple resistances and desirable fruit quality. Obj 4. Perform multi-location, multi-isolate trials of resistances, assess economic impacts, and provide state-of-the-art disease control recommendations. We will continue to maintain, update and develop new disease diagnostic and control informational materials for the CucCAP website, produce extension publications and present face-to-face informational sessions for cucurbit disease management. A series of replicated multi-location trials to evaluate breeding lines in combination with integrated disease control strategies is planned for summer 2022. Efforts will be initiated to collect geographically diverse pathogen samples and develop markers to analyze pathogen populations. Additional updated crop budgets and costs of disease control estimates will be developed.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Our objectives are: (1) Develop advanced bioinformatic, pan-genome, and genetic mapping tools to facilitate more effective breeding of high quality, disease resistant cucurbit crops. (2) Identify and map resistances, and develop markers to facilitate breeding for resistances, to priority diseases identified by watermelon, melon, cucumber and squash industries. (3) Introduce and combine resistances to provide advanced breeding lines for public and private breeders. (4) Perform multi-location, multi-isolate trials of resistances to improve integrated disease management, assess economic impacts, and provide state-of-the-art disease control recommendations. Progress toward each of these goals is described below. Obj 1. Genomic and bioinformatic tools.(A) Develop high-resolution genotyping platforms. Re-sequence core collections for the four cucurbit crops; construct high-resolution genome-wide variome maps; construct pan-genomes for the cucurbit species. Long read sequencing and reference genome assembly was performed for 11 cucumber accessions. Resequencing was performed for 414 accessions of watermelon and watermelon relatives. (B) Maintain and enhance the Cucurbit Genomics Database (http://cucurbitgenomics.org/) and develop breeder-friendly web-based database to manage, store,distribute, and analyze phenotype, genotype, and germplasm information. Development of version 2 is in progress to allow for much more efficient data upload and analysis of the extensive sequencing data currently being produced. (C)Perform seed multiplication and sequencing analysis of core collections of the four sepcies; assess genetic diversity to provide community resources for GWAS. Accessions of the core populations for each of the four crops have been self-pollinated for one or more generations to provide starting material for seed increase by collaborating companies. The melon core collection was phenotyped for 33 vegetative, flower, and fruit characteristics. Obj 2. Identify, map, and develop markers for resistances to important cucurbit diseases. (A) Identify disease resistance associated quantitative trait loci (QTL).Watermelon: Resistance screening was performed for watermelon and/or watermelon relatives for resistance to downy mildew and powdery mildew. A population was developed map QTL for resistance to gummy stem blight. QTL were identified for resistance to downy mildew, Papaya ringspot virus, powdery mildew, and Phytophthora fruit rot. Crosses were made to initiate development of a MAGIC population. Melon: A mapping population was phenotyped to identify QTL for powdery mildew. Two QTL were identified for resistance to Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus. Cucumber: The core collection was phenotyped for resistance to Phytophthora fruit rot and a set of inbred lines was screened for resistance to Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus. A segregating population was phentoyped to map QTL for resistance to downy mildew introgressed from Cucumis hystrix. Squash: The Cucurbita pepo reference genome was used to develop a library of probes for mapping resistance. Families of C. pepo were phenotyped for resistance to Phytophthora crown rot and a resistance QTL identified. (B, C) Refine/fine map QTL using increased population sizes and denser sets of molecular markers; develop and verify markders for marker assisted selection. Watermelon: KASP markers were developed for resistance to Fusarium race 2, powdery mildew, gummy stem blight, and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, and Papaya ringspot virus. Melon: markers were developed for fusarium race 1, race 2 and powdery mildew. Cucumber: Two QTL for resistance to Phytophthora fruit rot were verified; fine mapping for QTL for resistance to downy mildew and Phytophthora fruit rot is in progress. Squash: A KASP marker was developed for resistance to Phytophthora crown rot. Obj 3. Introduce and pyramid/stack resistances into advanced breeding lines. (A) Marker assisted selection to introgress resistances; test performance of resulting lines in replicated greenhouse and/or field trials. Melon: A breeding line was developed with resistance to downy mildew and powdery mildew. Cucumber: Breeding lines carrying two QTL for resistance to downy mildew resistance have been developed. Squash: Introgression of resistance to Phytophthora crown rot into commercial Cucurbita pepo types has been initiated;interspecific crosses were made to transfer resistance to Phytophthora fruit rot from C. moschata into C. maxima. An allele for powdery mildew resistance was transferred into processing pie pumpkin. (B) Genomic selection to maximize resistance alleles for highly quantitative resistances. This work will come later in the project. Obj 4. Perform multi-location, multi-isolate trials of resistances, assess economic impacts, and provide state-of-the-art disease control recommendations. (A) Recommendations for disease control. CucCAP website: Cucurbit disease factsheets, production manuals, and integrated pest management resources for the Northeast, Southeast and the Midwest are maintained and updated. Notices of regional commodity meetings and Extension education sessions, weekly reports from The Cucurbit Downy Mildew Forecast and Melcast along with 77 Integrated Crop and Disease Management were posted. Other disease control information: NC,SC. Diagnostics and disease management recommendations for 76 cucurbit samples (NC); cultivar and management recommendations through oral presentations; and development of disease management resources, NC Agricultural and Chemicals Manual and the Southeastern US Vegetable Crop Handbook. NY: Disease alerts through email, weekly publications, and social media; ~50 individual cucurbit disease recommendations; 25 diagnoses; disease control recommendations to extension educators, two field days, virtual talks at NY and MN expos. MI: Dedicated downy mildew page (weekly spore trapping data, fact sheets, information on identifying, monitoring, managing, and testing, links to other cucurbit diseases; >1000 visits/downloads summer 2021). (B) Multi-location, multi-isolate trials to evaluate breeding lines in combination with integrated disease control. Watermelon-powdery mildew: Replicated experiments in SC and NC. Significant differences were observed among varieties; the CucCAP breeding line USVL608-PMR performed well in both locations. Watermelon-Fusarium. Replicated studies in SC and NC. No Fusarium wilt symptoms were detected in plants grafted onto Carolina Strongback rootstocks (breeding material developed by the USVL). Cucumber-downy mildew. Replicated trials in MI and NC. Resistant PI197088 used as a breeding source had significantly less disease compared to all other lines tested. Squash-powdery mildew. Replicated trials in NY and MI. Significant differences for disease and yield were observed among commercial cultivars. Squash- Phytophthora crown rot. Replicated trials in MI. Four cultivars demonstrated a greater level of resistance in two seasons. Combining fungicides and genetic resistance: Three fungicide programs and different application intervals were compared for downy mildew control on cucumbers, melons, squash, and pumpkins in MI. Fungicides were evaluation for control of powdery mildew in squash and pumpkins in NY and MI. (C) Collect geographically diverse pathogen samples and develop markers to analyze pathogen populations to inform breeding and disease management. This objective is planned for later in the project. (D) Assess economic impacts of disease and gains from control tools, and valuation of crop attributes. Updated crop budgets are being developed for cucumber in MI and NC, watermelon in NC, and squash in MI and NY. Costs of disease control and yield losses are being determined for cucumber/downy mildew in MI. Data suggest that combined efforts of fungicides, application programs, spore trapping, and disease forecasting are effective in keeping losses from increasing.

Publications

Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Parada-Rojas, C.H., Granke, L.L., Naegele, R.P, Hansen, Z., Hausbeck, M.K., Kousik S., McGrath M. T., Smart C., and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2021) A Diagnostic Guide for Phytophthora capsici Infecting Vegetable Crops. Plant Health Progress: PHP-02-21-0027-FI.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Rahman A., Standish J.R., DArcangelo K. N., and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2021) Clade-specific biosurveillance of Pseudoperonospora cubensis using spore traps for precision disease management of cucurbit downy mildew. Phytopathology 111: 312-320.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: . Renner SS, Wu S, Perez-Escobar OA, Silber MV, Fei Z, Chomickie G (2021) A chromosome-level genome of a Kordofan melon illuminates the origin of domesticated watermelons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 118:e2101486118
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: . Salcedo, A., Hausbeck, M., Pigg, S., and Quesada-Ocampo, L.M. (2020) Diagnostic guide for cucurbit downy mildew. Plant Health Progress 21:166-172.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Salcedo A., Purayannur S., Standish J. R., Miles T., Thiessen L., and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2021) Fantastic downy mildew pathogens and how to find them: Advances in detection and diagnostics. Plants 10: 435
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Seda-Mart�nez, W., L. Wessel-Beaver, A. Linares-Ram�rez and J.C.V. Rodrigues. 2021. Virus quantification, flowering, yield, and fruit quality in tropical pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) genotypes susceptible or resistant to two potyviruses. HortScience 56(2):https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15525-20.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Sorokina, M., Mccaffrey, K.S., Ordovas, J.M., Deaton, E.E., Ma, G., Perkins-Veazie, P.M., Steinbeck, C., Levi, A., Parnell, L.D. 2021. A catalog of natural products occurring in watermelon - Citrullus lanatus. Frontiers in Nutrition. 8:602. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.729822
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Stajich, JE, Vu, AL, Judelson, H, Vogel, GM, Gore, MA, Carlson, MO, Devitt, N, Jacobi, J, Mudge, J, Lamour, K, and Smart, CD (2021) High quality reference genome for the oomycete vegetable pathogen Phytophthora capsici strain LT1534. Microbiology Resource Announcements Volume 10 Issue 21.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Tamang, P., K. Ando, W.M. Wintermantel, and J.D. McCreight. 2021. QTL mapping of Cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus resistance in melon accession PI 313970. HortScience 56:424430. doi: https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15495-20.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Toporek, S. M., Branham, S. E., Katawczik, M. M., Keinath, A. P., and Wechter, W. P. (2021) QTL mapping of resistance to Pseudoperonospora cubensis clade 1, mating type A2, in Cucumis melo. Theoret. Appl. Genet. 134:25772586.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Vogel, GM, Gore, MA, and Smart CD (2021) Genome-wide association study in New York Phytophthora capsici isolates reveals loci involved in mating type and mefenoxam sensitivity. Phytopathology https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-04-20-0112-FI
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Vogel, GM, LaPlant, KE, Mazourek, M, Gore, MA and Smart, CD (2021) A combined BSA-Seq and linkage mapping approach identifies genomic regions associated with Phytophthora root and crown rot resistance in squash. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 134:1015-103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03747-1
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Wang X, Ando K, Wu S, Reddy UK, Tamang P, Bao K, Hammar SA, Grumet R, McCreight JD, Fei Z (2021) Genetic characterization of melon accessions in the U.S. National Plant Germplasm System and construction of a melon core collection. Molecular Horticulture 1:11
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Weng, Y., Garcia-Mas, J., Levi, A., Luan, F. 2020. Editorial: translational research for cucurbit molecular breeding: traits, markers, and genes. Frontiers in Plant Science. 11. Article 615346. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.615346
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Zhang C, Mansfeld BN, Lin YC, Grumet R (2021) Quantitative high-throughput, real-time bioassay for plant pathogen growth in vivo. Frontiers Plant Sci 12:637190.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: DArcangelo K., Quesada-Ocampo L. M., and Hausbeck M. K. (2021) Diseases of cucurbits: Cucurbit downy mildew. In: Handbook of Vegetable and Herb Diseases. Editors: Elmer W., McGrath M. T., and McGovern R. Springer.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Keinath, A. P. (2021). Diseases of cucurbits: anthracnose. In: Handbook of Vegetable and Herb Diseases. Editors: Elmer W., McGrath M. T., and McGovern R. Springer.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Mazourek M, Hernandez C, Fabrizio J. 2021. Reconsidering Approaches to Selection in Winter Squash Improvement: Improved Quality and Breeding Efficiency. In: Plant Breeding Reviews, Volume 44. (Ed: Goldman I). John Wiley & Sons, Inc. p. 247-272.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Parada-Rojas C. H., Quesada-Ocampo L. M., and Hausbeck M. K. (2021) Diseases of cucurbits: Phytophthora blight. In: Handbook of Vegetable and Herb Diseases. Editors: Elmer W., McGrath M. T., and McGovern R. Springer.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Rennberger, G., and Keinath, A. P. (2021) Diseases of cucurbits: gummy stem blight. In: Handbook of Vegetable and Herb Diseases. Editors: Elmer W., McGrath M. T., and McGovern R. Springer.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Salcedo A., Parada-Rojas C. H., Guerrero R., Stahr M., DArcangelo K.N., McGregor C., Kousik C., Wehner T., and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2021) The NLR family of disease resistance genes in cultivated watermelon and other cucurbits: opportunities and challenges. Chapter 3. In: The Watermelon Genome. Editors: Dutta S. K. and Reddy U. Springer.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Adams M. L., Collins H., and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. 2020. Evaluation of fungicides for control of downy mildew on cucumber, Kinston II, 2019. Plant Disease Management Reports 14:V106.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Adams M. L., Collins H., and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. 2020. Evaluation of fungicides for control of downy mildew on cucumber, Kinston III, 2019. Plant Disease Management Reports 14:V105.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Bello, J. C., Engfehr, C.L. and Hausbeck, M.K. (2020) Evaluation of alternating programs of fungicides for control of downy mildew on pickling cucumber, 2019. Plant Disease Management Reports 14:V163.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Egel, D.S., Foster, R., Maynard, E., Weller, S., Babadoost, M., Nair, A., Rivard, C., Kennelly, M., Hausbeck, M., Szendrei, Z., Hutchison, B., Orshinsky, A., Eaton, T., Welty, C., Miller, S., eds. 2016-21. Midwest Vegetable Production Guide for Commercial Growers. Michigan State University Extension Bulletin 0312.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hausbeck, M. 2021. Downy mildew confirmed on cucumbers in four Michigan counties: Grower are urged to implement an aggressive fungicide program immediately. MSU Extension News for Agriculture-Vegetables: 23 Jul.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hausbeck, M. and Kenny, G. 2021. Cucumber downy mildew disease confirmed in Michigan: First detection in 2021 made in Saginaw County. MSU Extension News for Agriculture-Vegetables: 16 Jul.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hausbeck, M., Peterson, A., and Higgins, D. 2021. First cucurbit downy mildew spores identified in air samples in Allegan County: Growers are urged to scout early plantings of cucumber and melon for downy mildew. MSU Extension News for Agriculture-Vegetables: 27 Jun.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hausbeck, M.K. 2021. Managing cucurbit downy mildew. Fact Sheet.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hausbeck, M.K. Krasnow, C., and Linderman, S.D. 2020. Managing Phytophthora on Winter Squash and Pumpkin. Fact Sheet.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hausbeck, M.K. and Linderman, S.D. 2020. Managing Phytophthora on Summer Squash and Zucchini. Fact Sheet.
Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Toporek, S. M., and Keinath, A. P. (2021). Diseases of cucurbits: Pythium damping-off and root and stem rot. In: Handbook of Vegetable and Herb Diseases. Editors: Elmer W., McGrath M. T., and McGovern R. Springer.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Adams M. L., Collins H., and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. 2020. Evaluation of fungicides for control of downy mildew on cucumber, Clayton, 2019. Plant Disease Management Reports 14:V116.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Adams M. L., Collins H., and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. 2020. Evaluation of cultivars in combination with fungicides for control of downy mildew and yield effects on cucumber, Clinton, 2019. Plant Disease Management Reports 14:V117.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Adams M. L., Collins H., and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. 2020. Evaluation of fungicides and cultivars for control of downy mildew on cucumber, Kinston 2019. Plant Disease Management Reports 14:V107.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hausbeck, M.K., Linderman, S.D., and Higgins, D.S. 2020. Managing cucurbit downy mildew. Fact Sheet.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hausbeck, M.K., Linderman, S.D., and Higgins, D.S. 2020. Monitoring cucurbit downy mildew. Fact Sheet.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Higgins, D., Engfehr, C.L. and Hausbeck, M.K. 2020. Evaluation of fungicides for control of powdery mildew on pumpkin, 2019. Plant Disease Management Reports 14:V201.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Higgins, D.S., Engfehr, C.L., and Hausbeck, M.K. 2020. Evaluation of fungicides for control of powdery mildew on squash, 2019. Plant Disease Management Reports 14:V202.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Keinath, A.P., DuBose, V. B., and Zardus, S. H. 2021. Evaluation of several fungicides to manage foliar and fruit anthracnose on seedless watermelon, 2020. Plant Dis. Manag. Rep. 15:V089.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Keinath, A.P., and Miller, G. A. Revised 2021. Watermelon Fungicide Guide for 2021. Land-Grant Press by Clemson Extension, LGP 1001.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Kenny, G.E., Engfehr, C.L., and Hausbeck, M.K. 2020. Evaluation of 9 alternating programs of fungicides for control of downy mildew on pickling cucumbers, 2019. Plant Disease Management Reports 14:V216.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: 30. Kenny, G.E., Engfehr, C.L. and Hausbeck, M.K. 2020. Evaluation of single product treatments for control of downy mildew on pickling cucumbers, 2019. Plant Disease Management Reports 14:V183.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Lukasko, N.T., Engfehr, C.L. and Hausbeck, M.K. 2020. Evaluation of fungicides for the control of powdery mildew on butternut squash, 2019. Plant Disease Management Reports 14:V159.
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Quesada-Ocampo L.M., Meadows I., and Gorny A. 2021. Disease control for commercial vegetables. North Carolina Agricultural and Chemicals Manual. Basil, cucurbits, hop, lettuce, endive, sweetpotato, and fungicide resistance tables (Contributed 11 tables total).
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: 36. Schultheis, J.R., K.D. Starke, and M.D. Collins. 2021. 2020 Zucchini squash cultigen evaluations. Dept. of Horticultural Science. North Carolina State University. Hort. Series No. 237, 35 pp. https://cucurbits.ces.ncsu.edu/about-cucurbits/growing-cucurbits/variety-trials/2020-zucchini-squash-cultivar-evaluations/
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Smart, C.D. 2021. Phytophthora of cucurbit crops Disease fact sheet https://www.vegetables.cornell.edu/pest-management/disease-factsheets/phytophthora-blight/
Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Smart, C.D. 2021. Cucurbit Downy Mildew Disease fact sheet https://www.vegetables.cornell.edu/crops/cucurbits/downy-mildew/
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Acharya B, Mackasmiel L, Taheri A, Ondzighi-Assoume CA, Weng Y, Dumenyo CK (2021) Identification of bacterial wilt (Erwinia tracheiphila) resistances in USDA melon collection. Plants 10: 1972
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Alzohairy, S.A., Hammerschmidt, R., and Hausbeck, M.K. (2021) Antifungal Activity in Winter Squash Fruit Peel in Relation to Age Related Resistance to Phytophthora capsici. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 114:101603
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Alzohairy, S.A., Hammerschmidt, R., and Hausbeck, M.K. (2020) Changes in winter squash fruit exocarp structure associated with age-related resistance to Phytophthora capsici. Phytopathology 110(2):447-455
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Bello Rodriguez, J.C., Hausbeck, M., and Sakalidis, M.L. (2021) Application of target enrichment sequencing for population genetic analyses of the obligate plant pathogens Pseudoperonospora cubensis and P. humuli in Michigan. Molecular Plant-Microbiome Interactions https://doi.org/10.1094/MPMI-11-20-0329-TA
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Bello Rodriguez, J.C., Sakalidis, M.L., Perla, D., and Hausbeck, M.K. (2021) Detection of airborne sporangia of Pseudoperonospora cubensis and P. humuli in Michigan using Burkard spore traps couple to qPCR. Plant Disease 105(5):1373-1381.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Branham, S.E., Kousik, C.S., Mandal, M.K., Wechter, W.P. 2021. QTL mapping of resistance to powdery mildew race 1 in a recombinant inbred line population of melon. Plant Disease (First Look). https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-12-20-2643-RE
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Branham, S., Daley, J., Levi, A., Hassell, R., Wechter, W.P. 2020. QTL mapping and marker development for tolerance to sulfur phytotoxicity in melon (Cucumis melo). Frontiers in Plant Science. 11:1097-1105. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2020.01097
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chanda, B., Shamimuzzaman, M., Gilliard, A., and Ling, K.-S. 2021. Effectiveness of disinfectants against the spread of tobamoviruses: Tomato brown rugose fruit virus and Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus. Virology Journal 18:7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s1298502001479-8
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Crandall, S.G., Ramon, M.L., Burkhardt, A.K., Bello, J.C., Adair, N., Gent, D.H., Hausbeck, M.K., Quesada-Ocampo, L.M., and Martin, F.N. (2021) A multiplex TaqMan qPCR assay for detection and quantification of clade 1 and clade 2 isolates of Pseudoperonospora cubensis and Pseudoperonospora humuli. Plant Disease https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS-11-20-2339-RE
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: DArcangelo K. N., Adams M. L., Kerns J. P., and Quesada-Ocampo L. M. (2021) Assessment of fungicide product applications and program approaches for control of downy mildew on pickling cucumber in North Carolina. Crop Protection 140: 105412
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Garcia-Lozano, M., Natarajan, P., Levi, A., Katam, R., Nimmakayala, P., Reddy, U. 2021. Altered chromatin confirmation and transcriptional regulation in watermelon following genome doubling. Plant Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.15256
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Grumet R, McCreight JD, McGregor C, Weng Y, Mazourek M, Reitsma K, Labate J, Davis A, Fei Z (2021) Genetic resources and vulnerabilities of major cucurbit crops. Genes 12:1222
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Gimode, W., Bao, K., Fei, F. & C. McGregor (2020) QTL associated with gummy stem blight resistance in watermelon. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 134(2), 573-584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00122-020-03715-9
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Govindasamy, R., Arumugam, S., Gao, G., Hausbeck, M.K., Wyenandt, A., and Simon, J. (2021) Downy Mildew Impacts and Control Measure on Cucurbits in the United States. Journal of the American Society of Farm Managers and Rural Appraisers 2021:78-88
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hausbeck, M.K., Krasnow, C.S., and Linderman, S.D. (2020) Methyl bromide alternatives for Phytophthora capsici on Michigans cucurbit crops. Acta Horticulturae 1270:307-314.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Jeon, S., Krasnow, C.S., Bhalsod, G.D., Harlan, B.R., Hausbeck, M.K., Safferman, S.I., and Zhang, W. (2020) Control of Phytophthora capsici diseases in greenhouse squash by fast-flow filtration. Acta Horticulturae 1296:32
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Karki, K., Coolong, T., Kousik, C.S., Petkar, A., Myers, B.K., Hajihassani, A., Mandal, M., Dutta, B. 2021. The Transcriptomic Profile of Watermelon Is Affected by Zinc in the Presence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum and Meloidogyne incognita. Pathogens 2021, 10, 796. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10070796
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Katuuramu, D.N., Wechter, W.P., Washington, M., Horry, M.I., Cutulle, M.A., Jarret, R.L., Levi, A. 2020. Phenotypic diversity for root traits and identification of superior germplasm for root breeding in watermelon. HortScience. 55(8):12-72-1279. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI15093-20
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Kavalappara, S.R., Milner, H., Sparks, A., McGregor, C., Wintermantel, W.M. & S. Bag (2021) First report of cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus in association with other whitefly-transmitted viruses in squash (Cucurbita pepo) in Georgia. Plant Disease https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-20-2429-PDN
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Kousik, C.S., Ikerd, J.L., Wechter, W.P., Branham, S.E., Turechek, W.W. 2021. Broad resistance to post-harvest fruit rot in USVL watermelon germplasm lines to isolates of Phytophthora capsici from across USA. Plant Disease (First Look). https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-11-20-2480-RE
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Kousik, C.S., Vogel, G., Ikerd, J.L., Mandal, M.K., Mazourek, M., Smart, C.D. and Turechek, W.W. 2021. New Sources of Resistance in Winter Squash (Cucurbita moschata) to Phytophthora Crown Rot and Their Relationship to Cultivated Squash. Plant Health Progress https://doi.org/10.1094/PHP-02-21-0047-FI
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Mandal, M.K., Suren, H. and Kousik, C.S. 2020. Elucidation of resistance signaling and identification of powdery mildew resistant mapping loci (ClaPMR2) during watermelon-Podosphaera xanthii interaction using RNA-Seq and whole-genome resequencing approach. Scientific Reports 10, 14038 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70932-z
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Mondal S, Jenkins Hladky LL, Melanson RA, Singh R, Sikora E, Wintermantel WM. First report of cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus and cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus in cucurbit crops in Alabama. Plant Dis. 2021 Jun 28. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-05-21-0922-PDN.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Mondal S, Jenkins Hladky LL, Fashing PL, McCreight JD, Turini TA, Wintermantel WM. First report of cucurbit yellow stunting disorder virus and cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus in melon in the Central Valley of California. Plant Dis. 2021 May 19. doi: 10.1094/PDIS-01-21-0184-PDN.
Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Michael, V.N.*; Fu, Y.; Shrestha, S.; Meru, G. 2021. A Novel QTL for Resistance to Phytophthora Crown Rot in Squash. Plants 10:2115. https://doi.org/10.3390/ plants10102115