Source: UNIV OF IDAHO submitted to NRP
CREATING A NEW BIOECONOMY FOR DAIRIES TO INCREASE NUTRIENT RECYCLING, ENHANCE PRODUCTIVITY OF CROPS, & STIMULATE PROSPERITY IN RURAL AMERICA
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
ACTIVE
Funding Source
AFRI COMPETITIVE GRANT
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1023213
Grant No.
2020-69012-31871
Cumulative Award Amt.
$10,000,000.00
Proposal No.
2019-08306
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2020
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2026
Grant Year
2020
Program Code
[A9201]- Sustainable Agricultural Systems
Recipient Organization
UNIV OF IDAHO
875 PERIMETER DRIVE
MOSCOW,ID 83844-9803
Performing Department
Idaho Ag Experiment Station
Non Technical Summary
The dairy industry in Idaho (ranked 3rd in the nation for total milk production) is concentrated in southern Idaho among mature irrigated agriculture, aquaculture, and rural communities. Dairy producers face major challenges handling solid and liquid manure nutrients especially in dairy-dense regions where use of imported feed and fertilizer has concentrated nitrogen and phosphorous at levels that soil or plants cannot sufficiently use. This project will create useful bioproducts from dairy manure that can be transported and used in more distant areas for crop production or for value-added products such as plastics.Project research will build on decades of existing work to 1) evaluate dairy manure and compost management; 2) advance technologies to separate and upgrade manure and effluent for use as feedstocks for additional processing or as soil amendments; 3) advance technologies to use hydrochar or biochar to produce higher value soil amendments; and 4) accelerate a technology to produce biodegradable plastics from manure. Soil amendments will be designed for use in dairy feed production and other crops as part of a circular system of nutrient use. Production of polymers that can become plastics from manure in excess of what can be used in crop production will give the dairy production system a high value means of exporting excess nutrients. These technological pathways will be evaluated in terms of their potential role in a bioeconomic system scaled to fully use the nutrients produced by the dairy system. Economic feasibility and economic, social, and environmental impacts of the technologies and potential bioeconomic system will also be evaluated. Extension activities will engage stakeholders in identifying the best use of bioproducts from dairy manure technologies in support of crop production and soil health. Dairy producers will be provided tools to determine their best investment for handling manure sustainably. As part of education activities, students will determine the value and market, and develop business plans and marketing strategies for each bioproduct. Courses on sustainability of agriculture and the dairy industry will prepare students for the dairy and bioeconomy workforce. High tech jobs will be created aiding in employment in rural areas where the dairy industry is located. These jobs will support rural communities in Idaho with the opportunities for a bioeconomy likely transferrable to other parts of the United States.
Animal Health Component
80%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
20%
Applied
80%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1020110101025%
2051649101010%
2051599101010%
3073499107010%
5113499107025%
1026199107020%
Knowledge Area
511 - New and Improved Non-Food Products and Processes; 102 - Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships; 205 - Plant Management Systems; 307 - Animal Management Systems;

Subject Of Investigation
3499 - Dairy cattle, general/other; 6199 - Economy, general/other; 0110 - Soil; 1649 - Forage legumes, general/other; 1599 - Grain crops, general/other;

Field Of Science
1070 - Ecology; 1010 - Nutrition and metabolism;
Goals / Objectives
The project goal is to support adoption of technologies and processes that transform nutrients in dairy manure into commercial fertilizers and other value-added bioproducts to improve soils, sustain agricultural productivity, reduce environmental impacts, provide alternative income streams, and create new employment opportunities. Objectives include 1) Develop management practices, processes, and technologies to produce bioproducts from dairy waste streams at the scale they are generated; 2) Evaluate strategies and tradeoffs of bioproduct soil amendment use in crop production at multiple scales from field to regional dairy nutrient system to regional and national scales of fertilizer production; 3) Analyze the economic, lifecycle, supply chain, and social impacts of adoption of strategies, technologies, and systems that convert dairy manure to fertilizer substitutes and other bioproducts on dairies, aligned industries, crop producers, consumers, and rural communities; and 4) Develop and implement extension, outreach, education, and training activities to broadly disseminate research findings, promote adoption of practices and technologies, increase the knowledge and skills of the dairy workforce, and inform policy and decision making.
Project Methods
Efforts will address the retention or extraction of nutrients from manure through experiments modifying conditions, and evaluation of nutrient recoveries and product yields. These approaches will include mass balance calculations to assess recovery and then application in greenhouse trials and field plots with various crops important to region to assess the uptake of nutrients. Experiments may include use of variables outside the expected range to fully evaluate the potential and optimize methods. These efforts will inform the economic evaluation to ensure the best opportunity for returns to the agricultural system. Efforts to enhance the educational training of students will include targeted, project-wide bioeconomy training encompassing the science, technology, and potential market opportunities.A formative evaluation will be developed and implemented early in the project to monitor project research activities that develop knowledge to inform decision making about best management practices, provide resources for extension professionals, advance sustainable agriculture systems scholarship, and provide training opportunities for students. Continued assessment will occur through an output/outcome evaluation focused on short/intermediate results to help investigators make necessary changes or refinements to the program. Structured and quantitative methods will be used to assess the extent to which outcomes specified in our logic model have been produced. This will begin with collection of formative feedback from key stakeholders via surveys and interviews. In the latter stages of the project, emphasis will shift to outcome/impact evaluation for which quantitative and qualitative methods will be used to assess key scientific and technical impacts. This will include surveying students and alumni participating in the project about the educational and career outcomes, and build on instruments already developed in other multidisciplinary research and education evaluations.

Progress 09/01/23 to 08/31/24

Outputs
Target Audience:Our target audience includes a wide range of individuals and organizations including the general public, tribal nations, farmers, rural communities, crop producers, industry professionals in water quality, water resources, waste management, environmental science and conservation, agriculture and dairy operations, agricultural engineers and economists, dairy producers, crop advisors, the soil and fertilizer industry; The academic community of faculty, researchers, and students in the fields of agriculture, agriculture economics and engineering, dairy science, plant and soil science, water resources and resource management, agricultural and environmental education; Federal, state and local governmental agencies and policy makers including soil, water, and irrigation districts, Environmental Protection Agency, USDA, Idaho Dairy Association, Dairy West, Idaho Department of Water Resources, Idaho State Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural County Agents Association, Extension faculty/county, biomass energy producers, and various unit advisory boards. Changes/Problems:There have been delays in the TEA model due to lack of key technical and economic data that have yet to be identified. The biggest hurdle in accomplishing our original goals has been a lack of cost data from other research teams. Without accurate cost estimates at scale, it is difficult to determine the economic feasibility of these technologies and pinpoint the cost of production. Preliminary testing on the hydrothermal carbonization process demonstrated challenges in plant growth. Processing has been moved to a different location for farm testing on a larger scale. Scheduling conflicts and cancelations by guests have had a domino effect on the podcast production, leading to significant delays in uploading new content. As data begins to be collected and analyzed, the technologies used continue to shift so as to be more scalable and efficient. More field plot trials are planned. Commercial labs are not meeting the needs to analyze results in a timely, efficient, and cost effective manner. Equipment and staff to conduct in-house analyses would be a tremendous benefit to completing the requirements of this project. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Approximately 18 students working under researchers on this grant participated in multiple workshops and events focused on professional development including collaboration across disciplines, presenting to diverse audiences, employment pathways, networking, science communication and publications. Ten of those students graduated in this reporting year which resulted in two M.S. thesis, 1 doctoral dissertation, employment within Extension, various government agencies and a faculty position at the University of Wisconsin. One student was selected and received a DOE Office of Science Graduate Student Research Fellowship with Pacific Northwest Regional Lab. Students received tours of active dairies, trial plots at Research and Extension centers, and the CAFE center under development. Undergraduate students in Advanced Agribusiness management AGEC 478 analyzed the economic feasibility of adding various compost amendments. Graduate and PhD students have received hands-on training and research experience in data collection and analysis, hydrothermal processing of biomass, ammonia stripping, nitrogen recovery, nutrient cycling, analytical methods necessary to evaluate bioplastic technology, air monitoring equipment, and various data modeling software. One PI was able to gain knowledge in a new research field, i.e., integration of waste management and resource utilization/environmental protection. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of our research have been disseminated through conference presentations, journal articles, posters, industry specific annual meetings, Extension events, online and printed media outlets including websites, newsletters, podcasts, farm visits, and dairy industry leaders. The Economics team participated in networking opportunities at the Western Water Network that will likely lead to future collaboration. The W508 focuses on creating social infrastructure that connects the broad community of researchers, extension professionals, service providers, stakeholders, and policymakers tasked with confronting the West's most pressing water issues. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Several publications are currently underway by both researchers and students. Additionally, research findings will be disseminated at professional conferences, extension events, industry specific annual meetings, and stakeholder engagement opportunities that will highlight real-world applications of our research over the last four years and its potential to benefit the dairy industry. Continued research on hydrothermal carbonization at a scale beyond lab bench is underway. A conceptual continuous flow process for hydrochar will be completed in 2025. A second year of greenhouse and on-farm trials are planned for cover crop research, air emissions monitoring, and compost amendments including nutrient loaded biochar. The machine learning model developed over the last year for the automation of PHBV production will be tested, implemented, and refined with additional parameters for real-time predictions. A process control system (Arduino) will be deployed in 2025. Development of a framework and data collection process for the ELCA investigations is underway in addition to a business plan to commercialize the PHBV production technology. Final improvements to the SWAT model will be made and scenarios will be carried out focusing on how changes in dairy agriculture, manure management and cropping regimes will affect water quality within the Magic Valley region. Results will be disseminated to researchers and stakeholders at local and national conferences. A social impacts survey will be implemented in the upcoming year and results from the survey and stakeholder interviews will be published in a manuscript and presented at industry conferences. The ISAID team will be participating in the Waste to Worth Conference in 2025. Students have been tasked with developing abstracts for the conference. The conference will also provide opportunities to update industry professionals regarding the ISAID research and network for future collaboration.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1 A conceptual design of the whole hydrochar production process has been completed, a flowchart with mass balance of the process was developed, and the design of individual equipment is on-going. Research on phosphorus removal potential in the PHBV system has been completed and published. A molecular technique was employed that correlated well and determined the relative fraction of PHBV-producing bacteria in real time. A machine learning model was successfully developed to predict when to add more organic acids to have a continuous system of production. Researchers have discovered the unexpected benefit of capturing and concentrating phosphorous during the process of transforming the manure into plastic. Lab and on-farm data has been generated regarding the solid and nutrient distributions of liquid dairy manure. A process for N recovery using ammonia stripping combined with acid absorption has been defined and implemented. Lab results showed up to 98% of ammonia removal efficiency from liquid dairy manure using the vacuum thermal stripping methods. Centrifugation as a secondary technique, can separate finer particles from the liquid manure that contain higher nutrients (N,P,K) as opposed to the inclined screen. These findings were well received by Idaho dairymen, and more centrifuges have been adopted on Idaho dairies. Supporting equipment and software funded by the ISAID grant continued to be installed, calibrated, and integrated into the research activities. Based on results generated from previous research, our tech development focus has been narrowed to a novel Biochar Bubble Filtration technology. Cooperative field research relationships were established with entities located in Jerome ID where a trial of the novel biochar filtration system, with recovery of the nutrient loaded biochar has been implemented for testing. A new approach for the integrated biochar dosing system that had the capacity to precisely add large quantities of biochar to a process waste stream from anaerobic digester waste flow was developed. The carbon dynamics of the process using LCA software demonstrated carbon-neutral/negative nutrient recovery and reuse bioproduct from wastes. Objective 2 ISAID research teams developed, built, tested, and implemented the pilot composting system for benchmark-scale composting and air emissions monitoring and completed the first run on dairy manure composting using amendments trial which includes the amendments clinoptilolite, biochar, pumice, and C:N balance. Additional research on interseeding in corn silage, and double cropping with cover crop mix is on-going. Another set of mini silos for long-term study on simulated silage were developed to test the feasibility of its use by researchers and producers. Results from this research could greatly impact the dairy industry by opening new markets for high value, potentially organic amendments. Strategies exploring the development of on-site economically sustainable anaerobic digesters and locally produced biochar are being explored. A plant growth trial evaluating the capability of recycled nutrient loaded biochar-based fertilizers (BBF) was completed. BBF with recycled nutrients supplied sufficient nutrients for plant growth at nearly the same level as conventional inorganic fertilizer and much better than raw untreated biochar and non-biochar amended controls. Phosphorus release from BBF is slow, and thus, the BBF is an enhanced efficiency fertilizer that will match the nutrient uptake rate of plants and limit offsite transport that pollutes natural surface or groundwater. A second year of cover crops research using four different treatments based on stoichiometry (i.e.: C:N ratio) and fallow as a control tested if the C:N ratio of cover crops helped to improve soils and sustain agricultural productivity. The effect of cover crop diversity on winter wheat yield and growth, and soil microbial communities after two years of treatments has been evaluated and results are under review for publication. The seasonal timing of compost application on soil properties and plant yield found little effect of compost timing on soil properties but suggests trends that may warrant continued testing. Manure application data sets were synthesized on water quantity and nutrient cycling which included eddy covariance, soil moisture, and rainfall. Substantial progress was made on calibration and assessment of the nutrient cycling and leaching algorithm in the SWAT model. The calibration and assessment of the evapotranspiration, soil moisture, and crop uptake algorithms in the SWAT model for irrigated conditions in the Magic Valley has been completed. This thorough assessment has not been completed for irrigated conditions to date with the SWAT model. Objective 3 Implementation of the analysis on the "optimal" spatial distribution of dairies to maximize manure nutrient uptake by crops and the "optimal" spatial distribution of cropland given the current distribution of dairies and crops grown in Idaho is still underway. These analyses will provide insights on the current supply chain of dairy manure and challenges in distributing dairy manure nutrients, as well as whether the capacity to utilize more manure nutrients in crop production has increased or decreased over time due to changes in dairy industry characteristics and cropping pattern changes. Technical and economic data is being collected and updated according to hydrothermal process design changes. TEA tools and software have been evaluated against a self-developed model for potential use. Software SimaPro and the EcoInvent database were used to determine general inputs and outputs for the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) model. Our team successfully applied and published a modeling approach, process inventory, and LCA of the biochar integrated reactive filtration process that was explored in the laboratory studies and field sites mentioned above. The LCA supports exploring transparent carbon accounting and dose dependent carbon negativity. Research was conducted to estimate consumer willingness to pay price premiums for sustainable attributes like organic, local, and natural, which provides valuable insights into market preferences for eco-friendly, socially responsible dairy products. Results were presented at the Idaho Dairymen's Association and will be released as a fact sheet and bulletin in 2025. An economic analysis of composting dairy manure which included estimating the value of various amendments and the effects of policy such as subsidies compared with nutrient standards was completed by students in the capstone course. Four additional key stakeholder interviews were completed and presented at the ISAID annual meeting. A survey tool was created for implementation in year 5. Objective 4 A dedicated website was created which includes up-to-date information about the research, a podcast with 5 interviews each diving into a different aspect of dairy sustainability, a list of publications, our 64-page magazine summarizing accomplishments over the first three years of the project, and a calendar of events. Additionally, we have achieved significant milestones in social media growth through Facebook, Instagram, X (Twitter), LinkedIn, and YouTube. Students and staff involved with the grant have created Extension products (bulletins), presented research at conferences, meetings, and Extension events including the NACAA which is the largest gathering of extension and ag agents in the nation. Future workshops and train-the-trainer events are underway for next year. Results from research during this reporting year have been published in journal articles and presented at numerous conferences and industry events. Cooperative relationships have been established with industry leaders that will benefit the dairy industry for years to come. Networking events have provided opportunities for future collaboration.

Publications

  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: "Coats, E.R., *C. Peters, *C. MacInnis, and *B. Boyd, Phosphorus Removal Concurrent with Polyhydroxyalkanoate Production under Aerobic Dynamic Feeding Conditions with Fermented Dairy Manure. Bioresource Technol.June 2024. 402: pp. 130789
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Eureka Joshi, Madeline R. Schwarzbach, Bailey Briggs, Erik R. Coats, Mark D. Coleman, Nutrient leaching potential along a time series of forest water reclamation facilities in northern Idaho, Journal of Environmental Management, Volume 366,2024,121729,ISSN 0301-4797
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Laxmisagara Sagar, K.; Strawn, D.G.; Crump, A.R.; Baker, M.; M�ller, G. Availability of Recycled Phosphorus on Biochar Reacted with Wastewater to Support Growth of Lactuca sativa. Soil Syst. 2024, 8, 93
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Hu, R., D.G. Strawn, A. Leytem, A. Moore. 2024. Long-term Dairy Manure Amendment Promotes Legacy Phosphorus Buildup and Mobility in Calcareous Soils. Journal of Environmental Quality, 53, 365-377
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Laan, M., Strawn, D. G., Kayler, Z. E., Cade-Menun, B. J., M�ller, G. (2024). Phosphorus availability and speciation in soils amended with upcycled dairy-waste nutrients. Frontiers in Chemical Engineering. 5:1303357
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Taslakyan, L., Baker, M. C., Strawn, D. G., M�ller, G. (2023). Biochar integrated reactive filtration of wastewater for P removal and recovery, micropollutant catalytic oxidation, and negative CO2e: Life cycle assessment and technoeconomic analysis. Water Environment Research. 95(12), e10962
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Das, A. K. and L. Chen. 2024. A Review on Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Treatment of Dairy Wastewater. Environments 2024, 11(6), 124
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Sapkota, S., A. Reza, and L. Chen. 2024. Optimization of Ammonia Nitrogen Removal and Recovery from Raw Liquid Dairy Manure Using Vacuum Thermal Stripping and Acid Absorption Process: A Modeling Approach Using Response Surface Methodology. Nitrogen 2024, 5(2), 409-425
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Reza A, Chen L, Mao X. Response surface methodology for process optimization in livestock wastewater treatment: A review. Heliyon. 2024 Apr 24;10(9):e30326.
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Das, A.K., Reza, A. & Chen, L. Optimization of pollutants removal from anaerobically digested dairy wastewater by electro-oxidation process: a response surface methodology modeling and validation. J Appl Electrochem 54, 24152436 (2024)
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Asghar, S., L. Chen, and He BB. 2023. Performance evaluation and optimization of simultaneous phosphorus and nitrogen removal from anaerobically digested liquid dairy manure using an intermittently aerated extended idle sequencing batch reactor. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 7:1225792
  • Type: Peer Reviewed Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Cheyanne A Myers, Mario E de Haro Marti, Mireille Chahine, Gwinyai E Chibisa, Feeding or pen surface application of clinoptilolite with different particle sizes: impact on nitrogen utilization and manure ammonia emissions in feedlot cattle, Journal of Animal Science, Volume 102, 2024, skae230
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Mena, M., L.R Schott, M. E. de Haro Mart�, and A.R. Simerlink. 2023. Effects of Using Cover Crops in a Dual-Crop or Double-Crop System in Corn Silage on Dairy Waste Amended Ground in Southern Idaho [Abstract]. ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting, St. Louis, MO
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Simerlink, A.S. 2024. Design and implementation of a pilot scale composting system to measure air emissions and nutrient characteristics from dairy manure using different amendments. Washington State University. M.S. Thesis. May 2024
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Budhathoki, S. 2024. Impacts of Agricultural Policies on Compost Demand, Farm Size, and Environmental Consequences in US Dairy Farming, Masters Thesis, University of Idaho. May 2024
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Sone, B.M, 2024. Impacts of tillage and cover crops on soil microbial communities, function, and biogeochemical cycles. Doctoral Dissertation. University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, May 2024
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Boyd, B., Coats, E.R. Implementation of Machine Learning for Detection of VFA Depletion to Maximize PHA Production on Fermented Dairy Manure. PNCWA Annual Conference, Boise, ID. 9.9.24
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Mahdy, I.M. & He, B. 2024. Technological development of a continuous-flow system for hydrochar production from dairy manure. Abstract # 2400511. Presented in the session of NRES-Natural Resources & Environmental Systems Nutrient Removal, Recovery, and Recycle: Manure and Wastewater Treatment. ASABE 2024 Annual International Meeting. July 28-31, 2024. Anaheim, California
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Black, E., Coats, E.R. Internally Stored Carbon for Resilient Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal with Efficient Biological Nutrient Removal. PNCWA Annual Conference, Boise, ID. 9.10.24
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Coats, E.R. Interrogating BNR using Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Methods. WEF ITT24, Virginia Beach, VA. 5.21.24
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Coats, E.R. New ways of applying old tools: Internal carbon storage fundamentals. WEF ITT24, Virginia Beach, VA. 5.21.24
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Coats, E.R. Invited Presentation. Wastewater resource recovery and wastewater-based epidemiology University of Idaho, Environmental Science Seminar. November 2023
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Strawn D.G. Recycling nutrients from dairy effluent to create value-added biproducts. ISAID Annual Meeting, Feb 2024, Boise, ID
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: M�ller, G. Decarbonization of the water sector. ISAID Annual Meeting, Feb 2024, Boise, ID
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: M�ller, G. Decarbonization of the water sector. IDEQ Water Quality Workshop Annual Meeting, Feb 2024, Boise, ID
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Hatzenbuehler, P., de Haro Marti?, M. Maas, A. and Wang, X.2024. Economic and environmental implications of dairy industry growth and increasing concentration in Southern Idaho. Poster presentation at the 58th Pacific Northwest Regional Economic Conference, Bend, OR, May 21  23
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Strawn D.G, K. Laxmisagara, S., Crump, A., Baker, M., M�ller, G. Recycling Phosphorus Fertilizer from Wastewater Using Biochar. Annual meeting of the Soil Science Society of America, Nov. 2024, San Antonio, TX.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: M�ller, G. Decarbonizing the Water Sector: Biochar-Integrated Advanced Water Treatment as a Transversal Negative Emissions Technology. Technical University of Crete, Greece, May 2024. Invited presentation to the nine universities in Trans European University EURECA-PRO
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: de Haro-Mart�, M.E., Chahine, M., Schott, L., Hatzenbuehler, P., Chen, L., Tejeda, H., Nunes, S., McGuire, M. 2024. Idaho Sustainable Agriculture Initiative for Dairy (ISAID) seeks to create a bioeconomy from dairy byproducts by recycling manure nutrients. Poster presentation. University of Idaho Extension Annual Conference. April 10, Moscow, ID
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Zheng, Y., and Hatzenbuehler, P. 2024. Spatial cropland distribution for optimal dairy manure management in Idaho. 2024 Western Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, June 23  25
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sone, B., Strickland, M. Legacy effects of diverse cover crops on soil microbial communities and winter wheat growth. SSSA Annual Meeting. October 29 - November 1st, 2023. St. Louis, MO.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Otero-Jim�nez, V. Curious Minds: cover crops, potatoes, and soil health - Mentes curiosas: cultivos de cobertura, papas y salud del suelo. January 17-18, 2024. Idaho Potato Conference, Pocatello, ID.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Strickland, M., Otero-Jimenez, V. The importance of soil for human health - International Seminar on Health: The impacts of climate change on human health. May 20-21, 2024. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Richardson, K., Bauer, A. Strickland, M. Antibiotic alternative in the dairy industry: Comparing how AHV and antibiotics impact the soil microbial community. Institute of Health and the Human Ecosystem. May 9th, 2024. Moscow, ID.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Bronte, S., Strickland, M. Legacy effects of diverse cover crops on soil microbial communities and winter wheat growth. January 11th, 2024. Biological Sciences Division Seminar Series at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Teixeira, I. and M. Chahine. 2024. Dairy Farming and the Circular Bioeconomy. Ag Proud, April 2024
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Chen, L. and A. Reza. 2024. Ammonia removal and recovery from anaerobically digested liquid dairy manure using vacuum thermal stripping-acid absorption process. WasteEng24, Sendai, Japan. August 20-23, 2024
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Das, A. K., A. Reza, and L. Chen. 2024. Pollutants removal from anaerobically digested dairy wastewater by electro-oxidation process: A RSM optimization and modeling, ASABE AIM 2024, Anaheim, CA. July 28-31, 2024
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Das, A. K. and L. Chen. 2024. Ammonia removal from dairy waste stream using combined chemical coagulation and photoelectron-fenton process: A GRA-Taguchi, RSM, and ANN based optimization and modeling, ASABE AIM 2024, Anaheim, CA. July 28-31, 2024
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Chen, L. Kruger, K. 2024. Flushed liquid dairy manure solid particle and nutrient distributions. AgEng2024, Athens, Greece. July 1-4, 2024
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Chen, L. Pandey, B. and Kruger, K. 2024. Evaluation of on-farm centrifuges and screens on removing solids and nutrients and reducing ammonia emissions from dairy wastewater. CIGR 2024, Jeju, South Korea. May 19-23, 2024
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Chen, L. and Reza, A. 2024. Ammonia removal and recovery from anaerobically digested liquid dairy manure using vacuum thermal stripping. 2024 ENVIRONSUMMIT, Porto, Portugal. April 15-18, 2024
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Chen, L. and Reza, A. 2024. Ammonia removal and recovery from anaerobically digested liquid dairy manure using vacuum thermal stripping-acid absorption process. 64th Idaho Academy of Science and Engineering Symposium-17th Intermountain Conference on the Environment Joint Symposium-Sustainability & The Earths Climate, Pocatello, ID. April 5-6, 2024
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Chen, L. and Reza, A. 2023. Ammonia removal and recovery from anaerobically digested liquid dairy manure using vacuum thermal stripping-acid absorption process: a GRA-Taguchi, RSM, and RSM-ANN based optimization and modeling. 2023 Northwest Bioenergy Summit, Kennewick, WA. October 10-12, 2023
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Chen, L. and Reza, A. 2023. Ammonia removal and recovery from anaerobically digested liquid dairy manure using vacuum thermal stripping-acid absorption process. RAIMIRAN 2023, Cambridge, UK. September 10-14, 2023
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Brooks, E. Water use efficiency and SWAT modeling results at the Intermountain Sustainability Research Priority Meeting. Dairy West. Boise, ID. March 21 2024
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: https://www.uidahoisaid.com/


Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23

Outputs
Target Audience:A diverse and strategic audience was reached within this reporting period. Through efforts of project personnel, we have reached industry professionals including dairy producers, agricultural producers, energy producers, crop advisors, the Idaho Wheat Commission, Dairy West, Idaho Dairymen's Association, the Idaho Barley Commission, ag engineers, wastewater engineers, wastewater managers, water resource managers, ag economists, members of the soil amendment and fertilizer industry, retail distributors, members of the scientific community, rural communities, tribal nations, and the general public. Academic audiences reached include extension professionals, industry researchers, undergraduate researchers, undergraduate agricultural economics students, MS and PhD students assisting in research for our PIs, and agricultural and life sciences students. Various governmental partners such as policy makers, soil and water conservation districts, natural resource planners, and water quality regulators have participated in various programs and discussions. In addition, we have reached non-profit organizations focused on rural support and food assistance. Changes/Problems:Some of our changes included turnover in faculty and graduate students. Challenges that occurred during the reporting period were continued difficulty in shipping times due to global supply chain issues, understanding social media rules regarding advertising, and logistical changes when project focuses are realigned. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project has provided opportunities to undergraduate students to gain experience training for and working in labs and has provided technology to assess market potential in a senior agricultural economics capstone course which engages with stakeholders and faculty members. Graduate students have been trained on the University of Idaho Extension publication process, specific data modeling software, and air monitoring equipment. They have also received the opportunity to learn about team science and information on industry specific career progression. Professionals working for the project have been able to complete human research subject training and qualitative data collection and analysis training. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of our research have been disseminated to communities of interested through presentations, publications, workshops, magazine articles, farm and dairy visits, professional conferences, social media channels, website, industry events, networking with industry partners, dairy tours, and direct stakeholder interaction. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continued efforts in data analysis, evaluation of results, and communication to communities of interest will be enhanced. Tests of ammonia stripping of dairy manure are underway. The design and implementation of some process automation for the PHBV production reactor will enhance refinement of dissolved oxygen control to further enhance metabolic conversion of VFAs to PHVB. Coordinated molecular studies in biochar chemical and physical modalities that enhance nutrient adsorption and enhance soil health and crop productivity are expected. An assessment of water quality in Idaho's Magic Valley region is happening through collaborations with other research entities. Cross-focus collaborations will lead to potential commercialization pathways. Expanded research will occur on cover crops, the nutrient value of compost through greenhouse and on-farm trials, energy requirements of a conceptual continuous-flow process for hydrochar production, and the technoeconomic assessment (TEA) of various bioproduct technologies. Professional development for students with an emphasis on team collaboration will be a focus.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1 Laboratory-scaled tests on ammonia striping from anaerobically digested liquid manure were performed with results presented at 2023 ASABE AIM in Nebraska, ENSCIENCE 2023 in Brussels, Belgium, and UI Waste Management Workshop in Twin Falls, Idaho. Two peer reviewed journal papers have been published. Both lab and on-farm tests with on-farm separation technologies including centrifuges and screens on dairy manure have generated data to understand the bioproducts generated. A strategy to remove excess solids from fermented dairy manure, with the aim to enhance PHBV production on the VFA-rich dairy fermenter liquor (DFL), was successfully implemented. Plate membrane filtration removed 100% of DFL suspended solids, thus purifying the substrate. The aim of these investigations was to improve the PHBV technology and product output by not compromising the PHBV-rich biomass with extraneous inert suspended solids derived from dairy manure fermentation. Utilizing the refined DFL substrate, several PHBV production evaluations were conducted ultimately generating a biomass end product that contained > 40% PHBV intracellularly (w/w basis). An integrated biochar dosing system was developed with the capacity to precisely add biochar to a process waste stream, such as anaerobic digester waste flows. We installed and integrated this unit with an operating ozone disinfection system and trialed flows with make-up water and other wastewaters, including dairy lagoon water, at about 3-10 gallons per minute flows to explore ozone demand impacts on calculated pathogenicity of some waste process streams. Several biochar - dairy waste contactor approaches at the 25-to-400-gallon scale were examined. In this work, chemical approaches including pH, iron salt and magnesium salt solutions were tested to stabilize and recover total phosphorous and total nitrogen in these mixtures. A mixing assembly was designed to allow 400-gallon batches to be processed to allow for sufficient quantity of nutrient-upcycled soil amendments for field studies. Two new fractionation technology approaches for cost effective solids and dissolved nutrient removal from dairy waste streams especially RNG anaerobic digesters were compared. The systems capable of operating at 10 to 40 gallons per minute were configured on a 40 ft field research trailer with side-by-side separation approaches from a single influent line allowing a simultaneous direct comparison. Development and testing of novel biochars for use in dairy effluent treatment continued. Tests of the availability of phosphorous from dairy waste-treated biochar and its effects on barley growth are underway. A testing protocol was developed to evaluate dairy-based biochar for nutrient availability. Objective 2 Experiments were performed to study how new management methods, such as using cover crops, affect soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, as well as soil microbial communities. During the recent growing season, soil samples were collected and analyzed them for various chemical and biological properties to assess the long-term impacts of cover crops on soil quality and function. Winter wheat assessments included measurement of biomass, yield, and grain nitrogen content. We are currently analyzing the results and have shared preliminary results with interested groups through presentations. The effects of an alternative to antibiotics on soil health metrics and microbial communities were conducted with results undergoing analyses. Two microcosm experiments using soil from the Magic Valley Region of Idaho examined the impact of bioproduct amendments under varying moisture conditions on soil microbial community composition and function. Data analysis for these experiments is finished, and the results have been included in a Master's thesis. Continued alternative soil amendment product testing and development through chemical characterization and waste treatment bioproduct manufacturing process modifications occurred. Data are being compiled and analyzed. Through the USDA NIFA SAS grant and a NASA-Jet Propulsion Lab, Western Water Applications Office grant we were able to work with USDA-ARS in monitoring differences in consumptive water use in mid and low elevation irrigation sprinkler systems at two center pivot irrigated fields at the CAFE farm site. Additional soil moisture and crop yield measurements were made at these fields to understand spatial variability driven by differences in soil depth. Objective 3 Efforts identified data sources and datasets related to the supply of dairy manure and the demand for nutrients for crop production in Idaho. This included a review of existing literature to obtain conversion parameters for dairy manure, compost, and associated nutrients aiding the development of a baseline dataset. A spatial analysis for key dairy producing counties regarding the number of dairies and associated number of dairy cows by location and over the past several decades was implemented to obtain initial estimates of supply-demand balances for key nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium) used in crop production. The Arrowleaf team has continued to analyze and integrate diverse stakeholder and supply chain participant perspectives related to the economic, social, and environmental aspects of the dairy industry and the bioproducts by completing seven additional in-depth interviews. All interview data was analyzed using ATLAS.ti software. Survey instruments to collect sociological data that complements and extends the interview findings were outlined for future use. The software SimaPro and the EcoInvent Database was used for Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) model design testing the various technologies of the project, and to establish a generalized inventory of inputs and outputs. The team successfully applied an initial modeling approach and process inventory for an LCA of the biochar-integrated reactive filtration process from data in laboratory studies and testing from three field sites. Objective 4 Students involved with the grant have developed Extension products that have now entered the review process. A website was developed with continual population of events, research, and information. Active social media channels shared project information. Educational materials were provided to the National Association of County Agricultural Agents Annual Meeting (NACAA). Students within the grant have continued to gain an understanding of the production and use of bio-products through speakers and industry professionals presenting at annual student conferences and workshops. Undergraduate students in their capstone course delivered a report to Timber Creek Recycling (TCR) that identified the most profitable crops within a 75-mile radius of their Nampa, ID facility. Additionally, they conducted a thorough assessment, comparing the costs and benefits of composting dairy manure with use in its original, fresh state.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Anderson M, Durgesh V, Baker M, Yu P, M�ller G (2023) Biomimetic crossflow filtration with wave minimal surface geometry for particulate biochar water treatment. PLOS Water 2(1): e0000055. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000055
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Asghar S, Chen L, He BB. Optimization of Simultaneous Nutrients and Chemical Oxygen Demand Removal from Anaerobically Digested Liquid Dairy Manure in a Two-Step Fed Sequencing Batch Reactor System Using Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2023 May 8. doi: 10.1007/s12010-023-04562-2. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 37155003.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Baker, M. C., McCarthy, D., Taslakyan, L., Henchion, G., Mannion, R., Strawn, D. G., & M�ller, G. (2023). Ironozone catalytic oxidation reactive filtration of municipal wastewater at field pilot and full-scale with high-efficiency pollutant removal and potential negative CO2e with biochar. Water Environment Research, 95(5), e10876. https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.10876
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Brooks, Erin, Chahine, M., de Haro Marti, M.,Challenges and Opportunities for Scaling Integrated Research from Laboratory to Commercial Operation - Presented by: Linda Schott, University of Idaho, Twin Falls. ASABE Annual International Meeting, Omaha, NE July 8-12, 2023
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: He, B. 2023. Batch process operational effects on phosphorus attainment in hydrochar produced by hydrothermal carbonization of dairy manure. Journal of the ASABE, 66(1):144-148. (doi: 10.13031/ja.15194).
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: B. Brian HE, Zheting BI, Lide CHEN. ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN HYDROCHAR PRODUCED BY HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF DAIRY MANURE. Front. Agr. Sci. Eng., 2023, 10(3): 437?447 https://doi.org/10.15302/J-FASE-2023507
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Laan, M., Kayler, Z. E., Huerta, J., & Strawn, D. G. (2023). Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) photosynthetic and water use efficiency response to dairy-amended biochar. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment, 6, e20423. https://doi.org/10.1002/agg2.20423
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Myers CA, de Marti MH, Chahine M, Chibisa GE. PSII-B-20 Altering the Particle Size of Supplemental Zeolite (Clinoptilolite) in Finishing Cattle Diets: Manure Characteristics and Ammonia Emissions. J Anim Sci. 2022 Sep 21;100(Suppl 3):364. doi: 10.1093/jas/skac247.664. PMCID: PMC9493881. (Abstract)
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Parsons, E., K. Hettinga, D. Zieber (all undergraduate students), and P. Hatzenbuehler. Idaho dairy innovations in manure management. Idaho Ag Proud, September 2023.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Arif Reza, Lide Chen. Optimization and modeling of ammonia nitrogen removal from anaerobically digested liquid dairy manure using vacuum thermal stripping process. Science of The Total Environment, Volume 851, Part 2. 2022. ISSN 0048-9697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158321.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Arif Reza, Lide Chen, Kevin Kruger. Microwave irradiated ammonia nitrogen removal from anaerobically digested liquid dairy manure: A response surface methodology and artificial neural network-based optimization and modeling. Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. Volume 10, Issue 5. 2022. ISSN 2213-3437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2022.108279.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sone, B.M., Elmquist, D.C., Eigenbrode, S.D., Strickland, M.S. 2023. Multi-species cover crops affect microbial communities and enhance trophic relationships in the soil food web. In S. Crow, K. Schroeder, D. Finkelnburg, S. Philips, & M. Corp (Eds.), Dryland Field Day Abstracts: Highlights of Research Progress. University of Idaho Extension.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sone, B.M., Lamichhane, R., Spakota, S., Laxmisagara Sagar, K. 2023. Impacts of nitrogen additions to the nitrogen cycle in Southern Idaho. University of Idaho Extension Bulletin.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Strawn DG, Crump AR, Peak D, Garcia-Perez M, M�ller G (2023) Reactivity of Fe-amended biochar for phosphorus removal and recycling from wastewater. PLOS Water 2(4): e0000092. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000092
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Wang, X. 2023. Estimation of Dairy Manure-based Nutrient Supply-Demand Balances in Idaho, 1990 to 2022. M.S. Thesis. University of Idaho.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Yu, P., Baker, M. C., Crump, A. R., Vogler, M., Strawn, D. G., & M�ller, G. (2023). Biochar integrated reactive filtration of wastewater for P removal and recovery, micropollutant catalytic oxidation, and negative CO2e: Process operation and mechanism. Water Environment Research, 95(9), e10926. https://doi.org/10.1002/wer.10926
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Bauer, Amanda. 2023. Dryland Reclamation through a Soil Microbial Lens: Irrigation and Biochar Carbon Sequestration. M.S. Thesis in Soil and Land Resources.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Bautista, Francisco E., Walsh, O. Schroeder, K. Hatzenbuehler, P. Nambi, E. Lamichhane, R. Water and N Footprint in Pulses : Impact of Seeding Rate on Pulse Yield. Proc. of the Western Crop Science Society of America Conference - oral presentation.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Bautista, Francisco E. Olga S. Walsh. Juliet Marshall. Eva Nambi. Chad Jackson. Ritika Lamichhane. Emmanuella Owusu Ansah. Jordan McClintick-Chess. Wheat Yield and Protein Estimation with Handheld and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Mounted Sensors, Proc. of the Western Crop Science Society of America Conference - oral presentation.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Chen, L. 2023. A look at liquid dairy manure solids and nutrients separation. Available at: A look at liquid dairy manure solids and nutrients separation | Ag Proud (August 3, 2023). https://www.agproud.com/articles/58061-a-look-at-liquid-dairy-manure-solids-and-nutrients-separation
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Chen, L., B. Pandey, and K. Kruger. 2023. Evaluation of on-farm centrifuge and screen on removing solids and nutrients from liquid dairy manure. Environmental Sustainability through Waste and Recycling (ENSURE) 2023, San Francisco, CA, April 10-12, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Chen, L., A. Reza, and k. Kruger. 2023. Optimization and modeling of microwave irradiated ammonia nitrogen removal from anaerobically digested liquid dairy manure. ENSCIENCE 2023, Brussels, Belgium, May 25-27, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Submitted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Chen, L and A. Reza. 2023. A robust optimization approach for ammonia removal from anaerobically digested liquid dairy manure using vacuum thermal stripping process. ASABE AIM 2023, Omaha, NE, July 10-13, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Chen, L., A. Reza, and A.K. Das. 2023. Recent advances in electrochemical treatment of livestock waste streams. ASABE AIM 2023, Omaha, NE, July 10-13, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Submitted Year Published: 2023 Citation: Chen, L., and A. Reza. 2023. Ammonia removal from anaerobically digested liquid dairy manure using vacuum thermal stripping. 2023 UI Waste Management Workshop, Twin Falls, ID, September 9, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Chen, L. and K. Kruger. 2023. Solid dairy manure and dairy manure compost nutrients. Western Society of Crop Science Meeting, Honolulu, Hawaii, June 26-28, 2023
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Chen, L., 2023. UI waste management workshop, Twin Falls, Idaho, August 9, 2023
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Chen, L. 2023. Liquid dairy manure solid particle and nutrient distributions, Western Nutrient Management Conference 2023, Reno, NV, March 9-10, 2023
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Coats, E.R., Appel, F., Guho, N., Brinkman, C.K., Mellin, J. Interrogating the Performance and Microbial Ecology of an EBPR/Post-anoxic Denitrification Process at Bench and Pilot Scales. 2023. Water Environment Research. Abstract.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Das, A.K. and L. Chen. 2023. Optimization of nutrients removal from anaerobically digested liquid dairy manure by electrooxidation process. 2023 UI Waste Management Workshop, Twin Falls, ID, September 9, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: de Haro Marti, Mario. Research and Extension projects related to dairy production at the University of Idaho, USA. Seminar. Autonomous University of Barcelona. Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain. July 27, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: de Haro Marti, Mario. Extension report and programs updates. Board of County Commissioners. Gooding, ID. February 6, 2023.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: de Haro Marti, Mario. Update on UI Research and Extension programs. Middle Snake Regional Water Resource Commission. Twin Falls, ID. November 16, 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: He, B. Brian, and L. Chen. 2023. Hydrochar as a vehicle for phosphorus cycling. Presentation at the Waste Management Workshop. Aug. 09, 2023. Twin Falls Research and Extension Center, Twin Falls, Idaho.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Laan, M. 2022. Phosphorus Characterization and Transport in Traditionally Fertilized No-Till vs. Conventionally Managed Systems and Greenhouse Growth Trials Using Dairy Manure-Amended Soils. Soil and Land Resources, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences. Masters Thesis.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Mahdy, I.M., and B. Brian He. 2023. Assessment of energy requirement for biomass conversions in hydrothermal carbonization of dairy manure into hydrochar. Presentation at the ASABE 2023 Annual International Meeting. July 9-12, 2023. Omaha, Nebraska.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Otero-Jimenez, V., Sone, B.M., Strickland, M.S. 2023. Enzyme activities under single species and mixtures of cover crops positively impacts soil carbon availability. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Portland, OR, USA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Richardson, K., Strickland, M.S. 2023. Antibiotic Alternative in the Dairy Industry: Comparing how unmetabolized AHV and antibiotics affects the soil microbial community. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Portland, OR, USA.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Smoot L, Mellin J, Brinkman CK, Popova I, Coats ER. Interrogating nitritation at a molecular level: Understanding the potential influence of Nitrobacter spp. Water Research. 2022 Oct;224:119074. DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.119074. PMID: 36113236.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sone, B.M., Lucas, J.M., Osburn, E.D., Strickland, M.S. 2023. Legacy effects of diverse cover crops on soil microbial communities and winter wheat growth. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Portland, OR, USA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Sone, B.M., Kahl, K., Johnson-Maynard, J., Strickland, M.S. 2023. Soil health, soil conditioning, and cover crops. Asotin County Master Gardeners.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Vogler, M. 2023. The Optimization of Biochar for the Removal of Phosphorus from Water. Water Resources, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences. Masters Thesis.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Wang, X., and P. Hatzenbuehler. 2023. Estimation of dairy manure-based nutrient supply-demand balances in Idaho, 1990 to 2022. Presentation at the 2023 Joint Canadian Agricultural Economics Society and Western Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Whistler, BC, 17  20 July.


Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22

Outputs
Target Audience:general public; undergraduate and graduate students; tribal nations; crop advisors and agronomists; wheat and barley commissions; forage producers; dairy producers; scientists and engineers in the fields of water management; nutrient cycling; environmental protection, and resource utilization; USDA-ARS; USDA-NRCS; Idaho Dairymen's Association; Dairy West; Idaho Department of Water Resources; Idaho State Department of Agriculture; National Agricultural County Agents Association; Extension faculty/county agents; local government; soil and water conservation districts; irrigation organizations; non-governmental organizations; community water and wastewater managers; consulting engineers; biochar, soil amendment, and fertilzer industries; biomass energy producers; various unit advisory boards Changes/Problems:COVID-19 continued to affect some activities (especially face-to-face meetings and graduate student recruitment), and impacted the supply chain for research efforts. Conditions stabilized some in the last 6 months of the year. A faculty member involved in the project departed for another institution. Distribution of his duties are being determined. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Graduate students and post-doctoral research associates participated in numerous seminars and workshops through the year to aid in understanding the complexity related to sustainability, the breadth of agriculture, how to conduct needs assessments, development of extension products, and the need for leadership. Students were tasked with developing research proposals, conducting the research either through experiments or design-build-test approaches, and presenting resulting in written and oral forms. Presentations were within the institution, at professional meetings, and at field days offering the opportunity to interact with a wide range of potential peers and clientele. Undergraduate students are introduced to research through the project. They learn various assays, gain an understanding of precision and accuracy, maintain lab notebooks for accountability, and are offered independent research. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been shared through a variety of mechanisms. Refereed journal articles have been published for many of the objectives of the grant with data from theses. A number of field day events highlighted preliminary data related to fertilizer guide recommendations, water use efficiency, waste handling systems, and soil health. Presentations at professional conferences were numerous demonstrating various activities of the grant. Advisory boards, USDA-ARS, irrigators, conservation districts, NRCS planners, county agents and Extension professionals, and industry groups were provided updates in results and latest in activities. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Objective 1 Nutrient-enriched biochar from the Clean Water machine instillation at an Idaho dairy will be utilized for agronomic tests. Finalize dairy fermenter liquor evaluation and performance for PHBV production leading to balance assessment. Process optimization for hydrothermal carbonization will be addressed. Continued dissemination of research results comparing centrifuge versus screen separation of dairy manure. Ammonia stripping techniques will be applied to raw dairy manure at a bench and pilot scale. Continued evaluation for improvement of compost quality with reduced emissions. Objective 2 Data collection for fertilizer guides will continue with addition of manure and bioproduct evaluations. Another year of data collection will evaluate how cover crops influence soil C and N cycling and soil microbial communities. The microcosm study evaluating differing moisture regimes and bioproduct amendments on soil microbial community composition and function will continue. Evaluation of P speciation interactions with soil and plants grown with commercial fertilizer or nutrient-enriched bioproducts. The water quantity assessment of the SWAT model of the Twin Falls Canal Company will be finalized. Scenarios will be evaluated that impact the adoption of more forage crops and alternate irrigation application strategies in the region on water quantity and downstream water availability. Predictions related to water quality will be tested. Improvements in model parameterization with alternative nutrient sources (i.e., bioproducts) will be developed. Objective 3 Year 3 of corn with cover crops is underway. Approximately 20 additional stakeholder interviews will be conducted, a dairy producer survey launched, and the first publications assessing acceptability of bioproducts submitted. Initial economic evaluation of bioproducts will occur as field data become available. Objective 4 During the next reporting period, the education team will host two events. The first will be in late Fall 2022 or early winter 2023. This session will be virtual to reduce travel and allow students to participate without missing classes. The focus will be on interdisciplinary collaboration and will allow follow-up discussion and further investigation of the Toolbox results. A second goal will be to make progress on the development of required extension-based materials for stakeholders. A second, in-person retreat will be held at the main campus in Moscow, ID. This event will allow focused time for students to work in teams on their extension products, hear from speakers working on related aspects of bioeconomy and build their skills around interdisciplinary communication. Evaluation of another technology will occur in the AGEC 478 Capstone course. Multiple Extension publications will be developed and the online resource website will have greater content. Engagement with stakeholders through workshops, field days, individual meetings, and conferences will continue. A series of podcasts will begin highlighting the results. A series of short videos will be produced noting the various bioproducts from the project.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Objective 1 The Clean Water machine was utilized at municipal wastewater facilities while working through approvals to be located at an Idaho dairy. Changes in the technology have altered the volatile fatty acid production within the system, which may aid in co-product value. Plate membrane filtration was successfully used to remove 100% of the VFA-rich dairy fermenter liquor for bioplastic production. This improved yield of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with biomass containing greater than 40% PHBV. This process also removed significant amounts (70-90%) of phosphorous (P) from the liquor which may lead to a high PHBV with P-rich biomass as a potential soil amendment. Centrifugation and screening of dairy manure was tested to separate liquid and solid portions on farms. Composition and yield of nutrients was determined for both methods and shared with target audiences via various presentations, journal articles, farm visits, and YouTube videos. This aids dairy producers in determining best practices for their operations. Ammonia was stripped from anaerobically digested liquid manure at a lab scale. The results demonstrated capacity to capture nitrogen with results under peer review. Improvements in the composting of dairy manure were tested through addition of clinoptilolite, biochar, and pumice and an evaluation of the C:N ratio. An evaluation of air emissions from this work resulted in a thesis. Objective 2 Substantial data for development of updated fertilizer guides for cereals and forages were collected. Preliminary results for wheat and barley production were provided to producers through multiple field days. Greenhouse growth trials using nutrients captured from the Clean Water machine were conducted. Extensive evaluation of the P speciation occurred to address availability of various P fractions. A novel method was developed to measure the isotopic composition of oxygen associated with phosphate to track soil and plant interactions with P. Preliminary results from initial experiments assessing how cover crops alter soil C and N cycling and soil microbial communities have been presented to stakeholders and professionals. Manuscripts are in development. The evaluation, development and testing of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model for the use and evaluation of nutrient and water management strategies on nutrient export and nutrient use efficiency occurred. This included both field measurement, remote sensing analysis and modeling. We were able to acquire NASA-Jet Propulsion Lab, Western Water Applications Office to directly monitor differences in consumptive water use in mid and low elevation irrigation sprinkler systems at two center pivot irrigated fields at the CAFÉ farm site. Additional soil moisture and crop yield measurements were made at these fields to understand spatial variability driven by differences in soil depth. These field data will be used to assess the ability of the SWAT model to replicate consumptive water use and field scale soil moisture and crop yield variability. A temporal persistence analysis of historic field-scale consumptive water use patterns across the concentrated dairy producing region in the state (Magic Valley) was conducted. Both the field monitoring activities and remote sensing analysis will not only provide an opportunity to assess the accuracy of the SWAT model but will also provide the baseline assessment to identifies the potential field sites that would most benefit from biochar and other alternative amendments to regenerate soil and improve production. A considerable amount of effort assessing the ability of the SWAT model to replicate evapotranspiration and irrigation return flows within the Twin Falls Canal district based on satellite imagery estimates (OpenET) and historic data collected by the USDA-ARS occurred. Interactions with USDA-ARS and water managers with the Twin Falls Canal Company aided in the SWAT model. Objective 3 Interseeding of corn with cover crops was performed providing data for the evaulation of the benefit. In-depth interviews with stakeholders were conducted that complemented the first round of interviews in year 1. Preliminary data have been evaluated using the ATLAS.it software with consideration for the next round of interviews. Objective 4 Work of the education committee during the reporting period focused on gaining a better understanding of the needs and background of our students and post-doctoral researchers through a pre-program survey. The educational committee organized and hosted a retreat that helped prepare students and post-doctoral researchers to work effectively with stakeholders to improve the sustainability of dairy systems. The Toolbox survey was administered to allow the students to examine their similarities and differences in how they approach science and research. Toolbox results highlighted some differences that will be explored to a greater extent in follow up activities with the overall goal of helping students from different disciplines to work together effectively as a team. Assessment of the first annual retreat indicated that we achieved the goals of the retreat. Responses indicated that the retreat helped students and post-docs understand the overall goals of the larger project and to put their own work in context. A market feasibility project for the Clean Water Machine (CWM) was assigned to seniors enrolled in the Spring 2022 AGEC 478 Advanced Agribusiness Management course (the capstone for Agribusiness and Agricultural Economics majors). The project instructions asked students to look at how feasible it is for CWM to be adopted by dairy facilities. Drs. Moller and Strawn, faculty working on the Clean Water Machine, presented to the class an overview of the technology - its function and benefits. They were also available to students throughout the semester for additional follow up discussions or questions. The students were given freedom to incorporate any components, analyses, or data they deemed important in determining the viability of this product with dairies, but all were required to produce a Porter's Five Forces model and a PESTEL (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal) analysis of dairy affluent management industry. A total of 16 students were enrolled in the class. They were divided into five teams and given much of the semester to work on the project. Each team produced a written report and verbally reported their findings to the class. Educational materials were provided to participants at the National Association of County Agricultural Agents Annual Meeting (NACAA meeting). The NACAA meeting is by far the largest gathering of Extension Educators/Agricultural Agents in the nation. The Extension team met with the leadership team for NACAA regarding future workshops and train the trainer events. Educational materials and a presentation were also provided to dairy nutritionists at the Pacific Northwest Animal Nutrition Conference, the largest gathering of dairy/livestock nutritionists in the Pacific Northwest.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Bauer, A. 2022. Irrigation of Historical Drylands: Consequences on Soil Microbes and Antibiotic Resistance [Oral]. Idaho Statewide 3MT Competition, Boise, Idaho, USA. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-ydsnFJP2ho
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Bauer, A. 2022. Transformative Cultivation of Deserts: Impacts to Soil Microbes [Oral]. Soil and Water Science Seminar, University of Idaho, USA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Lamichhane R, Walsh OS, Nambi E, Owusu Ansah E, and J McClintick-Chess. 2022. Use of Remote Sensing Tools for Nitrogen Management in Spring Barley. (oral) Proc. of the Western Crop Science Society of America Conference
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Myers, Cheyanne, A. 2022. The use of zeolite (Clinoptilolite) to limit nitrogen wastage and manure ammonia emissions from finishing cattle. M.S. Thesis. University of Idaho. August 2022.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Reza, A. and L. Chen. 2022. Electrochemical treatment of livestock waste stream. A review. Environmental Chemistry Letters 2022, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-022-01393-1.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Reza, A. and L. Chen. 2021. Optimization and modeling of ammonia nitrogen removal form high strength synthetic wastewater using vacuum thermal stripping. Processes 2021, 9(11), 2059. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr9112059.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2022 Citation: Smoot, L., Mellin, J., Brinkman, C.K., Popova, I., Coats, E.R. Interrogating Nitritation at a Molecular Level: Understanding the Potential Influence of Nitrobacter spp. Water Research
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Lamichhane R, Walsh OS, Spackman JA, Adjesiwor AT, Nambi E, Owusu Ansah E, and Jordan R McClintick-Chess. 2022. Varietal Differences in Response of Spring Barley to Applied Nitrogen. Proc of the Dryland Field Day Abstracts: Highlights of Research Progress
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Walsh OS, Nambi E, Marshall J, and C Jackson. 2022. Optimum Nitrogen Rates for Wheat Depend on the Environment and Field-Specific Conditions. UI CIS 1028. 5 pp
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Walsh OS, Spackman J, Adjesiwor A, and E. Nambi. 2022. Soil Health Sampling for Updating Wheat Fertilizer Guide. Idaho Wheat Research Update.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Walsh OS. 2022. Nutrient and Water Use Efficiency and In-Season UAV-Based Crop Monitoring. Warsaw Division, Polish Society for Agronomy meeting, Virtual, April 21, 2022.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Andoni Bieter Lete, Imran Hussian Mahdy and B. Brian He. 2022. Water Extractable Phosphorus from Hydrochar Produced from Hydrothermal Carbonization of Dairy Manure (Abstract # 2200428). Poster presentation. Technical session 144 (Nutrient Cycling, Transport and Management, under Natural Resources & Environmental Systems).
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Bauer, A. 2022. Irrigation of historical drylands: Consequences on soil microbes & antibiotic resistance [Oral]. University of Idahos Three Minute Thesis � Competition, Moscow, Idaho, USA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Bauer, A. 2022. Cultivation of Desert Ecosystems: Impacts on Soil Microbes [Poster]. Soil Ecology Society 2022 Biennial Meeting, Richland, Washington, USA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Brooks, E.S. 2022. Managing Water Quantity and Quality the West. Invited Presentation at the 75th CSG (Council of State Governments) Annual Meeting, July 19-22, Boise, ID.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chapagain, A., Brooks, E., Johnson-Maynard, J. L., & Schott, L. R. (2021) Characterization of Spatial Variability of Soil Properties in Southern Idaho Production Fields. Oral presentation at the ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting, Nov. 7-10, Salt Lake City, UT. https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2021am/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/138166
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Deval, C. and Brooks, E.S. 2021. Variable Rate Management in Fields having Persistent Patterns in Field-Scale Crop Performance. Presented at the Water Management Field Day at the Idaho CAFE Dairy and Demonstration Farm. Aug. 27, 2021.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Imran Hussian Mahdy, Andoni Bieter Lete and B. Brian He. 2022. Characterization of Hydrochar via Hydrothermal Carbonization from Dairy Manure for Nutrient Cycling (Abstract # 2200492). Technical oral presentation. Technical session 238 (Nutrient Removal, Recovery, and Recycle, under Natural Resources & Environmental Systems).
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Johnson-Maynard, J. Idaho Sustainable Agriculture Initiative for Dairy: Graduate Education Overview. ISAID Annual Graduate Student Retreat. May 3, 2022, Twin Falls, ID.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Laan, M. Strawn, DG. Kayler, Z. Brooks, E. Huggins, DR. 2021. Isotopic Tracing of Phosphorus (P-?18O) in till and No-till Systems. ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, UT. November 2021.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Laan, Maggi. 2022. Phosphorus Characterization and Transport in Traditionally Fertilized No-Till vs. Conventionally Managed Systems and Greenhouse Growth Trials Using Dairy Manure-Amended Soils. MS thesis, University of Idaho. Soil and Water Systems Department.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Lamichhane R, and OS Walsh. 2022. Varietal Response of Wheat and Barley to Applied Nitrogen. UI Parma Field Day, August 18, 2022
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Lamichhane R and OS Walsh. Varietal Response of Wheat and Barley to Applied Nitrogen. Southern Idaho Cropping School (Virtual), April 30, 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Nambi E, and OS Walsh. 2022. Improving Nitrogen-Use Efficiency in Idaho Crop Production. Southern Idaho Cropping School (Virtual), April 30, 2022.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Owusu Ansah E and OS Walsh. Nutrient 4Rs. Southern Idaho Cropping School (Virtual), April 30, 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Richardson, K., Bauer, A., Strickland, M.S. 2022. Comparing the effects of antibiotics and alternative treatments used in the dairy cattle industry on soil microbial communities [Poster]. Soil Ecology Society 2022 Biennial Meeting, Richland, Washington, USA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Sone, B.M., Lucas, J.M., Strickland, M.S. 2021. Soil microbial community diversity and composition is affected by cover crop diversity [Rapid Oral & Poster presentation]. Soil Science Society of America Annual Meeting, Virtual, USA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Sone, B.M., Lucas, J.M., Osburn, E.D., Strickland, M.S. 2022. Soil microbial community diversity and composition is affected by cover crop diversity [Oral]. Soil Science Society of America Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Sone, B.M., Lucas, J.M., Osburn, E.D., Strickland, M.S. 2022. Soil microbial community diversity and composition is affected by cover crop diversity [Oral]. Ecological Society of America Annual Meeting, Montreal, Canada.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Spackman, J.A. 2022. Nitrogen Management Research in Small Grains. University of Idaho - Limagrain Cereal Seeds Field Day. 19 July, 2022. (100 attendees, 20 minutes).
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Spackman, J.A. 2022. Barley Research Program Updates  Fertility Management. Scoular Field Day. Jerome, ID. 28 June, 2022. (52 attendees, 20 minutes).
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Spackman, J.A. and J. Bevan. 2022. Nitrogen Management for Cereal Production. Pesticide and Nutrient Management Field Day. Aberdeen, ID. 28 June, 2022. (20 minutes).
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Spackman, J.A. 2022. Nitrogen Management for Cereal Production. Snake River Weed Management and Tour Field Day. Kimberly, ID. 22 June, 2022. (15 minutes).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Strawn D., G. Moller (2021) Presentation in Cultivating Success 2021 Small Farm and Ranch Webinar Series; University of Idaho Extension. Organizer Collette DePhelps. Title: Biochar: Properties and Potential as an Agricultural Amendment. 35 attendees, 25 external views (as of August 2021).
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Walsh OS. 2022. Farming in Water Limiting Environment. Southern Idaho Cropping School (Virtual). April 30, 2022.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Walsh OS. 2022. Soil Health in Wheat and Barley Variety Trials as Affected by Nitrogen. UI Parma Field Day, August 18, 2022
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Walsh OS. 2022. Soil Sampling and Testing. Southern Idaho Cropping School (Virtual), April 30, 2022.
  • Type: Other Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Walsh OS. 2022. Uniform Stand Importance Southern Idaho Cropping School (Virtual), April 30, 2022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Chen, L. and K. Kruger. 2022. Effects of centrifuges and screens on separating solids and nutrients and on affecting ammonia emissions from liquid dairy manure. 2022. Waste to Worth Conference. Oregon, OH. April 18-22, 2022.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chen, L. 2021. Evaluation of on-farm centrifuge and screen on removing solids and nutrients from liquid dairy manure. Ag Talk Report-September 2021, VOV. 3 ISS. 2. Available at: Ag Talk Tuesday | University of Idaho Extension (uidaho.edu)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chen, L. 2021. Evaluating on-farm centrifuges and screens on removing solids and nutrients and on reducing ammonia emissions from liquid dairy manure. 2021 International Symposium on Animal Environment and Welfare (ISAEW) (virtual via Zoom meeting), October 22, 2021.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Abbasi, M., Coats, E.R., and A.G. McDonald. Green solvent extraction and properties characterization of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) biosynthesized by mixed microbial consortia fed fermented dairy manure. Bioresource Technology Reports, 2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2022.101065.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chen, L. 2021. Liquid dairy manure solid and nutrient distribution. 2021 International Symposium on Animal Environment and Welfare (ISAEW) (virtual via Zoom meeting) (virtual via Zoom meeting), October 22, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chen, L. 2021. Evaluation of on-farm centrifuges and screens on removing solids and nutrients from liquid dairy manure. 2021 EPA Region 10 CAFO Workshop (virtual via Microsoft Teams meeting), October 13, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chen, L. 2021. Evaluating on-farm centrifuges and screens on removing solids and nutrients and on reducing ammonia emissions from liquid dairy manure. 2021 International Symposium on Animal Environment and Welfare (ISAEW) (virtual via Zoom meeting), October 22, 2021. Chen, L. 2021. Liquid dairy manure solid and nutrient distribution. 2021 EPA Region 10 CAFO Workshop (virtual via Microsoft Teams meeting), October 13, 2021.
  • Type: Book Chapters Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Bi, Z. and B. He. 2022. Chapter 26: Biochar from Microalgae. In 3rd Generation Biofuel: Disruptive technologies to enable commercial production. Editors: E. Jacob-Lopes. Elsevier/ Academic Press (UK). ISBN: 978-0-323-90971-6 (print), ISBN: 978-0-323-90338-7 (online).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Chen, L., H. Tejeda. 2022. Estimating the Efficiency and Cost of an On-Farm Centrifuge Separator. UI Extension BUL 991 (available at BUL991 Estimating the Efficiency and Cost of an On-Farm Centrifuge Separator (uidaho.edu))
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: de Haro Mart�, M.E., M. Chahine, and L. Schott. 2022. University of Idaho Sustainable Agriculture project seeks to create a bioeconomy from dairy byproducts to increase nutrient recycling. Waste to Worth, Advancing Sustainability in Animal Agriculture conference. Oregon, OH. April 18-22, 2022. (Abstract and Proceeding)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Lamichhane R, Walsh OS, Torrion JA, Liang X, Shafian S, Yang R, Belmont KM, and JR McClintick-Chess. 2022. Grain yield, quality, and spectral characteristics of wheat grown under varied nitrogen and irrigation. Proc. of the 2022 Pacific Northwest Water Research Symposium
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2022 Citation: He, B., 2022. Batch process operational effects on phosphorus attainment in hydrochar produced by hydrothermal carbonization of dairy manure. Journal of the ASABE (under review; Manuscript ID: NRES-15194-2022)


Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21

Outputs
Target Audience:general public; undergraduate and graduate students; tribal nations; crop advisors; wheat and barley commissions; crop growers; dairy producers; scientists and engineers in the fields of water management, nutrient cycling, environmental protection, and resource utilization; USDA-ARS; USDA-NRCS; Idaho Dairymen's Association; other dairy organizations; Idaho Department of Water Resources; local government; soil and water conservation districts; non-governmental organizations; community water and wastewater managers; consulting engineers; biochar, soil amendment, and fertilizer industries; biomass energy producers; advisory boards Changes/Problems:COVID-19 was disruptive in many ways to the project. The ability to conduct in-person meetings among researchers and stakeholders was very limited. Focus groups were challenging to organize with virtual approaches used. A shift in a portion of the budget may be requested as little travel was conducted while an increase in staff time doing in-person virtual interviews may be necessary to gather data more broadly across stakeholder groups. Although some field days and workshops did occur, cancellation of most in-person Extension events due to COVID-19 was common. People avoided large gatherings throughout the year. Supply chain shortages delayed the acquisition of air quality monitoring equipment and other supplies, which impacted some research components. Travel was difficult at times which led to some delays in sampling. Flexibility in work around COVID-19 restrictions highlighted the challenges for the year. Further the start of the project (August) was not ideal for securing competitive graduate students. Recruitment was much better for fall of 2021. One change identified in the research effort was the recognition of a new bioproduct from dairy waste streams. The team imagined that while nutrients and clean water are major resources available in dairy bioeconomy product development, important industrial bioproducts such as volatile fatty acids (VFA) and medium chain-length fatty acids (MCLFA) could have efficient separations and capture in the technologies being developed. Thus, the team initiated a major realignment of some project resources to explore this potential with thermodynamic separations modeling and integration of initial bench-scale and pilot scale design of experiments for VFA separation and capture-conversion. These planning activities concluded the three-phase dairy waste stream treatment technologies currently being developed could have a high potential for successful VFA bioproduct harvesting with anticipated positive LCA and TEA attributes. In addition, more emphasis will be toward production of bioproducts from anaerobic digestion (AD), an increasingly common practice within the dairy industry for the management of various waste streams. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Ten undergraduate students, fourteen graduate students, and one post-doctoral research associate actively participated in research and outreach for the project. The students were tasked with developing research proposals, performing the research, conducting experimental design-build-test opportunities, and producing written and oral communication of progress and results. Presentations occurred at project meetings, professional meetings, field days and at workshops on manure management for producers, Extension personnel, allied industry, and government agencies. Students were fully trained on analytical methods including spectrophotometric methods for nutrient analysis, GC/FID, GC/MS, and for FTIR gas analysis. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research findings have been disseminated through journal publications, formal presentations to both the scientific community and stakeholders, and informal communication (e.g., one-on-one conversations) with stakeholders during on farm visits. Outreach presentations to the Extension advisory board and in-service training/panel to Dairy West occurred. A communication specialist was hired to assist with outreach efforts. Multiple field days and workshops were offered. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The first year of the project allowed major purchases, hiring of staff, specific formulation of experiments, preliminary work, and development of new approaches to accelerate novel technologies that allow for the development of dairy waste stream bioproducts with a potential for positive dairy bioeconomy impacts. More frequent formal meetings of all teams will occur to support interactions and interdisciplinary activities. Each team (e.g., bioproducts, soil health, Extension) will continue to engage regularly with project PIs to ensure progress. Specific plans for each objective include the following. 1. To accelerate novel technologies for development of dairy waste stream bioproducts, laboratory and field trials to test current approaches and validate research hypotheses with critical experiments will be performed to satisfy the research objectives of our project. Experiments to increase the quantity and quality of PHBV product using the filtered DFL are planned. Phosphorus removal from DFL via the PHBV technology will be studied which will improve ELCA metrics. Preliminary investigations indicate that all soluble reactive phosphorus is recovered from the fermented dairy manure via the PHBV technology. Ammonia striping tests on real dairy manure will be conducted. Field trials testing the impacts of compost on crop production and soil properties will continue. A pilot compost reactor will be designed, constructed, and tested. 2. The microcosm experiment aimed at assessing bioproduct amendments will be completed. Greenhouse trials of recovered nutrients on soil health are underway. This work will measure the speciation and availability of phosphorus in amended soil samples. Another soil amendment trial of optimized dairy nutrient recovered bioproducts will be conducted. Field trials for fertilizer guides will continue at 3 or more locations throughout the state, extension outreach events will be expanded to reach even higher number of learners. 3. Technology enhancements that improve overall economics will be evaluated. Focus groups and interviews with various stakeholders are planned with the launch of a comprehensive dairy producer survey. Multiple field days (both in-person and virtual) will be hosted and sponsored. A social media campaign will help disseminate to our audiences the efforts associated with the project as well as any planned activities, events, and research highlights. 4. The education team will analyze data from their survey, develop at least one professional/skill development workshop and host a student retreat where students will be placed into teams to develop collaborative products. Course materials will be collated to create a market feasibility study performed in the Advanced Agribusiness Management (AGEC 478 "agribusiness capstone") course to quantify demand by potential end users of the "Clean Water Machine." Development of course material for "Biodegradable Plastics from Manure" will also direct market feasibility work in the agribusiness capstone class.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? 1. Plate membrane filtration was employed to successfully remove 100% of suspended solids in the production of bioplastic with improved PHBV production. A biochar loading and sterilization prototype process was designed, built, and tested. Lab and on-farm tests identified liquid dairy manure solid and nutrient distributions and compared on-farm centrifuges and inclined screens for removal of solids and nutrients. Preliminary lab tests on ammonia striping from synthetic liquid manure was performed. 2.A biochar dosing and recovery system was designed for nutrient recovery trials. An initial trial of barley growth in the greenhouse was conducted to establish plant growth methodology. Field experiments planted spring barley (malt, feed, and food) and spring wheat (hard white, soft white, and hard red) at three locations in southern Idaho. Five nitrogen rates were applied at planting based on the preplant soil test results. Soil moisture and crop sensors were installed throughout two center pivot irrigated fields at CAFÉ preparing for field plot work. 3. The Extension team worked closely with the social team to develop a list of stakeholders' names and contact info for the interviews and focus groups. Both teams met and discussed a plan for the assessments and an outline for moving forward. In-depth interviews took place with stakeholders representing different positions in the supply chain and broader system, including dairy producers, field crop producers, dairy industry representatives, and nonprofit/non-governmental agency representatives. 4. The Extension team held monthly meetings focused on creating a format and multiple platforms for engaging and disseminating the project's information to our communities of interest. Outreach and popular press articles were published to provide updates on research outcomes. A survey from the Education team, which included demographic and background questions, self-assessment of current skill level and comfort with collaboration, working with stakeholders and interdisciplinary communication was developed and sent to students and post-doctoral researchers on the project. @font-face { panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic- mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:3 0 0 0 1 0;}@font-face { panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic- mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536859905 -1073732485 9 0 511 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin:0in; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; ; mso-ascii- mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast- mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi- mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi- mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}p.MsoListParagraph, li.MsoListParagraph, div.MsoListParagraph {mso-style-priority:34; 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Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Biochar and Biden: Opportunities in a New Climate Driven Bioeconomy. G M�ller. Biochar Week Teleconference (Keynote), US Biochar Institute, December 7, 2020. https://biochar-us.org/presentation/biochar-and-biden-opportunities-new-climate-driven-bioeconomy
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Biochar: Properties and Potential as an Agricultural Amendment. D.G. Strawn. University of Idaho Extension, Cultivating Success" 2021 Small Farm and Ranch Webinar Series, February 16, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GJRTbR8uZYc
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Sone, B., Strickland, M.S. 2021. Cover Crop Diversity: Implications for Soil Carbon Cycling. University of Idaho Extension & Rural Roots Speaker Series, Moscow, ID, USA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Sone, B. 2020. Cover Crop Diversity Affects Microbial Community Diversity and Soil Carbon. ASA, CSSA and SSSA International Annual Meetings, Phoenix, AZ, USA.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Sone, B., Strickland, M.S. 2021. Cover Crop Diversity Affects Microbial Community Diversity and Soil Carbon. Soil Health and Innovations Conference, National Center for Appropriate Technology, Virtual, USA.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Pandey, B. and L. Chen. 2021. Technologies to recover nitrogen from livestock manure-a review. Science of the Total Environment. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147098
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Reza, A., and L. Chen. 2021. Ammonia Stripping. 2021 University of Idaho Manure Management Workshop. Twin Falls, Idaho, August 5, 2021.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chen, L. 2021. A centrifuge improves flushed liquid dairy manure separation efficiencies for solids and nutrients. Journal of Nutrient Management (available at https://issuu.com/hoardsdairyman/docs/jnm_q1_feb_2021_digital/s/11890723).
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chen, L. and K. Kruger. 2021. Evaluating on-farm centrifuges and screens on removing solids and nutrients and on reducing ammonia emissions from liquid dairy manure. 2021 University of Idaho Manure Management Workshop. Twin Falls, Idaho, August 5, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chen, L., K. Kruger, and B. Pandey. 2021. Liquid dairy manure solid and nutrient distributions. 2021 University of Idaho Manure Management Workshop. Twin Falls, Idaho, August 5, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Chen, L. and K. Kruger. 2021. Evaluation of on-farm centrifuge and screen on removing solids and nutrients and on reducing ammonia emissions from liquid dairy manure. 2021 ASABE Annual International Meeting. Virtual Meeting, July 12-15, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Pandey, B., L. Chen, K. Kruger. 2021. Particle size distribution and accompanying nutrients in flushed dairy manure. 2021 ASABE Annual International Meeting. Virtual Meeting, July 12-15, 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Walsh OS, Spackman JA, Adjesiwor AT, Lamichhane R, and E Owusu Ansah. 2021. Varietal Response of Spring Barley to Applied Nitrogen. Proc. of the Western Nutrient Management Conference
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Walsh OS, Spackman JA, Adjesiwor AT, Owusu Ansah E, and R Lamichhane. 2021. Varietal Response of Spring Wheat to Applied Nitrogen. Proc. of the Western Nutrient Management Conference
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Walsh OS, Spackman JA, Adjesiwor AT, Lamichhane R, and E Owusu Ansah. 2021. Varietal Response of Spring Barley to Applied Nitrogen. Proc. of the Western Crop Science Society of America Conference
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Walsh OS, Spackman JA, Adjesiwor AT, Owusu Ansah E, and R Lamichhane. 2021. Varietal Response of Spring Wheat to Applied Nitrogen. Proc. of the Western Crop Science Society of America Conference
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Walsh OS, Spackman JA, Adjesiwor AT, Lamichhane R, and E Owusu Ansah. 2021. Improving Fertilizer Recommendations for Sustainable Idaho Cereals Production and Enhanced Soil Health. Traders Dispatch
  • Type: Other Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2021 Citation: Walsh OS, Spackman JA, Adjesiwor AT, Lamichhane R, and E Owusu Ansah. 2021. Teaming Up to Improve Fertilizer Nitrogen Guidelines for Idaho Wheat and Barley. AgProud - Idaho, Fall 2021
  • Type: Other Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2021 Citation: Walsh OS, Spackman JA, Adjesiwor AT, Lamichhane R, and E Owusu Ansah. 2021. Response to Applied Nitrogen: Getting to Know Idaho Wheat and Barley. Crops & Soils, Fall 2021.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2022 Citation: de Haro Mart�, M.E., K. Dennis, and B. Messick. 2022. Helping southern Idaho farmers to adopt soil conservation techniques to increase soil health and reduce erosion. Soil Erosion Research under a Changing Climate Conference. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. Aguadilla, Puerto Rico. January 14-22, 2022. (Abstract and poster). (Accepted).