Source: NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV submitted to NRP
COLLECTION, ANALYSIS, AND REPORTING OF NORTH DAKOTA CLIMATE DATA
Sponsoring Institution
State Agricultural Experiment Station
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
STATE
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1022772
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2020
Project End Date
Mar 13, 2024
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
NORTH DAKOTA STATE UNIV
1310 BOLLEY DR
FARGO,ND 58105-5750
Performing Department
AES Continuing Appointments
Non Technical Summary
The regular daily and seasonally fluctuating weather make us vulnerable to flood, drought, freeze, and heat, all of which impact our economy, environment, and safety. The demand for accurate, accessible, and useful climate information is growing with increased awareness and understanding of climate impacts on society. Climate variability may have a significant impact on the agricultural community, yet any assessment of climate change contains some degree of uncertainty. Some of this uncertainty is a result of the spatial and temporal limitation of climate data. This project will help the State withDeveloping innovative climate observing platformsClimate data stewardship and data interpretation, andOutreach and education of climate science, data, and forecast.The goal is to create more climate-resilient communities in N.D. by educating, and taking proper actions to save lives and property. Climate-resilient communities have the capacity to absorb the stress and maintain function while climate change continues to impose stress on activities. Sometimes the climate-resilient communities can take advantage of the opportunities that comes along as a result of the changing climate.
Animal Health Component
100%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
100%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
13204302070100%
Knowledge Area
132 - Weather and Climate;

Subject Of Investigation
0430 - Climate;

Field Of Science
2070 - Meteorology and climatology;
Goals / Objectives
Develop, enhance, and evaluate innovative observational technologies through a regional collaboration of observational networks and partnerships to develop new data and products to improve drought and flood risk assessments.Recruit volunteer observers for the citizen's network of precipitation observers into the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) in North Dakota to:quantify winter precipitation, i.e., snowfall, snow water equivalent, and snowpack information in the State to assist the National Weather Service (NWS) with accurate flood forecast.supplement North Dakota Agricultural Weather Network (NDAWN), The National Weather Service (NWS) Cooperative Observer Program (Coop) with summer precipitation to assist National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC) to assess drought conditions in the State.Collect drought impact information throughout the State to assist the National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC) to improve its drought assessment capabilities.Climate data stewardship and data sharing:Maintain the integrity of the historical climate records. Report and track errors in State's climate datasets and data products through web-based systems collaboration with NOAA.Analyze, summarize, and interpret North Dakota climatic data.Interprete snowpack, snow water equivalent, soil moisture, frost depth information in the State to assist the State Department of Emergency Services for accurate flood risk assessment, mitigation, and response practices.Interprete various drought indices, drought impact report information in the State to assist the State Department of Emergency Services for appropriate drought risk, mitigation, and response practices.Conduct outreach and public education in North Dakota on climate variability, products, and data.
Project Methods
Objective 1: Develop, enhance, and evaluate innovative observational technologies through a regional collaboration of observational networks and partnerships to develop new data and products to improve drought and flood risk assessments. Recruit volunteer observers for the citizen's network of precipitation observers into the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) in North Dakota. a)Recruit volunteer observers for the citizen's network of precipitation observers into the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) in North Dakota: Since the State's existing weather networks do not measure and report winter precipitation extensively (or do not observe at all), the CoCoRaHS data will remain an essential part of the State's complete hydrologic condition. We will put press realses that will emphasize need for the statewide volunteer observers. We will partner with National Weather Services in Bismarck and Grand Forks offices to put notices on their web sites indicating the need for volunteer precipitation observers. We will use every opportunity through meetings and outreach presentation to ask for volunteer participation to reach this goal . The data reported by these volunteer observers fill the gap in NDAWN and coop networks in both spatial and temporal scales. Each observer will measure daily precipitation and enter the data using a web form. The data will be available for public use as soon as the observer enters information.b)Collect drought impact information throughout the State to assist the National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC) to improve its drought assessment capabilities: The State Climate Office has a partnership with the National Weather Service Offices in Bismarck and Grand Forks as well as local state climate offices in neighboring states and province in M.N., MT, SD and Manitoba. Collectively, we make a regional drought designation recommendations to the National Drought Mitigation Center to form a Drought Monitor map weekly. Since most state and federal drought relief programs depend on the weekly Drought Monitor maps, this function of the Climate Office becomes vital to the State's economy. For example, Adams County met the eligibility requirement for the Livestock Forage Disaster Program during the 2017 grazing period by being in D4 for at least four non-consecutive weeks during the selected period. Adams county was in D4 for five whole weeks. Without an accurate and timely collection of county-wide drought information, Adams County and many counties like Adams County may have missed the opportunity to be qualified for this relief program and the other programs that are geared toward helping farmers whose productions are hampered by the drought. We will collect the drought information once a week using Google forms distributed throughout the state and ask participation from NDSU Extension county agents.Objective 2: Climate data stewardship and data sharing. a) Maintain the integrity of the historical climate records. Report and track errors in State's climate datasets and data products through web-based systems collaboration with NOAA: Accurate data are the basis for assessing and understanding climate from a local to a global scale. A successful program is built around a high-quality database that is accessible to the stakeholders. Careful stewardship of climate data, including collection, quality control, and archiving, is critical to the State's climate-service program. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI) and the NDSCO has signed a Memorandum of Agreement to ensure collaboration between the two centers for the climate-quality accurate climate data. The NDSCO utilizes a web-based system called "Datzilla" to report and track errors in NOAA datasets and Data-Products. The State Climate Office has been using this tracking system over ten years for the betterment of the State's climate data. The NDSCO will continue to utilize Datzilla as well as other data quality tracking systems used to ensure CoCoRaHS data quality as well.Analyze, summarize, and interpret North Dakota climatic data: The NDSCO will electronically publish a Quarterly North Dakota Climate Bulletin that will summarize the synopsis of the weather during the previous season. The Climate Office will also publish monthly climate report that will be used in NCEI monthly state climate summary page. Each publication will be available at the State Climate Office web site: https://www.ndsu.edu/ndsco/climatesummaries/ and will be distributed to the popular press and the general public.The Climate Office will interpret snowpack, snow water equivalent, soil moisture, frost depth information in the State to assist the State Department of Emergency Services for accurate flood risk assessment, mitigation, and response. We will use various resources to interpret this data. For example, CoCoRaHS network report snow depth and snow water equivalence at several locations along the Red River. The National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center publishes modeled snow analysis daily (NOHRSC, 2020). We will interpret the information from NOHRSC models used in the analysis. During the early stages of the 2020 flood risk across the State, the State Climatologist briefed the State Hazard Mitigation Intel team with the flood risk across the State so that appropriate mitigation measures could be put in right places.The Climate Office will also interpret various drought indices, drought impact report information in the State to assist the State Department of Emergency Services for appropriate drought risk, mitigation, and response practices. The State Climatologist played a critical role in the State Hazard Mitigation Intel team by-weekly meetings during the 2017 drought that created a $5.6B in N.D., SD, and M.T. alone (Jencso et al., 2019). It was the 2017 drought event that the Akyuz's Drought severity and Coverage Index (DSCI) first used to quantify the drought severity across the U.S. (Akyuz, 2017)Objective 3: Conduct outreach and public education in North Dakota on climate variability, products, and data: The purpose of this outreach is to promote the use of our climate services of the NDSCO. The State Climate Office will also interpret climate information available from the literature for public use. These efforts will include the following activities:· Presentations through face to face meetings on climate change impact on North Dakota's agriculture, climate variability, Red River flooding, Devils Lake flooding, tornadoes, floods, hail storms, blizzards, heavy snow events, El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and other teleconnections that could help with the seasonal climate outlooks in North Dakota.· Contribution in K12 education: We will participate in Science Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education under STEM Kids program and similar educational programs. We will visit public schools to promote climate-literacy proactively. NDSCO will continue to provide leadership in the State Science Olympiad competitions in meteorology event (Akyuz, 2020)Media contacts: We will use the media to reach out to a broader audience with climate information via periodic press releases and media interactions.

Progress 10/01/20 to 03/13/24

Outputs
Target Audience: Nothing Reported Changes/Problems:The PI passed away while this project was active. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Nothing to report.

Publications


    Progress 10/01/21 to 09/30/22

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Media, government agencies, and the general public. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Through press releases: local television, radio, and newspaper outlets reach out to as many N.D. citizens as we could reach out. Through presentations with drought information, and outlook at farm shows, workshops, and agricultural meetings. Web publications of climate summaries and bulletins (See:https://www.ndsu.edu/ndsco/climatesummaries/ ) What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Same as this period.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? Develop, enhance, and evaluate innovative observational technologies through a regional collaboration of observational networks and partnerships to develop new data and products to improve drought and flood risk assessments. Recruit volunteer observers for the citizen's network of precipitation observers into the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow Network (CoCoRaHS) in North Dakota: Recruited 16volunteer weather observers to measure and report local precipitation data daily during the reporting period . We trained these observers twice during the season; once for the summer and the second time for the winter precipitation measurements. The observations coming from these new observers along with the existing ones closed large data gaps in rural North Dakota. We used the data to better assess the drought intensity in the state. · We utilized a communication channel called CMOR (Condition Monitoring Observer Reports) between the North Dakota State University (NDSU) Extension County Agents and the Drought Monitor authorto report local drought impact and submit drought pictures weekly so we could assess the severity of the drought throughout the growing season. Climate data stewardship and data sharing: We continued to utilize the online Datzilla system to report and track errors in NOAA datasets for North Dakota and data products which is an important part of ensuring their accuracy and fidelity. We analyzed and summarized North Dakota's climate data in monthly, quarterly, and annual climate summaries (see list of publications in the products section). We published 12 monthly summaries (one for each month), seasonal climate bulletins (one for each season), and one annual summary. We communicated drought information weekly with the state officials through the North Dakota Drought Task Force comprised of the North Dakota state climatologist, NDSU Extension, ND Department of Agriculture, ND Department of Emergency Services, the governor's office, ND Farm Service Agency, ND Forest Service, ND Water resources, and the legislative delegations. The state officials used the information to delegate necessary resources where needed and activated relief programs to help farmers impacted by the drought. Conduct outreach and public education in North Dakota on climate variability, products, and data. We communicated drought and climate information in workshops and farm meetings such as user engagement workshops, ND Farmers Union annual meeting, tribal water alliance climate adoption workshop, international legislator's forum, spring wheat show, and drought planning workshop.

    Publications

    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Kandel H., M. Rahman, A. Aky�z, B. Hanson, L. Henry, J. Faul, E. Ericsmoen, A. Kraklau, J. Hansen, G. Pradhan, C. Wahlstrom, J. Jacobs, A. Turnquist, T. Tjelde. North Dakota Canola Hybrid Trial Results for 2021 and Selection Guide. 2021. NDSU Extension Services/ ND Ag Experiment Station. A1124-21. November 2021.
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Kandel H., N. Bandillo, A. Aky�z, B. Schatz, M. Ostlie, S. Zwinger, S. Schaubert, J. Rickertsen, M. Wells, B. Hanson, L. Henry, J. Faul, J. Bergman, C. Wahlstrom, G. Pradhan, T. Tjelde, J. Jacobs, A. Turnquist, H. Worral, S. Forster, G. Martin. North Dakota Dry Pea Variety Trial Results for 2021 and Selection Guide. 2021. NDSU Extension Publication # A1469-21. November 2021.
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. October 2021. V15, No:10. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2021/oct21.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. November 2021. V15, No:11. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2021/nov21.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. December 2021. V15, No:12. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2021/dec21.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2022. North Dakota Annual Climate Summary of 2021. V15, No:13. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2021/2021.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2022. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. January 2022. V16, No:1. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2022/jan22.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2022. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. February 2022. V16, No:2. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2022/feb22.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2022. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. March 2022. V16, No:3. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2022/mar22.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2022. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. April 2022. V16, No:4. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2022/apr22.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2022. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. May 2022. V16, No:5. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2022/may22.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2022. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. June 2022. V16, No:6. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2022/jun22.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Submitted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2022. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. July 2022. V16, No:7. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2022/jul22.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2022. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. August 2022. V16, No:8. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2022/aug22.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2022. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. September 2022. V16, No:9. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2022/sep22.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Quarterly Climate Bulletin. Autumn 2021. Vol 15, No 4. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/bulletin/fall21.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2022. North Dakota Quarterly Climate Bulletin. Winter 2021-22. Vol 16, No:1. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/bulletin/winter22.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2022. North Dakota Quarterly Climate Bulletin. Spring 2022. Vol 16, No:2. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/bulletin/spring22.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2022. North Dakota Quarterly Climate Bulletin. Summer 2022. Vol 16, No:3. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/bulletin/summer22.pdf
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Submitted Year Published: 2022 Citation: Subhashree, S.N., Igathinathane, C., Akyuz, A., Borhan Md., Hendrickson, J., Archer D., Liebig M., Toledo D., Sedevic K., Kronberg S., and Halvorson J., 2022. Tools for Predicting Forage Growth in Rangeland and Economic Analysis  A Systematic Review. Journal of Biomass and Bioenergy (Submitted).


    Progress 10/01/20 to 09/30/21

    Outputs
    Target Audience:Local media, state government, public. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Through press release: local television, radio, and newspaper outlets to reach out to as many N.D. citizens as we could reach out to. Through presentations with drought information, and outlook at farm shows, workshops, and ag meetings. Web publications of climate summaries and bulletins. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue working towards the goals of this project.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? 1. Develop, enhance, and evaluate innovative observational technologies through a regional collaboration of observational networks and partnerships to develop new data and products to improve drought and flood risk assessments: · Recruited 23 volunteer weather observers to measure and report local precipitation data daily during the recruiting drive called "CoCoRaHS March Madness" which was the second-highest number of recruits per capita in the Nation in 2021. We trained these observers twice during the season; once for the summer and the second time for the winter precipitation measurements. · The observations coming from these new observers along with the existing ones closed large data gaps in rural North Dakota. We used to data to better assess the drought intensity in the state. · We created a communication channel between the North Dakota State University (NDSU) Extension County Agents and the Drought Monitor author. The County Agents used CMOR (Condition Monitoring Observer Reports) interface to report local drought impact and submit drought pictures weekly so we could assess the severity of the drought throughout the 2021 growing season. 2. Climate data stewardship and data sharing: · We continued to utilize the online Datzilla system to report and track errors in NOAA datasets for North Dakota and data products and is an important part of ensuring their accuracy and fidelity. · We analyzed and summarized North Dakota's climate data in monthly, quarterly, and annual climate summaries (see list of publications in the products section). We published 12 monthly summaries (one for each month), seasonal climate bulletins (one for each season), and one annual summary. · We communicated drought information weekly with the state officials through the North Dakota Drought Task Force comprised of the North Dakota state climatologist, NDSU Extension, ND Department of Agriculture, ND Department of Emergency Services, the governor's office, ND Farm Service Agency, ND Forest Service, ND Water resources, and the legislative delegations. The state officials used the information to delegate necessary resources where needed and activated relief programs to help farmers impacted by the drought. 3. Conduct outreach and public education in North Dakota on climate variability, products, and data. · We communicated drought and climate information in workshops and farm meetings such as user engagement workshop, ND Farmers Union annual meeting, tribal water alliance climate adoption workshop, international legislator's forum, spring wheat show, drought planning workshop.

    Publications

    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2020. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. October 2020. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2020/oct20.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2020. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. November 2020. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2020/nov20.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2020. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. December 2020. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2020/dec20.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. January 2021. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2021/jan21.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. February 2021. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2021/feb21.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. March 2021. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2021/mar21.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. April 2021. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2021/apr21.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. May 2021. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2021/may21.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. June 2021. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2021/jun21.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. July 2021. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2021/jul21.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. August 2021. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2021/aug21.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2020. North Dakota Quarterly Climate Bulletin. Autumn 2020. Vol 14, No 4. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/bulletin/fall20.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Submitted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Quarterly Climate Bulletin. Winter 2021. Vol 15, No 1. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/bulletin/winter21.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Quarterly Climate Bulletin. Spring 2021. Vol 15, No 2. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/bulletin/spring21.pdf
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Quarterly Climate Bulletin. Summer 2021. Vol 15, No 3. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/bulletin/summer21.pdf
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hoell A., B. Parker, M. Downey, N. Umphlett, K. Jensco, F. A. Akyuz, D. Peck, T. Hadwen, B. Fuchs, D. Kluck, L. Edwards, J. Perlwitz, J. Eischeid, V. Deheza, R. Pulwarty, K. Bevington, J. Rattling Leaf, and D. Longknife. 2020: Flash Drought: Lessons Learned from the 2017 Drought Across the U.S. Northern Great Plains and Canadian Prairies. Bull. Amer. Meteorological Society. https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/aop/bamsD190272/bamsD190272.xml.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Kelly Helm Smith; Andrew J. Tyre; Zhenghong Tang; Michael J. Hayes; F. Adnan Akyuz. 2020: "Calibrating human attention as indicator: Monitoring #drought in the Twittersphere". Bull. Amer. Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0342.1.
    • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Akyuz, F. A., G. Hokanson, T. L. Akyuz. 2020: Tie-Breaking Methodology for the Assessment of Science Olympiad Events. Journal of Applied and Service Climatology. Volume 2020, No. 1, 9 Jan 2020: www.doi.org/10.46275/JOASC.2020.01.001.
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Monthly Climate Summary. September 2021. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2021/sep21.pdf
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Kandel H., M. Rahman, A. Aky�z, M. Ostlie, B. Schatz, B. Hanson, T. Hakanson, L. Henry, J. Bergman, G. Pradhan, M. Miller, J. Jacobs, T. Tjelde, J. Rickertsen, M. Wells. North Dakota Canola Variety Trial Results for 2020 and Selection Guide. 2020. NDSU Extension Services/ ND Ag Experiment Station. A1124-20. November 2020. https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/crops/north-dakota-canola-variety-trial-results-for-2020-and-selection-guide
    • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: 4. Kandel H, N. Bandillo, A. Aky�z, B. Schatz, M. Ostlie, S. Zwinger, S. Schaubert, J. Rickertsen, M. Wells, B. Hanson, T. Hakanson, L Henry, J. Bergman, M. Miller, G. Pradhan, H. Worral, T. Stefaniak, S. Forster, G. Martin. North Dakota Dry Pea Variety Trial Results for 2020 and Selection Guide. 2020. NDSU Extension Publication # A1469-20. November 2020. https://www.ag.ndsu.edu/publications/crops/north-dakota-dry-pea-variety-trial-results-for-2020-and-selection-guide
    • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Akyuz, F. A. 2021. North Dakota Annual Climate Summary of 2020. https://www.ndsu.edu/fileadmin/ndsco/ndsco/summary/2020/2020.pdf