Progress 06/01/24 to 05/31/25
Outputs
Target Audience:This project's target audience is farmers, extension service professionals, agricultural scientists, faculty, students, and people interested in growing turmeric. Several framers and students were given tours of the turmeric experiments in the high tunnel and open field. One paper was published during the current reporting period and served as an information dissemination tool for professionals and students. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two MS students graduated with training in agronomy using turmeric production. One Ph.D. student received a Ph.D> degree in Agronomy with part of his research on the turmeric crop. Several farmers learned how to grow the crop and market it. Three high curcumin turmeric varieties were made available to several farmers. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Through a workshop, field tours, and publications. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The project is being wrapped up as it ends on May 31, 2025.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The project goal of providing small- and medium-farm owners turmeric varieties that combine high yield and high cumin levels to diversify and market turmeric to fresh and medicinal product markets has been accomplished and reported in past reports. The project was extended to 2024 to achieve a part of objective 2, the physiological evaluation of turmeric's response to drought stress. This has been achieved and published in a peer-reviewed journal, the Journal of Medicinally Active Plants. One student graduated with an MS in Biology from one of the co-PI's institutions, the California Southern University, Northridge, CA. A part of Objective 3, determining the cost of producing turmeric in the open fields and high tunnels, is in progress and will be completed before the project ends in May 2025.
Publications
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Progress 06/01/23 to 05/31/24
Outputs
Target Audience:This project's target audience is farmers, extension service professionals, agricultural scientists, faculty, students, and people interested in growing turmeric. Several framers and students were given tours of the turmeric experiments in the high tunnel and open field. Three farmers who participated in on-farm trials also gave tours to local farmers. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One graduate student was trained in the drought physiology of turmeric by the project co-PI at California State University Northridge, a minority-serving institution. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?One peer-reviewed journal article has been published with practical information on turmeric markets, consumer preference, and willingness to pay. Another article on the drought physiology of turmeric crophas been submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. The manuscrip[t is in review. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Complete Objective 2: morpho-physiological and biochemical changes in turmeric crop subjected to drought stress; and complete production economics, cost: benefit ratios, and gross to net for open field vs high tunnel grown turmeric.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
This project is in progress, with most of the project objectives achieved. It has been extended by another year to complete the genetic part of Objective 2 and the production economics under Objective 3. Most of the accomplishments were detailed in the 2022-2023 project reports.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Srinivasa Rao Mentreddy, Lam Duong, Trang Pham, Sravan Kumar, Suresh Kumar, Charles L. Cantrell, and Mei Wang. 2023. Variation in Growth, Yield, and Curcumin Content of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) Genotypes Grown in North Alabama. Accepted for oral presentation at the 2023 Annual Conference of the American Society for Horticultural Sciences, July 31 Aug 5, 2023, Orlando, FL.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Ly Nguyen, Ramu Govindasamy and Srinivasa Rao Mentreddy. 2024. Turmeric Trends: Analyzing Consumer Preferences and Willingness to Pay. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Bhiolina Bharadwaj, Sravan Kumar Sanathanam, Trang Pham, Charles L. Cantrell, Mei Wang, Joseph Lee, Srinivasa Rao Mentreddy, and Chhandak Basu. 2024. Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Under Drought Stress. Submitted to Plant Biosystems.In Review
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Srinivasa Rao Mentreddy, Trang Pham, Cuong Nguyen, Sravan Kumar Sanathanam, Suresh Kumar, Lam Duong, Charles L. Cantrell, And Mei Wang. Ambika Poudel, William N. Setzer, Prabodh Satyal. 2023. Turmeric (Curcuma Spp.): A Potential Industrial Crop For North Alabama. Invited Plenary Session Keynote. Awarded Best Oral Presentation in the Professional Category.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
7. Trang Pham, Sravan Sanathanam, Srinivasa Mentreddy, Charles Cantrell, and Mei Wang. 2024. Evaluation of Turmeric (Curcuma Longa) Varieties in High Tunnel vs. Open Field. NAPA 4th Biennial Scientific Conference, May 24-26, 2024, Baltimore, MD.
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Progress 06/01/22 to 05/31/23
Outputs
Target Audience:This project's target audience is farmers, extension service professionals, agricultural scientists, faculty, students, and people interested in growing turmeric. All partnering members of the project continue to communicate via phone and e-mail. One extension service professional and several farmers were contacted via phone to determine their interest levels in participating in on-farm trials in Summer 2022. Six farmers with high tunnel facilities on their farms have agreed to participate in the on-farm trials beginning in late May 2022. The PI and the field technician visited the six farms and gave themgreenhouse-grown plants to plant in replicated field plots in the high tunnel and open field. Out of the six farmers, three farmers completed the on-farm demonstration trials. Changes/Problems:Getting on-farm data on production costs, turmeric yields, and sales remains challenging. We hope to get a no-cost extension to achieve this part of the project objectives during 2023 and 2024.3-24. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate students graduated with an MS in Plant and Soil Sciences, and one student graduated with a Ph.D. in Plant and Soil Science based on a research thesis and dissertation, respectively on this project research. The graduate students are gainfully employed. One MS graduate student is being trained. Several farmers were trained in the harvesting of turmeric. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Besides journal paper publications and presentations at conferences and workshops, a workshop was conducted at the Alabama A&M University Agricultural Research Station, which about 80 people attended. Farmers and students attending the workshop received a resource manual composed of literature and useful tips about turmeric production and marketing. A manuscript based on consumer survey findings has been submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?As part of Objective 3, production costs for turmeric in various scenarios will be developed. Research on abiotic stresses on crop growth, development, yield, and curcumin content will be completed. All experiments will be harvested, and curcumin content will be determined to assess treatment effects.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: A replicated field trial was conducted to compare the growth, yield, and curcumin content of three turmeric varieties grown in the high tunnel and open field. The plants in the high tunnel were taller with greater vigor than those in the open field plots. The plants in the high tunnel remained green and continued to grow for a month following three consecutive hard frosts, whereas the plants in the open field died when exposed to the first hard freeze. Cold, wet conditions resulted in the loss of rhizomes due to rotting, whereas the rhizomes in the high tunnel were healthy, firm, and bigger. Harvesting is in progress. The three selected varieties, CL11, VN 39, and VN 50, were established in replicated plots in the high tunnel and open field at three farms in Alabama. The crop growth and performance were similar to what was observed at the Alabama A&M University research station. The farmers will be harvesting the crops soon. Objective 2. The plants of the three varieties were shipped to project collaborator Dr. Basu at California State University to assess their response to drought, heat, and flooding stresses controlled environment chamber. Drought stress had significant effects on turmeric plant growth and yield. While growth and yield were suppressed, the curcumin content of the rhizomes in drought stress treatment doubled over that in Control Stress-free treatment. Objective 3. A survey to assess marketpotential and consumer preference was conducted by using the paid services of a private data research company. One thousand and five adult consumers of turmeric were surveyed. The results of the survey are now being analyzed. The survey results were analyzed and presented to the framers, extension service professionals, students, and faculty at the Turmeric Workshop held on Jan 28, 2023, at the Alabama A&M University Agricultural Research Station. A manuscript entitledConsumer Preferences and Willingness to Pay for Turmeric Rhizomes and Curcuminbased on the survey findings has been submitted to the Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. Objective 4. A workshop was conducted at the Alabama A&M University Agricultural Research Station, which about 80 people attended. The audience comprised mainly farmers and students. At this workshop, the farmers and students were educated on the importance of turmeric, production practices, harvesting, and post-harvest processing. Three turmeric business owners provided insights into product development, branding, markets, and marketing strategies. The workshop enabled the farmers and buyers could network and forge business relationships.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Duong Lam, Srinivasa Rao Mentreddy, Rakesh Satyal, Prabodh Satyal, and William N. Setzer. 2022. Essential Oil Chemotypes of Four Vietnamese Curcuma Species Cultivated in North Alabama. Horticulturae 8, 360:1-18. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8050360
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Srinivasa Rao Mentreddy, Lam Duong, Trang Pham, Suresh Kumar, William Setzer, Mei Wang, Charles Cantrell, Suresh T. Mathews, and Dattatreya Gajula. 2022. Ethnobotany and Production of Three High-value Medicinally Active Herbs, Basil, Turmeric, and Mountain mint in North Alabama. 11th Annual Conference of the American Council for Medicinally Active Plants, June 29-July 1, 2022. Puerto Rico.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Mentreddy, S.R., T. Pham, C. Nguyen, S.K. Sanathanam, L. Duong, Charles L. Cantrell, and Mei Wang. A. Poudel, W. N. Setzer, Prabodh Satyal. 2023. Turmeric (Curcuma spp.): A Potential Industrial Crop for North Alabama. Presented at the Association for the Advancement of Industrial Crops 2023 Annual Conference, August 27-Sep 1, 2023, Corvallis, OR.
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Progress 06/01/21 to 05/31/22
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this project is mainly farmers and extension service professionals, agricultural scientists, faculty, students, and people interested in growing turmeric. All partnering members of the project continue to communicate via phone and e-mail. One extension service professional and several farmers were contacted via phone to determine their interest levels in participating in on-farm trials in Summer 2022. Six farmers with high tunnel facilities on their farms have agreed to participate in the on-farm trials beginning in late May 2022. Changes/Problems:Much research could not be conducted in 2020 and to some extent in 2021 due to COVID. The research described under the four objectives will be completed by June 2023. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project enabled the training of four graduate students and one undergraduate students. Two graduate student graduated with MS degree in Plant and Soil Sciences based on research in this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Yes, the results were presented at a turmeric research workshop that was attended by several farmers, extension service providers, scientists, students, and community members curious to know about turmeric and its benefits. Two more journal articles are being written. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?In summer, 2022, three high curcumin [roducing varieties will be compared for growth, yield, and curcumin content in-farm trialson six farms across Alabama Objective 2 research that could not be completed due to COVID-related shutdowns and subsequent restrictions on laboratory usage in 2021 will be conducted in 2022. A survey of 1100 participants will be conducted through the services of a professional company to elicit information on the markets for fresh and dry turmeric, production, and limitations to increasing acreage in the USA. A workshop on turmeric production and marketing strategies will be held in August 2022 as part of project objective 4.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1. Three season extension methods that can potentially promote early sprouting of turmeric rhizomes and thus extend the crop growing season through an early start. Three turmeric varieties, CL11, VN39, and VN50, were treated with i) HW at room temperature (HWCo), 35°C (HW35), 45°C (HW45), and 55°C (HW55) for 30 min; ii) HP at 24°C (HP24), 29°C (HP29), and 35°C (HP35); and iii) exposure to APP for the 90 seconds, and untreated (HPCo) and then planted in trays containing potting mix and placed in the greenhouse. The rhizomes in the HP29 treatment sprouted earlier than in other treatments. HP-treated plants were 12 and 19% taller than those treated with APP and HW, respectively. All the rhizomes of VN 50 were killed in the HW55 treatment. CL11 rhizomes had 100% sprouting in the HP24, APP, and HWCo earlier than other varieties. Exposure to APP enabled early sprouting than control. Hence, using heat pads at 24°C or 29°C or APP or HW at 45°C offers the potential for extending the crop growing season for turmeric crops by enabling early sprouting. The yields of the three turmeric varieties will be analyzed after harvest at the end of January 2022. In a separate experiment, the three turmeric varieties were planted in single-row plots in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the high tunnel and open field to compare their growth and yield. The plants in the high tunnel were taller, survived frosts, and stayed green for three weeks longer than the plants in the open field. However, the plants in the high tunnel produced fewer (3-4) shoots compared to 8-10 shoots/plant in the open field. The rhizomes from the high tunnel-grown plants were better looking, longer, and plumper than those from the open field. The experiments were harvested in late January. The high tunnel extended the growing season of turmeric by 26 days before cold wind draftdamaged the plant's above-ground parts. The high tunnel grown plants were taller and produced 58 to 82% more yield than the open-field grown plants. Plants grown in the high tunnel had fewer shoots and fewer rhizomes per plant than those in the open field. The rhizomes of the high tunnel-grown plants were bigger, which resulted in heavier than those in the open field.The fresh turmeric yields of the high tunnel-grown CL11, VN39, and VN50 were 16.0, 10.9, and 10.9 MT/ha, respectively, compared to 8.7, 6.9, and 6.2 MT/ha in the open field. The study indicated that high tunnel production might extend the growing season of turmeric.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Setzer, W.N.; Duong, L.; Poudel, A.; Mentreddy, S.R. Variation in the Chemical Composition of Five Varieties of Curcuma longa Rhizome Essential Oils Cultivated in North Alabama. Foods 2021, 10, 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10020212.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Srinivasa Rao Mentreddy, Lam Duong, and William Setzer. 2021. Variation in the essential oil composition of turmeric varieties grown in North Alabama, USA. Annual Conference of Food Chemistry and Technology, Nov 8-10, 2021, Paris, France.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Ramu Govindasamy, Alexandra Kelly, Jackie Greenfield, Mentreddy Rao, Lam Duong, Dennis Shannon, and Tia Gonzales. 2021. Marketing Fresh Turmeric in the United States: A Producer Perspective. The 10th Annual Conference of ACMAP, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ., June 27-27, 2021
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Trang Pham and S. R. Mentreddy, L. Duong, K. Scott, D. Price, and S. Kumar. 2022. Evaluation of atmospheric pressure plasma, hot water, and heat pad treatments for improving sprouting and plant growth of turmeric (Curcuma longa). Association of Research Directors Biennial Symposium 2022. April 2-5, 2022. Atlanta, GA.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Mentreddy, S.R. 2022. An overview of turmeric research at Alabama A&M University. Turmeric Research Workshop. January 27-29, 2022. Fort Valley State University, GA
- Type:
Other
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Duong, L., and Mentreddy, S.R. 2022. An evaluation of Vietnamese turmeric. Turmeric Research Workshop. January 27-29, 2022. Fort Valley State University, GA
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Progress 06/01/20 to 05/31/21
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this project is mainly farmers and extension service professionals; agricultural scientists, faculty, students, and people interested in growing turmeric. Due to the COVID-19 related shutdown, The target audience could not be contacted. All partnering members of the project had two meetings via zoom and continue to communicate via phone and e-mails. A zoom meeting with a few farmers and extension service professionals is planned for August 2021. Changes/Problems:There have been no major changes. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Two graduate and two undergraduate students are being trained in this project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?One paper on the main concept of this project- the use of low-temperature plasma for forcing early sprouting and thus extending the season for turmeric will be presented at a professional meeting in June 2021. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?All of the activities described under each of the four objectives will be carried out in 2021. While all the experiments detailed under objectives 1 and 2 will be carried out at AAMU, AU, and California Southern University Northridge, data collection to accomplish Objective 3 will be ongoing through years 2 & 3 of the project. Objective 4 related activity will include a selection of farmers for the on-farm trials and preparing the selected farmersfor the trials. :
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1: Due to COVID-19 related university shut down for the most part of the year 2020 and restricted access to labs and greenhouses from September 20, has severely restricted our ability to conduct the research described under this Objective at Alabama A&M University (AAMU). However, limited access to the agricultural research station has enabled preliminary trials for optimizing low-temperature plasma conditions. Fresh turmeric rhizomes for planting the trial in 2021 are now available. The Co-PI at Auburn University conducted a replicated trial to compare teh growth and yield of four turmeric varieties in the high tunnel against an open field. the experiments have been harvested in early January and the raw data shows that crops grown in the high tunnel have out-yielded the open field-grown crop by about 2 ton/acre. The rhizomes are being prepared for curcuminoid determination.
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Srinivasa Rao Mentreddy, Lam Duong, Ryan Gott., and G. Xu. 2021. Low-temperature atmospheric plasma: A potential tool for promoting sprouting of turmeric rhizomes and plant growth. The 10th Annual Conference of ACMAP, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ., June 27-27, 2021 (Abstract accepted)
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