Progress 06/01/22 to 05/31/23
Outputs
Target Audience:The project's specific target audience comprises the food industry, which includes the food processing sector, associated commodity groups, as well as academia, encompassing students, scientists, and faculty. These groups have gained and will continue to gain benefits from the project's activities, primarily through an improved understanding of relevant food safety methodsand technologies used to assess food contamination, both in processing facilities and along the entire food supply chain. Additionally, students, scientists, and faculty have benefited from the opportunity to engage in research related to the detection of food contaminants, particularly foodborne pathogens, resulting in the generation of new knowledge. The dissemination of this newfound knowledge through scientific publications, as indicated below, has been beneficial tostakeholders, including food processors and the broader scientific community. The sharing of this knowledge via peer-reviewed manuscripts and conference presentations, as listed below, has made this new knowledge accessible and useful to the project's target audience. Changes/Problems: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the closure of research laboratories, where most of this project work occurs. It resulted in delays in recruiting graduate students and hindered our capacity to conduct proof-of-concept and validation tests. Even after the reopening of labs, activity remained reduced due to the ongoing pandemic. Consequently, this has had a notable impact on our progress and for these reasons, we have requested a one-year no cost extension. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?As part of this project, we engaged in mentoring activities encompassing post-doctoral researchers, graduate students, undergraduate students, and visiting scholars. We provided training to post-doctoral, graduate, and undergraduate students in various aspects of the project. This training encompassed the adoption of novel techniques for the creation, functionalization, characterization, and electrochemical analysesof graphene-based sensor platforms. Furthermore, students received instruction in innovative approaches related to the development of laser-induced graphene biosensors and the functionalization of antibodies, aptamers, and ion-selective membranes for rapiddetection of foodborne pathogens and other contaminants relevant to food safety. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of this project have been shared through several channels, including peer-reviewed publications, news release from Iowa State University communication, the PI's website, and presentations delivered at national and international conferences. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Our commitment to achieving the project's objectives involves ongoing efforts, including conducting experiments, analyzing data, and sharing the results. We intend to disseminate the results through various channels, such as peer-reviewed publications, the PI's website, press releases, and presentations at national and international conferences.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Impact: We have developed a test-strip biosensor that providesthe following advantages: it offers rapid detection (approximately 20 minutes), is cost-effective (requiring less than $3of materials to fabricate), and does notrequire bacterial enrichmentbefore foodborne pathogen detection, such as Salmonella. This technology enables the sensitive and selective detection of Salmonella species within 20 minutes, a significant improvement compared to the current 24-48 hour timeframe. We have successfully achieved one of our project milestones, which involved detecting Salmonella (from a 25 mL sample) within 20 minutes, with a detection limit of 5 bacteria per milliliter.Additionally, we developed a testing tube system consisting of tube system with a LIG chip with a three-electrode set-up (working, counter, and reference electrode) attached to the tube cap for swab sample testing that can potentially be used for the collection of swab samples and detection ofSalmonellain processing plants. The testing tube systemis capable of holding 25-mL swab sample with buffer. The economic implications of such technology are substantial, given that Salmonella infections alone are responsible for causing approx.1.6 million foodborne illnesses annually in the United States, making it the primary cause of foodborne illnesses. Activities: The third year of thisproject focused on developing and improving low-cost, high-yield graphene electrodes for electrochemical monitoring of Salmonella and other potential food contaminants (i.e., nitrite). Laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes were also found to be functional. We also explore a two-step method to create laser-induced graphene electrodes conjugated with nickel oxide nanoparticles (LIG-NiO). Metal and metal oxides nanoparticles are commonly used to improve the electrical, catalytic and biofunctionalization properties of electrode surfaces improving the performance of subsequent biosensors. Fabrication of the LIG-NiO electrodes is performed via direct writing under ambient conditions using polyimide and nickel acetate solution as substrates. All electrodes were then converted into a label-free sensor to detectSalmonella Typhimurium by functionalizing the working surface with an anti-Salmonella antibody. Due to the batch-to-batch inconsistency of laser-induced graphene, we pivoted to a modified two-step fabrication process to produced LIG with NiO nanoparticles that demonstrated the required reproducibility and resulted in successful Salmonella spp. detection in the presence of interferent and in a real-food matrix, chicken broth.For the testing cartridge, we first designed a triple LIG electrode to be inserted in a tube cap of a polypropylene tube (50 mL), then connected the triple LIG electrode in a connector linked to a portable potentiostat.We utilize a cable connector for screen-printed electrodes (Metrohm DropSens, Spain) and a portable PalmSens4 potentiostat (PalmSens, Utrecht, Netherlands). Metallic tape was incorporated into the bonding pad area of all three LIG electrodes for electrical contact. It is important to emphasize that the primary goals of both Objective 1 and Objective 2 within the project are focused on the development of high-throughput approaches for producing electrochemical graphene biosensors and testing cartridge. These approaches eliminate the need for low-throughput and costly chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes to synthesize graphene and its associated circuits. As a result, we have created new methods to fabricate laser-induced graphene electrodes for electrochemical biosensors and testing cartridges. Importantly, these electrodes have been modified with antibodies, aptamers, or ion-selective membranes to rapidly validate their electrocatalytic properties. Change in Knowledge: Change in knowledge is demonstrated by the peer-reviewed publications. Below are a few relevant to this project. Please note that results from 2022 have been reported in the annual progress report 2021. We also explore a two-step method to create laser-induced graphene electrodes conjugated with nickel oxide nanoparticles (LIG-NiO). Metal and metal oxides nanoparticles are commonly used to improve the electrical, catalytic, and biofunctionalization properties of electrode surfaces, consequently improving the performance of subsequent biosensors. The resulting electrochemical LIG-NiO (laser-induced graphene decorated with nickel oxide nanoparticles) immunosensor exhibit a limit of detection of 13 ± 2 CFU/10 mL (mean ± standard deviation, n = 3) and response time (17 min) with a wide Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium linear sensing range, from 101 to 105 CFU/mL in chicken broth, covering relevant concentration levels for food safety analysis. Additionally, the presence of interferent bacteria, E. coli spp., or other food components found in chicken broth did not significantly influence the immunosensor sensitivity. The resulting immunosensor is capable of selectively sensing Salmonella Typhimurium at concentrations as low as 13 CFU/10 mL in real food (i.e., chicken broth) and when distinct Gram-negative bacteria. Characterization of the LIG-NiO showed the presence of 3D porous graphene and nickel oxide nanoparticle structures with high electrical conductivity and electroactive surface area (ESA = 0.22 ± 0.01 cm2, 3-fold larger than the working electrode geometric area) that were conducive to electrochemical sensing. Building on these results, LIG-NiO electrodes were functionalized with polyclonal anti-Salmonella antibody via carbodiimide crosslinking chemistry. Denatured BSA dropcasting and carbodiimide crosslinking chemistry via EDC/NHS biofunctionalization with superblock as blocking agent resulted in improved resistance to non-specific binding as well as sensor reactivity to Salmonella. This work was presented at Pittcon Conference & Expo 2023, Philadelphia, PA, in March 2023. Nitrite is an important food additive for cured meats; however, high nitrite levels pose adverse health effects to humans. Hence, monitoring nitrite concentration is critical to comply with limits imposed by regulatory agencies. We expand upon initial LIG studies by fabricating hydrophilic and hydrophobic LIG that are subsequently converted into ion-selective sensors to monitor nitrite in food samples with comparable performance to the standard method (Griess method). The hydrophobic LIG resulted in an ion-selective electrode with improved potential stability due partly to a decrease in the water layer between the electrode and the nitrite poly(vinyl) chloride-based ion-selective membrane. These resultant nitrite ion-selective sensors displayed Nernstian response behavior with a sensitivity of 59.5 mV dec-1, a detection limit of 0.3 ± 0.1 mg L-1 (mean ± standard deviation), and a broad linear sensing range from 10-5 to 10-1 M, which was significantly larger than currently published nitrite methods. Nitrite levels were determined directly in food extract samples of sausage, ham, and bacon for 5 min. These sensor metrics are significant as regulatory agencies limit nitrite levels up to 200 mg L-1 in finished products to reduce the potential formation of nitrosamine (carcinogenic compound). These results demonstrate the versatility of LIG as a platform for ion-selective-LIG sensors and simple, efficient, and scalable electrochemical sensing in general while demonstrating a promising alternative to monitor nitrite levels in food products ensuring regulatory compliance. This work was published in the journal of Microchimica Acta (impact factor: 5.7). Key Outcomes: Please note other outcomes have been reported in the 2021 annual progress report. 1. Developed ion-selective electrodes based on laser-induced graphene as an alternative method to monitor nitrite levels in cured meats. 2. Developed carbon dots using a household cleaning liquid as a dopant for iron detection in hydroponic systems.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Soares, R. R. A., Hjort, R. G., Pola, C. C., Jing, D., Secon, V., Claussen, J. C., �Gomes, C. L. 2023. Ion-selective electrodes based on laser-induced graphene as alternative method to monitor nitrite levels in cured meats. Microchimica Acta. 190, 43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-022-05615-9
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Hjort, R. G., Pola, C. C., Casso-Hartmann, L., Vanegas, D. C., McLamore, E., Gomes, C. L. 2023. Carbon dots using a household cleaning liquid as a dopant for iron detection in hydroponic systems. RSC Advances. 13, 17244. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra01713c
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Oliveira, D. A., Pola, C. C., Soares, R. R. A., Hjort, R., Claussen, J. C., McLamore, E. S., Gomes, C. L. 2023. Rapid and label-free bacterial pathogen detection based on graphene and stimuli-responsive nanobrushes for in-field water quality monitoring. American Chemical Society, ACS National Meeting and Expo Fall 2023, San Francisco, CA, August.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Hjort, R., Soares, R. R.A., Miliao, G. L., Pola, C. C., Almeida, C. J., Claussen, J. C., Gomes, C. L. 2023. Future of biological sensing for food, agricultural, and environmental applications: opportunities and challenges. Institute of Biological Engineering annual meeting. Ames, IA, April.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Soares, R. R. A., Pola, C. C., Mili�o, G. L., Claussen, J. C., Gomes, C. L. 2023. Potassium monitoring in hydroponics using solid-state ion-selective electrodes based on laser-induced graphene. Institute of Biological Engineering annual meeting. Ames, IA, April.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Pola, C. C., Rangnekar, S. V., Szydlowska, B. M., Sheets, R. L., Hersam, M. C., Claussen, J. C., Gomes, C. L. 2023. Electrochemical detection of viruses using printed graphene-based immunosensors. Institute of Biological Engineering annual meeting. Ames, IA, April
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Almeida de Jesus, A., Soares, R. R. A, Pola, C. C., Johnson, Z. T., Claussen, J. C., Fontan, R. C., Gomes, C. L. 2023. Laser-induced graphene with a cryogel biosensing platform for rapid electrochemical detection of organophosphate pesticides in food samples. Institute of Biological Engineering annual meeting. Ames, IA, April.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Oliveira, D. A., Soares, R. S., Pola, C. C., Hjort, R. G., Claussen, J. C., Gomes, C. L. 2023. Electrochemical sensors based on laser induced graphene for food safety monitoring Pittcon Conference & Expo 2023, Philadelphia, PA, March.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Pola, C. C., Rangnekar, S. V., Sheets, R. L., Szydlowska, B. M., Hersam, M. C., Claussen, J. C., Gomes, C. L. 2022. Graphene-based sensing devices for electrochemical detection of pathogenic viruses. GRC in Nanoscale Science and Engineering for Agriculture and Food Systems, Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester, NE, June
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Soares, R. R. A., Hjort, R. G., Pola, C. C., Jing, D., Claussen, J. C., Gomes, C. L. 2022. Ion-selective electrodes based on laser-induced graphene as an alternative method to monitor nitrite levels in cured meat. GRC in Nanoscale Science and Engineering for Agriculture and Food Systems, Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester, NE, June.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Oliveira, D. A., Pola, C. C., Johnson, Z. T., Li, J., Smith, E. A., McLamore, E. S., Vanegas, D. G., Claussen, J. C., Gomes, C. L. 2022. AFRI-2020-67021-31375: Rapid in-field monitoring of Salmonella species for food safety using disposable laser-induced graphene biosensors. GRC in Nanoscale Science and Engineering for Agriculture and Food Systems, Southern New Hampshire University, Manchester, NE, June
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Progress 06/01/21 to 05/31/22
Outputs
Target Audience:Project's specific target audience include the food industry, including food processing industry, related commodity groups, and academia (students, scientists, and faculty). They have/ will benefit(ed) from project's activities by way of enhanced knowledge in corresponding food safety methods and technologies for assessing food contamination in a processing plant and throughout the farm to table continuum; students, scientists, and faculty have benefitted by the opportunity to do research in food contaminant detection, specifically foodborne pathogens detection, and create new knowledge. Scientific publication, listed below, sharing the new knowledge has benefitted the stakeholders including processors and scientific community alike. Peer-review manuscript publications and conference presentations (listed below) made new knowledge created useful for the target audience. Changes/Problems:The COVID-19 pandemicforced the closure of research labs where much of this work takes place, caused delayin graduate student'srecruitment, and impacted the ability to carry out proof-of-concept and validation tests. Even once labs reopened, activity decreased due to the pandemic. This has affected progress. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Mentoring of post-doctoral,graduate and undergraduate students and visiting scholars were conducted as part of this project. Post-doctoral, graduate andundergraduate students were trained on new methodologies for fabricating, functionalizing, characterizing, andelectrochemically testing graphene-based sensors. Additionally, studentswere trained on new methodsfor laser-induced graphene biosensor development and antibody functionalization for real-time detection of fooborne pathogens and other contaminants relevant to food safety. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated throughout peer-review publications, PI's website, and presentations at international conferences. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We plan to continue working toward the project goals by conducting experiments, interpreting the data and disseminating theresults throughout peer-reviewed publications, PI's website, and presentations at international conferences.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Impact: We have created a test-strip biosensor capable of rapid (~ 20 min), low-cost (less than $3 of materials), no bacteria growth requirement prior to detection of foodborne pathogens, Salmonella. The ability to avoid bacteria growth prior to detection, while still sensitively and selectively detecting Salmonella species within 20 min compared to the current 24-48 h. We were able to reach one of our project milestone of detection of Salmonella (25 mL sample) in 20 min with a limit of detection of 5 bacteria per milliliter. The economic benefits of such technology are considered tremendous as Salmonella infections alone are responsible for an approximately 1.6 million foodborne illnesses a year in the United States, the most common culprit of foodborne illnesses. Activities: On the second year of thisproject focused on developing and improving low-cost, high-yield graphene electrodes for electrochemical monitoring of Salmonella, Listeria and Escherichia coli. We worked on the development of laser induced graphene (LIG) immunosensors for the detection ofSalmonellaTyphimurium. . We explored a two-step method is described to create laser-induced graphene electrodes conjugated with nickel oxide nanoparticles (LIG-NiO). Fabrication of the LIG-NiO electrodes is performed via direct writing under ambient conditions using polyimide and nickel acetate solution as substrates. All electrodes were then converted into a label-free sensor for the detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by functionalizing the working surface with an anti-Salmonella antibody. It is important to note that the major goals of objective1 and of the project in its entirety is to develop high-throughput methods to create electrochemical graphene biosensors without the need to perform low-throughput, expensive chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to synthesize the graphene and its respective circuits. Hence, we developed new techniques to create laser induced graphene electrodes for electrochemical biosensing and open microfluidic systems. All of these techniques circumvent the need to use costly CVD synthesis of graphene. It should be noted that these electrodes were functionalized with antibodies or enzymes or ion selective membranes in order to rapidly verify their electrocatalytic nature. We also worked on other biosensor platforms that allows for detection of foodborne pathogens, using stimuli-responsive nanobrush sensors functionalized with aptamers and lectins selective to target foodborne pathogen (Listeria spp.and Escherichia coli), respectively. Change in Knowledge: Change in knowledge is demonstrated by the peer-reviewed publications. Below are two publicationdescriptions relevant to this project. We explored a two-step direct writing fabrication method to create LIG with NiO nanoparticles (LIG-NiO) under ambient conditions using polyimide and nickel acetate solution as substrates, which was then converted into a label-free sensor for the detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by functionalizing the electrodes with anti-Salmonella antibody. To fabricate the immunosensors, the graphene surface was functionalized with100 microM Salmonella Typhimurium monoclonal antibody, then tested in PBS, in the presence of interferents and in 100% chicken broth spiked with bacteria with incremental concentration from 10 to 10^6 CFU/mL.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to determine the limit of detection (LOD), range, sensitivity, and selectivity of each immunosensor when exposed to bacteria with an incubation time of 15 min under 200 rpm and analysis time of 2 min. Sensor performance validation was performed in buffer and in chicken broth at incremental S. Typhimurium concentrations. The LIG-NiO immunosensor detected S. Typhimurium in PBS and chicken broth over relevant levels for food safety analysis from 101 to 106 CFU/mL and 101 to 105 CFU/mL, respectively. The response time was 17 min without need for further preparation of the tested chicken broth sample. Additionally, the presence of interferent bacteria, E. coli spp., or other food components found in chicken broth did not significantly influence the immunosensor sensitivity. The resulting immunosensor is capable of selectively sensing Salmonella Typhimurium at concentrations as low as 13 CFU/10 mL in real food (i.e., chicken broth) and when distinct Gram-negative bacteria. This work was presented at the Gordon Research Conference and Seminar Nanoscale Science and Engineering for Agriculture and Food Systems in June 2022. We developed a label-free and rapid electrochemical biosensor forListeria monocytogenesdetection using a new one-step simultaneous sonoelectrodeposition of platinum and chitosan (CHI/Pt) to create a biomimetic nanostructure that actuates under pH changes. The XPS analysis shows the effective co-deposition of chitosan and platinum on the electrode surface. This deposition was optimized to enhance the electroactive surface area by 11 times compared with a bare platinum-iridium electrode (p< 0.05). Electrochemical behavior during chitosan actuation (pH-stimulated osmotic swelling) was characterized with three different redox probes (positive, neutral, and negative charge) above and below the isoelectric point of chitosan. These results showed that using a negatively charged redox probe led to the highest electroactive surface area, corroborating previous studies of stimulus-response polymers on metal electrodes. These aptasensors were functional at concentrations up to 106CFU/mL with no preconcentration nor extraneous reagent addition. Selectivity was assessed in the presence of other Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and with a food product (chicken broth). Actuation led to improvedL. monocytogenesdetection with a low limit of detection (33 CFU/10 mL in chicken broth). The aptasensor developed herein offers a simple fabrication procedure with only one-step deposition followed by functionalization and rapidL. monocytogenesdetection, with 15 min bacteria capture and 2 min sensing. This work was published in the journal of Biosensors (Impact Factor of 5.743). Key Outcomes: 1.Developed a two-step direct writing fabrication method to create LIG with NiO nanoparticles (LIG-NiO) that was converted to a label-free sensor for the detection of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium 2.Developed a rapid and label-free Listeria monocytogenes detection based on stimuli-responsive alginate-platinum thiomer nanobrushes. 3.Developed a hydrophobic laser-induced graphene potentiometric ion-selective electrodes for nitrate sensing. 4.Developed laser-induced graphene with metallic nanoparticles for ion sensing, pesticide monitoring, and water splitting electrodes for electrochemical ion sensing, pesticide monitoring, and water splitting 5.Developed a one-step fabrication of stimuli-responsive chitosan-platinum brushes for Listeria monocytogenes detection. 6.Studied tuning the structure, conductivity, and wettability of laser induced graphene for multiplexed open microfluidic environmental biosensing and energy storage devices. 7.Reviewed biosensors technologies: food, environmental and agricultural sensing technologies (FEAST) in North America. 8.Reviewed sensor-as-a-service: convergence of sensor analytic point solutions (SNAPS) and pay-a-penny-per-use (PAPPU) paradigm as a catalyst for democratization of healthcare in underserved communities. 9.Developed a Sense-Analyze-Respond-Actuate (SARA) paradigm: proof of concept system spanning nanoscale and macroscale actuation for detection of Escherichia coli in aqueous media
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Oliveira, D. A., McLamore, E. S., Gomes, C. L. 2022. Rapid and label-free Listeria monocytogenes detection based on stimuli-responsive alginate-platinum thiomer nanobrushes. Scientific Reports. 12, 21413 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-25753-7
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Yu, C., Takhistov, P., Alocilja, E., Reyes-de-Corcuera, J., Frey, M. W., Gomes, C. L., Mao, Y. J., McLamore, E. S., Lin, M., Tsyusko, O. V., Tzeng, T-R., Yoon, J-Y., Zhou, A., 2022. Bioanalytical approaches for the detection, characterization, and risk assessment of micro/nanoplastics in agriculture and food systems. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-04069-5
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Hjort, R. G., Soares, R. R. A., Li, J., Jing, D., Hartfiel, L., Chen, B., Van Belle, B., Soupir, M., Smith, E. A., McLamore, E. S., Claussen, J. C., Gomes, C. L. 2022. Hydrophobic laser-induced graphene potentiometric ion-selective electrodes for nitrate sensing. Microchimica Acta. 189 (3):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-022-05233-5
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Oliveira, D. A., Althawab, S., McLamore, E. S., Gomes, C. L. 2021. One-step fabrication of stimuli-responsive chitosan-platinum brushes for Listeria monocytogenes detection. Biosensors, 11 (12), 511. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios11120511
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Chen, B., Johnson, Z. T., Sanborn, D., Hjort, R. G., Garland, N. T., Soares, R. R. A., Van Belle, Jared, N., Li, J., Jing, D., Smith, E. A., Gomes, C. L., Claussen, J. C.. 2021. Tuning the structure, conductivity, and wettability of laser induced graphene for multiplexed open microfluidic environmental biosensing and energy storage devices. ACS Nano, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c04197
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
McLamore, E. S., Alocilja, E., Gomes, C., Gunasekaran, S., Jenkins, D., Datta, S. P. A., Li, Y., Mao, Y. Nugen, S. R., Reyes-De-Corcuera, J. I., Takhistov, P., Tsyusko, O., Cochran, J. P., Tszeng, T-R, Yoon, J-Y., Yu, C., Zhou, A. 2021. FEAST of biosensors: food, environmental and agricultural sensing technologies (FEAST) in North America. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 178 (1): 113011 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2021.113011
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Awate, D. M., Pola, C. C., Shumaker, E., Gomes, C. L., Juarez, J. J. 2021. 3D printed imaging platform for portable cell counting. Analyst. 146. 4033-4041. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1AN00778E
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Kucherenko, I. S., Chen, B., Johnson, Z., Wilkins, A., Sanborn, D., Figueroa-Felix, N., Mendivelso-Perez, D., Smith, E. A., Gomes, C. L., Claussen, J. C. 2021. Laser-induced graphene electrodes for electrochemical ion sensing, pesticide monitoring, and water splitting, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 413, 6201-6212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03519-w
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Giacobassi, C. A., Oliveira, D. A., Pola, C. C., Xiang, D., Tang, Y., Datta, S. P. A., McLamore, E. S., Gomes, C. L. 2021. Sense-Analyze-Respond-Actuate (SARA) paradigm: proof of concept system spanning nanoscale and macroscale actuation for detection of Escherichia coli in aqueous media. Actuators. 10 (1): 2 https://doi.org/10.3390/act10010002
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Oliveira, D. A., Pola, C. C., Soares, R. R. A., Hjort, R. G., Giacobassi, C., Datta, D., Vanegas, D., McLamore, E. S., Claussen, J. C., Gomes, C. L. 2022. Rapid and label-free detection of infectious pathogens based on graphene electrochemical immunosensors. Institute of Biological Engineering annual meeting. Athens, GA, April.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Oliveira, D. A., Althawab, S., McLamore, E. S., Gomes, C. L. 2022. Rapid and label-free Listeria monocytogenes detection based on chitosan and alginate stimuli-responsive brushes. Institute of Biological Engineering annual meeting. Athens, GA, April
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Soares, R. R. A., Hjort, D. A., Pola, C. C., Claussen, J. C., Gomes, C. L. 2022. Sensors based on laser-induced graphene to monitor nitrite levels in cured meat. Iowa State University Graduate and Professional Student Conference. Ames, IA. April.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Soares, R. R. A., Hjort, D. A., Pola, C. C., Parate, K., McLamore, E. S., Claussen, J. C., Gomes, C. L. 2021. Graphene and stimuli-responsive brush sensors for foodborne pathogens detection in food and hydroponic water. Materials Research Society Fall Meeting & Exhibit 2021, Boston, MA, a Hybrid Event. November
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Johnson, Z., Garland, N., Williams, K., Chen, B., Gomes, C. L., Claussen, J. C. 2021. Tuning the properties of printed graphene to create electrochemical sensors and integrated open microfluidics for in-field environmental and health monitoring systems. Materials Research Society Fall Meeting & Exhibit 2021, Boston, MA, a Hybrid Event. November.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Johnson, Z., Chen, B., Pola, C. C., Garland, N., Gomes, C. L., Claussen, J. C. 2021. Scalable Fabrication of Flexible Graphene Circuits and Fluidics for Multiplexed Electrochemical Sensing for Agriculture. Materials Research Society Fall Meeting & Exhibit 2021, Boston, MA, a Hybrid Event. November
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Soares, R. R. A., Hjort, D. A., Pola, C. C., Parate, K., McLamore, E. S., Claussen, J. C., Gomes, C. L. 2021.Nanotechnology-based tools for food safety and security. Global Alliance for Rapid Diagnostics (GARD) Symposium 2021: Innovation Forum: Bridging Technologies and Market Needs. Virtual Event. June
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
8. Goddard, J., Gomes, C. L., Wu, F., Zheng, J., Wiedmann, M. 2021. Digital systems approaches to enhance food safety. Institute of Food Technologists (IFT) Annual Meeting & Exposition 2021, Chicago, IL. Virtual Event. June
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Soares, R. R., Hjort, R., Pola, C. C., Parate, K., Oliveira, D. A., McLamore, E. S., Claussen, J. C., Gomes, C. L. 2021. Laser induced graphene electrochemical immunosensors for rapid and label-free monitoring of foodborne pathogens in food samples. Institute of Biological Engineering, annual meeting Athens, GA, Virtual Conference, April.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Gomes, C. L. 2021. Detection of Escherichia coli in aqueous media: Sense-Analyze-Respond-Actuate Paradigm. U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Soldier Center: Water Sensor Symposium 2021. Virtual Conference, March.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Hall, L. S., Hwang, D., Chen, B., Van Belle, B., Johnson, Z. T., Hondred, J. A., Gomes, C. L., Barlett, M. D., Claussen, J. C. C. 2021. All-graphene-based open fluidics for pumpless, small-scale fluid transport via laser-controlled wettability patterning. Nanoscale Horizons, 6, 24-32 https://doi.org/10.1039/D0NH00376J
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Chen, B., Van Belle, B., Soares, R. R., Hjort, R., Kucherenko, I., Rangnekar, S., Pola, C. C., Parate, K., Hersam, M., McLamore, E. S., Claussen, J. C., Gomes, C. L. 2021. Cost-effective, continuous monitoring of food safety and soil nutrients with graphene-based probes. Pittcon Conference & Expo 2021, New Orleans, LA, Virtual Conference, March
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Soares, R. R., Hjort, R., Pola, C. C., Parate, K., Reis, E., Soares, N., McLamore, E. S., Claussen, J. C., Gomes, C. L. 2021. Graphene-based electrochemical immunosensors for rapid and label-free monitoring of foodborne pathogens and toxins in food samples. Pittcon Conference & Expo 2021, New Orleans, LA, Virtual Conference, March.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Iowa State University, Ames, IA, FSHN 489: Issues in Food Safety. April, 2022.
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition
Rapid and label-free detection of food pathogen and indicator microorganisms based on electrochemical sensors
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
NC1023: Engineering for Food Safety and Quality, multi-institutional seminar, Virtual Event. March 25, 2022.
Data science applications in food processing and food safety
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
NACK (NSF National Nanotechnology Applications and Career Knowledge Network) National Webinar Series 2021, Virtual Event. Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. March 2021.
Future of food and agriculture from macro to nano: opportunities and challenges
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
NNI Workshop 2021. National Nanotechnology Initiative Strategic Planning Stakeholder Workshop. Washington, DC. Virtual Workshop, January 2021.
Nanotechnology-based tools for food, environmental and agriculture
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Progress 06/01/20 to 05/31/21
Outputs
Target Audience:Graduate and undergraduate students, faculty, industry, stake holders, scientific community. Changes/Problems:For several months in 2020, COVID-19 forced the closure of research labs where much of this work takes place. Even once reopened, activity decreased due to the pandemic. This has affected progress. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Mentoring of graduate and undergraduate students and visiting scholars were conducted as part of this project. Graduate and undergraduate students were trained on new methodologies for fabricating, functionalizing, characterizing, and electrochemically testing graphene-based sensors. Additionally, students and visiting scholars were trained on new methods for laser-induced graphene biosensor development and antibody functionalization for real-time detection of Salmonella spp. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated throughout peer-review publications, PI's website, and presentations at international conferences. Events presented by PI Gomes: 1.CTOCTA 2020. III Tocantins Congress of Food Science and Engineering. Tocantins, Brazil, Virtual conference. November, 2020. "Graphene biosensor for rapid and label-free monitoring of foodborne pathogens and toxins in food samples" 2.Clemson University, Clemson, SC, Virtual seminar. October, 2020. Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences "Nano-based materials and sensors for pathogen and food spoilage monitoring applications" 3.II EPNat 2020. 2nd Brazilian Meeting on Natural Polymers, Campinas, SP, Brazil, Virtual conference. October, 2020. "Nano-engineered biosensors and delivery systems for food and agricultural applications" 4.UFBA 2020, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil, Science Project. Virtual seminar. September, 2020. "Nanobiosensors: biomimetic approaches to detect pathogens" 5.PTIC meeting 2020. Polymer Technology Industrial Consortium Meeting. Texas A&M University. Virtual Conference. October, 2020. "Laser-induced graphene for pathogen sensing in food and agricultural settings" What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We plan to continue working toward the project goals by conducting experiments, interpreting the data and disseminating the results throughout peer-reviewed publications, PI's website, and presentations at international conferences.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Impact: We have created a test-strip biosensor capable of rapid (approximately 20 min), low-cost (less than $3), no bacteria growth requirement prior to detection of foodborne pathogens, Salmonella. The ability to avoid bacteria growth prior to detection, while still sensitively and selectively detecting Salmonella species within 20 min compared to the current 24-48 h. The economic benefits of such technology are considered tremendous as Salmonella infections alone are responsible for an approximately 1.6 million foodborne illnesses a year in the United States, the most common culprit of foodborne illnesses. Activities: On the first year of thisproject focused on developing and improving low-cost, high-yield graphene electrodes for electrochemical monitoring of Salmonella. We worked on the development of laser induced graphene (LIG) immunosensors for the detection ofSalmonellaTyphimurium. Direct synthesis of LIG on polyimide films significantly reduces cost and complexity compared to suspension-prepared graphene oxide films, thus facilitating the development of disposable, low-cost sensors. To fabricate the immunosensors, the graphene surface was functionalized with100 microM SalmonellaTyphimuriummonoclonal antibody, then tested in PBS, in the presence of interferents and in 100% chicken broth, spiked with bacteria with incremental concentration from 10 to 10^6CFU/mL. It is important to note that the major objective of goal1 and of the project in its entirety is to develop high-throughput methods to create electrochemical graphene biosensors without the need to perform low-throughput, expensive chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to synthesize the graphene and its respective circuits. Hence in this year of the project, we developed 1 new technique to create printed graphene electrodes and one new technique to create laser induced graphene electrodes for electrochemical biosensing. All of these techniques circumvent the need to use costly CVD synthesis of graphene. It should be noted that these electrodes were functionalized with antibodies or ion selective membranes in order to rapidly asses their electrocatalytic nature. We also worked on other biosensor platforms that allows for flow-through detection of foodborne pathogens, using a planar interdigitated sensor functionalized with aptamers selective to target foodborne pathogen (Listeria spp.). Change in Knowledge: Activities for Objectives 1 and 2 were carried out in parallel and their results are reported below. We have demonstrated that the fabrication of a highly sensitive and label-free laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrode that is subsequently functionalized with antibodies to electrochemically quantify the foodborne pathogenSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium. The LIG electrodes are produced by laser induction on polyimide film in ambient conditions, and hence circumvent the need for high-temperature, vacuum environment, and metal seed catalysts commonly associated with graphene-based electrodes fabricatedviachemical vapor deposition processes. After functionalization withSalmonella-antibodies, the LIG biosensors were able to detect liveSalmonellain chicken broth across a wide linear range (25 to 10^5CFU mL-1) and with a low detection limit (13 ± 7 CFU mL-1; n = 3, mean ± standard deviation). These results were acquired with an average response time of 22 minutes without the need for sample pre-concentration or redox labeling techniques. Moreover, these LIG immunosensors displayed high selectivity as demonstrated by non-significant response to other bacteria strains.This work was published in the journal of ACS Sensors and selected for the cover art (Impact Factor of 6.880). We were able to perform this LIG technique to fabricate solid-state ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for sensing of ammounium ion (NH4+) and potassium ion (K+). The electrochemical LIG ISEs exhibit a wide sensing range with high stability (minimal drop in signal after 3 months of storage) across a wide pH range (3.5-9.0). The LIG ISEs are also able to monitor the concentrations of NH4+ and K+ in urine samples (29-51% and 17-61% increase for the younger and older patient; respectively, after dehydration induction), which correlate well with conventional hydration status measurements. Hence, these results demonstrate a facile method to perform in-field ion sensing and are the first steps in creating a protocol for quantifying hydration levels through urine testing in human subjects.This work was published inthe journal of Advanced Materials Technologies (Impact Factor of 5.395). We have demonstrated how graphene electrodes fabricated with AJP technique can be functionalized with antibodies for selective sensing of food toxins (histamine) in food products that are pertinent to this project. Our team has demonstrated the ability to fabricate high-resolution (~ 40 mm line width) IDEs and functionalize them with specific antibodies for immunosensing of a small molecule, histamine, known to induce adverse health effects including severe allergic reactions in fish samples. The resultant immunosensor was capable to monitor histamine in fish samples with a response time of 33 minuntes and over a wide sensing range (56.3 mM to 1.8 mM) and LoD of 30.7 microM. This work was published in the journal of 2D materials with press release (Impact Factor of 7.343). We demonstrated the development of aListeriabiosensor using platinum interdigitated microelectrodes (Pt-IME). The sensor is incorporated into a particle/sediment trap for the real-time analysis of irrigation water in a hydroponic lettuce system. We demonstrate the application of this system using a smartphone-based potentiostat for rapid on-site analysis of water quality. In flow conditions (100 mL samples), the aptasensor had a sensitivity of 3.37 ± 0.21 kΩ log-CFU−1mL, and the LOD was 48 ± 12 CFU mL−1with a linear range of 102to 104CFU mL−1. In stagnant solution with no flow, the aptasensor performance was significantly improved in buffer, vegetable broth, and hydroponic media. Sensor hysteresis ranged from 2 to 16% after rinsing in a strong basic solution (direct reuse) and was insignificant after removing the aptamer via washing in Piranha solution (reuse after adsorption with fresh aptamer). This is the first demonstration of an aptasensor used to monitor microbial water quality for hydroponic lettuce in real time using a smartphone-based acquisition system for volumes that conform with the regulatory standards. The aptasensor demonstrated a recovery of 90% and may be reused a limited number of times with minor washing steps. This work was published in the journal of Sensors (Impact Factor of 3.275). For the IDE graphene developed, results indicate that both ink composition and laser annealing play a significant role in device sensitivity. Additionally, graphene-IDEs have lower baseline impedance than microfabricated IDEs, making them ideal candidates for detection of low numbers of bacteria (1-10 CFU/mL) when placed inside testing devices. Most importantly, graphene-IDEs can be functionalized with biorecognition agents againstSalmonella orListeria to facilitate broader applications for pathogen testing Key Outcomes: 1.Developed a laser-induced graphene electrochemical immunosensors for rapid and label-free monitoring of Salmonella enterica in chicken broth 2.Developed a planar interdigitaged aptasensor for flow-through detection of Listeria spp. in hydroponic lettuce growth media.. 3.Developed a aerosol-jet-printed graphene electrochemical histamine sensors for food safety monitoring 4.Developed an ion-selective sensors based on laser-induced graphene for evaluating human hydration levels using urine samples. 5.Reviewed sensor-as-a-service: convergence of sensor analytic point solutions (SNAPS) and pay-a-penny-per-use (PAPPU) paradigm as a catalyst for democratization of healthcare in underserved communities.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Parate, K., Pola, C. C., Rangnekar, S. V., Mendivelso-Perez, D. L., Smith, E. A., Hersam, M. C., Gomes, C. L., Claussen, J. C. 2020. Aerosol-jet-printed graphene electrochemical histamine sensors for food safety monitoring. 2D Materials. 7 (3), 034002 https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1583/ab8919
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Sidhu, R. K., Cavallaro, N. D., Pola, C. C., Danyluk, M. D., McLamore, E. S., Gomes, C. L. 2020. Planar interdigitaged aptasensor for flow-through detection of Listeria spp. in hydroponic lettuce growth media. Sensors. 20(20): 5773. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20205773
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Kucherenko, I. S., Sanborn, D., Chen, B., Garland, N., Serhan, M., Forzani, E., Gomes, C. L., Claussen, J. C. 2020. Ion-selective sensors based on laser-induced graphene for evaluating human hydration levels using urine samples. Advanced Materials Technologies. 1901037. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.20190137
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Soares, R. A., Hjort, R. G., Pola, C. C., Parate, K., Reis, E. L., �Soares N. F. F., McLamore, E. S., �Claussen, E. S., Gomes, C. L. 2020. Laser-induced graphene electrochemical immunosensors for rapid and label-free monitoring of Salmonella enterica in chicken broth. ACS Sensors. 5 (7), 1900-1911. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.9b02345
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Morgan, V., Casso-Hartmann, L., Bahamon-Pinzon, D., McCourt, K., Hjort, R. G., Bahramzadeh, S., Velez-Torres, I., McLamore, E., Gomes, C., Alocilja, E. C., Bhusal, N., Shrestha, S., Pote, N., Briceno, K., Datta, S. P. A., Vanegas, D. C. 2020. Sensor-as-a-service: convergence of sensor analytic point solutions (SNAPS) and pay-a-penny-per-use (PAPPU) paradigm as a catalyst for democratization of healthcare in underserved communities. Diagnostics. 10 (1): 22 https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10010022
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Ruan, R., Gomes, C. L., Kaltunc, G. 2020. 2018 Conference of Food Engineering Special Issue. Journal of Food Process Engineering. 43 (5), e13412. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfpe.13412
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