Progress 01/23/20 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Target Audience: poultry company executives, poultry veterinarians and poultry company production specialists Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?
Nothing Reported
How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Recent PDRC Publications H9 Influenza Viruses: An Emerging Challenge. Carnaccini S,Perez DR.Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2020 Jun 1;10(6):a038588. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a038588. Limited detection of antibodies to clade 2.3.4.4 a/goose/guangdong/1/1996 lineage highly pathogenic h5 avian influenza virus in north american waterfowl. Stallknecht DE, Kienzle-Dean C, Davis-Fields N, Jennelle CS, Bowman AS, Nolting JM, Boyce WM, Crum JM, Santos JJS, Brown JD, Prosser DJ, De La Cruz SEW, Ackerman JT, Casazza ML, Krauss S,Perez DR, Ramey AM, Poulson RL.J Wildl Dis. 2020 Jan;56(1):47-57. Epub 2019 Sep 26. Plasmid-Based Reverse Genetics of Influenza A Virus. Perez DR, Seibert B, Ferreri L, Lee CW, Rajao D.Methods Mol Biol. 2020;2123:37-59. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0346-8_4. Real-time, MinION-based, amplicon sequencing for lineage typing of infectious bronchitis virus from upper respiratory samples. Butt SL, Erwood EC, Zhang J,Sellers HS, Young K, Lahmers KK, Stanton JB.J Vet Diagn Invest. 2020 Mar 5:1040638720910107. doi: 10.1177/1040638720910107. Effects of a dry hydrogen peroxide disinfection system used in an egg cooler on hatchability and chick quality. Melo EF, McElreath JS, Wilson JL, Lara LJC, Cox NA,Jordan BJ.Poult Sci. 2020 Nov;99(11):5487-5490. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.05.050. Epub 2020 Recombinant hemagglutinin glycoproteins provide insight into binding to host cells by H5 influenza viruses in wild and domestic birds. Jerry C, Stallknecht D, Leyson C, Berghaus R,Jordan B, Pantin-Jackwood M, Hitchener G, França M.Virology. 2020 Nov;550:8-20. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.08.001. Epub 2020 A Protection following simultaneous vaccination with three or four different attenuated live vaccine types against infectious bronchitis virus. Jackwood MW, Clark R, Cheng S, Jordan BJ.Avian Pathol. 2020 Aug;49(4):335-341. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1748173. Epub 2020 Ocular exposure to infectious laryngotracheitis virus alters leukocyte subsets in the head-associated lymphoid tissues and trachea of 6-week-old White Leghorn chickens. Krunkosky M, García M, Beltran G, Williams SM, Hurley DJ, Gogal RM Jr. Avian Pathol. 2020 Aug;49(4):404-417. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1757036. Epub 2020 May 19. PMID: 32301627. Spotlight on avian pathology: aspergillosis. Hauck R, Cray C,França M.Avian Pathol. 2020 Apr;49(2):115-118. doi: 10.1080/03079457.2019.1696946. Epub 2019 Dec 10. Accuracy of PCR universal primer for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus and comparison of different phenotypic screening assays. de Melo DA, da S Soares B, da Motta CC, Dubenczuck FC, Barbieri NL,Logue CM, de O Coelho S, da S Coelho I, de Souza MMS.Braz J Microbiol. 2020 Mar;51(1):403-407. doi: 10.1007/s42770-019-00171-6. Epub 2019 Oct 29. Comparing PFGE, MLST, and WGS in monitoring the spread of macrolide and rifampin resistant Rhodococcus equi in horse production. Álvarez-Narváez S,Logue CM, Barbieri NL, Berghaus LJ, Giguère S.Vet Microbiol. 2020 Mar;242:108571. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108571. Epub 2019 Outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli. Nielsen DW, Ricker N, Barbieri NL, Allen HK, Nolan LK,Logue CM.BMC Res Notes. 2020 Jan 31;13(1):51. doi: 10.1186/s13104-020-4917-5. Characterization of Avian PathogenicEscherichia coli(APEC) Associated With Turkey Cellulitis in Iowa. de Oliveira AL, Newman DM, Sato Y, Noel A, Rauk B, Nolan LK, Barbieri NL,Logue CM.Front Vet Sci. 2020 Jul 3;7:380. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00380. eCollection 2020. The effect of feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation derived postbiotic as a pre-harvest food safety hurdle for reducing Salmonella Enteritidis in the ceca of layer pullets. Gingerich E, Frana T,Logue CM, Smith DP, Pavlidis HO, Chaney WE.J Food Prot. 2020 Sep 25. doi: 10.4315/JFP-20-330. Online ahead of print. CRISPR Typing of Salmonella Isolates. Shariat N, Dudley E.Methods Mol Biol. 2021;2182:39-44. doi: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0791-6_5. Conserved CRISPR arrays in Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis can serve as qPCR targets to detect Infantis in mixed serovar populations. Richards AK, Hopkins BA,Shariat NW.Lett Appl Microbiol. 2020 Aug;71(2):138-145. doi: 10.1111/lam.13296. Epub 20209. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?As the COVID restrictions are lifted, the research and testing in the Poultry Diagnostic Research Center are expected to return to pre-pandemic levels.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
COVID-19 impact During the reporting period 1/23/2020 through 9/30/2020 the University was under a restricted essential research only mandate. A lot of research endeavors were placed on hold. The report should be considered with that in mind. Isolation, Identification and Characterization of Poultry Pathogens. Ongoing work through our diagnostic laboratory focuses on the study of currently circulating, economically important disease agents. During this report period, approximately 1335 cases were accessioned, 38 field trips were conducted and 1+ million birds were seen. This level of activity is down by about 30% from last year. Avian Influenza Virus. Antibodies against a 2.3.4.4 A/goose/Guangdong/1/1996 lineage of highly pathogenic H5 influenza virus were detected in northern American waterfowl. A plasmid based reverse genetics system aimed at the development of influenza A vaccines was tested. In addition, recombinant hemagglutinin glycoproteins were used to provide insight into the binding of host cells by H5 influenza viruses in wild and domestic birds. And finally, H9 influenza viruses were characterized and shown to be an emerging challenge for control. Collaborations in Argentina and Guatemala continue and involve surveillance of H7 and H9 viruses which confirmed a fixed internal gene constellation in viruses isolated from wild birds. Infectious Bronchitis Virus variants and vaccines. Research focuses on the most recent outbreaks and characterization of new and emerging strains as well as development of new diagnostic tests and vaccines against circulating strains. IBV type specific real time RT-PCR tests previously developed for all of the currently used vaccine viruses as well as DMV1639, GA07 and GA13 were used as a screening tool for detection of those vaccines and variant viruses. The data showed the DMV1639 virus was the predominant virus affecting poultry in the eastern US. Safety and efficacy testing for new Arkansas and DMV1639 vaccines were completed and shown as suitable vaccine candidates. Three or four different IBV vaccine types were used to vaccinate chickens and the birds were found to be protected against each of the respective IBV types indicating simultaneous vaccination against multiple types of the virus can be successfully accomplished. Real-time MinION-based next generation sequencing was developed for lineage typing of IBV from clinical samples. Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus. Ocular exposure to infectious laryngotracheitis virus was found to alter leukocyte subset populations in the head-associated lymphoid tissues. The leukocyte cell populations were also altered in the trachea of the exposed 6-week old chickens. Enteric viruses. Studies examining the safety and efficacy of a new vaccine against variant reovirus isolates were completed in chickens with favorable results for a new vaccine candidate. Avian Microbiology. Characterization of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) associated with turkey cellulitis was conducted. The outer membrane protein A (OmpA) of extra-intestinal APEC was examined for its role in disease and the immune response. A diagnostic PCR primer for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus was evaluated for accuracy and compared to different screening assays. CRISPER typing of Salmonella isolates is an ongoing project and was used to develop arrays for Salmonella enterica serovar infantis to detect infantis in a mixed serovar population. A postbiotic from Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation was examined for properties of reducing Salmonella enteritidis in the ceca of layer pullets. Avian Mycoplasma. Research is focused on applied research in avian mycoplasma epidemiology, pathogenicity and control. The protective efficacy of an inactivated Mycoplasma synoviae vaccine was examined using different adjuvants. This research also focuses on detection and a new species of avian Mycoplasma, M. anserisalpingitidis sp. nov. was isolated from a European domestic goose with reproductive pathology. Real time PCR protocols were developed do differentiate Mycoplasma synoviae vaccine strains from field strains. Finally, ongoing studies looking at the whole genome of avian Mycoplasma spp. continues with the objective of understanding biomarkers for disease. Avian Histopathology & Diagnostic Services. The Poultry Diagnostic Laboratory at PDRC provides year-round histopathology service to the poultry industry. Research conducted includes histopathological analysis of immune organs in poultry following Salmonella colonization. Emerging conditions and research priorities: 1) Salmonella identification and mitigation in broilers 2) APEC characterization and control 3) Vaccine research and development for influenza and bronchitis 4) Mycoplasma synovia characterization in commercial poultry and vaccine development 5) Immune response to Infectious Laryngotracheitis virus Scientists: Drs. Perez, Rajao, Sellers, Jordan, Jackwood, Franca, Williams, Logue, Shariat, Barbieri, Ferguson-Noel, Garcia, Burns-Grogan, Nicholds, Shepherd, French
Publications
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