Source: LINCOLN UNIVERSITY submitted to NRP
EVALUATION OF PROMISING QUINOA LINES IN THE MIDWEST FOR ENHANCED FOOD SECURITY AND SUSTAINABILITY
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
OTHER GRANTS
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1021864
Grant No.
2020-38821-31090
Cumulative Award Amt.
$496,271.00
Proposal No.
2019-03264
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
May 1, 2020
Project End Date
Apr 30, 2024
Grant Year
2020
Program Code
[EQ]- Research Project
Recipient Organization
LINCOLN UNIVERSITY
820 CHESTNUT ST
JEFFERSON CITY,MO 651023537
Performing Department
Agriculture and Environmental
Non Technical Summary
Quinoa is a highly nutritious and a potentially important food security crop because of its ability to tolerate drought and low soil fertility. The U.S. is the largest consumer and importer of quinoa, with the domestic demand chiefly met through imports from South America. In 2017, the U. S. imported 78 million pounds of quinoa at a cost of $85 million. Domestic production is mostly small-scale and centered at higher elevations in the Northwest. To expand quinoa production to the Midwest, it will be necessary to develop and/or identify suitable varieties. This proposal seeks to select high-yielding, drought-tolerant quinoa cultivars for the Midwest. The principal objectives of the project are: to (1) evaluate and select quinoa lines for higher yield and drought tolerance, (2) determine the impact of drought stress on seed composition, (3) disseminate quinoa production information and encourage adoption by small farmers as a profitable crop, (4) measure the economics of quinoa production and marketing, and finally, (5) train students in plant breeding and crop production. Starting with about 100 quinoa accessions, we have selected 10 best lines after multi-year and multi-location evaluations. These lines will be evaluated at six Missouri locations. Promising lines will be released as cultivars and will be used in future breeding work. Hopefully, the small farmers will use these cultivars to expand production into more marginal lands, and increase their profitability. Eventually, this work should lead to reduced imports, improved food security, and create a cadre of well-trained agricultural scientists.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
25%
Applied
50%
Developmental
25%
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
10222991081100%
Knowledge Area
102 - Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships;

Subject Of Investigation
2299 - Miscellaneous and new crops, general/other;

Field Of Science
1081 - Breeding;
Goals / Objectives
The long-term goal of this project is to select high-yielding quinoa cultivars with biotic and abiotic stress tolerance capacity for the Midwest. The following objectives are planned to accomplish this goal:To evaluate promising quinoa lines across different locations and times to select the best lines for the Midwest.To determine the effect of drought stress on seed composition.Extension: to disseminate information to quinoa farmers/producers, seed processors, and users.To evaluate the economics of domestic quinoa production, processing, and marketing.To train graduate and undergraduate students in plant breeding and crop production.
Project Methods
Methods for Research Objective One: Evaluation of promising quinoa lines across different locations and times to select the best lines for the Midwest (Investigators: Drs. Pathan, Eivazi, and Clark).Ten promising quinoa lines (Table 2) will be grown under two water regimes: one with full irrigation throughout the growing season (henceforth called the "control field") and the other under normal field condition (similar to farmers' usual practices), without supplemental irrigation (henceforth called the "rainfed field"). Both trials will be conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications. Seeds will be sown manually in 6-foot long, four-row plots, with a plant-to-plant and row-to-row distance of 10 inches. After germination, seedlings will be thinned to two in each hill. In control plots, a drip irrigation system will be established. In rainfed fields, plants will be allowed to grow normally without any supplemental irrigation. Normal management practices will be followed, including fertilizer use and integrated pest management (IPM), if necessary. The experiment will be conducted at six locations (i.e., one in LU's George Washington Carver Farm, one in MU's Bradford Research and Extension Center, and four in farmers' fields across Missouri).Data will be collected for plant height, days to maturity, inflorescence length, lodging (plant standing/erectness; 1 = best, 5 = worst), and disease score in both the control and rainfed plots. At maturity, seeds will be harvested from each plot of the control and rainfed plots for yield comparison.Methods for Research Objective Two: Determine the effect of drought stress on seed composition (Investigators: Drs. Valliyodan and Clark).Ten promising quinoa lines (Table 2) will be grown in the field under two water regimes: (1) with full irrigation throughout the growing season (henceforth known as the "control field"), and (2) with interrupted irrigation to induce drought stress in the rainout shelter (henceforth known as the "drought field") at MU's BREC, Columbia, Missouri. Both the trials will be planted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications. Seeds will be sown manually in 6-foot long, four-row plots, with a plant-to-plant and row-to-row distance of 10 inches. After germination, seedlings will be thinned to two in each hill. In the control field, a drip irrigation system will be established. Normal management practices will be followed, including fertilizer use and integrated pest management (IPM), if necessary. In the drought field (inside the rainout shelter), drought stress will be imposed during flowering (about 6-7 weeks after sowing) by withholding irrigation and will be continued until the plants show leaf wilting (about two weeks after the stress initiation). Water stress during flowering has a great impact on grain yield; therefore, we will impose water stress during flowering following the method used as a drought tolerance screening test in other crops. Leaf wilting will be rated on a scale from 1 to 5 (Pathan et al. 2014). The day before imposing water stress (stopping irrigation) and at the end of the stress period (day before resuming irrigation), data will be collected for plant height, leaf area, leaf chlorophyll content and soil moisture and temperature. Irrigation will be resumed at the end of the drought stress to prevent plant death and to continue plant growth to maturity.Data will be collected for plant height, days to maturity, inflorescence length, lodging, and disease score in both the control and drought fields. At maturity, seeds will be harvested from each plot of the control and drought fields for yield comparison and nutrient composition analysis. Harvested seeds from each plot of the control and drought fields will be used for the analysis of nutritional and functional properties. Chemical composition analysis will be done for total carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, and ash (proximate analysis), following the standard protocol published by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). Mineral elements will be measured using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES).Methods for Research Objective Three: Extension: dissemination of information to quinoa farmers/producers, seed processors and users (Investigators: Drs. Eaton and Clark).Demonstration plots in farmers' fields: Farmers working in the production and marketing of small crops and smallholder farmers have expressed an interest in growing quinoa on their farms. As a part of Objective One, multi-location yield tests will be conducted in four farmers' fields across Missouri. It will serve two purposes: (1) as a yield test and (2) as additional demonstration plots for famers/quinoa producers. Farmers/quinoa producers will be invited to visit the fields and will be updated about the economic benefits as well as the benefits of crop diversification on their farms. Realizing this objective will allow small and socially disadvantaged farmers to be competitive and will provide opportunities for increased financial support through direct marketing and agricultural sustainability. LU has an existing farmer outreach program, the Innovative Small Farmers' Outreach Program (ISFOP), to reach an audience actively seeking new crops to improve their economic outlook and agricultural future. Dr. Eaton and her Extension crews will play a vital role in this project. Also, Dr. Clark and her team will monitor in production of quinoa in farmer's field. An annual quinoa field day and workshop will be organized at LU's Carver Farm to disseminate information on quinoa production. Quinoa producers, consumers, and marketing people will be invited to attend the event. Also, a brochure on quinoa cultivation will be prepared and distributed among the participants. A questionnaire will also be distributed to get attendees' feedback.Methods for Research Objective Four: Economic analysis of domestic quinoa production, processing, and marketing (Investigator: Dr. Chowdhury).An economic analysis will be conducted to evaluate the economic feasibility of quinoa production in the Midwest. The major part of the economic analysis will attempt to investigate the net benefit of quinoa production by estimating all relevant costs and yields associated with quinoa production. The cost and yield data will be used from quinoa studies and trials from other U.S. states where quinoa is currently being produced. There might be other hidden economic costs and benefits involving quinoa production based on the long history of quinoa production in South America. Recent studies in the northwestern United States and Canada found that small farmers can benefit from rotating quinoa with another crop. Thus, an attempt will be made to address and/or quantify all of the economic, financial, and marketing issues associated with quinoa production.Methods for Research Objective Five: Training of graduate and undergraduate students (Mentors: Drs. Pathan, Valliyodan, and Clark).Graduate and undergraduate students involved in this project will participate in various project-related activities, from the field to the lab, including data analysis, poster preparation, and presentations at meetings and conferences. Students will also participate in field days and workshops. These will increase the participating students' knowledge and aspirations in science, especially in agricultural science. Also, it will inspire undergraduate students to attend graduate school. A questionnaire will be developed for students, which will evaluate the knowledge they have gained, by comparing their pre and post answers.

Progress 05/01/20 to 04/30/24

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience (s) were small and marginal farms and or crop producers, extension personel, researchers, quinoa grain consumers, and authentic food resutrants. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?- Hands on training on quinoa grains and leafy greens production. - Visitors' field visit and briefing on quinoa production. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?1. Organized three'quinoa leafy greens field day' in the high tunnel and two 'quinoa field day' in July 2023 and 2024. Also, demonastration plots were establishedin farmers' fields, research farms at Lincoln University and University of Missouri, Science Center at St. Louis, and Columbia Center for Urban Agriculture, MO. 2. Oral and poster presentations at differentscientific meetings and conferences. 3. Preparation and distribution of guide sheet. 4. Distribution of quinoa seeds to the interested people. 5. Publication of research articles in peer-reviewed journals. 6. Visitors:Secretary of Agriculture, Tom Vislack (2022), and NIFA Directors Dr. Carrie Castille (2021) and, Dr. Manjit Misra(2023). What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Intitially itwas the three-year project (May 2020to April 2023), andextended one more year (May 2023 to April 2024). The following are the accomplishments of four years (May 2020to April 2024). 1. Out of 130 USDA quinoa germplasm, theten selected quinoa lines were evaluated in four locations in Missouri, USA, during 2022 to 2023 in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications under three environments (irrigated, rainfed and drought-stress after flowering). Based on yield and yeld-related data, two of the ten lines, PI 614927 and PI 698769 (formerly known as Ames 13746) found higher yielders across the locations and environments. Grain yield under drought stress was significantky higher than in irrigated and rainfed environments. No significant difference between irrigated and rainfed was observed. Remarkly, drought stress did not affect the concentration of essential amino acids, although amount was slightly lower in drought stress environments. We confirm that quinoa is one of the climate smart crops as the genotypes evaluated in this study peformed well under drought stress conditions. Above two lines are recommended for cultivation in Missouri. One article has been published in the 'Frontiers in Sustainable Food systems' journal entitled 'Yield and nutritional responses of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes to irrigated, rainfed, and drought stress environments' (https://doi.10.3389/fsnufs.2023.1242187). Another paper has been published in the 'Crops' journal entitled 'Comparison of the nutritional composition of quinoa inflorescences, green leaves and grains'(https://doi.org/10.3390/crops4010006). 2. Seed nutritional analysis revealed that total protein contents varied between the irrigated and drought stress environments; no differences was found in essential amino acids quantity and quality (composition). Also, there was a significant variation in essential mineral contents between the irrigated and drought environments. 3. Extension: Quinoa grain production information has been disseminated via conducting yield trails in the research farms (Lincoln University Carver Farm and University of Missouri Bradford Farm), farmer's fields (Jamestown and Hermann both in Missouri), and setting demonstration plots at Columbia Center for Urban Agriculture (CCUA) in Columbia, MO, and Science Center at St. Lous, MO. Two quinoa field day wereorganized. 4. Economic analysis on quinoa production, processing and marketing has been completed and one manuscript is under preparation. 5. Two graduate students were graduated (MS degree in sustaianable agriculture), and six undergraduate students were trained in field crop production and management. 6. Publications summary- - Journal articles: three(Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 2023, 7:1242187;Horticulturae 2023, 9, 209;. Crops 2024,4,72-81) - Posters/oral presentations: Fourteen(Tri-Society annual meeting, ARD binneial symposium, Missouri academy of science, Missouri state fair), and two international oral presentations: (a) Quinoa: A nutrient-rich, climate-smart dual-purpose new crop for grains and greens production in Bangladesh, Sher-e-Bangla Ag University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 11 December 2022;(b) Use of different plant parts of quinoa: nutrient-rich entities, BSMR Ag University, Gazipur, Bangladesh, 25 April 2024). - Guide sheet: one (LUCE GS#24-A-2020).

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Pathan, S., Ndunguru, G., and Ayele, A. G. 2024. Comparison of the Nutritional Composition of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) Inflorescences, Green Leaves, and Grains. Crops 2024, 4, 7281. https://doi.org/10.3390/crops4010006.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Pathan, S., G. Ndunguru, M.K. Shahadat, A.G. Addissu. 2024. Use of Nutrient-rich Different Plant Parts of Quinoa. Paper presented at the ARD Symposium, Nashville, TN.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Ndunguru, G., S. Pathan, M.K. Shahadat, and A.G. Addissu. 2024. Quinoa Production in Missouri. Poster presented at the ARD Symposium, Nashville, TN.


Progress 05/01/23 to 04/30/24

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience (s) are small and marginal farmers/crop producers, quinoa consumers, extension personel, researchers, and authentic food resturants. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?- Organizing a'Quinoa Field Day.' - Journal article publication,oral and poster presentations in meetings and seminars. - Participation in Missouri State Fair at Sedalia, MO in August 2023. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results have been disseminated through- - Conductingyield trials in research farms (LU and MU research farms), farmer's fields (Jamestown and Hermann, both at MO), Columbia Center for Urban Agriculture (CCUA), and Science Center at St. Louis, MO. - Organizing a 'Quinoa Field Day" - Publications (research article and handout). - Poster and oral presentations at scientific meetings and seminars. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?- Preparation and submissionof project final report. - Organizing a 'Quinoa Field Day'in July 2024. - Make presentation at ARD Symposium at Nashville, TN, 6-10 April 2024. - Preparation and submission of new proposal (continuation of the current project). - Manuscript preparation and publication.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? This is the last year of the four-year project (extended one year from May 2023 to April 2024). The following are the accompllishments of the fourth and the last year of the project period (May 2023 to April 2024). 1. The selected ten quinoa lines were evaluated in four locations in Missouri, USA, in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications under three environments (irrigated, rainfed and drought-stress after flowering). Based on yield and yeld-related data, two of the ten lines, PI 614927 and PI 698769 (formerly known as Ames 13746) found higher yielders across the locations and environments. Grain yield under drought stress was significantky higher than in irrigated and rainfed environments. No significant difference between irrigated and rainfed was observed. Remarkly, drought stress did not affect the concentration of essential amino acids, although amount was slightly lower in drought stress environments. We confirm that quinoa is one of the climate smart crops as the genotypes evaluated in this study peformed well under drought stress conditions. One article has been published in the 'Frontiers in Sustainable Food systems' journal entitled 'Yield and nutritional responses of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes to irrigated, rainfed, and drought stress environments. 2. Seed nutritional analysis revealed that total protein contents varied between the irrigated and drought stress environments; no differences was found in essential amino acids quantity and quality (composition). Also, there was a significant variation in essential mineral contents between the irrigated and drought environments. 3. Quinoa grain production information has been disseminated via conducting yield trails in the research farms (Lincoln University Carver Farm and University of Missouri Bradford Farm), farmer's fields (Jamestown and Hermann both in Missouri), and setting demonstration plots at Columbia Center for Urban Agriculture (CCUA) in Columbia, MO, and Science Center at St. Lous, MO. 4. Manuscript preparation on economic study of quinoa production, processing and marketing is underway. 5. One under graduate student was trained in field crop production during the reported period.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Pathan, S., Ndunguru, G., Clark, K., and Ayele, A.G. 2023. Yield and nutritional responses of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) genotypes to irrigated, rainfed, and drought-stress environments. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 7:1242187, https://doi:10.3389/fsufs.2023.1242187.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Pathan, S., Ndunguru, G., and Ayele, A.G. 2023. Quinoa: A Super Crop with many uses. Paper presented at the Tri-Society Annual Meeting, October 29-November 01, 2024, St. Louis, MO.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2024 Citation: Ndunguru, G., S. Pathan, M.K. Shahadat, and A.G. Addissu. 2024. Quinoa Production in Missouri. Poster to be presented at the ARD Symposium 6-10 April, 2024 at Nashville, TN.


Progress 05/01/22 to 04/30/23

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience (s) are small and marginal farmers/crop producers, consumers, extension personel, and authentic food resturants. Changes/Problems:The program period for this award began on 5/1/2020, at the beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic. During that time, the University was partially locked down, and in-person contact and travel were restricted. Due to these restrictions, it was impossible to meet with farmers to perform field selections or set up field experiments to grow Quinoa in their fields. Therefore, the project received one to compensate for lost time due to COVID-19 no-cost extension through 4/20/2024 to conduct field experiments during the summer of 2023 and follow up with manuscript publication, preparation, and submission of the final report. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Quinoa grain production resultshas been disseminated via conducting yield trials in the resarch farms, farmers field and makingdemonastration plot at Columbia Center for Urban Agriculture in Columbia, MO. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The next reporting period will be the final year of the project. We are planning to achieve the following goals during that time- 1. Manuscript publication 2. Organizea 'quinoa field day.' 3. Preparation and distribution of a manual/fact sheet on 'How to grow quinoa in the Midwest.' 4. Making oral and poster presentationsat the CSSA-ASA 2023 annual meeting and the ARD biennial research symposium in 2024.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? It is the third year of the four-year project (Extended one yearfrom May 2023 to April 2024). The following are the accomplishments of the project during the third year (May 2022 to April 2023): 1. The selected ten quinoa lines were evaluated in four locations in Missouri, USA, in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications under three environments (irrigated, rainfed, and drought stress) and across two years of growing seasons (summer of 2021 and 2022). Data was collected for plant height, panicle length, days to maturity, seed weight, grain yield, and nutritional composition. Two of the ten lines, Ames 13746 and PI 614927found higher yielders across the locations and environments. Remarkably, grain yield under drought stress was significantly higher than in irrigated and rainfed environments. No significant difference between irrigated and rainfed was observed. Interestingly, drought stress did not affect the concentration of essential amino acids, although the total protein amount was slightly lower in drought stress environments. We believe that quinoa is one of the climate-smart crops as the genotypes evaluated in this study perform well under moisture-stress conditions. One manuscript has been prepared and submitted to Frontiers in Agronomy journal for publication, entiled 'Yield and nutritional responses of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoaWilld.) genotypes to irrigated, rainfed, and drought stress environments.' 2. Seed nutritional analysis revealed that total protein contents varied between the irrigated and drought stress environments; no difference was found in the essential amino acid quantity and quality (composition). Also, there was a significant variation in essential mineral element contents between the irrigated and drought environments. 3. Quinoa grain production information has been disseminated via conducting yield trials in the research farms and farmers' fields and setting a demonastration plot at Columbia Center for Urban Agriculture in Columbia, MO. 4. Economic study of domestic quinoa production, processing, and marketing is underway. 5. One graduate (MS) and one undergraduate students were trained in field crop production.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Pathan, S., Ndunguru, G., Islam, M.R., Jhumur, S., and Ayele, A. 2023. Production of quinoa leafy greens in high tunnel for season extension in Missouri. Horticulturae, 9, 209. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae9020209
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2022 Citation: Pathan, S. 2022. Quinoa: A nutrient-rich, climate smart dual-purpose new crop for grains and greens production in Bangladesh. Paper presented at the special conference at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh 11 December 2022.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Other Year Published: 2022 Citation: Sadia Jhumur. Selection of higher-yielding quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) varieties under water-limited environment MS thesis, July 2022).


Progress 05/01/21 to 04/30/22

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience(s) of this project are farmers/crop producers (especially, minority and small scale farmers), extension personnel, researchers, students and quinoa consumers. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?1. Organized field days for visitors and summer interns. 2. Publication of guide-sheet. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?1. Publication and distribution of guide-sheet. 2. Growing quinoa in farmer's field. 3. Oral and or poster presentation at local workshops/meetings and field days. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Next year (2022-2023) would be the third and the finalyear of the project. We are planning to accomplish the following items: 1. Organize a field day at Lincoln University Carver Farm during July-August, 2022. 2. Continued multi-location yield trials. 3. One graduate student will complete MS degree program. 3. Based of 2-year multilocations quinoa yield production data, planning to publish a journal article. 4. Under drought stress, yield performance of quinoa is promising. Also, planning to publish to an article. 5. Planning to publish an article on 'dual purpose use of quinoa for grain and leafy green production'.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? The reported period wasthe 2nd-year of the project and the entire periodwas coveredby the COVID-19 pandemic. The activities of the project wereslower than expected due to pandemic but the follwing are the significant accomplishments made during that period: 1. Ten promising quinoa lines were evaluated atsix different environment of Missouri including two farmers fields. 2. Analaysis of seed composition under control and drought-stressed is in progress. 3. Dissemination ofinformation to quinoa farmers/producers, seed processors, and consumers is in progress through meeting/workshops, field visits, publications. We have developed awebsite on quinoa-https://lincolnu.edu/web/extension-and-research/quinoa 4. Data collection for economic feasibility study of quinoa production is in progress. 5. One graduate student has completed MS degree program and one undergraduate student has been trained on quinoa production. 6. During the reporting period, published several articles, made oral and poster presentations at different meetings and conferences(please see products section for more information). 7. In December 2021, the NIFA Director and in February 2022, theSecretary of Agriculturevisited quinoa grains and leafy greens production facilities at Lincoln University, MO. They appreciated ongoing activities. 8. Based on our research, it looks promising that quinoa can be grown as a dual-purpose crop for the production of grain and leafy greens as a nutrient rich vegetable.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Pathan, S., and Siddiqui, R. 2022. Nutritional composition and bioactive components in quinoa greens- A Review. Nutrients, 14-558.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Pathan, S. 2021. Quinoa: a dual-use crop for grains and greens production. Tri-society Annual Meeting, Salt lake City, UT, November 7-10, 2021
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Pathan, S., and Islam, M., Ndunguru, and Jhumur, S. 2022. Growing quinoa leafy greens in high tunnel for season extension. ARD Symposium, Atlanta, GA, 2-5 April 2022.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Under Review Year Published: 2022 Citation: Islam, M. 2022. Evaluation of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) germplasm for yield and yield related traits. MS Thesis, Lincoln University, MO (accepted).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Jhumur, S., Pathan, S., and Islam, M. 2021. Selection of higher yielding quinoa varieties under water limited environment. Tri-society Annual Meeting, Salt lake City, UT, November 7-10, 2021


Progress 05/01/20 to 04/30/21

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences/users of this project outputs (production, extension and consumption) are crop growers, extesnsion workers, researchers and quinoa grain consumers. Changes/Problems:The projectwas started on May 01, 2020 and it was the pick of COVID-19. University was partially closed andresearch activities were slow down. This problem was not only for this project but all over USA and across the globe. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?A. Graduate student made a posterpresentation at Missouri Academy of Science 2021 annual meeting. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?A. Evaluation of 10 quinoa lines at four different locations of Missouri ( at research farms and at farmer's fields)under three different water regime, these arecontrol (irrigated), rainfed (depending on rainfall, no supplemental irrigation), and drought. B. Data collection form farmer's field for economic analysis. C. Training of graduate and undergraduate students.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? A. Project start date was May 01, 2020 and due to COVID-19, University waspartial shut-down. Under above situation,quinoa lines were evaluated only in two locations, in Carver fam of Lincoln University and Bradford farm of University of Missouri. B. One research technician and one graduate student has been recruitted and started working in this project.

Publications

  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Jhumur, S., and Pathan, S. 2021. Selection of drought tolerant quinoa varieties for the Mid-west. Poster presentation at Missouri Academy of Science (MSA) Annual Conference, Columbia, MO, April 24, 2021.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Pathan, S. 2020. Quinoa is an alternative healthy, nutrient-rich green vegetables. New Horizon, spring 2020 (Lincoln university CAES publication).
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Pathan, S. 2020. Quinoa greens: a promising new vegetable. Lincoln University Cooperative Extension and Research Guide Sheet LUCE GS#24-A-2020.