Progress 10/01/20 to 09/30/21
Outputs
Target Audience:Two minority undergraduate students completed their honors college thesis work in viticulture research. Muscadine grapes harvested from the established vineyard were used to extract secondary metabolites, gene expression studies, and HPLC quantification of metabolites. Grape research at the SU AgCenter was presented at the BAYOU 2021 High School summer training program, Orientation to the AG science and plant science courses. The PI has also presented the research and provided information about Pierce's disease (PD) tolerant grape cultivars in the 2021 Fall workshop. Undergraduate students from the plant science program are actively involved in vineyard management, learning to grow grapes, pruning, fertilization, sample collection, processing, and laboratory assays. The target audiences of the project are the grape growers, wineries, and grape breeders who are interested in the outcome of the research. Changes/Problems:COVID-19 adversely impacted our ability to travel to different vineyards, network with clientele and present at regional and national meetings. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The PI and project personnel have trained eight undergraduate students majoring in agricultural sciences. The students were trained in plant phenotyping, disease scouting, plant measurements including leaf area, fruiting, flowering, and yield. Two undergraduate students were mentored by the PI to complete Honors theses. Funds from the project were used to buy supplies for research and training students. The grapes planted on the campus have enabled teaching students to manage fruit crops, pruning, and provided samples for undergraduate and graduate students' research. Graduate students have also presented their work in workshops and conferences. The research plot was also used to teach high school students during the summer about growing grapes, soil nutrient management, weed, and water management. Poster Presentation Jeffery Stewart, Srinivasa Mentreddy, Karolina Mukhtar, Devaiah Kambiranda. Specific STS Gene Sequences in Vitis rotundifolia as Possible Modulators of Resveratrol (RSV) Synthesis. 10th Annual ACMAP Virtual Conference, June 24-25, 2021. Begum R, Thota S, Kambiranda D, Batra S. Urolithins rescue e-cigarette vapor condensate induced distinct histone signatures-in-vitro study. 19th Annual meeting, LBRN, LSU, Baton Rouge, Virtual Event. Begum R, Singh DP, Thota S, Kambiranda D, Batra S. Lipid raft mediated regulation of NADPH Oxidase: Vaping-induced Inflammation. 2021 SOT Annual Meeting and Tox Expo Virtual meeting, March 2021 Begum R, Singh DP, Thota S, Kambiranda D, Batra S. Urolithins rescue e-cigarette condensate induced lipid raft-mediated inflammation in lung epithelial cells. 2020 SC-SOT Virtual meeting, November 13, 2020, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS Undergraduate Students Honors College Thesis Presentation Tiffany Poydras, Anti-inflammatory effects of phytomelatonin on Cigarette smoke challenged human epithelial cells. Honor Thesis Virtual presentation May 5, 2021, Dolores Margaret Richard (D. M. R.) Spikes Honors College, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA. Christoper Amos, Detection of melatonin pathway genes in muscadine grapes, Honor Thesis Virtual presentation December 2, 2020, Dolores Margaret Richard (D. M. R.) Spikes Honors College, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The data generated from this project was presented to communitymembers, high school students, and undergraduates. The grapevines growing at the Horticultural farm were used for teaching Horticultural and plant science courses. New muscadine and PD tolerant hybrid cultivars are currently being evaluated for their suitability in the region and common diseases and pests. The information will be presented to growers in the Southern region. Oral Presentations Kambiranda D, November 2021, Growing Grapes for Fresh Fruit and Wine Production. Fall Garden Workshop. Southern University AgCenter. Kambiranda D, June 2021, Grape Research at Southern University, BAYOU Virtual High School Summer Program. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Grapevines will be monitored for grapevine diseases and common pests. A spray program will be implemented to manage the fungal diseases and common pests in bunch grapes and muscadines. Pest traps will be installed to monitor and investigate the pests. The number of flowers/flower clusters, fruit set efficiency, number of clusters/vine, and yield/vine will be determined. Three additional PD tolerant cultivars, Herbemont, Foxie Lottie and Lomanto will be planted in Spring 2022 for evaluation. Berry samples from muscadine grape cultivars and hybrid bunch grapes will be collected from four different developmental stages (Green Hard, Green Soft, Mature, and Ripe) and analyzed for Brix, pH, acidity, yeast assimilable nitrogen content, organic acids, anthocyanins, phenolics, terpenoids, tannins, and flavonoids content.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The objective of the project is to build viticulture research at Southern University AgCenter and evaluate the new and existing popular grape varietiesfor Louisiana and the Southern region. Pierce's disease (PD) tolerant American hybrids and French American hybrid bunch grapes were planted in a randomized complete block design. Grapevines planted in year 1 were winter pruned and monitored for growth characteristics. Pruning was performed by leaving the spurs with the three to five buds. The drip irrigation system was installed with a fertigation system to manage the nutrient requirement for the vineyard. Screening for mildews and other fungal diseases indicated that bunch grapes wereaffected by Anthracnose disease. Leaf and berries were displaying lesions and more than 80% of the leaves and berries were affected by Anthracnose disease. Among the hybrids, Blanc du Bois and Villard blanc were heavily infected compared to other hybrids. Highest fruiting clusters were observed in Blanc du Bois compared to other bunch grapes planted in the vineyard. An average of 10 + 3 clusters with 35 + 6 berries per cluster were present. Only one fruiting cluster was observed in table bunch grape Victoria red. Among the muscadines, Sweet jenny, Ison, Pineapple, Welder, Florida fry, Pride, Lane, Pam, and Alachua did not bear any fruiting clusters. Data was collected from muscadines, Suagargate, Janet, Tara, Carlos, Noble, Dixie red, Creek, Supreme, Magnolia, Darlene, Hall, Truimp, and Late fry. The average number of clusters per vine is 7.43 + 3.74. Highest fruiting clusters were observed in Noble, Carlos, Fry seedless, Dixie red, and Hall. The lowest number of clusters was observed in Black beauty and Janet. Average Brix ° for the muscadine varietiesranged from 10.5 + 2.64 to 21.5 + 3.5. Lowest brix was observed in table muscadines Creek, and Darlene. Commercial wine varietiesNoble and Carlos had a brix of 16.5 +2.2 and 13.7 + 0.65 respectively. Colletotrichum spp. infections were observed in Carlos and other bronze cultivars. Black rot and Angular leaf spot were the most common diseases infecting the muscadine foliage during the vintage. PD symptoms were also observed in muscadine cultivar Carlos.
Publications
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Christopher Amos, 2020, Detection of melatonin pathway genes in muscadine grapes, Honors Thesis, Dolores Margaret Richard (D. M. R.) Spikes Honors College, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Tiffany Poydras, 2021, Anti-inflammatory effects of phytomelatonin on Cigarette smoke challenged human epithelial cells. Honors Thesis, Dolores Margaret Richard (D. M. R.) Spikes Honors College, Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA
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Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20
Outputs
Target Audience:The target audiences of the project are the grape growers, wineries and grape breeders who are interested in the outcome of the research. The research findings will determine the common pests and pathogens affecting grapevines in the region and how local weather conditions will impact berry quality. The project data will aid to evaluate newly released Pierce disease tolerant Vitis hybrids and muscadine grapes in Louisiana. The research also helped to train four undergraduate students in planting, training and pruning grapevines. The project is providing experimental learning opportunities for students to improve career opportunities in horticultural sciences. Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project provided training and hands on experimental learning to undergraduate students across the College of Agricultural, Family and Consumer Sciences and the College of Science and Engineering. One undergraduate student was directly hired from the project and six undergraduates from the plant science concentration participated in the design, planting and training of the grapevines. The project also increased collaboration and cooperative research among SU faculty across the campus, growers and 1890 Universities. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The results of the project were presented to grape growers, high school students during the BAYOU summer program, freshman orientation courses to pursue career in plant science concentration and Minorities in Agriculture, Natural Resources and Related Sciences (MANRRS) students. The vines are currently evaluated for common pests and diseases during the growing season and the information will be presented to growers in the Southern region. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Grapevines will be pruned in the winter months, minimal pruning will be carried out in the first year to facilitate the development of desired vine canopy. Plant vigor and growth characteristics will be measured by counting the number of fully developed leaves per shoot after bud break,vegetative growth and vigor characteristics, trunk cross sectional area (TCSA), leaf area and leaf chlorophyll levels will be measured. Vine trunk diameter will be measured at 20 cm above the ground level using a digital caliper to determine the TCSA. Disease symptoms will be evaluated using infected leaves displaying expressions, including lesions, scorching, 'matchstick', and 'green island', will be visually ratedduring and after the growing seasons using the following scale: 0 = no symptoms; 1 = 1 to 20% leaves with scorching; 2 = 21 to 40% leaves with scorching; 3 = 41 to 60% leaves with scorching; 4 = 61 to 80% leaves with scorching; 5 = 81 to 100% leaves with scorching. Culture techniques, microscopy and PCR will be used to identify and detect the common pathogens (fungus, bacteria and virus) during the growing season. Sticky traps and universal moth traps baited with pheromones will be installed to monitor the early presence of pests and develop control measures. Data about common pathogens and pests during the growing season will be recorded and used to develop management practices and reduce pest damage. The data collected will be disseminated to growers and interested clientele via workshops, vineyard visits, and outreach.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
The aim of the proposed project is to build capacity in viticulture at Southern University Agricultural Researchand ExtensionCenter (SUAREC).To accomplish our objective we tested the soil type and nutrient status of the soil in the fall of 2019 and amended the soil with essential nutrients for healthy vine growth and management. Single wire trellis system was constructed for grapevine training. Pressure treated wooden posts were installed at twenty four feet apart for muscadines and sixteen feet apart for Vitis hybridswith twelve feet spacing in between the rows. Planting holes were enriched with compost and garden soil. Muscadine and Vitis hybridgrapes were planted in a randomized complete block design with three replications per cultivar. Muscadines, viz Alachua, Black Beauty, Carlos, Cowart, Darlene, Digby, Doreen, Florida Fry, Fry Seedless, Higgins, Hunt, Ison, Late fry, Magnolia, Noble, Pam, Pineapple, Pride, Regale, Sugargate, Sweet Jenny, Tara, Lane, Sweet Mix, Hall, Welder and eight Vitis hybrids viz. Victoria red, Villard Blanc, Blanc Du Bois, Stover, Black Spanish, Crimson Cabernet, Cabernet Franc were selected for planting based on their availability. Female cultivars were planted adjacent to the pollinators or in between the two rows of self-fertile cultivars. After planting all the side branches and shoots were pruned. Grow tubes were used to promote vertical growth and vines were supported with bamboo stakes. Weeds were controlled under the trellis using labeled post emergent herbicides. Vines were trained for vertical growth during the spring and summer and fertilized. A single stem was maintained to encourage vertical growth in the spring. Vines were checked every two weeks to remove any side branches or lateral branches to ensure the trunk is growing straight. Shoot tip of the vines were pinched near the trellis wire to promote growth of lateral cordons on both sides.
Publications
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Devaiah Kambiranda, James Obuya and Janana Snowden (July 2020). Grapevine Improvement through Biotechnology [Online First], IntechOpen, DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.91851.
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