Source: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS submitted to NRP
IMPROVING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF TREE ROOT PRODUCTION, FORM AND FUNCTION ¿¿ LINKING TRAITS WITH PHYSIOLOGY
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1020909
Grant No.
(N/A)
Cumulative Award Amt.
(N/A)
Proposal No.
(N/A)
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Oct 1, 2019
Project End Date
Sep 30, 2024
Grant Year
(N/A)
Program Code
[(N/A)]- (N/A)
Recipient Organization
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS
410 MRAK HALL
DAVIS,CA 95616-8671
Performing Department
Plant Sciences
Non Technical Summary
This project supports the mission of the Agricultural Experiment Station by addressing the Hatch Act areas of soil and water conservation use,multiple use of forest rangelands, urban forestry, andsustainable agricultureThe belowground portion of perennial plants is of vital importance to plant survival, growth and, when appropriate, yield. Many problems with perennial plants in the landscape originate belowground, either as a result of poor transplanting technique in the nursery, poor planting technique in the landscape, poor care after transplanting in the landscape and/or lack of understanding of root function and thus poor rhizosphere management. Underperforming root systems can lead to reduced rates of crop production, or, in a worst case scenario, tree failure. This program has three objectives:1. Improve understanding of tree root physiology and water & nutrient uptake in particular so that specific water & nutrient application management recommendations can be made for trees growing in managed landscapes such as orchards, but also urban areas2. Providing a better understanding of the role of vegetation in urban landscapes, quantifying the impact of urban greenery on urban climate as well as quantifying how urban climatic and soil conditions affect urban vegetation3. Improving success of perennial vegetation transplanted into the landscape by assessing the efficacy of management strategies aimed at enhancing root establishment and growth during nursery production and after transplanting into the (urban or orchard) landscape.We will collect detailed data on the impact of water and nutrient management on root production, root morphology, and physiology (water & nutrient uptake) for a range of agriculturally important tree species. This will yield increased knowledge about impact of irrigation and fertigation timing on new root production, root traits and root physiology and improvements to current crop growth models in terms of timing of irrigation and nutrient application.In addition we will evaluate urban greenery and green design solutions for specific ecosystem services. This will yield specific management recommendations that will allow urban vegetation to thrive under urban conditions and thus provide optimal ecosystem services. Finally, we will continue to quantify which media, pots, transplant practices, after transplant care etc. will provide the most stable and healthy root system during nursery production and after transplanting into the landscape
Animal Health Component
20%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
80%
Applied
20%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
1021219102020%
1111219102010%
1241219102010%
2031219102020%
2051219102020%
2061219102020%
Goals / Objectives
This program has three objectives:1. Improve understanding of tree root physiology and water & nutrient uptake in particular so that specific water &nutrient application management recommendations can be made for trees growing in managed landscapes such asorchards, but also urban areas2. Providing a better understanding of the role of vegetation in urban landscapes, quantifying the impact of urbangreenery on urban climate as well as quantifying how urban climatic and soil conditions affect urban vegetation3. Improving success of perennial vegetation transplanted into the landscape by assessing the efficacy ofmanagement strategies aimed at enhancing root establishment and growth during nursery production and aftertransplanting into the (urban or orchard) landscape.
Project Methods
Field observations, greenhouse experiments, field experiments. Root observation techniques via minirhizotron, soil coring, ingrowth coring, root observation windows. Morphological and anatomical analysis using digital imaging and microscope techniques. General physiology including gas exchange (LiCor 6400 XT, Hansatech Oxytherm, LiCor 8100), plant water potential, hydraulic conductance and growth analysis. Instantaneous nutrient and water uptake rates using stable isotopes and direct depletion techniques as well as mass balance (net uptake). Environmental monitoring using soil water content, soil oxygen, EC, temperature, radiation, and humidity probes attached to dataloggers.

Progress 10/01/19 to 09/30/20

Outputs
Target Audience:Orchard owners/managers Irrigation professionals Extension advisors Urban forestry professionals Undergraduate students Changes/Problems:Covid 19 has made it difficult to conduct any in person meetings. It has also slowed down our ability to informally start urban projects as those are mostly on a personal basis. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The project has provided training opportunities to two undergraduates, four graduate students, and one postdoctoral scholar. Two MS students graduated in December 2020 with projects related to the impact of cover crops on pear root activity and nutrition as well as a project evaluating the impact of 35 years of no-till on root distribution in a vineyard. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated at one field day (Sep 2019), the annual almond conference (Dec 2019) and presented at extension meetings (4) and a soil health meeting (1), besides the three listed scientific publications What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Two seminars at land grant institutions (Penn State University, Michigan State University) are lined up. We will present these results at the annual pear conference, pomology meeting, and several other online extension meetings, as well as organize one field day about cover cropping. We aim to produce and submit 5 manuscripts this year, two from the MS students that just finished in addition to one already accepted and one ready for submission. We expect to produce two book chapters for the almond and walnut production manuals. We have started collaborating with the UC Davis arboretum to reach our urban forestry objectives.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? We have made most progress under goals 1 and 3. We finished an experiment linking the timing of excess irrigation with damage to root production, showing that flooding reduces root lifespan mainly during periods of active root growth (spring). We finished analyzing a 3 year dataset studying the interactive impacts of root system origin (pot produced versus bare root), pruning and irrigation on post transplant growth, showing that heading at planting, as well as dormant pruning, leads to reduced deep root production. There were much smaller, intermittent, impacts of drought on root production and no impact of production method. One manuscript was written (now accepted) for California Agriculture in which we describe how additional winter flooding for recharging groundwater is very successful in recharging groundwater in moderately well drained soils with minimal impact on root production and overll nut yield in subsequent years. Two MS students graduated in December 2020 with projects related to the impact of cover crops on pear root activity and nutrition as well as a project evaluating the impact of 35 years of no-till on root distribution in a vineyard.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Poirier-Pocovi, M.D., Volder, A. and Bailey, B.N. (2020). Modeling of reference temperatures for calculating crop water stress indices from infrared thermography. Agricultural Water Management 233:106070
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Accepted Year Published: 2020 Citation: Lavely EK, Chen W, Peterson KA, Klodd AE, Volder A, Marini RP, Eissenstat DM. On characterizing root function in perennial horticultural crops. Am J Bot. 2020 Sep;107(9):1214-1224. doi: 10.1002/ajb2.1530.
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Christos Vasilikiotis , Meng Li , Jennifer E Schmidt , Anna Azimi , Joshua Garcia , Astrid Volder , Bruce Lampinen & Am�lie CM Gaudin 2020. Orchard management practices affect arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal root colonisation of almond. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture, 4, Pages 230-248