Source: STILLWATER VETERINARY CLINIC PC submitted to NRP
RURAL PRACTICE ENHANCEMENT: ADDRESSING VETERINARY SHORTAGE IN SOUTH-CENTRAL MONTANA (MT176)
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1020715
Grant No.
2019-70024-30324
Cumulative Award Amt.
$125,000.00
Proposal No.
2019-04141
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2019
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2023
Grant Year
2019
Program Code
[VSGPR]- Veterinary Services Grant Program Rural Practice Enhancement Grants
Recipient Organization
STILLWATER VETERINARY CLINIC PC
557 N MONTANA
ABSAROKEE,MT 590016329
Performing Department
(N/A)
Non Technical Summary
My VMLRP service obligation, the MT176 shortage area, is quite expansive, rural, and livestock dense. The burden of distance and inadequate facilities are hindrances to livestock's access to veterinary care and, ultimately, producers access to education. We estimate that in the outlying 30 miles beyond our regular service area there is a very significant number of cattle and sheep that are not regularly serviced by a veterinarian. Our major goal is to increase the ease of access to livestock veterinary care for our clients by providing mobile services to producers with otherwise poor or unsafe equipment for working cattle. At the same time, we will improve efficiency and reduce costs by speeding up processing such as pregnancy diagnosis, vaccinating and deworming, and bull breeding soundness exams. Mobile equipment and more substantial in clinic equipment will allow for expansion of available services and with that opportunity for quality producer interaction. We will develop more service outreach in our area and build foundation relationships with producers. With this rapport, not only will they be more likely to utilize the services offered, we will be better poised to address herd health programs, disease mitigation, biosecurity risks, nutritional and reproductive consultation. The current shortage situation will face future challenges as many regional vets will be approaching retirement. We are committed to addressing this need as well as developing safe educational enrichment for future generations of veterinarians and veterinary technicians.
Animal Health Component
(N/A)
Research Effort Categories
Basic
(N/A)
Applied
(N/A)
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
31133991060100%
Knowledge Area
311 - Animal Diseases;

Subject Of Investigation
3399 - Beef cattle, general/other;

Field Of Science
1060 - Biology (whole systems);
Goals / Objectives
The aims of the proposed effort are as follows: 1.) increase veterinary access for livestock producers, 2.) improve efficiency and reduce costs, 3.) expand consultation opportunity, and 4.) create safe and rich educational opportunities for students.Our major goal with the Rural Practice Enhancement funds will be to better address the MT176 shortage situation. We intend to more appropriately encompass the expansive area, dense livestock population, and producers that lack appropriate facilities. With options for mobile and haul-in facilities, we intend to reduce the threshold of difficulty, or excuses, that can impede handling of livestock. This would target livestock producers that find our haul-in facility too far or simply unable to haul animals. They may not personally have adequate facilities or may not have facilities at the current pasture. This equipment would be safer and more efficient than current options, allowing our veterinarians to service more animals, more ranches per day, and reduce costs for the producer.These upgrades would allow us to demonstrate a higher standard of care. Our current in-clinic chute is inadequate for the current volume of practice and modern size of cattle. Development of the haul-in facility would include the clinics own investment in site development and the proposed stationary tub, alley and tilt-hydraulic chute and a separate procedures and obstetrical manual chute. This would be a significant upgrade over the current system, allowing us to process large cattle (bulls), have multiple veterinarians performing procedures at any given time, process cattle sequentially as opposed to one at a time, and be able to perform complicated procedures with safety and efficiency. The clinic's haul-in facility would additionally be made available to producers for personal use. This would be a simple convenience that would create more opportunity for direct interaction.In order to reduce the bottleneck of equipment during the busy seasons, we intend to acquire additional pregnancy testing and semen testing equipment. This would allow for more than one veterinarian to be performing these procedures on farm during the critical and schedule dense seasonality respective to each, again improving efficiency and reducing producer costs.Our second goal is to build upon the relationships built in the first goal by taking the opportunity for improving animal health and regulatory compliance. Building and maintaining relationships is the foundation to meaningful and productive consultation. Discussions on appropriate use of antibiotics, biosecurity, nutrition, reproductive performance, and herd health would directly have significant impact on food safety and animal disease mitigation. Our clinic has already built a strong consultation arm of the practice with many producers utilizing our services weekly, monthly, yearly for individual consultation. We plan to expand this model by coordinating with federal, state, and county officials, as well as producers and regional veterinarians to have producer educational meetings focused on biosecurity risks, disaster preparedness, and food-safety.The third goal will be continuing to foster the next generation's impact on animal health and the livestock industry. The current shortage situation will face future challenges as many regional vets will be approaching retirement. We will continue to be committed to veterinary and veterinary technician student retention in rural large animal veterinary practice. SVC has a handful of students every year but will be able to accommodate more individuals with rich educational experiences as the practice continues to grow. We are excited to coordinate with veterinary and veterinary technician institutions as an approved externship or preceptorship clinic. We also are very active with regional youth organizations (4H & FFA) and hope to continue and expand on offered experiences to inspire and educate future generations.?
Project Methods
This summer, SVC will be investing into haul-in facility property improvements and if found to be worthy of grant funding, will aggressively market the availability of mobile and haul-in livestock handling equipment for veterinary clinic or scheduled producer personal use. This will be accomplished through a mail notification to current clients, social media, announcement at regional stockgrowers banquet in January 2020, newspapers, and through county extension agents within the MT176 area.Since a target audience are small, less financially stable producers, mobile facilities used with veterinary services will be offered to them at very little to no extra charge. We would also like to make available for producers' personal use, the clinic's haul-in facility in order to address animal health for small groups of livestock that would otherwise be impractical and burdensome for smaller producers. This will build goodwill and we believe this will greatly increase the opportunity for interaction with this demographic as they stop in to the clinic for product or advice.The haul-in facility will be available to producers for a nominal maintenance and cleaning fee. To prevent conflicts and congestion, scheduling of equipment for veterinary procedures and personal use will be done with our clinic scheduling software. In our practice management software, a procedure code will be developed and applied to monitor equipment usage. This will allow for reports to expound on the equipment's use, differentiating producer zip code or county, and the type and number of procedures performed. Additionally, with each use, the producer's economic background and equipment experience will be monitored with a simple anonymous survey completed in person, by phone or written form.Again, data metrics regarding new clients, area, animal numbers, mobile equipment use will be tracked using our practice management software. Student experiences tabulated from exit surveys would include perceived quality of experience with SVC and the proposed grant equipment. These surveys will be monitored in order to provide better educational experiences in the future and will also be reported throughout the project period. Our producers' livelihood is our livelihood, and we are committed to support them and invest in their success. We have a solid foundation of interaction and regular consultation with our producers. As we expand the number of serviceable livestock in our current area and create better outreach to outlying areas, we intend to build on that foundation. Nutritional consultation including feed analysis, reproductive performance consultation, complete individualized herd health program schedule management, standardized performance analysis, and animal disease mitigation are a few of the many services we offer to our clients to improve their satisfaction and reduce risk with their livelihood. These relationships also allow us to be sentinels for animal disease, food safety, and regulatory compliance.In addition to our current model of individual meetings, phone and email consultations, we also hold at least one annual client appreciation dinner with invited guest speakers to discuss animal disease and nutrition. We would like to expand these educational opportunities to include Beef Quality Assurance workshops, low stress cattle handling and branding clinics, and small group special topic workshops or "open houses". In the past we have coordinated with federal, state, and local officials to provide "reportable disease outbreak" and "disaster preparedness" workshops. These were incredibly well received by our producers. We would like to coordinate more opportunities such as these and will set a goal of adding at least 2 additional workshops or events per year throughout the project period. All meetings, workshops, and scheduled consultation program will be recorded and exit surveys will be tabulated for producers' perceived experience and value to be reported each year throughout the project period. Student mentoring is very important to us at SVC. If not for practice enrichment alone, the desire to pass on the invaluable experience that our veterinarians had during their student externships is enough to develop a rich educational experience for the students that choose to join us for a short time. We all remember specific cases, experiences and lessons learned during our time in those shoes, and I am sure that for many students out there like us, a good externship experience versus a bad one can be all that it takes to decide a prospective students perception of rural large animal veterinary practice. We currently host 2 to 4 students per year, each for 2 to 4 week externships, however our goal is to become an institutionally approved externship practice and host up to an additional 6 students per year. This would create a more formal and structured program that would allow interested students to experience the volume and scope of a rural mixed primarily beef cow-calf practice. We hope to accomplish this early in the project period and it will continue thereafter. As stated above, student experiences with be compiled and reported throughout the project period.

Progress 09/01/19 to 08/31/23

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience of the regonal (designanted shortage area) livestock producers were served with routine and emergencey veterinary care, consultation, and herd health animal disease surveilance. Changes/Problems:In the summer of 2022, our clinic suffered significant damage during a major flooding event. However we remained available and continued to provide services to our community throughout the recovery process. Due to the flooding, drastic changes in property values post COVID, and the struggle to properly staffing up to the current challenges has slowed progress toward many of the goals to the extent originally planned. When my wife and I started here in 2014, we were joining a solo practitioner that had been for 30 years. There was not then and still isn't any other multi-doctor veterinary practice doing what we do for livestock producers for another 120 -200 miles (depending on the direction). There have been many struggles and growing pains to come to where we are now, more than I ever could have anticipated. To meet this challenge, we have had to have a major overhaul on efficiency and value for time for the producer and veterinarian interactions. However, our plan does not end with the project end date. We plan to continue this path, and we could have never have possibly made it this far without the support of the VSGP RPE. Another (5th) associate DVM and more veterinary support staff are in our 5 year plan with another satellite practice and haul in facility, to better support the needs of the vast MT176, in our 10 year plan. We believe the model of staff and service that we are developing is improving and answering the shortage need for the area and that model can continue to expand to fulfill the need. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?See above for involvement with student education. We have collaborated with industry representatives and local producer organizations to provide learning labs, dinner discussion, and guest speakers on important topics to the area and industry. Earlier this year and through our local producer organization we invited a neighboring VSGP awardee to come and demonstrate techniques and aids in obstetrical work for producers using her VSGP supported life size "calving dummy" and other teaching aids. We have hosted a couple wet labs with producers where we demonstrate liver biopsy technique and then discussion with those producers as a group on the importance of mineral supplementation and the results of their volunteered sampled animals. Our internet-based phone system and cloud software has been revolutionary in our practice and our ability to respond to questions, provide consultation and make that part of the client record so that all staff and veterinarians can stay adept to current plans for that producer. We have organized procedure days in our haul-in facility to improve efficiency and decrease costs, for example bull breeding soundness exams or bangs vaccination days. This allows smaller producers to benefit from the efficiency and reduced per head cost that is usually only afforded to the larger producers with higher head counts. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?see above and previous reports What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? In accordance with the project and the needs circumscribed in the MT176 nomination, we have expanded the area and increased the volume of producers within this area that are serviced by our veterinary clinic. The availability of portable equipment has made processing, semen testing, pregnancy exams, bangs vaccination, and regulatory work far more accessible and practical for producers on either owned or leased ground that otherwise would not simply be able to do so. This has expanded the seasons to which we can pregnancy test and perform fall vaccinations. This has increased the capability to which we can process bulls (yearlings and larger herd bulls) for breeding soundness exam. Prior to the RPE project we performed approximately 400 bull BSEs per year, this year it is early in the season, and we have already processed over 1300. In 2019 we pregnancy tested approximately 20,000 head of cattle and last year we serviced over 40,000 head and nearly 3000 of that was done while offering fetal sexing services. As the expressed concern in the nomination form suggested, we have recently in the past 1-3 years been hit locally with an even greater veterinary shortage. Dr. Fahrmeier, who we had hired as an associate in 2018 partnered in with my wife and I to purchase the practice from Dr. Routen in late 2021, he then was able to retire in early 2022. Three other veterinary practices who were providing significant livestock veterinary services to the area have closed their doors in the past year due to economics, staffing, or health concerns. Dr. Rex Andersen, a friend and solo practitioner on the other side of our small town, passed away early last year. He had provided large animal services to the area for 30+ years. The RPE project has allowed us to better prepare for the worsening shortage that has been last year and will be in the future for the area. From 2020, we have averaged and increase of 20-30% of overall visits (appointments, farm calls) each year, even with the retirement of Dr. Routen. We feel we have successfully responded with the purchase of property in late 2023, renovation, and an investment ($550,000 +) and opening of a satellite practice (soft open 3/11/2023) further North from the original clinic's current location. The haul-in facility at the original clinic location and dedicated to livestock animal veterinary care for the MT176 area as outlined in the RPE proposal was a $250,000 investment by the clinic in 2020. This facility houses the RPE grant supported wide body tilt chute and a custom built obstetrical and surgical chute. This area also serves as a service and storage area for much of the other equipment afforded through the VSGP grant including the portable chutes, ultrasound, bull testing equipment and much more. We now have clients hauling as far as several hours away for us to do lameness and foot exams, breeding soundness exams on larger bulls, and service a very large number of smaller producers who do not have quality facilities for veterinary services. The facility has also been used by regional producers in need of it for their own purpose or for that of other professionals including embryologists and oocyte collection and transfer technicians. The benefit of this facility to smaller producers who do not have the means to otherwise safely handle their livestock cannot be overstated. The same concept applies to the obstetrical and surgical side of the facility, as it is unlike any other in the area. With the recent change in the dynamic of the veterinary shortage in the area, once new clients to the practice are exposed to our handling facility, they will gladly haul in routine dystocias, prolapses and C-sections knowing the ease, safety and better likelihood of successful outcomes that is accompanied by the use of the new facility. The benefit to us is that it greatly improves our efficiency by decreasing windshield time during and after hours. It is not uncommon to have 2 procedures underway with another trailer in line outside or one in route. The new satellite clinic will not take the place of the current haul in facility but provide a base of closer ranch call service or for consultation, minor procedures, biologics, medicines and other veterinary supplies. This clinic is closer to being centrally located to the service area and is closer to major highways and interstate to provide more ease of access. We have also been successful in hiring a new DVM graduate (24) that is slated to start in July of 2024. Over the course of the RPE project we have also added and retained 3 licensed or certified technicians for a total of 4. We have had over a dozen seasonal or trained on the job veterinary assistants in that time period as well. In late 2020 we hired the clinics first dedicated receptionist, converted to cloud based digital records and internet based USDA regulatory service in 2021, and in 2022 invested into an internet-based phone system that coordinates clinic phones and extensions with our DVMs personal phones to make questions, consultations and messaging between staff, producers and our veterinarians more seamless, digitally recorded, and conversations as needed can be made as part of the client's record. In 2023, large animal after-hours on call started to become so overwhelming we had to start referring all small animal emergencies to the nearest ER, an hour away because we were to often out in the field or out of service to appropriately attend to those clients needs. Last year we saw over 400 after hours emergency farm calls for producers; including dystocias, bloats, sick/scouring calves, lacerations, necropsies, prolapses, and many more. In early 2022, I became a deputized Montana state livestock brand inspector. This has no significant financial benefit to the clinic, but it does provide an added convenience for producers while doing other USDA regulatory work to procure the appropriate legal paperwork when moving livestock across county and state lines or during transfer of ownership of said livestock. In late 2021 we became an approved preceptorship practice for Auburn University and have supported a preceptor 4th year DVM student for an 8 week adjunct preceptorship each spring thereafter for a total of 3 students thus far. During this time students are exposed and evaluated in all aspects of rural mixed practice, however, these students usually choose us for the significant experience they develop with dystocias, prolapses, neonatal calf and small ruminant issues, bull and ram breeding soundness exams, and herd health consultations. We also support an average of 12 veterinary students per year for 2 week externships predominantly during the peak of fall herd work or during the spring calving period, and 2-4 high school work study students or undergrad shadowing students per year. We participate in area FFA veterinary science meets and learning events. Provide consultation and health check in serviced to county 4H fairs. We also host and attend many other student learning opportunities from elementary through high school.

Publications


    Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23

    Outputs
    Target Audience:The target audience of the regonal (designanted shortage area) livestock producers were served with routine and emergencey veterinary care, consultation, and herd health animal disease surveilance. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?see above How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?see above What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Final year but we plan to continue on the course that VGSP has enabled for us.

    Impacts
    What was accomplished under these goals? As in previous periods, food and production animal veterinary care was provided and service area expanded to fullfill the designated shortage needs. Our new Haul-in facility and portable facilities/chutes were extensively used to increase safety and ease of access to processing livestock. Multiple technician and veterinary students were provided housing at the clinic and given mentorship and hands on experinece both independently and with our adjunct faculty relationship with participating universities. Community outreach was accomplished in producer meetings, organised discussions with expert and industry speakers, participation in youth 4H and FFA programs, career fairs and local High School "school to work programs". Satelite clinic property was purchased to further serve into the shortage area than previously able to.

    Publications


      Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22

      Outputs
      Target Audience:The target audience of the regonal (designanted shortage area) livestock producers were served with routine and emergencey veterinary care, consultation, and herd health animal disease surveilance. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?See above. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?See above. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Efforts will be continued with efforts above in addition to continued expansion and satelite facilities to increase outreach and availability. Since taking ownership of the practice at the start of 2022 we have changed much of the culture and structure of our practice with credentialled staff and employment search for the hire of a new grad or experienced DVM to add to our 3 doctor practice.

      Impacts
      What was accomplished under these goals? As in previous periods, food and production animal veterinary care was provided and service area expanded to fullfill the designated shortage needs. Our new Haul-in facility and portable facilities/chutes were extensively used to increase safety and ease of access to processing livestock. Multiple technician and veterinary students were provided housing at the clinic and given mentorship and hands on experinece both independently and with our adjunct faculty relationship with participating universities. Community outreach was accomplished in producer meetings, organised discussions with expert and industry speakers, participation in youth 4H and FFA programs, career fairs and local High School "school to work programs".

      Publications


        Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21

        Outputs
        Target Audience:Livestock Producers: With the equiment acquired through this grant we we able to drastically extend veterinary services into the designated shortage area. The new portable livestock handling equipment has allowed us to provide those services to producers who either had no decent setups themselves or were on leased ground or summer pasture. This greatly improved our efficiency in what became a high workload year due to increased processing and culling of cattle due to the severe drought experienced as many producers were short on grass or hay. We were able to start much earlier in the summer on what has been traditionally seasonal fall work. the added pregnancy diagnostic ultrasound and bull breeding soundness evaluation system has allowed us to not be bottlenecked by that equipment and we were able to have multiple veterinary teams out on different operations in the designated area at the same time. As predicted, as several regional veterinarians (including my major partner in the practice)reached retirement age we have had to grow to fill their roles. The added efficiency and increased capabilites afforded by the grant equipment has helped our practice scale up in our humble attempt to fill their shoes. This included acquiring the work of a large bull stud and testing operation that over doubled the number of bulls examined by our practice in a year. Education and outreach: We have continued our involvement with local youth groups, 4H &FFA both in the community and at our practice to promote and educate about our roles as veterinarians in national food supply. We have worked with a variety of organisations and experts to provide educational oportunities and events for producers. We are also in the planning phase of cooperating with a neighboring VSGP reciepient to share resourses to provide additional educational opportunities for our livestock producers. Veterinary Students: In our commitment to the goals of the grant, we have been accepted into one major veterinary school preceptor program and are in the application process with another. in 2021 we hosted 6 veterinary student preceptors for a total of 14 weeks of on site mentorship. We have several already scheduled for 2022. Changes/Problems:The pandemic has certainly limited what we are able to do with organizing large group opportunities and more student educational opportunities. We hope that in the new year that we are able to make more progress toward those goals. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?We have formed relationships with veterinary teaching institutions as an approved preceptorship practice in their programs. We have organized educational opportunites for producers and local youth groups. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We plan to continue to spread the word in regards to the availability of our portable livestock handling equipment. This will be accomplished through planned meetings (BQA, educational, youth programs, etc), social media and other advertisments. Livestock producer "word of mouth" from producers sharing their experiences with other producers seems to be sometimes the most convincing to initiate a veterinary relationship. We also plan to host several livestock producer educational meetings covering topics to include low stress animal handling, beef quality assurance, herd health programs and antibiotic stewardship. We plan to develop more relationships with regional universities to become an affiliated practice to accommodate student externships and preceptorships.

        Impacts
        What was accomplished under these goals? As described were able to make great strides into the goals for this project. Even with the hindrances of 2020 and 2021, we were able to greatly expand our services and outreach in a safe manner. We also have formed relationships with veterinary teaching institutions as an approved preceptorship practice in their programs. We have been able to step up to the void created as local practitioners near and start retirement, including to provide the succession and take the reins of our practice as my business partner and mentor retired as of the end of the year. With this growth in services we feel fortunate that we have been able to grow our staff to be able to meet the needs, especially in a time where many businesses are having difficulty with staffing under current economic conditions. We are also fortunate and proud to have two young and eagercredentialled technicians join our rural practice team in the past 2 years.

        Publications


          Progress 09/01/19 to 08/31/20

          Outputs
          Target Audience:Livestock producers of the MT176 service area were able to benefit from the project efforts in the first year, despite delay in funding initially and then by practical hurdles created by the COVID-19 pandemic. Much in part due to the availability of portable livestock handling equipment we were able to gain access to livestock earlier on summer (non-developed) pastures. With the access to the additional service equipment (reproductive ultrasound and bull fertility testing equipment) and the gained rural access mentioned previously we were able to make substancial progress toward our primary goals: increased veterinary access for producers, improvement of efficiency and reduce producer costs, and expand animal health consultation opportunity. Unfortunately, due to complications arising from the COVID-19 pandemic we were not able to host any veterinary or veterinary technician students this year. However, we did complete renovations to the practice to allow for an additional space in the clinic and to accomodate housing for future students. We currently have several students scheduled for the 2021/2022 school year. Changes/Problems: Nothing Reported What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Nothing Reported How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Nothing Reported What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We plan to continue to spread the word in regards to the availability of our portable livestock handling equipment. This will be accomplished through planned meetings (BQA, educational, youth programs, etc), social media and other advertisments. Livestock producer "word of mouth" from producers sharing their experiences with other producers seems to be sometimes the most convincing to initiate a veterinary relationship. We also plan to host several livestock producer educational meetings covering topics to include low stress animal handling, beef quality assurance, herd health programs and antibiotic stewardship. Pending the progress of recovery from the COVID-19 pandemic we plan to develop relationship with regional universities to potentially become an affiliated practice to accommodate student externships and preceptorships.

          Impacts
          What was accomplished under these goals? Aside from the complications of COVID-19 on scheduling student externships, significant progress was made toward all major goals of the project. Our scheduled March producer appretiation meeting was also cancelled due to the current pandemic where we had intened to forcast the project with producers.However, once all equipment was aquired we were able to partner with regional extention agents and setup a formal community announcement of the project concurrently with a Beef Quality Assurance meeting/seminar on August 8th where attendees were able to inspect the equipment and discuss the project and how it benefits regional producers in detail. Also several social media announcements were made in addition to outreach to county extension, 4-H, and regional veterinarians. The first goal to increase veterinary access for livestock producers was met both by our increased access to rural outreach with portable handling equipment allotted by the project and the increased efficiency of that handling equipment along with the additional reproductive ultrasound and breeding soundness equipment. We found that our 3 bovine focused veterinarians were more commonly scheduled concurrently for bovine ranch calls. All portable units were well recieved by the community, however, of the 3 portable chutes aquired (1.) a smaller, simpler manual chute for tight manuevering into smaller setups, (2.) a combination tub/alley/manual chute as an all inclusive setup (3.) a large hydraulic chute with scales to ease larger processing volume;the all inclusive combination chute setup was the most popular producer request with the hydraulic chute a close second. Many times they were requested together while processing cows on summer pastures in areas or with producers that we had previously had little to no presence with. This has proven critical to outreach of the designated area beyond our traditional scope of practice. Many other producers have "seen the light" so to speak on how effective,safe, and efficient modern equipment can be. Given the positive producer feedback and enthusiasm toward the project, despite how late in the year our portable setups were operational (delays from initial funding, pandemic, and then aquisition/manufacturing) I am confident that they have had a great deal of impact on the livestock producers of the MT176 area. In order to accomodate the haul-in facility project equipment (tilt-chute and alleyway), the clinic has funded a facility building project that started mid September and is to be completed by end of November. This facility will house the tilt chute and obstetrical chute that will be serviced by a custom low stress animal handling inspired corrals, sorting pens, return alley. The facility will be availbe for veterinary use and also for producers who need to process small trailer loads of livestock. Moving our in house obstetrical work to the new facility will allow us to isolate the old chute building to housing and treating sick neonate calves. This will help us ensure that any new calves born in our facility are not exposed to contaminants from the sick animals. Developing partnerships with producers for the betterment of animal heath, food safety, and reducing costs has always been a goal of our practice and is aligned with the needs set forth in MT176. Any increase in exposure to the livestock community has improved our outreach and opportunity for veterinary consultation by regional livestock producers. Education of future veterinarians and veterinary technicians remains a priority. Our scheduled students cancelled their externships in 2020 due to the pandemic, however we do have students scheduled for the 2021 year. The clinic has prepared accomodations for future students on-site in order to support this goal. Students will gain experience and necessary skills needed rural veterinary practice with the goal to inspire others to contribute to this underserved sector of veterinary medicine.

          Publications