Progress 09/01/19 to 07/12/22
Outputs
Target Audience:Potato breeding and genetics community and the state/national potato industries (growers, processors and marketers). Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Each breeding program has graduate students, undergraduates, research technicians and post docs that are conducting research. During their graduate and post graduate training and research they are participating in the breeding program activities of hybridization, planting, field variety trials, disease assessment, grading of trials, post-harvest assessment, data analysis, etc. which provides practical training in potato breeding. A key training event for this period was the SCRI Polyploid Workshop. Yusef Muyideen (graduate student at UMN) traveled to NDSU program July 13, 2021 and provided training for the cut-stem technique for mass pollination for haploid extraction. At the University of Wisconsin two undergraduates, three graduate students, and a postdoc have gained experience with potato breeding and variety development. At Michigan State University two undergraduates and 2 graduate students gained experience within the potato breeding and genetics field program. At NDSU one undergraduate student and five graduate students have gained experiences in agronomic and convention breeding efforts. The NDSU project supports activities used as examples and in teaching PLSC425/625 Potato Science; 26 students completed the course (21 undergraduate, 5 graduate) as well as activities used in training summer interns (RDO/Syngenta Internship Program); spring/summer 2022. Additionally presentations were made by PIs and graduate students at the NCCC215 Breeding and Genetics Technical Committee meeting in Chicago IL and at the Potato Association of America Meeting to an audience of plant breeders and geneticists. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results from this project are reported to the state potato industries in Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and North Dakota through written reports, winter research meetings and summer field days. Information about new varieties and breeding technologies has been presented to stakeholders at several forums, including the National Potato Expo, the National Chip and Fry Processing programs of Potatoes USA, the USDA multi-state project NCCC215 (Potato Breeding & Genetics Technical Committee), the annual meeting of the Potato Association of America. Results have been presented at the North Plains Potato Growers' Association (NPPGA) and the Minnesota Area II Potato Research and Promotion Council (Area II) field days in Hoople, ND, Inkster, ND, Larimore, ND, and Becker, MN; the NPPGA and Area II joint research planning meeting in Alexandria MN, the NPPGA research reporting meeting in East Grand Forks, and the Area II short course. Results from yearly trials were reported during the NPPGA Research Reporting Conference, Michigan Winter Potato Conference and the Wisconsin Winter Potato conference in February. Additionally, results will be discussed at our upcoming Annual Field Days in the summer. Other scientific talks utilizing data collected with the support of this project were made to international audiences of plant breeders. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?
Nothing Reported
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Release of superior varieties is a major impact of the potato breeding programs. Manistee has been a key long-term storage chip potato that has had impact for the growers in the region with over 700 acres of certified seed. Being able to store until July is the new standard for chip market storage. Petoskey was recently released in 2020 and is offering scab resistance, high solids and storability until June. The combination of high solids and scab resistance is needed on the sandy loam soils. Mackinaw, with almost 200 acres of certified seed was also released and PVP protected. It offers high solids, storage until July and resistance to scab, late blight and PVY. The combination of resistance traits combined with highly desired chip market storage traits is unique among varieties. The tuber size profile of Mackinaw is also of value to the processors. Saginaw Chipper and PVP-protected Huron Chipper are finding commercial potential in the Pacific Northwest. Blackberry was released and PVP protected. It is a deep purple- fleshed specialty potato that has fresh market potential but also is being used in chip processing in Michigan. Dakota Russet, released in 2012, bulks early and rapidly, has medium maturity, produces a uniform tuber size profile, processes consistently from 45F storage, is resistant to the sugar end disorder, and is moderately resistant to Verticillium wilt, pink rot, and Pythium leak. It recently qualified for McDonald's fries which will increase its commercial impact. Dakota Ruby, released in 2014, has exceptional red skin color and snowy white flesh; attributes include a very uniform and high tuber set, resulting in high yield of A and B sized tubers. It is grown in several states for the fresh market. Dakota Dawn was approved for released (March 2022). UMN released Polaris Gold (MN04844), a long season yellow with low internal defects. Foundation seed of the chipping variety Hodag (W5955-1) was first released to seed growers in 2015, with 146 certified acres in 2020. Compared to the previous benchmark Snowden, Hodag has better tolerance to the soilborne disease common scab and will store 4-6 weeks longer. Several red varieties for the fresh market have been released in the past decade, starting with Red Endeavor (W6002-1) in 2014, which has developed a small but steady presence in Washington state over the past several years. Red Prairie (W8405-1) was released in 2016 and is gaining popularity in the North Central Region. Foundation seed of Plover Russet (W9133-1) was first released in 2017, followed by Lakeview Russet (W9433-1) in 2018. Variety development is the core function of the project. Across our four states, more than 1000 segregating populations with over 120,000 seedlings are generated each year. This leads to early generation evaluation of second, third and fourth year clones with increasing selection pressure taking into account disease testing, marker screening, agronomic performance and post harvest storage testing. After 3 to 4 years of field evaluation within each state, each clone is entered in the appropriate regional or national trials. Over 200 lines were evaluated in multistate trials. Chip processing selections participate in the National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT), which is managed by Potatoes USA, and for which Douches, Thompson, and Endelman manage test sites. Fry processing selections entered the National Fry Processing Trial (NFPT), which is also managed by Potatoes USA, and for which NDSU and UW manage test sites. Disease and pest testing is integrated with the selection stages of the breeding programs. A key impact has been the recently identified source of LB resistance is on chromosome 11, on the same haplotype as the Ryadg gene for potato virus Y resistance. In collaboration with the USDA-ARS unit in Madison, WI, we are in the process of identifying the underlying R gene using sequence capture (RenSeq) methods in both 2x and 4x populations descended from NY121. Recent variety releases from MSU, including Saginaw Chipper (2016) and Mackinaw (2018), contain this resistance. Based on published reports of field resistance in Palisade Russet (Novy et al. 2012) and Payette Russet (Novy et al. 2017), both clones have been used as parents for breeding. In 2020, we were able to determine that the source of resistance in Payette Russet is an R2 homolog (Karki et al. 2021). A haplotype-specific KASP marker for this gene was developed and is now being used for marker-assisted selection. Progress in breeding for scab tolerance has been made by conducting phenotypic selection in dedicated scab fields. information is used in determining continuation in the breeding pipeline, parental selection, and in development of cultivar specific management guidelines. At MSU both tetraploid and diploid advanced breeding lines were evaluated for scab resistance. Resistance is found across a wide range of germplasm at both ploidy levels. The Ryadg gene from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena and Rysto gene from S. stoloniferum are present in a number of elite parents used for crossing in the North Central region. In 2021 over 1000 clones have been screened for PVY resistance using KASP-based assay in the North Central region. The NC breeders are utilizing this high-throughput and cost-effective assay to characterize early generation breeding lines. At MSU a diploid S. chacoense F5 RIL population has been developed to better understand the genetics of the resistance in a more inbred background. The best inbreds were crossed to the advanced diploid clones. Selections were made for beetle resistance and used in crosses for 2022. Genomic selection: Starting in 2016, UW-Madison began genotyping 120 FY3 clones per year from the potato chip breeding program with thousands of SNP markers on a microarray. Phenotypes for total yield, tuber size (median weight), specific gravity, and fry color were collected at a single location. The same data were collected for clones from the National Chip Processing Trial (at the same location) to generate a training set of 600 clones for GS (Endelman et al. 2018). Genomic- estimated breeding values (GEBV) for non-phenotyped clones had expected accuracies of 0.5-0.7, depending on the relationship between the clone and training set. When phenotypes for the selection candidates were included (i.e., genome- wide marker-assisted selection), the expected in 2019 at UW-Madison, in conjunction with data for other phenotypes and markers linked to disease resistance. Compared to historical practice, in which clones were not typically selected for crossing until after FY5, this represents a reduction of two years for the breeding cycle. Completed validation of a new, mid-density (2K) genotyping platform for potato. UW updated and distributed genomic prediction models for the potato chip market. Diploid potato breeding: After 5 cycles of recurrent selection at MSU, 83% of the selected clones were self-fertile (Alsahlany, et al. 2021). Kaiser et al. (2021) determined that M6 is homozygous for six KASP markers spanning a 224 kb region, linked to Sli in Dutch germplasm. The transmission of Sli was appraised in a diploid recurrent selection population and in a diploid backcross population, each designed to introgress SC while improving agronomic traits. A yield trial in 2021 identified diploid selections with greater yield than the tetraploid check varieties Atlantic and Lamoka.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Alsahlany, M., D. Zarka, J. Coombs, and D. Douches. 2019. Comparison of methods to distinguish diploid and tetraploid potato for applied diploid breeding. American Journal of Potato Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-018-09710-7.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Caraza-Harter MV, Endelman JB (2019) Image-based phenotyping and genetic analysis of potato skin set and color. Crop Science, doi:10.2135/cropsci2019.07.0445
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Enciso-Rodriguez F, Manrique-Carpintero NC, Nadakuduti SS, Buell CR, Zarka D and Douches D (2019) Overcoming Self-Incompatibility in Diploid Potato Using CRISPR-Cas9. Front. Plant Sci. 10:376. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00376.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Alsahlany, M., Enciso-Rodriguez, F., Lopez-Cruz, M. et al. Developing self-compatible diploid potato germplasm through recurrent selection. Euphytica 217, 47 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-021-02785-0
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Kaiser, Natalie & Billings, Grant & Coombs, Joseph & Buell, C.Robin & Enciso, Felix & Douches, David. (2021). Self fertility and resistance to the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) in a diploid Solanum chacoense recombinant inbred line population. Crop Science. 10.1002/csc2.20534.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Kaiser, N. R., Coombs, J. J., Felcher, K. J., Hammerschmidt, R., Zuehlke, M. L., Buell, C. R., & Douches, D. S. (2020). Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Common Scab Resistance and Expression Profiling of Tubers in Response to Thaxtomin A Treatment Underscore the Complexity of Common Scab Resistance in Tetraploid Potato. American Journal of Potato Research, 97(5), 513-522.
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Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21
Outputs
Target Audience:Potato breeding and genetics community and the state/national potato industries (growers, processors and marketers). Changes/Problems:Covid restrictions limited activities with students and others, and increased travel costs to sites for harvesting, etc. It limited in person meetings and grower interaction at annual meetings/conferences as events were cancelled or held virtually including NCCC215, the NPPGA Research Reporting Conference (February 2021). What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Each breeding program has graduate students and post docs that are conducting research. During their graduate and post graduate training and research they are participating in the breeding program activities of hybridization, planting, field variety trials, disease assessment, grading of trials, post-harvest assessment, data analysis, etc. which provides practical training inpotato breeding. These same experiences occur for the undergraduates and post docs in the breeding programs. We participated in the Polyploid Workshop via the SCRI (TAMU, Jeff E, etc.). Yusef Muyideen (graduate student at UMN) came to NDSUprogram July 13, 2021 and provided training for the cut-stem technique for mass pollination for haploid extraction. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Research results from this project are reported to the state potato industries in Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota and North Dakota through written reports, winter research meetings and summer field days. Information about new varieties andbreeding technologies has been presented to stakeholders at several forums, including the National Potato Expo, the NationalChip and Fry Processing programs of Potatoes USA, the USDA multi-state project NCCC215 (Potato Breeding & GeneticsTechnical Committee), the annual meeting of the Potato Association of America. Results from 2020 trials were reported during the 2020 for the NPPGA Research Reporting Conference (virtual) February 16, 2021, and three articles were published in the Valley Potato Grower. Additionally, results will be discussed at our upcoming NPPGA Annual Field Day on August 26, 2021. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will complete the field studies, conduct post harvest assessments, summarize data for variety releaseand conduct the genomics analysis.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Foundation seed of the chipping variety Hodag (W5955-1) was first released to seed growers in 2015, with 146 certified acres in 2020. Compared to the previous benchmark Snowden, Hodag has better tolerance to the soilborne disease common scab and will store 4-6 weeks longer. Several red varieties for the fresh market have been released in the past decade, starting with Red Endeavor (W6002-1) in 2014, which has developed a small but steady presence in Washington state over the past several years. Red Prairie (W8405-1) was released in 2016 and is gaining popularity in the North Central Region. Foundation seed of Plover Russet (W9133-1) was first released in 2017, followed by Lakeview Russet (W9433-1) in 2018. Manistee has been a key long-term storage chip potato that has had impact for the growers in the region with almost 800 acres of certified seed. Being able to store until July is a market advantage. Petoskey was recently released in 2020 and is offering scab resistance, high solids and storability until June. Mackinaw was also released. It offers high solids, storage until July and resistance to scab, late blight and PVY. The tuber size profile of Mackinaw is also of value to the processors. Saginaw Chipper and Huron Chipper are finding commercial potential in the Pacific Northwest. Blackberry is a deep purple-fleshed specialty potato that has fresh market potential but also is being used in chip processing in Michigan. Dakota Russet, released in 2012,bulks early and rapidly, has medium maturity, produces a uniform tuber size profile, processes consistently from 45F storage, is resistant to the sugar end disorder, and is moderately resistant to Verticillium wilt, pink rot, and Pythium leak. Dakota Ruby, released in 2014, has exceptional red skin color and snowy white flesh; attributes include a very uniform and high tuber set, resulting in high yield of A and B sized tubers. It is grown in several states for the fresh market. Variety development scheme: Across our four states, more than 1000 segregating populations were created last year. After 3 to 4 years of field evaluation within each state, each clone is entered in the appropriate regional or national trial. Chip processing selections participate in the National Chip Processing Trial (NCPT), which is managed by Potatoes USA, and for which Douches, Thompson, and Endelman manage test sites. In 2020, there were 62 clones entered in the NCPT from the North Central Region breeders. Fry processing selections enter the National Fry Processing Trial (NFPT), which is also managed by Potatoes USA, and for which Thompson and Endelman manage test sites. In 2020, there were 6 clones entered in the NFPT from the North Central Region breeders. Late blight: Another recently identified source of LB resistance is on chromosome 11, on the same haplotype as the Ryadg gene for potato virus Y resistance. In collaboration with the USDA-ARS unit in Madison, WI, we are in the process of identifying the underlying R gene using sequence capture (RenSeq) methods in both 2x and 4x populations descended from NY121. Recent variety releases from MSU, including Saginaw Chipper (2016) and Mackinaw (2018), contain this resistance. Manrique et al. (2020) mapped a proposed R-gene on chromosome 10 derived from S. berthaultii. The next step is to develop a diagnostic SNP-based marker assay. Based on published reports of field resistance in Palisade Russet (Novy et al. 2012) and Payette Russet (Novy et al. 2017), both clones have been used as parents for breeding. In 2020, we were able to determine that the source of resistance in Payette Russet is an R2 homolog (Karki et al. 2021). A haplotype-specific KASP marker for this gene was developed and is now being used for marker-assisted selection. Other pests: Progress in breeding for scab tolerance has been made by conducting phenotypic selection in dedicated scab fields. Sixty-four genotypes across market types were evaluated for common scab in a scab screening trial conducted by NDSU; information is used in determining continuation in the breeding pipeline, parental selection, and in development of cultivar specific management guidelines. Entrants ranged from resistant to highly susceptible. Kaiser et al. (2020) using a biparental tetraploid population mapped scab resistance to chromosomes 1 and 2. Gene expression profiling of response to Thaxtomin A reveals differential expression of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and hormone signaling. The Ryadg gene from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena and Rysto gene from S. stoloniferum are present in a number of elite parents used for crossing in the North Central region. In 2020 over 1000 clones have been screened for PVY resistance using molecular markers in the North Central region. Furthermore, Intertek offers a KASP-based assay to screen for the PVY resistance markers. The NC breeders are utilizing this high-throughput and cost-effective assay to characterize early generation breeding lines. At MSU a diploid S. chacoense F2 mapping population was field screened in a beetle nursery at the Montcalm Research Center in between 2017 and 2019. A major QTL on chromosome 2 associated with leptine biosynthesis and Colorado potato beetle resistance was identified in a diploid S. chacoense F2 population using linkage mapping and bulk-segregant analysis (Kaiser et al. 2020). A F5 RIL population has been developed from this F2 population to better understand the genetics of the resistance in a more inbred background. A metribuzin screening trial was conducted in 2020 to evaluate herbicide tolerance of 32 potato genotypes, in addition to refining the proposed screening model proposed for the northern plains and including development of high throughput phenotyping using UAS. Genotypes varied in response to the post emergent herbicide application. Genomic selection: Starting in 2016, UW-Madison began genotyping 120 FY3 clones per year from the potato chip breeding program with thousands of SNP markers on a microarray. Phenotypes for total yield, tuber size (median weight), specific gravity, and fry color were collected at a single location. The same data were collected for clones from the National Chip Processing Trial (at the same location) to generate a training set of 600 clones for GS (Endelman et al. 2018). Genomic-estimated breeding values (GEBV) for non-phenotyped clones had expected accuracies of 0.5-0.7, depending on the relationship between the clone and training set. When phenotypes for the selection candidates were included (i.e., genome-wide marker-assisted selection), the expected accuracy increased to 0.7-0.8. GEBVs were used to select clones for crossing in 2019 at UW-Madison, in conjunction with data for other phenotypes and markers linked to disease resistance. Compared to historical practice, in which clones were not typically selected for crossing until after FY5, this represents a reduction of two years for the breeding cycle. Completed validation of a new, mid-density (2K) genotyping platform for potato. Updated and distributed genomic prediction models for the potato chip market Diploid potato breeding: With support from an AFRI Award 2014-67013-22434, MSU and UW-Madison have generated over 80 female-fertile dihaploids from elite tetraploid chip processing, table and russet clones. These dihaploid founders were crossed to self-compatible diploid germplasm to initiate recurrent selection for tuber traits, plant maturity, and self-fertility. After 5 cycles of recurrent selection at MSU, 83% of the selected clones were self-fertile (Alsahlany, et al. 2021). Kaiser et al. (2021) determined that M6 is homozygous for six DNA Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP)TM markers spanning a 224 kb region, linked to Sli in Dutch germplasm. The transmission of Sli was appraised in a diploid recurrent selection population and in a diploid backcross population, each designed to introgress SC while improving agronomic traits.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Alsahlany, M., Enciso-Rodriguez, F., Lopez-Cruz, M. et al. Developing self-compatible diploid potato germplasm through recurrent selection. Euphytica 217, 47 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-021-02785-0
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Kaiser, Natalie & Billings, Grant & Coombs, Joseph & Buell, C.Robin & Enciso, Felix & Douches, David. (2021). Self?fertility and resistance to the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata) in a diploid Solanum chacoense recombinant inbred line population. Crop Science. 10.1002/csc2.20534.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Kaiser, N. R., Coombs, J. J., Felcher, K. J., Hammerschmidt, R., Zuehlke, M. L., Buell, C. R., & Douches, D. S. (2020). Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Common Scab Resistance and Expression Profiling of Tubers in Response to Thaxtomin A Treatment Underscore the Complexity of Common Scab Resistance in Tetraploid Potato. American Journal of Potato Research, 97(5), 513-522.
|
Progress 09/01/19 to 08/31/20
Outputs
Target Audience:Potato breeding and genetics community and the state/national potato industries (growers, processors and marketers). Changes/Problems:
Nothing Reported
What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Each breeding program has graduate students and post docs that are conducting research. During their graduate and post graduate training and research they are participating in the breeding program activities of hybridization, planting, field variety trials, disease assessment, grading of trials, post-harvest assessment, data analysis, etc. These same experiences occur for the undergraduates in the breeding programs. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were presented to other potato breeders and geneticists at the annual NCCC215 Meeting in Chicago, IL, in December 2019. Results were also communicated to industry stakeholders at the annual winter meeting of the state potato organizations and, for national exposure, at the Potato Expo. The North Central Breeding Team manned a booth at the Expo trade show to showcase promising advancing selections and new varieties and communicated research results at the poster session. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?The research cycle is on a yearly schedule. Breeding material is advanced according to the current 2019 evaluation steps and research studies in the field and greenhouse. Publications for research are written when data is collected and analyzed.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Objective 1.The current timeline from crossing to varietal release is over 12 years. The foundation of the North Central breeding programs is the generation of segregating populations by sexual hybridization and multiple years of phenotypic selection. Across our four states, more than 1000 segregating populations were created in 2019. Due to the autotetraploid genetics of potato, the vast majority of the progeny have undesirable tuber appearance or maturity, and can be removed based on visual, single-plant selection in the first field year. In 2019, there were 61 clones entered in the NCPT from the North Central Region breeders, and 62 clones are part of the 2020 trial. Fry processing selections enter the National Fry Processing Trial (NFPT), which is also managed by Potatoes USA, and for which Thompson and Endelman manage test sites. In 2019, there were 6 clones entered in the NFPT from the North Central Region breeders, and in 2020 there are 5 clones. As there is no national trial for fresh market selections, we manage a North Central Regional Trial (NCRT) for table russets, reds, yellows, and specialty types, with all four breeders hosting test sites. In 2020, there will be 32 clones in the NCRT. Objective 2.Our breeding programs focus on market-limiting traits as a foundation for developing superior cultivars for all end uses (fry, chip, fresh market, and specialty). Many currently grown cultivars have limitations due to disease and insect susceptibility. A balanced strategy is necessary since varieties having superior disease and pest resistances, but lacking marketability traits will be unacceptable or limited in commercial use. Trials at Park Rapids, MN, included a processing trial with 15 entries, the common scab screening trial with 64 entries across market types, and the replicated screening trial for Verticillium wilt resistance (25 genotypes across market types) conducted in collaboration with Dr. Neil Gudmestad's program. Bannock Russet and Dakota Trailblazer continue to be the most resistant genotypes to Verticillium based on colony forming units of stem tissue collected at senescence but before vine death/vine kill and harvest. Promising advancing processing russet selections include ND12108CAB-3Russ, ND12109CB-2Russ, ND13103B-1Russ, ND13245C-4Russ, ND13252B-6Russ, and ND13252B-12Russ, amongst others. Late blight: MSU has been selecting for late blight resistance via inoculated field trials for many years. Based on linkage mapping (Massa et al. 2015) and genome-wide association analysis (Enciso et al. 2018), two regions appear to be mainly responsible for the LB resistance observed in elite chip clones at MSU. Recent variety releases from MSU are believed to contain the Chr 5 QTL, including Saginaw Chipper (2016) and Mackinaw (2018). To confirm this hypothesis, mapping populations derived from these clones have been generated and are under evaluation.In 2019, Payette Russet was confirmed to have strong resistance to the US-23 pathotype via detached leaf assay at UW (Karki et al., unpublished). The R gene has now been mapped and sequenced, and a KASP marker has been developed to facilitate marker-assisted selection. Other pests: Common scab is a prevalent soil borne disease in the US and the North Central Region (Loria et al., 1997; Rowe and Powelson, 2002) and is therefore an important trait for selection. MSU screened 1,540 clones for scab resistance in a dedicated scab nursery. At a commercial site with high levels of scab infection 4,200 single-hill progeny were screened for scab resistance. Potato virus Y (PVY) is a major concern throughout the US, including the North Central region. The Ryadg gene from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena and Rysto gene from S. stoloniferum are present in a number of elite parents used for crossing in the North Central region. In 2019-20 over 1,800 clones have been screened for PVY resistance using molecular markers in the North Central region. Colorado potato beetle (CPB) is the most important insect pest of potato in the U.S. A S. chacoense F4 population was screened for foliar resistance in a CPB nursery at the Montcalm Research Center, MI. Resistant selections are being crossed with self-compatible diploid germplasm. In a Verticillium wilt trial, MSZ120-4 was identified as having very little colony formation in Wisconsin. The line also has scab resistance and chip processing quality. The metribuzin sensitivity screening trial was conducted in collaboration with Dr. Harlene Hatterman-Valenti's program at NDSU; trial results are being used to validate the model developed by a previous graduate student. Ten genotypes were evaluated in addition to the controls. Only Shepody, the sensitive control, rated highly sensitive. The sugar end screening trial was the second year of a graduate student's thesis research, combining high throughput phenotyping of French fries with GWAS. Objective 3.Phenotypic evaluation of segregating populations for all of the relevant traits is time-consuming and expensive. To improve the efficiency of selection, we will also use previously validated markers to screen populations when appropriate (i.e., when the linked gene is known to be segregating). We are actively converting the original PCR-based markers, which were evaluated with gels, to more high-throughput platforms, such as KASP and iPLEX. In early 2019, we partnered with International Potato Center (CIP) to validate KASP markers for PVY resistance (Ryadg and Rysto) that will be used during this project. University of Minnesota has screened 180 FY3 clones with this technology, Wisconsin has screened 700, and Michigan has screened 1000. QTL analysis allowed us to identify and select against "wild-type" (i.e., late) alleles at the CDF1 locus on Chromosome 5. Diploid potato breeding:Thus far, four dihaploids derived from elite tetraploid North Central Region varieties have been selected for de novo genome assembly based on Oxford Nanopore sequencing and Illumina short reads for error correction. Understanding the components of self-compatibility in Solanum chacoense: The S. chacoense inbred line M6 has been used by a wide variety of potato breeding programs to introgress self-compatibility to diploid germplasm. It is hypothesized that self-compatibility in M6 is primarily conferred by the Sli locus on chromosome 12. We are utilizing a S. chacoense F2 population derived from a cross between M6 and a self-incompatible, but largely homozygous, S. chacoense line 80-1 to examine other genetic factors that may contribute to self-compatibility and examine the environmental stability of this self-compatibility. SNP genotyping of 325 self-compatible F2 individuals revealed distorted segregation not only on chromosome 12 but also on chromosome 1, which harbors the S-locus. The fact that F5 lines derived from this F2 population are still segregating for self-compatibility is further evidence that multiple genes may be involved. Thus, in addition to phenotyping, we have cloned and sequenced several candidate genes, including SRNase, hypothesized to be involved in self compatibility in the F2 population. Objective 4.Our commercialization pipeline has two main components. The first involves producing high quality breeder's seed that can be given to commercial growers for trialing. This participatory research provides valuable feedback about advanced lines and incipient varieties, and it stimulates interest from the growers and industry professionals who are early adopters.Over 1700 certified seed acres in 2019 were planted to varieties released since 2012. Although commercial acreage is not tracked by variety, the number of commercial acres can be estimated by multiplying the seed acreage by 10-15. A number of factors are driving the adoption of new varieties developed in our region, including improved agronomics, disease resistance, fresh market appearance, and processing quality.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Alsahlany, M., D. Zarka, J. Coombs, and D. Douches. 2019. Comparison of methods to distinguish diploid and tetraploid potato for applied diploid breeding. American Journal of Potato Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12230-018-09710-7.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Caraza-Harter MV, Endelman JB (2019) Image-based phenotyping and genetic analysis of potato skin set and color. Crop Science, doi:10.2135/cropsci2019.07.0445
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2019
Citation:
Enciso-Rodriguez F, Manrique-Carpintero NC, Nadakuduti SS, Buell CR, Zarka D and Douches D (2019) Overcoming Self-Incompatibility in Diploid Potato Using CRISPR-Cas9. Front. Plant Sci. 10:376. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00376.
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