Source: PURDUE UNIVERSITY submitted to
TOMATO ORGANIC MANAGEMENT AND IMPROVEMENT PROJECT (TOMI): PART II
Sponsoring Institution
National Institute of Food and Agriculture
Project Status
COMPLETE
Funding Source
OTHER GRANTS
Reporting Frequency
Annual
Accession No.
1020524
Grant No.
2019-51300-30245
Cumulative Award Amt.
$1,999,614.00
Proposal No.
2019-03080
Multistate No.
(N/A)
Project Start Date
Sep 1, 2019
Project End Date
Aug 31, 2024
Grant Year
2019
Program Code
[113.A]- Organic Agriculture Research & Extension Initiative
Project Director
Hoagland, L.
Recipient Organization
PURDUE UNIVERSITY
(N/A)
WEST LAFAYETTE,IN 47907
Performing Department
Horticulture & Landscape Arch.
Non Technical Summary
Demand for organic, locally grown tomatoes continues to increase, yet growers struggle to meet this demand due to diseases that move quickly through fields and decimate entire crops. High tunnels can help reduce susceptibility to some diseases, but can increase susceptibility to others. Copper fungicides can reduce disease severity, but can accumulate in soil and negatively impact soil and water quality. Modern hybrid varieties with resistance are available, but they lack the flavor demanded by organic consumers, and resistance in these varieties can be overcome and could increase susceptibility to other pests. This multi-state, interdisciplinary project will address these challenges by: 1) identifying factors that mediate disease suppressive activity in soil and control the efficacy of bio-pesticides in the field, 2) integrate selection for beneficial plant microbial relationships that help plants withstand disease outbreaks into a breeding program, and 3) develop new open-pollinated tomato varieties that have durable disease resistance, are adapted to local regions/production systems, and produce fruit with great flavor. Tomato growers will be actively involved in all aspects of this project, and will gain practical hands-on experience with soil health, disease management, and participatory breeding. They will also develop a strong network of researchers, Extension educators and their peers, and learn how to conduct on-farm trials to address new challenges as they arise. This project brings together a strong team of experienced organic researchers and growers from areas with thriving organic industries, with those in underrepresented areas to increase adoption of organic practices across the U.S.
Animal Health Component
50%
Research Effort Categories
Basic
50%
Applied
50%
Developmental
(N/A)
Classification

Knowledge Area (KA)Subject of Investigation (SOI)Field of Science (FOS)Percent
2121460107060%
1021460107020%
2011460108020%
Knowledge Area
212 - Pathogens and Nematodes Affecting Plants; 102 - Soil, Plant, Water, Nutrient Relationships; 201 - Plant Genome, Genetics, and Genetic Mechanisms;

Subject Of Investigation
1460 - Tomato;

Field Of Science
1070 - Ecology; 1080 - Genetics;
Goals / Objectives
Thegoals of this project are to:1) identifykey factors mediating disease suppressive soil and survival and efficacy of bio-pesticides; 2) integrateselection for beneficial plant-microbial relationships that help suppress diseases into a tomato breeding program; and 3) developnew disease resistant tomato varieties that have great flavor and are best adapted to local farming systems using genomic selection and a participatory breeding approach.
Project Methods
Focus area #1: Increase biological control of pathogens by improving soil health and bio-pesticide efficacy in the field The objectives of this focus area are to: 1) identify soil properties and management practices that promote disease suppressive soils, and 2) identify factors affecting the survival and proliferation of bio-pesticides in field environments. To accomplish these goals, we will quantify difference in soil chemical properties and soil microbial communities at all on-station and on-farm trials, and determine how these factors affect the potential for these soils to help plants withstand soil-borne and foliar pathogens. This data will be compared with management practices employed at each site, to identify which practices are most likely to contribute to pathogen dynamics. On-station and on-farm field trials will be conducted in diverse environments across IN to determine how the presence of resident soil and phyllosphere microbial community structure and application of leaf mold compost, affect the survival and efficacy of one soil- and one foliar-applied bio-pesticide. These studies will be co-led by Hoagland and Egel, with support from Jaiswal and a graduate student (TBD).Focus area #2: Integrate selection for induced systemic resistance (ISR) into breeding programs The objectives of this focus area are to: 1) identify tomato genotypes most responsive to ISR for use in breeding and epigenetics studies, and 2) identify epialleles associated with ISR expression and determine the extent to which they are passed to progeny via selection and production in diverse ecoregions. To achieve these goals, tomato genotypes will be evaluated for ISR responsiveness using methods developed in TOMI I, and subject to ChiPSeq analysis to identify epialleles, and GBS sequencing to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with ISR responsiveness. Progeny derived from this genotype will be evaluated for ISR responsiveness after four years of selection within five distinct ecoregions, and the data will be combined with soil analyses to determine the extent to which soil properties affect selection for this important trait. These studies will be co-led by Hoagland, Mengiste and Jaiswal.Focus area #3: Select new disease resistant tomato varieties best adapted to local, organic farming systems using genomic selection and a participatory approach. The objectives of this focus area are to: 1) develop improved tomato varieties with durable disease resistance, marketable yield and flavor using a participatory breeding approach, and 2) analyze the stability and regional adaptation of tomato breeding populations developed in unique ecoregions across the U.S. To achieve these objectives, we will select from segregating breeding populations in on-farm and on-station breeding trials across the U.S. in collaboration with growers, and predict the performance of new crosses based on traditional and genomic prediction methods. The relative stability and specificity of varieties, populations, and traits, including ISR responsiveness, will be analyzed in divergently selected tomato populations. Colley, Zystro and McKenzie will lead the participatory breeding aspects of these studies with input from Gu, Davis, Dawson and Myers in their respective ecoregions, and Dawson and Myers will lead the genomic selection and stability analysis component of the project.

Progress 09/01/19 to 08/31/24

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this project included organic and conventional vegetable growers, marketers, and consumers; personnel at vegetable seed companies and organic biopesticide companies; scientists and students in horticulture, plant breeding, plant pathology, and soil science; as well as Extension educators and others involved in outreach to vegetable growers such as personnel at the NRCS and SWCD. In all cases, efforts were made to reach underrepresented audiences in agriculture, such as racial and ethnic minorities, by including faculty and staff from an 1890's land grant institutions and students/staff from many countries and backgrounds worldwide in our research and outreach activities. Changes/Problems:Many of our field trials and some greenhouse and lab trials were delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and this greatly reduced our capacity to conduct outreach activities for several years. However, over the past two years, we were able to make up for these delays and achieve our goals with our one-year extension of the project. Our breeding program has also not advanced as rapidly as we'd hoped since our germplasm did not do as well in the Midwest. However, we have identified new ways to overcome this challenge, including focusing on more regional breeding programs, for our new efforts in TOMI3. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Our interdisciplinary research project provided many opportunities for training and development for undergraduate and graduate students, post-docs, as well as principal investigators and key personnel. Effectively tackling production challenges in agriculture systems requires that scientists take an interdisciplinary approach, and this project allowed project PI's and key personnel to strengthen their skills in this area. For example, plant breeders learned more about soil microbiology and plant pathology, soil microbiologists learned more about plant pathology and plant breeding, and plant pathologist learned more about plant breeding and soil microbiology, and all learned how to work effectively as part of an interdisciplinary team. In addition, the project PI's and key personnel improved their outreach skills and mastered new techniques, such as how to develop and deliver webinars. Many undergraduate students participated in field, greenhouse and laboratory activities associated with this project, gaining valuable experience in how to conduct research, as well as deepening their understanding of soil science, pathology, plant breeding, fruit sensory analyses and seed production. Several of these students have the leveraged skills they gained through their participation in this project by gaining acceptance into graduate programs and professional internships in industry. Graduate students and post-docs who conducted studies as part of this project also strengthened their research skills as well as knowledge in these three interrelated scientific disciplines. Moreover, they strengthened their communication skills by participated in field days, presentations at scientific and grower-oriented meetings, and publication of results in scientific and extension manuscript. Several graduate students associated with this project have gone onto to post-docs or professional positions. Finally, the project PI, Dr. Lori Hoagland, gained valuable leadership skills by managing this large, multistate, interdisciplinary project. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results of this project have been disseminated broadly via our project website, which was regularly updated to reflect events including webinars broadcast via eOrganic, field days, workshops and presentations at scientific and grower-oriented meetings. Since establishment, our website has received at total of 9,490 views. During TOMI2, we conducted 8 webinars, which are archived on our website and have received a total of 8,127 views total (including in-person attendance during recording; and our previous 8 webinars from TOMI1 received 5,526 views during the TOMI2 period; during TOMI1 In total 684 attended and they received an additional 7,549 during TOMI 1). We delivered 4 interviews or podcasts during TOMI2 (attendance/# listening to recordings unknown); we put on 6 workshops with 950 in attendance, gave 7 presentations at academic conferences reaching 400, gave 35 presentations at grower-oriented meetings reaching 2,540, and put on 32 field days with 2,353 in attendance. In total, we estimate we have reach at least 20,016 people with our events during TOMI2 alone. During all of these events, growers, Extension and industry personnel, and students gained new skills in soil health, disease management, plant breeding and seed saving, and learned about the results of our projects. Results of our TOMI2 project have also been summarized in six scientific manuscripts and five extension publications to date, which have likely reached many of our stakeholders as well. Finally, results of our TOMI2 project were disseminated via blogposts and articles on the Organic Seed Alliance (OSA) webpage, and the Hoagland Soil Microbial Ecology website. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Nothing Reported

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Goal #1: Identify key factors mediating disease suppressive soil and survival and efficacy of bio-pesticides: We conducted a diverse set of field, greenhouse and laboratory trials aimed at identifying composts, along with what factors about them (ie. feedstocks and processing conditions), influence their capacity to support beneficial microbes with pathogen suppressive activity and reduce the severity of foliar diseases in tomato. This included efforts to characterize the microbiomes of these composts, and how they alter the composition and functional capacity of soil and tomato root and foliar microbiomes. At the same time, we conducted several trials aimed at understanding how these soil amendments alter tomato root exudate profiles with the goal of better understanding why tomato genotypes differ in their responsiveness to induced systemic resistance (see objective 2). Results of these trials have been summarized in one graduate student thesis and several undergraduate theses, presented at national meetings, and summarized in scientific publications. In the final year of the project, we also conducted studies investigating the potential for nanoemulsions derived from essential oils to suppress foliar disease in tomato. Given positive results, we conducted follow up studies aimed at quantifying how these nanoemulsions altered tomato microbiomes and plant defense responses using RNA-seq to better understand the mechanisms. Results of these final trials have been presented at national meetings and summarized in a scientific publication that is currently under review. Finally, results and practical implications were shared broadly at various grower-oriented venues. Goal #2: Integrate selection for beneficial plant-microbial relationships that help suppress disease into a tomato breeding programs: During TOMI1, we determined that tomato genotypes vary in their capacity to support beneficial soil microbes that can induce systemic resistance and therefore, reduce the severity of diseases caused by foliar pathogens. During TOMI2, we investigated mechanisms responsible for these differences with the long-term goal of integrating selection for this beneficial trait into our tomato breeding program (see Obj. 3). First, we completed an RNA-seq experiment where we identified physiological and defense pathways that are up or down regulated in a responsive vs. unresponsive genotype. Next, we conducted trials to quantify the composition of root exudate profiles (or root metabolomes) and root microbiomes in the same most responsive and non-responsive genotype to understand how these important traits influence ISR responsiveness. We identified specific compounds released, as well as a set of bacteria and fungi that are recruited by the plant and act synergistically to induce tomato defense responsiveness. Results of the both studies were summarized in scientific publications and are currently in review. To build upon these studies, we crossed responsive and unresponsive genotypes with the goal of creatin five recombinant inbred lines (RILs) that will allow us to better understand the mechanisms responsible for ISR-responsiveness and identify genetic markers that can be used to screen segregating breeding populations. While the RILs were under development, we completed two studies evaluating large F2 populations investigating whether we could use genomic prediction models to select for the critical traits associated with responsiveness to ISR. To prepare for these studies, first we developed protocols to clone individual plants since plants in the F2 population were segregating and we needed clones that were genetically identical plants to inoculated or not, with our model ISR inducer. In the first experiment, we quantified ISR-responsiveness alone. In the second experiment using a cross with a wild genotype that is most highly responsive, we also quantified root metabolomes and root microbiomes to learn more about the mechanisms and identify markers for these important traits which could also influence other benefits such as resistance to soil-borne pathogens and nutrient and water acquisition. Results are being summarized in preparation for publication within a doctoral dissertation and in several scientific publications. We completed trials investigating whether induced systemic resistance (ISR) can be transmitted to progeny via epigenetic changes; follow up studies using ChlP-seq are underway to better understand the mechanisms are underway. Finally, we conducted studies to determine if ISR-responsiveness be transmitted from responsive rootstocks to non-responsive scions via grafting. These studies will also allow us to further understand the mechanisms behind genetic differences in ISR responsiveness, and if it works, enhance resistance to foliar pathogens now by grafting valuable scions onto responsive rootstocks that do not contain desirable fruit quality traits. Goal #3: Develop new disease resistant tomato varieties that have great flavor and are best adapted to local farming systems using genomic selection and participatory breeding: During the course of TOMI2, we continued to advance breeding lines developed in TOMI1, and made several new crosses using germplasm we knew was more responsive to ISR (see Obj. 2), and material from Cornell with resistance to early blight and Septoria leaf spot, and good flavor. The goal has been to integrate methods aimed at pyramiding multiple qualitative and quantitative sources of resistance and other important traits like flavor. Initial crosses were made at OSU, and evaluated and advanced in field trials across the country (WA, CA, OR, WI, and in two locations in NC).. Seed was saved at each site based on performance from selected individual plants in selected families. Each year data were and reviewed to support decisions around which families to advance in subsequent trials. We also used existing genetic markers each year to screen from segregating populations and advance lines with the best traits. We identified alleles in these populations and determined whether resistance requires the resistance allele to be homozygous or if it also works in a heterozygous state. We began validating the markers for Septoria resistance and obtaining enough data to determine the dosage effect (whether heterozygous lines show sufficient resistance to be commercially viable, or whether homozygosity for the resistant allele is required). Preliminary results show that one of the Septoria resistance QTL must be homozygous for the resistance allele while the other shows dominance and can be effective in the heterozygous state. For the early blight markers, one was not showing significant differences between classes, which may be due to having a mild year for early blight infection, or to the change in genetic background making the marker less tightly linked to the putative QTL. The second early blight marker was not polymorphic in Midwest germplasm and so we are working to develop a marker that will be polymorphic in our germplasm and still tightly linked to the QTL. Segregation ratios for F2 progeny of crosses where one parent had that putative QTL did display the expected patters for a major effect gene, but the marker we have is not segregating. We conducted a greenhouse assay with Wisconsin isolates of early blight to determine whether we could overcome heterogeneous field infection to determine the dosage effects of the first resistance source, and develop a second marker more tightly linked to the resistance allele from the second source. Advanced lines from our breeding program are currently being evaluated by commercial seed companies for consideration of release. If the varieties are release, we will obtain PVP and patent them to help support our long-term breeding efforts. Other advanced breeding lines will continue to be evaluated and advanced in TOMI3.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2024 Citation: Luis, M., Jaiswal, A., Mengiste, T., Myers, J., Hoagland, L., (in review). Identification of mechanisms mediating induced systemic resistant in wild vs. domesticated tomato using RNA-seq. Phytopathology
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2024 Citation: Luis, M., Johnson, L.D., Vega-Vasquez, P., Ristroph, K., Hoagland, L., (in review). Use of cinnamon essential oil nanoemulsions to manage gray mold in tomato. Plant Disease
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Under Review Year Published: 2024 Citation: Feiler, H., Jaiswal, A., Cooper, B., Myers, J., Hoagland, L., (in review). Tomato genotypes responsive to induced systemic resistance harbor a distinct metabolome and support a diverse assortment of other beneficial microbes. New Phytologist
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Egel, D., Hoagland, L., Davis, J., Marchino, C., Bloomquist, M. 2019. Efficacy of organic disease control products on common foliar diseases of tomato in field and greenhouse trial. Crop Protection, 122, p. 90-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2019.04.022
  • Type: Other Status: Under Review Year Published: 2024 Citation: Salinas, C., Luis, J.M., Hoagland, L., (in final prep). Managing beneficial and pathogenic microbes in tomato seeds. eOrganic extension publication
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: McKenzie, L. and Zystro, J. 2021. Tomato Seed Production Guide. Organic Seed Alliance. https://seedalliance.org/publications/tomato-seed-production-guide/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Egel, D., Jaiswal, A.K., Abdelrazek, S., Hoagland, L., 2019. Managing diseases of tomato in the Midwest using organic methods. https://eorganic.org/node/33835
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Jaiswal, A.K., Mengiste, T., Myers, J., Hoagland, L., 2019. A look on the wild side of tomato plants to tackle biotic stress. International Society for Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions 18th Congress, Glasgow, Scotland (poster abstract)
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Erica Cortez (Post-Bachlorette Program) Sep. 2022-May 2023 Project: Quantifying mechanisms associated with disease suppressive composts
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: 2023  Efficacy of fungicides for organic tomato production https://newcropsorganics.ces.ncsu.edu/2023/10/efficacy-of-fungicides-for-organic-tomato-production/
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2021 Citation: Silenze Silvae Benjamin (Purdue, FNR Dept.) January 2020-August 2021 Project: Quantifying the effects of rising atmospheric carbon dioxide levels on induced systemic resistance against foliar disease in tomato
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Chengxuan Zhang (Purdue, Biology Dept.) January 2019-August 2020 Project: Changes in rhizosphere microbial community structure and susceptibility to foliar pathogens in tomato grown in different organic potting media
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: 2019 - Spring at the Research Farm. K. Miller Organic Seed Alliance.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Jaiswal, A.K., Mengiste, T., Myers, J., Hoagland, L., 2019. Does the tomato domestication process alter plant interactions with above-ground pathogens and below-ground beneficial microbes? American Phytopathology Society Annual Meeting, Cleveland, OH (poster abstract)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2020 Citation: Hoagland, L., Colley, M., Dawson, J., Davis, J., Egel, D., Gu, S., Myers, J., Zystro, J, 2020. Leveraging beneficial microbiomes to help suppress diseases in organic tomato production systems. American Association of Horticulture Science Annual Conference (poster abstract)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Davis, J., 2024. Tomato organic management and improvement project (TOMI). Winter Vegetable Conference, Asheville, NC (poster abstract)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Luis, M., Vega-Vanzquez, P., Wei, X., Johnson, L., Jin, J., Ristroph, K., Hoagland, L., 2024. Assessing the effect of essential oil nanoemulsions against tomato gray mold using hyperspectral imaging. NAPPN Conference, West Lafayette, IN (poster abstract)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Hoagland, H., Blevins, M., Bloomquist, M., Carvallo, A., Coffey, P., Colley, M., Davis, J., Dawson, J., Davis, J., Egel, D., Feiler, H., Gu, S., Jaiswal, A., Learn, K., Luis, M., McCluskey, C., Mengiste, T., Myers, J., Qu, L., Salinas, C., Richardville, K., Zystro, J., 2024. Agronomy, Crop Science, Soil Science Societies International Meeting, San Antonio, TX. (poster abstract)
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2024 Citation: Feiler, H., Jaiswal, A.K., Cooper, B., Myers, J., Hoagland, L., 2024. Understanding the impact of tomato domestication on rhizosphere metabolites and root microbiomes. Agronomy, Crop Science, Soil Science Societies International Meeting, San Antonio, TX. (poster abstract)
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Under Review Year Published: 2025 Citation: Feiler (expected May 2025). Genetic markers associated with root microbiome and metabolome and responsiveness to induced system resistance in tomato


Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this project includes organic and conventional vegetable growers, marketers, and consumers; personnel at vegetable seed companies and organic biopesticide companies; scientists and students in horticulture, plant breeding, plant pathology, and soil science; as well as Extension educators and others involved in outreach to vegetable growers such as personnel at the NRCS and SWCD. In all cases, efforts were made to reach underrepresented audiences in agriculture, such as racial and ethnic minorities, by including faculty and staff from an 1890's land grant institutions and students/staff from many countries and backgrounds in our research and outreach activities. Changes/Problems:Many of our field trials and some greenhouse and lab trials were behind due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and we were behind on our outreach activities because of this as well. However, over the past year we have been able to make up for these delays and achieve our goals with our one-year extension of the project. Our breeding program has also not advanced as rapidly as we'd hope since our germplasm did not do as well in the Midwest as we had hoped. However, we are exploring new ways to overcome this challenge, including bringing in new germplasm from other programs. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?One post-doctoral research associates, several graduate and undergraduate students, and visiting scholars continued to build their knowledge and skills needed to conduct greenhouse, lab, and field trials associated with soil health, disease dynamics and plant breeding. Students also gained skills presenting and publishing the results of their research trials How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were communicated to stakeholders across the country during field days, scientific and grower-oriented conferences, and virtual meetings (ie. webinars). Results are also being summarized in peer-reviewed publications. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue conducting laboratory, greenhouse and field trials to meet the objectives in our three focus areas. This will include on-going efforts to quantify critical factors responsible for generating disease suppressive soils, integrate ISR into tomato breeding programs, and screen for foliar pathogen resistance using genetic markers and visual observations. We expect to submit at least 3 scientific publications covering results of our research in the next year.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Goal #1: Identify key factors mediating disease suppressive soil and survival and efficacy of bio-pesticides: We have continued conducting trials to identify composts, and what factors about them (ie. feedstocks and processing conditions), influence their capacity to support beneficial microbes with pathogen suppressive activity and reduce foliar diseases in tomato. This has included efforts to characterize the microbiomes of these composts, asw how they alter soil and tomato root and foliar microbiomes. Trials were conducted in the greenhouse, field, and in Purdue's new controlled environment phenotyping facility. At the same time, we have been conducting trials to understand how these soil amendments alter root exudate profiles with the goal of better understanding why tomato differ in their responsiveness to induced systemic resistance (see objective 2). Preliminary results of these trials have been summarized in student thesis and presented at national meetings. New studies investigating the potential for nanoemulsions derived from essential oils to suppress foliar disease in tomato were initiated, along with studies to quantify how these nanoemulsions alter tomato microbiomes, and what role this could have in the pathogen suppressive activity observed. Goal #2: Integrate selection for beneficial plant-microbial relationships that help suppress disease into a tomato breeding programs: We completed trials investigating whether induced systemic resistance (ISR) can be transmitted to progeny via epigenetic changes. Since we do have evidence that indeed, this induction can be transmitted to progeny via seed, follow up studies to better understand the mechanisms are underway. We also continued to advance the development of four recombinant inbred lines (RILs) that were designed to help us identify markers and mechanisms associated with ISR responsiveness. For this project, we also optimized our protocols to quantify ISR responsiveness in the F2 populations from the crosses used to generate these RILs, so we can determine whether we can identify markers to predict selection for this trait, which was make it much easier and more efficient to integrate into breeding programs. This included identifying protocols to clone individual plants since plants in the F2 population are segregating and we need clones to compare genetically identical plants inoculated or not with our ISR inducer (Trichoderma harzianum). Next we evaluated ISR responsiveness in one of our F2 populations developed from our crosses to create RILs in the greenhouse using our new protocol. Plant tissues were collected from each of the individual plants in the population, DNA was extracted and PCR amplified, and the products are now being sequenced using a genotype by sequencing (GBS) approach at the University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Center. We also initiated new trials using grafting to determine if the ISR signal can be transmitted from responsive rootstocks to non-responsive scions. This will also allow us to further understand the mechanisms behind genetic differences in ISR responsiveness, and if it works, enhance resistance to foliar pathogens now by grafting valuable scions onto responsive rootstocks that do not contain desirable fruit quality traits. Finally, we have followed up with trials investigating differences in root exudate profiles between -ISR responsive and non-responsive genotypes, with the goal of understanding how these important mediators of root microbiomes play a role in ISR responsiveness, as well as how whole microbiomes rather than just the inducer we have been testing are involved in this phenomena. Goal #3: Develop new disease resistant tomato varieties that have great flavor and are best adapted to local farming systems using genomic selection and participatory breeding: We have continued to advance crosses from our breeding program and evaluate the progeny in field trials across the country. In 2023 trials of the TOMI tomato breeding populations were conducted in WA, CA, OR, WI, and in two locations in NC. These trials were randomized complete block designs and included 8 F4 breeding populations advanced from previous generations, two early blight resistant breeding lines from Cornell University, and two commercial standard check varieties. Data recorded as part of the trials included transplant survival; growth habit; disease incidence and severity when observed for Septoria leaf spot, late blight, early blight, bacterial speck, bacterial spot, and verticillium; marketable and unmarketable count; marketable and unmarketable weight; flavor; Brix; and acidity. Photos and descriptive notes were taken. Seed was saved at each site based on performance from selected individual plants in selected families. Data are being compiled and reviewed to support decisions around which families to advance to 2024 trials. Due to the poor performance of many lines in the midwest for resistance to septoria and early blight (we have particularly bad disease pressure here), we are exploring methods of pyramiding multiple qualitative and quantitative sources of resistance. In addition, many varieties released with some resistance in other regions have poor flavor under our conditions and so new varieties combining better flavor and disease resistance need to be developed if Midwestern organic farmers are to benefit from them. In partnership with Martha Mutchler (Cornell University, Emeritus) and Mark McCaslin (Frogsleap Farm), we have been testing new sources of major gene resistance to Septoria leaf spot and early blight. These sources of resistance were identified by Martha Mutchler and incorporated into commercially viable germplasm at Cornell. We have used these sources of resistance in crosses designed for the upper midwest and are testing molecular markers designed to track the resistance alleles in these populations and determine whether resistance requires the resistance allele to be homozygous or if it also works in a heterozygous state. We conducted our first field trial in 2022 and repeated the experiment in 2023, focused primarily on validating the markers for Septoria resistance and obtaining enough data to determine the dosage effect (whether heterozygous lines show sufficient resistance to be commercially viable, or whether homozygosity for the resistant allele is required). Preliminary results show that one of the septoria resistance QTL must be homozygous for the resistance allele while the other shows dominance and can be effective in the heterozygous state. For the early blight markers, one is not showing significant differences between classes, which may be due to having a mild year for early blight infection, or to the change in genetic background making the marker less tightly linked to the putative QTL. The second early blight marker was not polymorphic in Midwest germplasm and so we are working to develop a marker that will be polymorphic in our germplasm and still tightly linked to the QTL. Segregation ratios for F2 progeny of crosses where one parent had that putative QTL did display the expected patters for a major effect gene, but the marker we have is not segregating. We conducted a greenhouse assay with Wisconsin isolates of early blight to determine whether we could overcome heterogeneous field infection to determine the dosage effects of the first resistance source, and develop a second marker more tightly linked to the resistance allele from the second source.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Kemble, J.M., senior editor. (multiple authors from the Southeast, including J.M. Davis) 2023. Southeastern US Vegetable Production Handbook.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Egel, D., Adair, A., Hoagland, L., 2023. Efficacy of selected fungicides listed for organic production for tomato disease management. https://eorganic.org/node/35737
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: Feiler, E., Sanchez, M., Hoagland, L., 2023. Relationship between compost microbiome and induction of induced systemic resistance in tomato. Agronomy, Crop Science, Soil Science Societies International Meeting, St. Louis, MO.
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Submitted Year Published: 2024 Citation: Naomy Perez (Zamorano University) Senior Thesis Project: Microbiome changes associated with tomato grafting
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2024 Citation: Esteban Villamizar (National University of Colombia-Bogota) Senior Thesis Project: Can grafting on wild rootstocks transfer induced systemic resistance in tomato
  • Type: Websites Status: Published Year Published: 2023 Citation: 2023  Efficacy of fungicides for organic tomato production https://newcropsorganics.ces.ncsu.edu/2023/10/efficacy-of-fungicides-for-organic-tomato-production/


Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this project includes organic and conventional vegetable growers, marketers, and consumers; personnel at vegetable seed companies and organic biopesticide companies; scientists and students in horticulture, plant breeding, plant pathology, and soil science; as well as Extension educators and others involved in outreach to vegetable growers such as personnel at the NRCS and SWCD. In all cases, efforts were made to reach underrepresented audiences in agriculture, such as racial and ethnic minorities, by including faculty and staff from an 1890's land grant institutions and students/staff from many countries and backgrounds in our research and outreach activities. Changes/Problems:Many of our field trials and some greenhouse and lab trials are behind due to the COVID-19 pandemic preventing us from making progress during 2020. However, we have since been able to get back on track with most of our research activities. We are also behind in conducting many of our outreach activities, but expect to be able to ramp back up over the next year. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Several post-doctoral research associates, graduate students, undergraduate students, faculty and staff learned how to conduct greenhouse, lab, and field trials associated with soil health, disease dynamics and plant breeding. Students also gained skills presenting and publishing the results of their research trials. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were communicated to stakeholders during field days, scientific and grower-oriented conferences, and virtual meetings (ie. webinars), though we have still not been as active in these events as planned due to some continued restrictions associated with the COVID pandemic. However, we expect to be back at full capacity during 2023. Results were also formally published in one peer-reviewed journal article, and several additional articles are in preparation and will be submitted for publication in 2023. Finally, the results of several of our recent publications were picked up by the popular press and further reported by others and via media interviews. (see other products and other products/outputs sections for further details) What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue conducting laboratory, greenhouse and field trials to meet the objectives in our three focus areas. This will include on-going efforts to quantify critical factors responsible for generating disease suppressive soils, integrate ISR into tomato breeding programs, and screen for foliar pathogen resistance using genetic markers and visual observations. We expect to submit at least 3 scientific publications covering results of our research in the next year.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Goal #1: Identify key factors mediating disease suppressive soil and survival and efficacy of bio-pesticides: Several greenhouse projects were conducted to evaluate the potential for 10 different types of compost amendments to boost tomato growth and induce systemic resistance (ISR) against foliar pathogens (ie. Botrytis cinerea) in tomato plants. Follow-up experiments were conducted in the laboratory to identify microbial communities present in the compost and/or stimulated in the soil in response to the compost that could have contributed to the plant growth promoting and pathogen suppressive capabilities of some composts using culture dependent and independent assays, and various bioinformatic and statistical programs. Individual microbial isolates that could be cultured from the roots of plants in these studies were also subject to laboratory assays to quantify their pathogen suppressive capabilities. Soils from 18 farms across the state of Indiana were also characterized using a range of soil physical, chemical and biological assays, and the pathogen suppressive capabilities of these soils was evaluated using microcosm studies in the laboratory. Follow-up studies to quantify relationships between soil management practices, soil characteristics, and pathogen suppressiveness are underway. Goal #2: Integrate selection for beneficial plant-microbial relationships that help suppress disease into a tomato breeding programs: We have continued to conduct follow-up studies from ISR responsive and non-responsive germplasm identified in TOMI1 to identify mechanisms responsible for the variability in the ISR response. This has included greenhouse and laboratory assays to quantify differences in root metabolomic profiles and how this correlates with the capacity to recruit and host individual microbial taxa in tomato roots that can directly suppress pathogens via antibiotic/antifungal capabilities, and indirectly via ISR. We have also evaluated results of our RNA-seq studies and determined that auxin and flavonoid pathways are critical to ISR-responsiveness. Finally, we determined that in some genotypes, the ISR response can be transferred to the plant's offspring, and this appears to be related to changes in global methylation. Plant material from these studies was submitted for Whole-Genome Bisulfide sequencing to determine which genes are methylated. The results of these studies have important implications for future efforts to breed for this treat, and propagate seeds with better disease resistance. In an effort to begin actively breeding for ISR, we conducted preliminary trials using tomato genotypes in our new TOMI2 breeding programs. Lines that had varying ISR responses when first inoculated with Trichoderma harzianum to induce ISR, then challenged with either of the pathogens Botrytis cinerea or Phytophthora infestans were selected for further studies. In particular, six lines were selected and crossed to produce four populations. These are Mountaineer Pride x LB21-7-4, Mountaineer Delight x LB21-7-4, NC1LF x OSU1815 and Thatchmore Farm 18F1 x LB21-7-4. The first two crosses were created to study the ISR response to B cinerea, where LB21-7-4 shows a positive ISR response and Mountaineer Pride and Delight show negative responses. The second two crosses were created to study the ISR response to P. infestans. In this case, Thatchmore Farm 18F1 and OSU1815 both have positive ISR responses while NC1LF and LB21-7-4 have negative responses. The F1 was advanced to the F2 generation in 2021. From these, 175-190 individuals per population were selected and advanced by single seed descent (SSD) to the F3 generation during the spring and summer of 2022. We did suffer some plant loss in the greenhouse due to B. cinerea infection, but plants were replaced during summer 2022 from remnant seed. The final production from all of the replants are expected to be harvested for F4 seed in January-February 2023. Total number of F4 individuals generated is expected to be ~200 NC1LF x OSU1815, ~180 Thatchmore Farm 18F1 x LB21-7-4, ~150 Mountaineer Delight x LB21-7-4, and ~100 Mountaineer Pride x LB21-7-4. All harvested F4 seed will be planted in the field in Spring/Summer 2023 and F5 seed harvested in the Fall. Our plan is to advance by SSD to the F5 generation to achieve a high level of homozygosity, then generate families for phenotypic and genotypic evaluation in replicated trials. A population of 200 seeds from one of these crosses (Mountaineer Delight x LB21-7-4) was grown in the greenhouse at Purdue, and each individual plant was cloned for subsequent ISR testing. Plant material from each plant was flash frozen for gene expression studies using RT-qPCR with select genes to verify differences in ISR responsiveness. Plant material was also stored for future efforts to extract DNA and sequence each plant to try and identify alleles associated with ISR responsiveness. Goal #3: Develop new disease resistant tomato varieties that have great flavor and are best adapted to local farming systems using genomic selection and participatory breeding: Crosses, laboratory and genetic evaluations - At the start of TOMI2, we made 30+ new crosses between existing TOMI breeding material andAlternariadonor lines in greenhouses at OSU by Myers and Davis. Some of these crosses performed well in trials in our field trials on the west coast, but not in the Midwest or Southeast. Thus, new TOMI breeding material and donor lines were screened forAlternaria resistance in greenhouse pathogen trials by Purdue plant pathologist Dan Egel, and the most promising lines will be included in new crosses during 2023. In addition, Dawsonhas begun exploring methods of pyramiding multiple qualitative and quantitative sources of resistance in partnership with Martha Mutchler (Cornell University, Emeritus) and Mark McCaslin (Frogsleap Farm). This has included testing new sources of major gene resistance to Septoria Leaf Spot and Early Blight. These sources of resistance were identified by Martha Mutchler and incorporated into commercially viable germplasm at Cornell. We have used these sources of resistance in crosses designed for the upper Midwest and are testing molecular markers designed to track the resistance alleles in these populations and determine whether resistance requires the resistance allele to be homozygous or if it also works in a heterozygous state. Preliminary results show that one of the Septoria resistance QTL must be homozygous for the resistance allele while the other shows dominance and can be effective in the heterozygous state. For the early blight markers, one is not showing significant differences between classes, which may be due to having a mild year for early blight infection, or to the change in genetic background making the marker less tightly linked to the putative QTL. The second early blight marker was not polymorphic in Midwest germplasm and so we are working to develop a marker that will be polymorphic in our gemplasm and still tightly linked to the QTL. Segregation ratios for F2 progeny of crosses where one parent had that putative QTL did display the expected patters for a major effect gene, but the marker we have is not segregating. Field trials - 40 entries (TOMI parental lines, crosses and potential donor lines) were evaluated for Alternaria and other foliar diseases in California, and 4 entries in Washington for marketable and unmarketable yield, sweetness, acidity, overall flavor, and disease resistance. Several entries stood out for their combination of high yield, good flavor and foliar disease resistance, includingLB55-23 x Galahad, Damsel x NC1LF, NC1LF x OSU1815, andMountaineer Pride x LB55-23, and will continue to be evaluated on the west coast in future years. Field trials in the Midwest and Southeast were suspended during 2022 until new crosses are available to trial during summer 2023.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Richardville, K., Egel, D., Flachs, A., Jaiswal, A., Perkins, D., Thompson, A., Hoagland, L., 2022. Leaf mold compost reduces waste, improves soil and microbial properties, and increases tomato productivity. Urban Agriculture and Regional Food Systems. doi.org/10.1002/uar2.20022.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: " Hoagland, L., Colley, M., Davis, J., Dawson, J., Formiga, A., Gu, S., Jaiswal, A., McCluskey, C., Myers, J., Richardville, K., Qu, L., Zystro, J., 2022. The TOMI project: updates and on-going efforts to mitigate disease outbreaks in organic tomato crops. American Society of Horticultural Science Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Leaf mold compost shows benefit for tomato plants in degraded urban soils. Soil Science Society of America Science News. https://www.soils.org/news/science-news/leaf-mold-compost-shows-benefit-tomato-plants-degraded-urban-soils/#:~:text=The%20plants%20that%20received%20leaf,help%20plants%20withstand%20disease%20pressure.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Lori Hoaglands research on beneficial soil and plant microbiomes. High Mowing Organic Seed Catalog. https://www.highmowingseeds.com/blog/2022-catalog-beneficials-part-2/
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Quantifying the impact of compost composition and quality on induced systemic resistance in tomato (Maria Sanchez Feb. 2022)
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Published Year Published: 2022 Citation: Relationships between compost microbiomes and tomato resilience against foliar diseases (Nelsy Arboleda Aug. 2022)


Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this project includes organic and conventional vegetable growers, marketers, and consumers; personnel at vegetable seed companies and organic biopesticide companies; scientists and students in horticulture, plant breeding, plant pathology, and soil science; as well as Extension educators and others involved in outreach to vegetable growers such as personnel at the NRCS and SWCD. In all cases, efforts were made to reach underrepresented audiences in agriculture, such as racial and ethnic minorities, by including faculty and staff from an 1890's land grant institutions and students/staff from many countries and backgrounds in our research and outreach activities. Changes/Problems:Many of our field trials and some greenhouse and lab trials are behind due to the COVID-19 pandemic preventing us from making progress during 2020. However, we have since been able to get back on track with most of our research activities. We are also behind in conducting many of our outreach activities, but expect to be able to ramp back up over the next year. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Post-doctoral research associates, graduate students, undergraduate students, faculty and staff learned how to conduct greenhouse, lab and field trials associated with disease suppression, soil health and plant breeding. Students also gained skills presenting and publishing the results of their research trials. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were communicated to stakeholders during a few field days and virtual meetings held during spring and summer, though we have not been as active in these events as planned due to continued restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.Results were also submited for publication in one scientific manuscript and one abstract. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue conducting laboratory, greenhouse and field trials to meet the objectives in our three focus areas. We expect to submit at least 4 publications covering our ISR trials for publication. We also expect that while we will continue to conduct outreach activities to stakeholders in a virtual format given on-going restrictions around the COVID-19 pandemic, we will be able to hold more in person outreach activities over the next year.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Goal #1: Identify key factors mediating disease suppressive soil and survival and efficiacy of bio-pesticides: Results of our two-year field trial evaluating the capacity for a leaf mold compost to boost beneficial soil microbials and support a beneficial microbial antagonist and suppress foliar diseases in tomato was accepted for publication in a scientific journal. We also initiated follow up greenhouse trials using this leaf mold compost as well as several other types of locally derived composts generated from different feedstocks. We are currently quantifying microbial communities in these composts and their capacity to suppress foliar diseases in greenhouse trials. We continuedoptimizing procedures for greenhouse pathogen bioassays to evaluate disease suppressive soil using Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycorsici for upcoming experiments using soil collected from our breeding trials collected during summer 2021 (see below). Goal #2: Integrate selection for beneficial plant-microbial relationships that help suppress disease into a tomato breeding programs: We finished evaluating results from our RNA-seq, microbiome and root metabolomic studies in responsive and unresponsive tomato genotypes to ISR to quantify potential mechanisms and working on four manuscripts covering theses results.We completed studies quantifiying ISR responsiveness against two foliar pathogens in the 10 parent genotypes we are using for our breeding program (see below), and we are currently planning follow up studies that will allow us to use GBS sequencing data of these parental lines to try and predict ISR responsiveness in our progeny. We also initiated our trials to quantify whether ISR responsinvess induced by beneficial soil microbes can be inherited based on epigenetic studies. Goal #3: Develop new disease resistant tomato varieties that have great flavor and are best adapted to local farming systems using genomic selection and participatory breeding: Crosses derived from the 10 new parental genotypes being used in our TOMI2 breeding program were grown and evaluated in field trials inOregon, California, Washington, Wisconsin, and two sites in North Carolinaalongside commercial lines. Plants were evaluated for disease, yield and flavor. Seeds were selected from the most promising lines and sent to OSU where they will be selfed this winter to generate F3's and screened using markers for major disease genes using leaf disks to narrow down our breeding populations.

Publications

  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2021 Citation: Richardville, K., Egel, D., Flachs, A., Jaiswal, A., Perkins, D., Thompson, A., Hoagland, L., (in press). Closing the loop in the city: leaf mold compost improved soil properties, supported beneficial microbe and increased tomato productivity. Urban Agriculture and Regional Food Systems.


Progress 09/01/19 to 08/31/20

Outputs
Target Audience:The target audience for this project includes organic and conventional vegetable growers, marketers, and consumers; personnel at vegetable seed companies and organic biopesticide companies; scientists and students in horticulture, plant breeding, plant pathology, and soil science; as well as Extension educators and others involved in outreach to vegetable growers such as personnel at the NRCS and SWCD. In all cases, efforts were made to reach underrepresented audiences in agriculture, such as racial and ethnic minorities, by including faculty and staff from an 1890's land grant institutions and students/staff from many countries and backgrounds in our research and outreach activities. Changes/Problems:The COVID-19 pandemic prevented us from being able to evaluate breeding material in Wisconsin and North Carolina. It also prevented us from being able to sequence our parent lines at UW-Madison, conduct on-farm biopesticide trials, or quantify the microbiome and disease suppressive capacity of the soils at our breeding nurseries. Finally, we were unable to conduct in person field days or workshops during summer 2020 and we decided to delay our on-line activities such as lunch room chats, due to on-line meeting fatigue by many in the farming community. As such, we expect to apply for a one year no-cost extension to ensure we can meet the activities planned in our proposal. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Post-doctoral research associates, graduate students, undergraduate students, faculty and staff learned how to conduct greenhouse, lab and field trials associated with disease suppression, soil health and plant breeding. Students also gained skills presenting and publishing the results of their research trials. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results were communicated to stakeholders atfield days during fall 2019 and grower oriented meetings during winter prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. Starting in March 2020, all outreach activities were moved on-line and disseminated to stakeholders via webinars, pod-casts and on-line meetings. Results were also submited for publication in one scientific manuscript, conference proceedings and abstracts. Finally, activities associated with the project were communicated via popular press news articles. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?We will continue conducting lab, greenhouse and field trials associated with each of our three project objectives and expect to submit several new scientific publications based on our research associated with biological control of pathogens and ISR. Our breeding plans were delayed due to the COVID-19 pandemic during summer 2020, though we expect to be able to get back on track with these trials during 2021. Finallly, we expect to be able to get back on track with outreach activities, including in person field days and workshops once conditions associated witht the COVID-10 pandemic allow.

Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals? Goal #1: Identify key factors mediating disease suppressive soil and survival and efficiacy of bio-pesticides:The second year of a field trial in West Lafayette, IN was completed evaluating the potential for a leaf mold compost amendment to better support the survival and efficacy of a beneficial microbial antagonist(Trichoderma harzianum) in the field was completed. This trial also evaluated whether the survival and efficacy of this microbial inoculant would vary based on two tomato genotypes that varied in the potential to support this microbe in greenhouse trials. The effects of these treatments on many indicators of soil health, transplant survival, vigor, disease incidence and severity, yield and quality of tomato fruit was quantified. Results of this two year field trial were summarzied in a master's thesis, and were shared in an on-line webinar. We also obtained pathogen isolates and begin optimizing procedures for greenhouse pathogen bioassays to evaluate disease suppressive soil using Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycorsicifor upcoming experiments. Goal #2: Integrate selection for beneficial plant-microbial relationships that help suppress disease into a tomato breeding programs:We finished evaluating results of trials quantifying differences in responsiveness to induced systemic resistance against two foliar pathogens (Phytophthora infestans and Botrytis cinerea) by Trichoderma harzianum, in 26 tomato genotypes representing a range of domestication. A scientific manuscript covering these trials was accepted for publication. We have also begun evauating results of follow up RNA-seq, microbiome and root metabolomic studies in responsive and unresponsive tomato genotypes to ISR to quantify potential mechanisms. We obtained the 10 parent genotypes from our new tomato breeding program and prepared for ISR trials to quantify their responsinvess. Finally, preliminary trials were conducted to prepare for upcoming epigenetic studies associated with ISR. Goal #3: Develop new disease resistant tomato varieties that have great flavor and are best adapted to local farming systems using genomic selection and participatory breeding:10 tomato genotypes were selected for use as parents in our new breeding program. The crosses were made at OSU, and grown in replicated trials during summer in Oregon, California and Washington alongside commercial lines. Plants were evaluated for disease, yield and flavor. Some additional crosses were made and seed was saved from F1s. Breeding nurseries in Wisconsin and North Caroline were not conducted this summer due to restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Publications

  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: AgriView, Organic-tomato research boosted 12/9/2019, https://www.agupdate.com/agriview/briefs/crop/organic-tomato-research-boosted/article_e5f9efab-0c8f-5e27-9577-fee27292d16a.html
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: OSA Blog, New Organic Tomatoes & Disease Management Tools Coming Soon, 11/19/2019, https://seedalliance.org/2019/new-organic-tomatoes-disease-management-strategies-coming-soon/
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: OSA Blog, Research Award Will Focus on Helping Organic Tomato Growers Better Manage Diseases, 11/21/2019, https://seedalliance.org/press/tomi2-announcement/
  • Type: Journal Articles Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2021 Citation: Jaiswal, A., Mengiste, T., Myers, J., Egel, D., Hoagland, L. (in press). Tomato domestication has attenuated responsiveness to a beneficial soil microbe for plant growth promotion and induction of systemic resistance to foliar pathogens. Frontiers in Microbiology.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Accepted Year Published: 2021 Citation: Hoagland, L., Bloomquist, M., Colley, M., Davis, J., Dawson, J., Egel, D., Formiga, A., Fulk, R., Gu, S., Jaiswal, A., McCluskey, C., McKenzie, L., Mengiste, T., Myers, J, Qu, L, Zystro, J., 2020 (postponed to 2021). Tomato Organic Management and Improvement (TOMI) Project. Proceedings Organic World Congress, Rennes, France.
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2020 Citation: Jaiswal, A, Hoagland, L., 2020. Does domestication impact the metabolome and microbiome of tomatoes? American Society for Microbiology Annual Meeting, Chicago, IL
  • Type: Conference Papers and Presentations Status: Other Year Published: 2019 Citation: Hernandez, M., L. Hoagland, Beck N. Cerruti, M. Colley, J. Davis, J. Dawson, ,D. Egel, ,B. Emerson, ,S. Gu, L. Zubieta Hernandez. ,T. Jones, ,C. McCluskey, L. Mckenzie, T. Mengiste, J. Myers, L. Qu,, J. Zystro. 2019. Evaluating TOMI for foliar pathogen in Pacific Northwest. National Association of Plant Breeders meeting, Table Mountain, GA 8/24-8/29/19. (poster)
  • Type: Theses/Dissertations Status: Awaiting Publication Year Published: 2021 Citation: Richardville (2020). Overcoming barriers in urban agriculture to promote healthy eating on college campuses. M.S. Thesis, Purdue University. 262p.
  • Type: Other Status: Published Year Published: 2019 Citation: Southeast FarmPress, Initiative to create organic tomatoes that resist disease, taste good, 11/23/2019, https://www.farmprogress.com/vegetables/initiative-create-organic-tomatoes-resist-disease-taste-good