Progress 09/01/23 to 08/31/24
Outputs
Target Audience:During the reporting period, we have actively increased awareness of the project among key target audiences, including producers, county educators, crop consultants, extension personnel, and policymakers within the region. We organized field days at the farms of participants in the Farmer-to-Farmer network. These events showcased outcomes from intensive cropping systems management, highlighting both successes and challenges in implementing new technologies on actual farms. The field days were well attended, drawing significant interest from farmers and producers keen on adopting no-till intensive cropping systems. National and state policymakers have been briefed on the project's progress and encouraged to visit the no-till plots at Kansas State University and other demonstration sites across Kansas. Notably, on June 13, 2024, approximately 40 Kansas State legislators visited the Agronomy Education Center at Kansas State University. During their visit, Charles Rice (Principal Investigator) and Anita Dille (Co-Principal Investigator) provided presentations and led a field tour focused on regenerative agriculture and soil health initiatives at the university. To effectively reach our target audience during this period, we employed various outreach tools, including: A soil health field day at the Flickner Innovation Farm in Moundridge, KS Development of multiple extension tools Cover crop field day at Oklahoma State University North East OklahomaField DAY and Demo Farm Oklahoma State University winter crops school Lahoma and Chickasha field day On-farm research studies established over previous years Knowledge exchange with farmers and industry stakeholders Participation in school and community activities Creation of several videos and social media posts We leveraged social media platforms such as YouTube, Facebook, and Twitter to widely disseminate information about the RAIN project. In July 2024, Charles Rice organized the RAIN annual meeting in Wichita, which served to spotlight the project among academics and foster collaboration on similar initiatives. The meeting was attended by three farmers who are collaborators within the RAIN Farmer-to-Farmer network. At the 2023ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting, Dr. Charles Rice hosted a symposium titled "Rainfed Cropping Systems to Increase Productivity and Improve Soil Health in the Southern Great Plains".Thesession explored the potential benefits of rainfed cropping systems in the Southern Great Plains, with a focus on strategies to increase productivity and improve soil health. Participants learned about the key principles of rainfed cropping, including the importance of crop rotation, cover cropping, and conservation tillage. There were experts who led the discussion on the latest research and best practices for managing rainfed cropping systems, from selecting appropriate crops and varieties to optimizing soil moisture and nutrient management. Symposium speakers were 1) Ray Flickner from Flickner Innovation Farms, Moundridge, KS;2) Dr. Charles Rice from Kansas State University;3) Dr. Mark Farrell, Soil Biogeochemistry, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, Australia;and 4) Dr. Robert G. Chambers, Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD In addition, we have produced ninepeer-reviewed journal publications in this reporting cycle and delivered over 25 conference presentations during this reporting cycle, sharing the knowledge and insights gained through the project with farmers, academia, and industry professionals. Changes/Problems:Activity 1.1. Deploy and maintain field experiments There were issues with weed control on the winter crops, requiring plots to be harvested by hand from selected locations within the plots. A better plan for weed control in winter crops has been put in place by Dr. Lollato in collaboration with Anita Dille and Dustan Ridder (farm manager). There were issues with plot alleyways not being trimmed similar to previous years. This was due to retirement of farm management personnel (Russel Dille). A better plan for this has been put in place between Dr. Lollato and Dustan Ridder (farm manager). The issues of weed control create many complications for summer crop establishment, and the team led by Dr Ciampitti encountered problems on plant emergence and establishment due to the weed issues after wheat harvest. Hopefully, an integral weed plan is place to provide a better control of weeds during the entire year. Lack of personnel to coordinate the field activities was an issue since many students involved in the project have graduated. Weed control was an issue on the winter wheat crops, leading many plots to be harvested by hand. This problem has been issue during the current growing season and to establish summer crops has been a large challenge. This clear outlines a problem that has not been well handle since the onset of the study, better plan for an integrated weed control and more collaboration for all team helping in activities is needed to maintain these plots. Activity 1.7: Model calibration and validation Activity 1.8: Regional-scale simulations Activity 1.9: Farm-scale simulations Quality from field data collection and coordination Farmer-to-Farmer Network (F2F) We have not initiated any RAIN project on-farm experiments with two of the participating farmers in Oklahoma. Activity 2.2: Cropland Observation Nodes (CRONOS) We have had some communication challenges that might be associated with cell phone providers switching from 3G to 4G. We have had challenges processing data from different generations of CRONOS stations because the data are structured differently. Activity 3.1: Integrated extension for best crop, water, and soil management in the SGP Students graduating and leaving, faculty moving to other universities. It is hard to maintain continuity with turnaround. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Continued from previous section "What was accomplished under these goals?" Activity 4.1: Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) program We hosted our fourth cohort of REU students. A totalof seven undergraduate students were part of this cohort. Jayme Renfro-Dubovich (Kansas State University) was mentored by Dr. Chuck Rice; she worked on the project "Microorganisms and Nitrogen in a Wheat-based Cropping System". Her project examinedsoil nitrogen cycle for nitrogen use efficiency and reducing environmental impacts. Sheevaluated the nitrogen cycle in relation to microbial activity in a wheat season over different rainfed cropping systems. Elena Zakolski (Loyola University, Chicago) was mentored by Dr. Chuck Rice. Her project was "Soil Health in Rainfed Cropping Systems". Elena worked on biological soil health measurements to evaluate how cover and cash crop species affect and correlates with soil microbial communities and activity at a rhizosphere level.l nitrogen cycle for nitrogen use efficiency and reducing environmental impacts. The student will be able to evaluate the nitrogen cycle in relation to microbial activity in a wheat season over different rainfed cropping systems.Examining soil nitrogen cycle for nitrogen use efficiency and reducing environmental impacts. The student will be able to evaluate the nitrogen cycle in relation to microbial activity in a wheat season over different rainfed cropping systems. Cheyanne Macagno (Cal-Poly Fresno) was mentored by Dr. Anita Dille. Her project was "Weed Ecology Interactions in Cropping Systems". Cheyanne documented the weed species that emerge and occur across several field studies with different crops. She documented changes in plant growth and biomass, and predicted seed production, to know what their future impact will be. Claire Wyman (Bowdoin College, Maine) was mentored by Dr. Dorivar Ruiz Diaz. Her project was "Nitrogen Management for Conservation Tillage". Claire evaluated nitrogen response for contrasting tillage systems and evaluated key parameters of nitrogen use efficiency in corn, and the need for adjustments in nitrogen fertilization under conservation tillage. Benjamin Woolen (Northeastern State University, Tahlequah, Oklahoma) was mentored by Dr. Brian Arnall. His project was "Precision Nutrient Management". Benjamin learned about and applied the use of sensors to make in-season nitrogen recommendations in cotton, sesame, and sorghum. He was also involved in improving existing practices and developing new approaches to nitrogen management. Emma Patswold (Redlands Community College, El Reno, Oklahoma) was mentored by Dr. Travis Witt. Her project was "Getting to the root of N". Emma studied green manure crops. Although green manure crops have been studied previously for nutrient cycling there is little information about how nutrients are dispersed throughout the plant. Her project was to determine the amounts of carbon and nitrogen in the aerial and subterranean parts of different legumes. Ella Roundy (University of North Dakota) was mentored by Dr. Pradeep Wagle. The title of her project was "Sustainable Agroecosystems". Ella's project entailed monitoring and measuring crop growth and development, eddy covariance measurements of gain of carbon and loss of water by the agroecosystems, satellite remote sensing (image processing and geographical analysis), and analysis techniques (e.g., machine learning). What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Training and Professional Development Activities: Provided comprehensive training on research methods, data analysis, scientific presentations, and scientific writing to PhD students and undergraduate research assistants. Facilitated ArcGIS training for graduate students. Organized monthly RAIN project meetings, including seminars that highlighted research progress across various components of the project. Hosted the RAIN Monthly All Scientists Meeting, offering a platform for graduate students and faculty to present their research findings. Presentations were encouraged from those who had not previously presented, providing an opportunity for constructive feedback on their research trajectory. Delivered professional development opportunities for REU participants through weekly seminar presentations and the RAIN annual meeting, with hands-on training experience. Graduate steudents and REUs presented at the RAIN annual meeting, which was held in Wichita, KS from July 24-26, 2024. The titles of their poster and oral presentations have been compiled under the "Products' section. During the RAIN annual meeting, a professional student development session was held, featuring representatives from Bayer, Koch, and various academic institutions. This seminar, which included a Q&A session, was specifically designed to support graduate students in making informed career choices between academia and industry. The session provided valuable insights from industry leaders and academic experts, offering students the opportunity to explore diverse career paths, ask questions, and gain practical advice to help guide their professional development. Most graudate students also attended the 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting, held in St. Louis, MO.The titles of their poster and oral presentations have been compiled under the "Products' section. Graduate students were given the opportunity to attend various other meetings, related to their research topics. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest? Peer-Reviewed Publications:Ninepublications were produced in peer-reviewed journals during this reporting cycle. Conference Papers and Presentations: Over 40 papers and presentations were delivered at various regional, national, and international conferences, including the RAIN Annual Meeting. Field Days:In Kansas, onefield daywasorganized-- the field day wasfocused on soil health at Ray Flickner's farm. Attendeesincluded faculty and students from Kansas State University, University of Maryland, USDA ARS El Reno, USDA ARS Maricopa, industry professionals, farmers, ranchers, and producers. In Oklahoma, three field days were organized Cover Crop Field Day at Oklahoma State University: Participants: 47 representatives from NRCS, OCC, OCES, and farmers. Topics Covered: Cover Crops in Semi-Arid Regions Grazing Cover Crops Integrating Cover Crops into Cropping Systems North East Oklahoma Field Day and Demonstration Farm: Topics Covered: Three Levels of Tillage with Compost and Inorganic Fertilizer CRONOS System Short Season Wheat Double Crop Fertility Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) Strips Variable Rate Technology for Nitrogen Management in Wheat Strip-Till Practices Oklahoma State Winter Crops School: Topics Covered: Forage Production Herbicide Resistance, Tillage, and Soil Health Cropping Systems History Fertility Management Cropping Systems Management Lahoma and Chickasha Field Day: Topics Covered: Wheat Varieties and Breeding Soil Fertility Disease and Pest Management Forage Production Weed Management 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting: Symposium Hosted by Dr. Charles Rice: "Rainfed Cropping Systems to Increase Productivity and Improve Soil Health in the Southern Great Plains" Focus: Exploring strategies to enhance productivity and soil health through rainfed cropping systems in the Southern Great Plains. Key Principles Discussed: Importance of Crop Rotation Cover Cropping Techniques Conservation Tillage Practices Latest Research and Best Practices for Managing Rainfed Cropping Systems, including crop selection, soil moisture optimization, and nutrient management. Symposium Recordings: Available at https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2023am/meetingapp.cgi/Session/25129. Scientific Community Engagement: Project findings were disseminated to the scientific community at the ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meeting in St. Louis, MO, where RAIN faculty and students presented posters and conference papers. Development of Extension Tools: Several extension tools were created and distributed via Oklahoma State's Sunup TV, Kansas State's rainfed agriculture website, Nitrogen and Water fact sheets, YouTube channel, and RAIN's social media platforms, including Twitter and Facebook. On-Farm Research Studies: On-farm research was initiated on six farms, with two additional farms joining the Kansas Soil Health Network (KSHN). Baseline soil health assessments were conducted, and participating farmers contributed to the annual RAIN project meeting, providing input for future project development. Knowledge Exchange: Knowledge exchange with farmers and industry stakeholders was facilitated through field days, which included site visits to Kansas State test plots to demonstrate no-till intensive farming practices. Community Engagement:On June 13, 2024, approximately 40 Kansas State legislators visited the Agronomy Education Center at Kansas State University. During the visit, Principal Investigator Dr. Charles Rice and Co-Principal Investigator Dr. Anita Dille delivered presentations and conducted a field tour, highlighting the university's initiatives in regenerative agriculture and soil health. Social Media and Video Content: Videos and social media posts were produced to highlight REU opportunities, the RAIN Annual Meeting, and the achievements of RAIN students and faculty. Seminars and Workshops: Preliminary research findings were shared through seminars and workshops, including weekly Agronomy Department lab meetings and RAIN Annual Meetings, attended by the RAIN advisory board and Farmer to Farmer network participants. Manuscript Development: PhD students are developing manuscripts as part of their dissertations, with plans to publish in peer-reviewed journals, ensuring public access to the research findings. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Maintain regular monthly seminars for the entire project team to foster enhanced awareness and collaboration regarding ongoing research, extension, and education activities within the project. Participatein monthly full team meetings and monthly Objective 2 meetings to learn about the work being done by others on the project. We are entering our no-cost extension year. If we have leftover funds, we plan to host another RAIN annual meeting, aiming to increase awareness of the project's objectives and progress. Continue work on assigned project topics, including the partitioning of eddy covariance measured ET and the validation of results across various crop types. Have the students wrap up their field research and focus on writing manuscripts and dissertations. Coordinate field-related activities such as weeding, information sharing, and data collection with the graduate student team involved in the RAIN project. Develop severalsynthesis papers. Enter allfield data on crop growth to refine APSIM models for predicting biomass and yield at the system scale. Gather eddy fluxes and biometric measurements from various cropping systems, and use these to support modeling efforts. Utilize datasets available through RAIN and collaborating partners to improve the calibration of models for non-wheat crops. Continue the development of a comprehensive database for all RAIN-related data, managed by the Data Manager. Analyze soil cores collected at depths of 0-5, 5-15, and 15-30 cm for soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, and biological health indicators after 5 years of new and improved on-farm practices. Complete on-farm experiments at the Rendel Farm(one of the F2F network farms)in Oklahoma. Maintain the network of six CRONOS stations in Oklahoma and provide data to the modeling team for use in simulations. Continue improvement of CRONOS stations to reduce the cost of each. Continue research on vegetation monitoring systems for cropland using new raspberry pi cameras and neutron-based vegetation monitoring technology. Wrap up ongoing on-farm experiments at three F2F sites in Kansas and complete data collection from these locations. Continue to providetraining on research methods, data analysis, scientific presentations, and scientific writing to visiting scholars, one PhD students, and undergraduate research assistants. Complete uploading all our datasets to USDA Ag data commons repository or a similar repository.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Activity 1.1. Deploy and maintain field experiments The wheat and forage group led by Dr. Lollato has planted, conducted, and harvested the 2023-24 winter crops season (winter wheat and triticale) near Ashland Bottoms, KS, including the termination of cover crops. Activity 1.2: Collect and analyze crop productivity data The forage production group led by Dr. Min has been collecting data by cutting the annual and perennial forages at Ashland Bottoms in Kansas. The winter annual forages (i.e., forage wheat and triticale) were harvested twice (April 13 and 27) this year. Alfalfa was also harvested on June 14 and July 11 and forage soybeans on July 3 and July 11. Two more harvests will be conducted for both alfalfa and forage soybeans. In addition, Rudra Baral is developing manuscripts using forage soybean and wheat data. The student responsible for collecting data from the winter crops (Luana Simao) graduated with her PhD. Data from the first four years related to winter crops have been analyzed and a manuscript has been drafted by Luana Simao. It is currently being reviewed by co-authors for submisison during the fall of 2024. Summer crop data has been collected by the team led by Dr. Ciampitti. A few more manuscripts are under preparation, and one for compiling all the information and using crop growth models to develop scenarios based on climate change for summer crops. Activity 1.3: Collect and analyze soil health data Soil samples collected and analyzed for physical properties in five treatments in the long-term crop rotation experiment at El Reno. Results were summarized and presented at the RAIN project annual meeting. A research manuscript is being drafted to report the results. Activity 1.7: Model calibration and validation The team lead by Dr. Ciampitti has a student (finishing in December 2024) testing a crop growth model for summer crop options under the location in KS. Activity 1.10: Total Factor Productivity analysis In recent years the precipitation pattern has changed. Total factor productivity analysis needs to be re-confirmed as the cultivation technique of crops and forages, including planting and harvesting dates. Activity 2.1:Farmer-to-Farmer Network (F2F) A new on-farm experiment was initiated at the Rendel farm in northeastern Oklahoma, examining the impacts of tillage and compost application on soil properties and crop yields. The Flickner farm was sampled for the third year of on-farm resarch, involving th eimplementation of cover crops. Soil analysis is on going. Activity 2.2: Cropland Observation Nodes (CRONOS) In the last year the CRONOS team has developed an all new housing system. This prototype 3rd generation station is designedto get above taller crops, lower the price, and increase the ease of maintenance and removal for these stations, making them a one-person job. In partnership with colleagues from the Physics department at OSU we are testing a new low cost neutron detector. A manuscript evaluating CRONOS systems in Oklahomais being revisedfor resubmission. We have developed a Raspberry Pi/Arduino system that should be able to operate a CRONOS station without the need for a more expensive datalogger. Activity 2.3: Evapotranspiration partitioning Activity 2.4 Supporting measurements Statewide evaporation and transpiration estimates were compiled for major crops in Oklahoma based on observed precipitation, runoff, and crop yields combined with literature values for transpiration efficiency. The team led by Dr. Eduardo Santos estimated sub-surface evaporation from a commercial field in Gypsum, Kansas using sensible heat balance approach that utilizes low-cost lab manufactured heat pulse probes. Activity 2.5: Regional soil moisture mapping We created a parallel testing environment for making improvements to the Oklahoma Automated Soil Information System (OASIS) soil moisture mapping system. Activity 2.6: In-season crop forecasting Made improvements to in-season nitrogen recommendation tool. Improvements include 1) both hindcast and forecast interfaces are included 2) field scale crop rotation map is integrated and 3) tested it over Kansas. A manuscript has been published on the in-season nitrogen recommendation tool. Activity 3.1: Integrated extension for best crop, water, and soil management in the SGP Several cover crop field days and educational workshops held at various locations, including Oklahoma State University, Flickner Innovation Farm in Moundridge, Kansas, North East Oklahoma Demo Farm, and Oklahoma State Winter Crops School. These events aimed to educate participants on advanced agricultural practices, cover crops, and soil health management. a. Cover Crop Field Day at Oklahoma State University Participants: 47 representatives from NRCS, OCC, OCES, and local farmers. Topics Covered: Cover Crops in Semi-Arid Conditions Grazing Covers Integrating Cover Crops into Existing Farming Systems b. Field Day at Flickner Innovation Farm, Moundridge, Kansas Overview: Participants were provided with insights into advanced agriculture practices, including: No-Till Farming Techniques Cover Crops and Ground Cover Soil Carbon Sequestration and Rooting Depths Demonstration of the 360 RAIN Irrigation Machine, one of the first deployed in Kansas c. North East Oklahoma Field Day and Demo Farm Topics Covered: Three Levels of Tillage with Compost and Inorganic Fertilizer CRONOS (Crop Rotation and Nutrient Optimization System) Short-Season Wheat Cultivation Double Crop Fertility Management Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium (N, P, K) Strips Variable Rate Technology (VRT) Nitrogen Management for Wheat Strip Till Farming Techniques d. Oklahoma State Winter Crops School Topics Covered: Forage Production Techniques Herbicide Resistance Management, Tillage, and Soil Health History of Cropping Systems Fertility Management in Crops Cropping Systems Management Strategies e. Lahoma and Chickasha Field Day Topics Covered: Wheat Varieties and Breeding Fertility Management Disease and Pest Control Forage Production Techniques Weed Management Strategies The series of field days and educational workshops provided valuable learning experiences for participants, enhancing their understanding of advanced agricultural practices, cover crop integration, and water and soil health management. The events emphasized the importance of continued education and innovation in farming practices to ensure sustainable and productive agriculture. Activity 3.2: Extension efforts on economics & social interactions The RAIN project organized a special symposiumat the 2023 ASA-CSSA-SSA International Annual Meeting, titled "Rainfed Cropping Systems to Increase Productivity and Improve Soil Health in the Southern Great Plains".Dr. Robert Chambers from University of Maryland presenteda seminar titled "Total Factor Productivity and Economic Performance of Rainfed Wheat-Based Cropping Systems in the Southern Great Plains". Further information on this presentation and other symposium presentations can be found at-https://scisoc.confex.com/scisoc/2023am/meetingapp.cgi/Session/25129? Activity 4.1: Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) program This will be addressed in the next section "What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?"as we have run into the character limit for this section
Publications
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Cole Diggins. Soil Structural Quality in Cultivated and Uncultivated Lands in the US Southern Great Plains. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Paula Garcia Helguera. Nitrogen use efficiency and soil mineral nitrogen as affected by fertilizer management and crop rotation. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Cesar A Guareschi. Effect of Crop Intensification and Diversification on Soil Health Indicators on Rainfed Wheat-Based Cropping Systems. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Cesar A Guareschi. Seasonal Dynamics of Biological and Chemical Soil Health Indicators Under Intensified and Diversified Rainfed Cropping Systems. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Jessica Bezerra de Oliveira. Intensification of Wheat-Based Systems: Impact on N2O Emissions. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Gabriela de Almeida. Fate of 15N Fertilizer I Rainfed Wheat-Based Cropping Sytems. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Andres Patrignani. New in-Situ Testbeds for Improving Soil Moisture Sensing. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Joaquin Peraza Rud. Crnpy: A Flexible Workflow for Soil Moisture Estimation from Cosmic Ray Neutron Counts (ORAL). 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Joaquin Peraza Rud. Crnpy: A Flexible Workflow for Soil Moisture Estimation from Cosmic Ray Neutron Counts (POSTER). 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Nishadini Widanagamage. Study of Heterotrophic Soil Respiration As a Function of Soil Water Potential Under Different Land Covers. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Rudra Baral. Assessing yield, quality, water use efficiency and profitability of forage crops in rainfed agricultural management systems.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Rudra Baral, Romulo Pisa Lollato, Ignacio A Ciampitti, Charles W Rice, Doohong Min. Exploring Alternative Forage Crops for Rainfed Wheat-Based Cropping Systems in Kansas. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Grace Ogden. Sweep Tillage Impact on Weed Management and Soil Health in Oklahoma. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Grace Ogden. Changing Student Perspectives of Farming through Field-Trip Experiences. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Luana M. Sim�o. Beyond Grain: Agronomic, Ecological, and Economic Benefits of Diversifying Crop Rotations with Wheat (ORAL). 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Luana M. Sim�o. Beyond Grain: Agronomic, Ecological, and Economic Benefits of Diversifying Crop Rotations with Wheat (POSTER). 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Charles Rice. Symposium--Rainfed Cropping Systems to Increase Productivity and Improve Soil Health in the Southern Great Plains. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Brian Arnall. Rainfed Cropping Systems to Increase Productivity and Improve Soil Health in the Southern Great Plains. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Varaprasad Bandaru. National Scale Modeling of Agricultural Systems to Monitor CO2 Fluxes on U.S Croplands. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Grace Flusche Ogden. Sweep Tillage Impact on Weed Management and Soil Health in Oklahoma. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Sudipti Parajuli, Eduardo Santos, Gerard Kluitenberg. Quantification of soil water evaporation using heat pulse sensors. Governor's Conference on the Future of Water in Kansas, Manhattan, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Sudipti Parajuli, Eduardo Santos, Gerard Kluitenberg. Quantification of soil water evaporation using heat pulse sensors. American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting, San Francisco, CA.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Massigoge, I., A Carcedo, J Lingenfelser, T Hefley, P.V. Vara Prasad, D Berning, S Lira, C.D. Messina, C.W. Rice, I Ciampitti. 2023. Maize planting date and maturity in the US central Great Plains: Exploring windows for maximizing yields. European Journal of Agronomy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2023.126905
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Singh, H., B.K. Northup, P.H. Gowda, P Omara, G.S. Baath, P.V. Vara Prasad. 2024. Moth bean and tepary bean as green nitrogen sources in intensive winter wheat cropping systems. Journal of Agriculture and Food Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100938
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Massigoge, I., R Baral, S Cominelli, E Denson, P.G. Helguera, C Guareschi, L.M. Sim�o, J.P. Rud, C.B. Pires, J.A. Dille, R.P. Lollato, D Min, A Patrignani, D.A. Ruiz Diaz, T Hefley, S Lira, P.V. Vara Prasad, C.W. Rice, J Hatfield, I.A. Ciampitti. 2024. Exploring alternative crop rotations to continuous winter wheat for agricultural intensification in the US central Great Plains. Agricultural Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2024.103879
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Pires, C.B., F.S. Krupek, G.I. Carmona, O.A. Ortez, L Thompson, D.J. Quinn, A.F. B. Reis, R Werle, P Kov�cs, M.P. Singh, J. M.S. Hutchinson, D Ruiz Diaz, C.W. Rice, I.A. Ciampitti. 2024. Perspective of US farmers on collaborative on-farm agronomic research. Agronomy Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21560
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Carlos Pires. From microbes to farmers perspectives: enhancing soil health through on-farm sustainable agricultural practices.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Sim�o, L.M., G Cruppe, J.P. Michaud, W.F. Schillinger, D Ruiz Diaz, A.J. Dille, C.W. Rice, R.P. Lollato. 2024. Chapter Two - Beyond grain: Agronomic, ecological, and economic benefits of diversifying crop rotations with wheat. Advances in Agronomy. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.agron.2024.02.007
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Chen, X., R.G. Chambers. V Bandaru, C.D. Jones, T.E. Oschner, R. Nandan, B.C Irigieddy, R.P. Lollato, T.W. Witt, C.W. Rice. 2024. Mid-season nitrogen management for winter wheat under price and weather uncertainty. Field Crops Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109509.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Nandan, R., V Bandaru, P Meduri, C Jones, R Lollato. 2024. Evaluating the utility of weather generators in crop simulation models for in-season yield forecasting. Agricultural Systems. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104082
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Luana Simao. Agronomics and ecology of wheat-based cropping systems: unveiling dynamics for sustainable agriculture.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Peraza Rud, J.A., T.E. Ochsner, A Patrignani. 2024. CRNPy: An Open-Source Python Library for Cosmic-Ray Neutron Probe Data Processing. The Journal of Open Source Software. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.06025
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Joquin Peraza Rud. Improving mesoscale soil moisture mapping with in situ networks and cosmic-ray neutron probes
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Baral, R., J Kim, B Bhattarai, I Massigoge, E Denson, C Guareschi, S Cominelli, J.P. Rud, J.B. de Oliviera, P.G. Helguera, I.A. Ciampitti, C.W. Rice, D Min. Preprints 2024. Forage Soybean: Unveiling Its Potential in the Wheat-Based Rainfed Cropping Systems. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202405.1472.v1
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Joaquin Peraza, Andres Patrignani. Crnpy: A Flexible Workflow for Soil Moisture Estimation from Cosmic Ray Neutron Counts. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Nishadini Widanagamage. Identifying characteristic signatures between soil moisture and heterotrophic soil respiration
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Sofia Cominelli. Testing and developing an instrumented microlysimeter for automated estimation of in situ soil evaporation
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Cominelli, S., A Patrignani. Transpiration response of palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) to drying soil in greenhouse conditions. 2022. Front. Agron. https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2022.1018251
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Chuck Rice. Year 5 updates. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Romulo Lollato, Brian Northup. Overview of the Current Status and Challenges of Objective 1. Field Experiment. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Brian Arnall. RAIN Objective 3 Overview. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Laurel Schmidt. Objective 4: RAIN REUs Evaluation Observations. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Pavan Pativada. Data Management in RAIN: Optimizing Data Collection, Organization and Storage. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Prasad Bandaru. In-season Nitrogen Recommendation Tool for Rainfed Winter Wheat Production. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Romulo Lollato. Data analysis and interpretation for the RAIN field experiment: An example for winter crops. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Paula Garcia Helguera. Exploring Alternative Crop Rotations to Continuous Winter Wheat for Agricultural Intensification in the US Central Great Plains. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Chuck Rice. Circular Bioeconomy Systems: A New Initiative. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Cesar Guareschi. The Effect of Crop Intensification and Diversification on Soil Health Indicators. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Lucas Lingua. Intensification of Wheat-based Rainfed Systems via Assessing Summer Crop Alternatives: Integrating Field and In-silico Approaches. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Sudipti Parajuli. Heat Pulse Sensors for Soil Evaporation Measurements. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Enoch Adom. Value of In-Season Information on Nitrogen Application Decisions for Winter Wheat. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Tyson Ochsner, Prasad Bandaru, Bob Chambers. RAIN Objective 2: Tactical Management for SGP Cropping Systems Year 4 Progress Overview. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Lixia Lambert. Optimal Crop and Nitrogen Management Portfolios for Rainfed Double Cropping Systems. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Laercio Pivetta. Soil Physical Properties in the Southern Great Plains Under Intensified No-Till Cropping Systems. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Jessica Bezerradeoliveira. Nitrogen Dynamics: Unraveling the Fate of Fertilizer in a Rainfed Wheat Cropping System. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Chuck Rice. Annual meeting summary. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Gabriela Silva. Transpiration and Evaporation from Oklahoma Croplands and Grasslands. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Connor Colby. Improving CRONOS Data Systems. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Cole Diggins. An Evaluation of the Oklahoma State Soil Moisture Map When Estimating the Soil Moisture of Active Cropping Systems. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Xiangjie Chen. Productivity Performance of Wheat-based Rotation Systems under Climate Uncertainty. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Jessica Bezerradeoliveira. Intensifying Wheat-Based Systems: Exploring the Impact of Nitrous Oxide Emissions. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Claire Wyman. Effects of Conservation Agricultural Practices on Soil Fertility and Wheat Grain Quality. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Elena Zakolski. Assessing Soil Microbial Community Biomass and Enzyme Activity in Cover-crop Rhizosphere Soil. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Cheyanne Macagno. Dynamics of Weed Seed Banks: Impact of Cropping System Treatments. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Benjamin Woolen. Use of Soil Moisture Probes to Measure Cotton Root Growth. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Emma Patswald. Evaluating the Ability of Cover Crops to Recycle Nutrients in Annual Crop Rotations and Integrated Crop Livestock Systems. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Ella Roundy. Dynamics of Carbon Dioxide and Water Vapor Fluxes of Multi-purpose Winter Wheat-based Cropping Systems in the U.S. Southern Great Plains. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2024
Citation:
Jaymee Renfro-Dubovich. Effects of Wetting and Drying Cycles on Different Cropping Systems. RAIN annual meeting, July 24-26, 2024, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Charles W Rice, Tiffany Poydras, Endy Kailer, Carlos AB Pires, Keith Duncan, Marcos Pires, Dyla Butler, Talia Kolodkin, Muazzama Mushtaq.
34 Years of No-till and Compost: What Have We Learned. 2023 AGU Fall Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Carlos Bonini Pires, Matheus Altariugio, Marcos Andre Bonini Pires, Charles W Rice. Organic Carbon Accumulation and Aggregate Formation after 34 Years of Tillage Systems and Organic Amendments. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Gustavo Shimada, Matheus Ceolin, Carlos Bonini Pires, Charles W Rice. Growing Seasonal Variability in Soil Penetration Resistance after 34 Years of Tillage Systems and Organic Amendments. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Ignacio Massigoge, Rudra Baral, Sofia Cominelli, Ethan Denson, Maria Paula Garcia Helguera, Cesar A Guareschi, Luana M Sim�o, Joaquin Peraza, Carlos Bonini Pires, Johanna Dille, Romulo Pisa Lollato, Doohong Min, Andres Patrignani, Dorivar A Ruiz Diaz, Trevor Hefley, Sara Lira, PV Vara Prasad, Charles W Rice, Jerry L Hatfield, Ignacio A Ciampitti. Investigating Alternative Crop Rotations for Agricultural Intensification in the US Central Great Plains. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Carlos Bonini Pires, Dorivar A Ruiz Diaz, Ignacio A Ciampitti, Charles W Rice.
Cover Crops and Crop Rotation for Sustaining Soil Health: An on-Farm Approach. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Luana M Sim�o. Winter Wheat N-Uptake Dynamics Under Different N-Management and Cropping Systems. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Sofia Cominelli, Romulo Pisa Lollato, Luana M Sim�o, Andres Patrignani. Quantifying Soil Evaporation in Rainfed Winter Wheat Using a Data Assimilation Approach. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Luana M Sim�o. Unraveling the Role of Wheat in Cropping Systems. 2023 ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting
|
Progress 09/01/22 to 08/31/23
Outputs
Target Audience:We have sought to bring increased awareness of the project to target audiences, including producers, county educators, crop consultants, extension personnel, and policymakers in the region. We have held field days at farmers' fields who are part of the Farmer-to-Farmer network. These field days have demonstrated outcomes from intensive cropping systems management at the farm level, including the successes as well as the challenges in adapting new technologies to real on-farm situations. The field days have been well received and have attracted many farmers and producers who are interested in adopting no-till intensive cropping systems. National and state policymakers have been briefed about the project and have been encouraged to visit the no-till plots at Kansas State University and at various demonstration sites throughout Kansas. On August 16, 2023, oneKansas State senator(Usha Reddi) and one Kansas State legislator(Michael Dodson) visited theAgronomy Education Center at Kansas State University. CharlesRice (PI of the project)made a short presentation and proceeded to give them a field tour on the regenerative agriculture and soil health efforts at Kansas State University. The following tools have been used to reach out to the target audience during the last reporting period- • Soil health field day at Guetterman Farmand Flickner Farm • Development of several extension tools • On-farm research studies (several established over the previous years) • Knowledge exchange with farmers and industry • Participation in activities with schools and community • Several videos and social media posts In order to reach a wide audience, we use social media platforms such as YouTube, Facebook and Twitter to highlight the products created through the RAIN project. In July 2023, Charles Rice (PI), organized the RAIN annual meeting, which was held in Wichita. The meeting helped highlight the RAIN project to several academics and has opened a dialogue to collaborate on similar projects. The meeting was attended by 4 farmers who are collaborators inthe RAIN Farmer-to-Farmer network. We have made several peer-reviewed journal publications (5) and well over 25 conference presentations during this reporting cycle, sharing the knowledge we have gained through this project with farmers, academia, and industry members, throughout the country and internationally. Changes/Problems:Farmer-to-Farmer Network (F2F) Identifying workable field experiments for remaining two participating farmers to match RAIN project objectives and farmer interests and logistical constraints. Cropland Observation Nodes (CRONOS) Finding good cameras has been an issue in the past, but with the new R-pi cameras some of that stress has been alleviated. The cameras themselves though are not observing a large enough area to scale up the findings of this one location to the whole field; remote sensing or modeling may be required to fill this gap. Modeling and Analysis To better represent cropland in the regional soil moisture mapping systems, we plan to include remotely-sensed vegetation data. It is challenging to identify an operational remotely-sensed vegetation index product with daily updates, but we have identified a promising candidate product from USGS based on MODIS data. Integrated extension for best crop, water, and soil management in the SGP Two members of the RAIN project Extension team (Dr. Warren and Dr. Manuchehri) have changed jobs and will have limited ability to contribute to the project moving forward. Remaining members of the Extension team will expand their role on the project to compensate. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided? Provided training on research methods, data analysis, scientific presentations, and scientific writing to PhD students and undergraduate research assistants. One graduate student has receivedDSSAT training. RAIN project members participatein monthly RAIN project meetings which featured seminars describing research progress across different parts of the project. The project provided monthly meetings which featured seminars describing research progress across different parts of the project. We hosted monthly RAINMonthly All Scientists Meeting where graduate students and faculty are given a platformto share their research findings with the group.All graduate students and faculty who have not previously presented at the meeting are encouraged to present. These meetings provide valuable feedback on the trajectory of the research. The REUs received professional development through presenting their findings at weekly seminars as well as the RAIN annual meeting. The REUs were given hands on training experience. The following poster and oral presentations were made at the RAIN annual meeting, held in Wichita, KS from July 27-28, 2023. Enoch Adom Modeling In-Season Nitrogen Decisions for Wheat Using DSSAT Rudra Baral Exploring Alternative Forage Crops for Wheat Based Rainfed Cropping System In Kansas Jessica Bezerradeoliveira Intensification Of Wheat-Based Systems: Impact on N2O Emissions Mary M. Boateng Economically Efficient Double Cropping Systems for Rainfed Wheat Growers in the Southern Great Plains Sofia Cominelli Quantifying Soil Evaporation in Rainfed Winter Wheat Using a Data Assimilation Approach? Cole Diggins Soil Structural Quality in Cultivated and Uncultivated Lands in the Southern Great Plains Cesar Guareschi Seasonal Variability of Soil Health Indicators Under Intensified and Diversified Rainfed Cropping Systems D. Lambert Weed Control and Optimal Wheat-Double Cropping Systems Ignacio Massigoge Exploring Options for Crop Intensification in the US Central Great Plains Rohit Nandan Spatially-explicit Estimates of Total Factor Productivity Under Current Cropping Practices in Kansas and Oklahoma Sudipti Parajuli Measuring Soil Water Evaporation Using Multi Probe Heat Pulse Sensors Carlos Pires Crop Intensification and Diversification Effect in the Soil Microbial Community Structure and Activity in the SGP Joaquin Peraza Rud Crnpy: A Flexible Workflow for Soil Moisture Estimation From Cosmic Ray Neutron Counts Luana Machado Simao RAIN Field Experiment: Winter Crops Results in Kansas Pradeep Wagle Partitioning of Evapotranspiration Using High-Frequency Eddy Covariance Data Nishadini Widanagamage Study Of Heterotrophic Soil Respiration as a Function of Soil Matric Potential Under Different Land Covers Trey Adams Comparing the Changes in Soil Nutrient Composition of Different Soil Probe Lubrications Gabriela de Almeida Fate of 15N Fertilizer in Wheat-Based Cropping Systems Patrick Belk Examining The Impact of Cover Crops on Weed Suppression & Soil Moisture Conservation Dylan Brown Simulated Haying Impacts on Cover Crop Growth, Development, and Forage Quality Teegin Crosthwait What it Takes to Germinate: A Scarred Seed Story Tess Kern Effect of Cold Shock Temperature on Emergence of Corn, Soybean, Sorghum Talia Kolodkin Impact of Long-Term Land Use on Soil Microbial Activity at Various Depths Abby Livingston Allelopathic Potential for Weed Suppression Across Differing Wheat Varieties and Environments Abigail Mejia Validation of a Web-Based Application for Classifying Crop Residue Luke Reynolds Evaluating the Effects of Interseeding Winter Wheat on Bermudagrass for Early Summer Production Andy Lee Thornton In-Season Forecasting - Nitrogen Recommendation Pavan Pativada Data Management in RAIN: optimizing Data Collection, Data Organization and Storage Chuck Rice Overview Year 3 Updates Dorivar Diaz Brian Northup RAIN Objective 1: Cropping System by N Management Field Experiment: Accomplishments and Challenges Tyson Ochsner Prasad Bandaru RAIN Objective 2: Tactical Management for SGP Cropping Systems - Year 4 Progress Overview Ignacio Ciampitti Jason Warren RAIN Objective 3: Integrated Extension Efforts to Empower Stakeholders Farmer 2 Farmer Network Panel Research needs Cropping system challenges Cropping system opportunities How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The following methods have been used to disseminate results to communities of interest- In this reporting cycle, we have published fivepublications in peer-reviewed journals. Over 40 conference papers and presentations at various regional, and national conferences, and at the RAIN annual meeting. Twofield days, one at Gutterman Brothers field and a soil health field day at Ray Flickner's farm. Approximately 160 people attended the field day at the Gutterman Brothers field and 85 people attended the soil health field day at Ray Flickner's farm. People in attendance comprised of faculty and students from Kansas State University, industry, farmers, ranchers, and producers. Winter meetings, and presentations at Oklahoma State University Winter Crops School, held from December 14-15, 2022. Many of the sessions focused on how and why nutrients and pesticides react, as well as why they are needed or applied in certain ways. Two presentations were given- one over the weed control benefits of sweep tillage and one over the soil health implications of sweep tillage. A poster was also presented with basic information over tumble windmill grass (a target weed of one of the studies). A survey was included with the poster for producers to complete to guide future work in tumble windmill grass management. Project results have been disseminated to the scientific community by presentations at the ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meeting in Baltimore, MD. RAIN faculty and students presented postersand conference presentations at the meeting. Development of several extension tools, have been shared through Oklahoma State's Sunup TV (Facebook and Twitter @sunuptv), Kansas State's rainfed ag website (https://www.rainfedag.org/), Nitrogen and water fact sheets (https://www.rainfedag.org/extension), YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWhIfCPV5q0627dUDn9iiEQ), and RAIN Twitter (@RainfedAg) and Facebook channels (https://www.facebook.com/RainfedAg/) On-farm research studies have been established on 6 farmer fields. Asof this reporting cycle, 2 more farms are being pursued to be added to the RAIN F2F network. The three in KS include the implementation of cover crops in their rotation. Baseline sampling for soil health has been conducted. The farmers also participated in the annual RAIN project meeting, where they presented their challenges to their farming operations. This discussion has resulted in ideas for new projects or measurements within the RAIN project. Knowledge exchange with farmers and industry through field days. Farmers and industry have been encouraged to visit the test sites at Kansas State to see the application of no-till intensive farming practices. Participation in activities with schools and the community. Several videos and social media posts covering REU openings, RAIN annual meeting, RAIN student and faculty achievements. Sharing of preliminary results through seminars and workshops at- Agronomy department- weekly lab meetings and invited guest speakers help disseminate information to attendees. RAIN annual meetings- The annual meetings are attended by the RAIN advisory board, as well as Farmers from the Farmer to Farmer network. The advisory board and farmers are able to be brought up to speed on progress of the project. American Society of Agronomy (ASA): RAIN faculty and students presented 17 posters, and conference presentations at the meeting. Initiation of manuscript writing as a part of PhD dissertation. The manuscript, once published in peer-reviewed journals, is available in public domain. Sharing the fact Sheet on forage dry matter yield and forage nutritive value among RAIN project team In order to reach a wide audience, we use social media platforms such as YouTube, Facebook and Twitter to highlight the products created through the RAIN project. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue the process of training new scholars. Continue providing regular monthly seminars for the whole project team to promote greater awareness and collaboration regarding all the ongoing research, extension, and education activities in the project. Planning on opening the next RAIN annual meeting to farmers who are not in the project to increase awareness of the project. Continue working on assigned project topics. Continue to partition eddy covariance measured ET and validate results across different crop types. Establish winter and summer crops as forage. Establish winter wheat and triticale as winter crop and soybean. Coordinate with graduate student team involved in RAIN project for field related work such as weeding, information sharing, data sharing. Collected samples at different growth stages. We are preparing to send to a commercial lab for forage nutritive value analysis. Working on a synthesis paper on water use efficiency based on the first three years of the crop rotations. Data from field will be collected from fields related to crop growth and utilized to adjust APSIM models for predicting biomass and yield at the system-scale. Collect eddy fluxes and biometric measurements from different cropping systems. Collect supporting data (eddy fluxes and biometric measurements) for modeling. Leverage datasets available through RAIN and RAIN collaborators to improve calibration of non-wheat crops. Data Manager continues to work on data sets and create a database for all RAIN related data. Analyze data & write journal manuscript on biomass production and forage quality of wheat and soybean from a subset of rotations. Soil cores have been collected at 0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm. They will be analyzed for soil organic C and total N, and biological health indicators. Initiate on-farm experiments at three F2F sites in Oklahoma. Maintain network of 6 CRONOS stations in OK. Provide CRONOS data to the modeling team for use in simulations. Continue research on vegetation monitoring systems for cropland using the new raspberry pi cameras and neutron-based vegetation monitoring. Continue with on-farm experiments at three F2F sites in Kansas and collect data from these farms.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Develop effective strategic management approaches for diversification and intensification of SGP cropping systems All summer crops for 2023 season were planted and data is under collection. At the end of this season will complete the summer crop work. Conducted large-scale regional calibration of APEX for yield simulation in Oklahoma and Kansas for core crops and crop rotations including wheat, cotton, corn, soybean, and sorghum. Integrating large experimental dataset shared by Romulo into more rigorous source for model assessment and improvement. Conducted wide-range of simulation scenarios for economic analysis. Planning scaling approach for novel integrated modeling-TFPmanuscript. Developed crop rotations to model simulations to understand TFPunder current rotations in Kansas and Oklahoma Supported implementation of scaled TFP simulations. Develop effective tactical management approaches for improved mid-season input decisions Developed plan for on-farm experiment at Rendel farm in NE OK. Four farmers participated in-person at the 2023 RAIN project meeting in Wichita, KS, and provided valuable feedback to the project team. Completed laboratory analysis of soil physical properties for sample from cultivated and adjacent uncultivated areas on participating farms. Identifying workable field experiments for remaining two participating farmers to match RAIN project objectives and farmer interests and logistical constraints. Cropland Observation Nodes (CRONOS) CRONOS generation 2 stations in Oklahoma built and deployed with the new Raspberry Pi based cameras developed by former REU student Connor Colby. We are currently collecting data that may be used in comparison with generation 1 stations. Prototyping 3rd generation CRONOS station in Oklahoma with two Li-6 detector cells, one moderated and one unmoderated. We plan to test this prototype in terms of its capability to monitor changes in crop biomass over the growing season. Finding good cameras has been an issue in the past, but with the new R-pi cameras some of that stress has been alleviated. Modeling and Analysis The Oklahoma soil moisture mapping system has been extended backwards in time. Daily statewide estimates of soil moisture at 800-m resolution and three depths (5, 25, and 60 cm) are now available online from 1997 to present. Nitrogen tool has been deployed on AWS cloud. Initial validation was completed. Estimated economic efficiency frontier to provide producers practical guidance in selecting double cropping systems and fertilizer management strategies that maximize expected returns while controlling for downside risks Calculated profit-risk tradeoffs of candidate cropping systems Used dynamic bioeconomic model to determine optimal herbicide management strategies for wheat-summer crop systems Developing a wheat plant growth model for estimating the value of in-season N management strategies To better represent cropland in the regional soil moisture mapping systems, we plan to include remotely-sensed vegetation data. It is challenging to identify an operational remotely-sensed vegetation index product with daily updates, but we have identified a promising candidate product from USGS based on MODIS data. Provide integrated extension efforts to empower stakeholders to understand and use the resulting cropping system information and technologies Presented combined data across multiple RAIN projects at Winter Crops School. Two presentations were given- one over the weed control benefits of sweep tillage and one over the soil health implications of sweep tillage. A poster was also presented with basic information over tumble windmill grass (a target weed of one of the studies). A survey was included with the poster for producers to complete to guide future work in tumble windmill grass management. Create new educational opportunities to recruit and train the next generation of agricultural systems managers and researchers Hosted our third cohort of REU students. A total of 11 students were part of the cohort. Gabriela DeAlmeida- Tenessee Tech University, workedon the project "Soil Health in Rainfed Cropping Systems". Her project looked atbiological soil health measurements to evaluate the effect of different cropping systems in soil health. Dylan Brown- Washington College, workedon the project "Implementation of Cover Crops into Summer Production Systems in the Southern Great Plains". His project looked toevaluate impacts of species, management, and potential grazing on the growth and species dynamics of cover crops systems dryland system in Oklahoma. Tess Kern- Iowa State University, workedon the project "Field Research and Crop Simulation". Tess learntabout field production of major crops (e.g., legumes and cereals). Herresearch project involved analysis of plant growth and development to better understand the effect of soil and weather on plant processes and yield formation with the goal integrating the data into crop simulation models. Andy Lee Thornton- Texas A&M University, workedon the project "Assessing Farmers' Risk Behavior in In-season Nitrogen Management Decisions". Andy's projectinvolved in outreaching farmers in Kansas and Oklahoma to use a web-based nitrogen recommendation tool, and understand the farmer's risk tolerance levels to weather and market uncertainties while making nitrogen management decisions. Abby Livingston- Oklahoma State University, workedon the project "Potential of Wheat Residue for Biological Weed Suppression". Abbygained hands-on experience in field production of winter wheat in Kansas, and laboratory experience by performing research focused on biological weed suppression using extracts from winter wheat straw of different varieties. Luke Reynolds-Oklahoma State University, workedon the project "Evaluating Grazing Cover Crops as Regenerative Agriculture Management". Lukeevaluated cover crops' forage yield, quality, residue cover potential, weed suppression, water use efficiency, soil water dynamics, and cover crop's effect on the following wheat production. Luke learned about forage yield sampling techniques (destructive and non-destructive methods), soil water measurements, forage sampling, processing, and analysis for quality. Talia Kolodkin- Yale University, worked on the project "Nitrogen Mineralization in Wheat Base Cropping System". Talia evaluated the rate of nitrogen mineralization at the end of the wheat season over different rainfed cropping systems. Teegin Crosthwait-Oklahoma State University,worked on the project "Agronomy/Physiology/Microbiology".A germination chamber experiment was conducted to quantify and compare the effect of different methods to improve germination. Stephen "Trey" Adams- Washburn University, worked on the project "Nitrogen Management for Conservation Tillage". Treyevaluated nitrogen response for contrasting tillage systems and evaluate key parameters of nitrogen use efficiency in corn, and the need for adjustments in nitrogen fertilization under conservation tillage. Patrick Belk- Clemson University,worked on the project "Weed Ecology Interactions in Cropping Systems".Patrick documented weed species that emerge and occur across several field studies with different crops, documented changes in plant growth and biomass, and predicted seed productionto know what their future impact will be. Abigail Mejia Sanchez- Kansas State University,worked on the project "Development of an Internet of Things Soil Moisture Sensor".Abigail worked with the CRONOS team to evaluate sensor prototypes and conduct field validation of the sensor.? REUs made excellent presentations at the RAIN annual meeting. REU students had weekly meetings, and attended the professional development session. Classes were given on resume building. Some of the REUs were able to attend the Annual Weed Science Society of America meeting. One of the REUs, Tess Kern, placed first for herbicide identification.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Ignacio Massigoge, Ana Carcedo, Jane Lingenfelser, Trevor Hefley, P.V. Vara Prasad, Dan Berning, Sara Lira, Carlos D. Messina, Charles W. Rice, Ignacio Ciampitti. Maize planting date and maturity in the US central Great Plains: Exploring windows for maximizing yields,
European Journal of Agronomy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2023.126905
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Singh H., Northup B.K., Vara Prasad P.V. Water storage and use efficiencies of rainfed winter wheat-summer green
manure systems of the US Southern Great Plains. European Journal of Agronomy 146 (2023) 126818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eja.2023.126818
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Lin, J.S., Sarto, M.V.M., Carter, T.L. et al. Soil organic carbon, aggregation and fungi community after 44 years of no-till and cropping systems in the Central Great Plains, USA. Arch Microbiol 205, 84 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03421-2
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Wagle P., Raghav P., Kumar M., Gunter S.A. (2023). Influence of water use efficiency parameterizations on flux variance similarity-based partitioning of evapotranspiration; https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168192322004415
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Nandan, R., Bandaru, V., He, J., Daughtry, C., Gowda, P., & Suyker, A. E. (2022). Evaluating Optical Remote Sensing Methods for Estimating Leaf Area Index for Corn and Soybean. Remote Sens. 2022, 14(21), 5301; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215301
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Rice, C. W., Pires, C. B., Lin, J., & Sarto, M. V. (2021). Soil Organic Carbon Assessment Methods. Soil Health Series: Volume 2 Laboratory Methods for Soil Health Analysis, 38- 51. 10.1002/9780891189831.ch3
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Wagle, P., Skaggs, T. H., Gowda, P. H., Northup, B. K., & Neel, J. P. (2020). Flux variance similarity-based partitioning of evapotranspiration over a rainfed alfalfa field using high frequency eddy covariance data. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 285, 107907. 10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.107907
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Enoch Adom. Modeling In-Season Nitrogen Decisions for Wheat Using DSSAT. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Ignacio Massigoge. Exploring Options for Crop Intensification in the US Central Great Plains. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Rohit Nandan. Spatially-explicit Estimates of Total Factor Productivity Under Current Cropping Practices in Kansas and Oklahoma. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Sudipti Parajuli. Measuring Soil Water Evaporation Using Multi Probe Heat Pulse Sensors?. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Rudra Baral. Exploring Alternative Forage Crops for Wheat Based Rainfed Cropping System In Kansas. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Jessica Bezerradeoliveira. Intensification Of Wheat-Based Systems: Impact on N2O Emissions. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Mary M. Boateng. Economically Efficient Double Cropping Systems for Rainfed Wheat Growers in the Southern Great Plains. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Sofia Cominelli. Quantifying Soil Evaporation in Rainfed Winter Wheat Using a Data Assimilation Approach. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Cole Diggins. Soil Structural Quality in Cultivated and Uncultivated Lands in the Southern Great Plains. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Cesar Guareschi. Seasonal Variability of Soil Health Indicators Under Intensified and Diversified Rainfed Cropping Systems. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Dayton Lambert. Weed Control and Optimal Wheat-Double Cropping Systems. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Carlos Pires. Crop Intensification and Diversification Effect in the Soil Microbial Community Structure and Activity in the SGP. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Joaquin Peraza Rud. Crnpy: A Flexible Workflow for Soil Moisture Estimation From Cosmic Ray Neutron Counts. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Luana Machado Simao. RAIN Field Experiment: Winter Crops Results in Kansas. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Pradeep Wagle. Partitioning of Evapotranspiration Using High-Frequency Eddy Covariance Data. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Nishadini Widanagamage. Study Of Heterotrophic Soil Respiration as a Function of Soil Matric Potential Under Different Land Covers. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Stephen Adams. Comparing the Changes in Soil Nutrient Composition of Different Soil Probe Lubrications. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Gabriela de Almeida. Fate of 15N Fertilizer in Wheat-Based Cropping Systems?. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Patrick Belk. Examining The Impact of Cover Crops on Weed Suppression & Soil Moisture Conservation. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Abby Livingston. Allelopathic Potential for Weed Suppression Across Differing Wheat Varieties and Environments. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Abigail Mejia. Validation of a Web-Based Application for Classifying Crop Residue. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Luke Reynolds. Evaluating the Effects of Interseeding Winter Wheat on Bermudagrass for Early Summer Production. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Andy Lee Thornton. In-Season Forecasting Nitrogen Recommendation. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Charles Rice. RAIN Project Overview Year 4 Updates. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Dorivar Diaz, Brian Northup. RAIN Objective 1: Cropping System by N Management Field Experiment: Accomplishments and Challenges. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Dylan Brown. Simulated Haying Impacts on Cover Crop Growth, Development, and Forage Quality. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Teegin Crosthwait. What it Takes to Germinate: A Scarred Seed Story. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Tess Kern. Effect of Cold Shock Temperature on Emergence of Corn, Soybean, Sorghum. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Talia Kolodkin. Impact of Long-Term Land Use on Soil Microbial Activity at Various Depths. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Tyson Ochsner, Prasad Bandaru. RAIN Objective 2: Tactical Management for SGP Cropping Systems Year 4 Progress Overview. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Ignacio Ciampitti, Brian Arnall. RAIN Objective 3: Integrated Extension Efforts to Empower Stakeholders. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
J. Dille. Objective 4: RAIN-REUs: Observations After 2.5 Cohorts of new Researchers. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Bruno Basso. Digital Agriculture to Design and Scale Climate Smart Agriculture. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Laurel Schmidt. Feedback on RAIN project progress. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Pavan Pativada. Data Management in RAIN: optimizing Data Collection, Data Organization and Storage. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Prasad Bandaru. Extreme events - radical farming approaches to cope with extreme weather. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Tyson Ochsner. Beyond the farm optimizing the connections between farms, rural communities, and natural resources. 2023 RAIN annual meeting, Wichita, KS. July 27-28, 2023.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
William G. Brown, Michael H. Cosh, Jingnuo Dong, Tyson Ochsner. 2022. Upscaling soil moisture from point scale to field scale: Toward a general model. Vadose Zone Journal. e20244. DOI: 10.1002/vzj2.20244
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Denton (Cole) Cole Diggins, Tyson Ochsner, William G. Brown, Andres Patrignani. CRONOS: Integrated Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Monitoring Systems for Cropland. Pivot Bio Agronomy Team. 02/07/2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Denton (Cole) Cole Diggins, Tyson Ochsner, William G. Brown, Andres Patrignani. CRONOS: Integrated Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Monitoring Systems for Cropland.SSSA Annual International Meeting, Baltimore, MD. 11/05/2022
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Xiangjie Chen, Robert G Chambers, Varaprasad Bandaru, Curtis Dinneen Jones, Tyson Ochsner, Travis Witt. Precision Nitrogen Management for Winter Wheat under Price and Weather Uncertainty. Agricultural Systems.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Romulo Pisa Lollato, Anita Dille, Claire Bott, Luiz Pradella. 2023. Allelopathic Potential of Winter Wheat Varieties for Weed Suppression. Kansas Field Research 2023.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Leann Westbrook, Dayton M. Lambert, Amy D. Hagerman, Lixia H. Lambert, Eric A. DeVuyst, and Chellie A. Maples. 2023. Should Producers of Rainfed Wheat Buy Agricultural Risk Coverage or Price Loss Coverage? Choices journal. https://www.choicesmagazine.org/choices-magazine/submitted-articles/should-producers-of-rainfed-wheat-buy-agricultural-risk-coverage-or-price-loss-coverage
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Enoch Adom. In-season Nitrogen Application Decisions for Wheat. Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. Oklahoma City. 02/04/2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Chellie A Hogan. Herbicide Resistance Management in the U.S. Southern Great Plains and Rainfed No-Till Cropping Systems. Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. Oklahoma City. 02/04/2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Mary Boateng, Lixia Lambert, Dayton Lambert, Curtis Jones. Are rainfed double cropping systems preferred by risk-averse producers? Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. Oklahoma City. 02/04/2023.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Andres Patrignani, Tyson E. Ochsner, Lei Feng, Don Dyer, Pedro R. Rossini. 2023. Calibration and validation of soil water reflectometers. Vadose Zone Journal. e20190. DOI: 10.1002/vzj2.20190.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
J. Tanner Childers, Misha Manuchehri, Vipan Kumar, Tyson Ochsner. 2023. Sensitivity of nonresistant winter wheat to quizalofop-P-ethyl in central Oklahoma and Kansas. Weed Technology. 36: 609615. doi: 10.1017/wet.2022.64
- Type:
Other
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Romulo Pisa Lollato, Andres Patrignani. 2023. Previous Crop Impacts on Wheat Variety Performance in Central Kansas During the 20212022 Growing Season. Kansas Field Research 2023
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Leann Westbrook, Dayton M. Lambert, Lixia H. Lambert, Amy D. Hagerman, Eric A. DeVuyst, and Chellie A. Hogan. Rainfed Wheat Production and Federal Safety Net Choices. Choices Magazine.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Romulo Pisa Lollato, Andres Patrignani, Sofia Cominelli. 2023. Previous Crop Impacts Winter Wheat Sowing Dates, Available Water at Sowing, and Grain Yield. Kansas Field Research 2023
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Dayton Lambert. Rainfed Wheat Production and Crop Insurance Choices. Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA. 02/13/2022.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Ignacio Massigoge. Opportunities for Intensification Via Management of Maize Planting Date and Maturity in the US Central Great Plains. ASA, CSSA, SSSA. Baltimore, Maryland. 11/06/2022.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Lin JS, Sarto MVM, Carter TL, Peterson DE, Gura C, Mino L, Rohrs M, Lucas H, Clark J, Rice CW. Soil organic carbon, aggregation and fungi community after 44 years of no-till and cropping systems in the Central Great Plains, USA. Arch Microbiol. 2023 Feb 7;205(3):84. doi: 10.1007/s00203-023-03421-2. PMID: 36750497.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Yuan Zhang, Lixia H Lambert, F B Norwood, Dayton Lambert, J Biermacher. Optimal wheat, stocker, and cow-calf operational decision-making under uncertainty. SAEA, Oklahoma City. 02/05/2023
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Mary Boateng, Lixia H Lambert, Dayton Lambert, Curtis Dinneen Jones. Industrial hemp production and market risk analysis in Oklahoma. SAEA, Oklahoma City. 02/05/2023
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Lixia H Lambert, Amy D Hagerman. Industrial hemp production and market risk analysis in Oklahoma. Journal of Applied Farm Economics.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Lixia H. Lambert. Precision Nitrogen Management for Winter Wheat under Price and Weather Uncertainty. WAEA. Whistler, BC, Canada. 07/17/2023
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Grace Flusche Ogden, Jason Warren. Weed Control Benefits and Soil Response to Sweep Tillage. Western Society of Weed Science, Boise, ID. 02/27/2023
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Grace Flusche Ogden, Jason Warren. Controlling Tumble Windmill Grass with Sweep Tillage. Oklahoma State University Winter Crops School, Stillwater, OK, USA. 12/14/2022
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Sarah Mustain, Grace Flusche Ogden, Jason Warren. Oklahoma Soil Response to Sweep Tillage. ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD. 11/07/2022.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Alyssa C Thelin, Jason Warren, Misha Manuchehri. Managing Tumble Windmill Grass with Sweep Tillage. ASA, CSSA, SSSA International Annual Meeting, Baltimore, MD. 11/07/2022.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Ignacio Antonio Ciampitti. Exploring alternative crop rotations to continuous winter wheat for agricultural intensification in the US central Great Plains. Agronomy Journal.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Ana Julia Paula Carcedo, Ignacio Antonio Ciampitti. Corn planting and frost risk in central and eastern Kansas. Extension article exploring different planting dates (April-July) and hybrid maturities (72-115 CRM) in central and eastern Kansas. 11/04/2022.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Chellie Hogan, Dayton Lambert, Misha Manuchehri. Managing Herbicide Resistance in Southern Great Plains Rainfed Cropping Systems. Southern Agricultural Economics Association, Oklahoma City, OK, USA. 02/04/2023.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Josh Lofton. Evaluating the effects of nitrogen rate and planting population on yield in full season double crop corn in southern Great Plains. International ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT. 11/07/2021.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Josh Lofton. Impacts of winter and summer crop selection on the performance of double-crop systems. Documenting the impact of winter crops have on the growth and development of summer crops in double-crop and outline decision process.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Dallas Peterson, Kraig Roozeboom, Charles Rice, Juan Du, Xiaomao Lin, Romulo Lollato. Long-Term Rotation And Tillage Modulate Grain Yield Of Soybean, Sorghum, And Wheat. Agronomy Journal. 11/02/2022
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2023
Citation:
Hardeep Singh, Brian K. Northup, Vara Prasad, Prasanna Gowda, Gurjinder Baath. Moth bean and tepary bean as green nitrogen sources in intensive winter wheat cropping systems. Agronomy Journal.
|
Progress 09/01/21 to 08/31/22
Outputs
Target Audience:We have sought to bring increased awareness of the project to target audiences, including producers, county educators, crop consultants, extension personnel, and policymakers in the region. Wehave held field days at farmers' fields who are part of the Farmer-to-Farmer network. These field days have demonstratedoutcomes from intensive cropping systems management at the farm level, including the successes as well as the challenges in adapting new technologies to real on-farm situations. The field days have been well received and have attracted many farmers and producers who are interested in adopting no-till intensive cropping systems. National and state policymakers have been briefed about the project and have been encouraged to visit the no-till plots at Kansas State University and at various demonstration sites throughout Kansas. The following tools have been used to reach out to the target audience during the last reporting period- Soil health field day at Knopf Farm Development of several extension tools On-farm research studies (several established over the previous years) Knowledge exchange with farmers and industry Participation in activities with schools and community Several videos and social media posts In order to reach a wide audience, we use socialmedia platforms such as YouTube, Facebook and Twitter to highlight the products created through the RAIN project. In April 2022,Charles Rice (PI), and several graduate students presented at theNIFA SAS CAP meeting, which was held in Kansas City. The meeting helped highlight the RAIN project to several academics and has opened a dialogue to collaborate on similar projects. Changes/Problems:Task 1.1- The 2021 double crop soybean was successfully established and good stand achieved. Unfortunately extreme drought significantly impacted final yield potential. No yields over 20 bushel were achieved. The 2022 summer crop trials in Kansas were planted, but the late season corn got planted very late (after wheat harvest). Still, main challenges were related to the harvest time for wheat and weed control. As with others, dry conditions and unforeseen pest pressure made soybean harvest lower than expected or were not able to be conducted. Trials will be moved next year to limit the potential of pest pressure. Grazinglands Research Laboratory: Drought during November to April reduced production by wheat, and severe drought during summer resulted in reduced performance of summer crops. Task 1.2- R.C. Izaurralde has effectively retired from the University of Maryland and the SAS RAIN Project as of March 31, 2022. He continues to collaborate with the SAS RAIN Project to complete ongoing projects during the rest of 2022. Difficulty filling the data manager has limited utilization of project experimental resources for model calibration. Task 2.1- The initial F2F Network meeting was postponed due to an ice storm that made travel hazardous. A new date is currently being identified. Task 2.2- We have experienced a variety of technical problems with the CRONOS stations including power supply problems, communications problems, and reliability problems, particularly with the crop monitoring cameras. New batteries, solar panels, and modems are being deployed to solve these problems. We made progress this summer on the development of an improved crop monitoring camera. Drought impacted crops. Task 2.3- Hiring students during the pandemic. We had some equipment issues in the beginning of the experiment that were addressed. Task 2.4- Due to transition of Varaprasad Bandaru from UMD to USDA, hiring of post-doc was delayed. Task 3.1- We are just producing new research that should be out in a format of Extension publications in coming years. COVID delayed our progress on connected to farmers and establish on-farm studies. Task 4.2- Covid-19 restrictions implicated long-distance travel and vehicle capacity. Additional trip to Shawnee Mills was cancelled as the facility is not currently accepting tours due to COVID-19. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?The RAIN project holds monthly all scientist meetings where a student will present an update of his or her research. A lengthy discussion follows this. The KSU teamhas trained several visitng scholars as part of field activity conducted with this project. In addition, 4 MS, and 22PhD students arecurrently being trained. Wehave one post-doc who is also working on the project. We have trained 10REU students on various aspects of the RAIN project. Please see below for the projects that the REUs were trained on this summer. The graduate students and REU scholars were trained on data processing skills and participated in field days as a part of this activity. Tyson Ochsner has provided training for MS student on the design and programming of CRONOS cropland monitoring stations. He has also provided training for MS student on Matlab coding for data analysis, andon scientific writing and presentations.Opportunities were provided for one MS student, two undergraduate students, one REU student, and one summer graduate student intern working on the project in Ochsner's group. Brian Arnall has sponsored two REU students over the summer of 2021, who were mentored by two PhD students. Dayton Lambert has provided research guidance and mentorship to three PhD students engaged in the project. The project annual meetings provided a forum for students working on the project to present their findings to project co-pis.Project workshops, and resources to present research at professional conferences have helped students develop public speaking skills. The REUsreceived professional development through presenting their findings at weekly seminars as well as the RAIN annual meeting. The REUswere given hands on training experience inthe following fields- Brooke Holtworked with Travis Witt at USDA-ARS. She was trained on the importance ofnitrogen production to the cropping systems of the Great Plains of the United States. Her project looked at incorporating nitrogen to a cropping system is through the use of legumes. Cassiday Holthworked with Andres Patrignani at Kansas State University.Herresearch experience focused on developing and testing a state-of-the-art non-invasive soil moisture sensing technology for agricultural fields using Internet of Things technology. The goal of the project was to develop a sensor that does not require soil insertion and that it can be easily relocated when needed.She worked closely with the faculty and graduate students on the CRONOS team to evaluate sensor prototypes, program the sensor hardware, and conduct field validation of the sensor. Claire Bott worked with Romulo Lollato at Kansas State University. Shehadthe opportunity to work closely with graduate students and gain knowledge of precision agriculture technologies and research. She was trained oncollecting in-situ data for vegetation indices on winter wheat. Cole Fuemmelerworked with Pradeep Wagle at USDA-ARS.Field experiments wereconducted to measure ecosystem-scale CO2 and H2O fluxes, weather data, biometric measurements (biomass, leaf area index, canopy cover percentage), and collect remote sensing observations in diverse cropping systems with different management practices. The training focused onlearning the importance of crop physiology, eddy covariance measurements to document gain of carbon and loss of water, remote sensing with Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) flights, and analysis techniques. Connor Colby worked with Tyson Ochsner at Oklahoma State University.Theresearch experience was focused on the development and testing of improved crop monitoring cameras for use in CRopland Observatory NOdeS (CRONOS). Connor worked with the CRONOS team to evaluate the possibility of creating and programming such a camera system using off-the-shelf components such as Arduino or Raspberry pi. Grant Snider worked with Charles Rice at Kansas State University. He conducted research on soil health and nutrient dynamics in rainfed cropping systems. Grant evaluated the effect of cover crops and no-tillage in the soil microbial community composition and enzyme activity, and worked onidentifying the microbial mechanisms driving soil carbon and nitrogendynamics. Nadia Doradoworked with Brian Arnall at Oklahoma State University.She was trained onthe use of sensors to make in-season nitrogen recommendations in cotton, sesame, and sorghum, as well asdevelop new approaches to nitrogen management. Ruth Davisworked with Ignacio Ciampitti at Kansas State University.Her research project involved analysis of plant growth and development to better understand the effect of soil and weather on plant process and yield formation, with the goal of integrating the data into crop simulation models. Teresa Nguyenworked with Dorivar Ruiz Diaz at Kansas State University. Her training was to evaluate nitrogen response for contrasting tillage systems and evaluate key parameters of nitrogen use efficiency in corn, and the need for adjustments in nitrogen fertilization under conservation tillage. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?The following methods have been used to disseminate results to communities of interest- Fifteen publications in peer-reviewed journals. Eighty four conference papers and presentationsat various regional, and national conferences, and at the RAIN annual meeting. Twofield days, one at Gutterman Brothers field and a soil health field day at Justin Knopf's farm. Approximately 160 people attended the field day at theGutterman Brothers field and 85 people attended thesoil health field day at Justin Knopf's farm. People in attendance comprised of faculty and students from Kansas State University, industry, farmers, ranchers, and producers. Winter meetings, and presentations at Oklahoma State University Winter Crops School, held from 12/15/21-12/16/21.Many of the sessions focus on how and why nutrients and pesticides react, as well as why they're needed or applied in certain ways Project results have been disseminated to the scientific community by presentations at the ASA, CSSA, and SSSA International Annual Meeting in Salt Lake City, UT. RAIN faculty and students presented 17posters, and conference presentations at the meeting. Development of several extension tools, these have been shared through Oklahoma State's Sunup TV (Facebook and Twitter @sunuptv), Kansas State's rainfed ag website (https://www.rainfedag.org/), Nitrogen and water fact sheets (https://www.rainfedag.org/extension), YouTube channel (https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWhIfCPV5q0627dUDn9iiEQ), and RAIN Twitter (@RainfedAg) and Facebook channels (https://www.facebook.com/RainfedAg/) On-farm research studieshave been established on 6 farmer fields. The three in KS include the implementation of cover crops in their rotation. Baseline sampling for soil health has been conducted. The farmers also participated in the annual RAIN project meeting, where they presented their challenges to their farming operations. This discussion has resulted in ideas for new projects or measurements within the RAIN project. Knowledge exchange with farmers and industry through field days. Farmers and industry have been encouraged to visit the test sites at Kansas State in order to see application of no-till intensive farming practices. Participation in activities with schools and the community Several videos and social media posts Sharing of preliminary results through seminars and workshops at Agronomy department- weekly lab meeitngs andinvited guest speakers help disseminate information to attendees. RAIN annual meetings- The annual meetings are attended by the RAIN advisory board, as well as Farmers fromthe Farmer to Farmer network. The advisory board and farmers are able to be brought up to speed on progress of the project. American Society of Agronomy (ASA):RAIN faculty and students presented 17posters, and conference presentations at the meeting. Initiation of manuscript writing as a part of PhD dissertation. The manuscript, once published in peer-reviewed journals,is available in public domain. Sharing the fact Sheet on forage dry matter yield and forage nutritive value among RAIN project team In order to reach a wide audience, we use socialmedia platforms such as YouTube, Facebook and Twitter to highlight the products created through the RAIN project. In April 2022,Charles Rice (PI), and several graduate students presented at theNIFA SAS CAP meeting, which was held in Kansas City. The meeting helped highlight the RAIN project to several academics and has opened a dialogue to collaborate on similar projects. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals? Continue the process of training new scholars. Continue providing regular monthly seminars for the whole project team to promote greater awareness and collaboration regarding all the ongoing research, extension, and education activities in the project. Continue working on assigned project topics. Activity 1 - work on partitioning of ET into E and T, and improve water use efficiency (Activity 2.3 in Strategic Plan). Continue to partition eddy covariance measured ET and validate results across different crop types. Establish winter and summer crop as forage Coordinate with Dr. Lollato's and Dr. Ciampitti's team to establish winter wheat and trticale as winter crop and soybean Coordinate with graduate student team involved in RAIN project for field related work such as weeding, information sharing, data sharing Sample collection and measurement Collect samples at different growth stages and send to a commercial lab for forage nutritive value analysis Develop a synthesis paper on water use efficiency based on the first three years of the crop rotations Activity 1.1: Activity 2 - 1.7. Calibration and validation of the models: Specific tasks - Data from field will be collected from fields related to crop growth and utilized to adjust APSIM models for predicting biomass and yield at the system-scale. Collect eddy fluxes and biometric measurements from different cropping systems. Collect supporting data (eddy fluxes and biometric measurements) for modeling activities (Activity 2.4 in Strategic Plan). Leverage datasets available through RAIN and RAIN collaborators to improve calibration of non-wheat crops 1.1. Evaluating novel crops and crop rotation systems: Specific task - evaluation novel crop and rotation in one locationin KS. Maintain field experiments. Continue current 23 crop rotations assigned to small plots within the RAIN project. 1.2. Crop Productivity: Specific task - data from the experiments described above will be collected at two-week intervals during the growing seasons beginning two weeks after planting. Activity 1.2: Collect and analyze crop productivity data from crop rotations assigned to small plots within the RAIN project. Specific task: Analyze data & write journal manuscript on biomass production and forage quality of wheat and soybean from a subset of rotations. Activity 1.3: Collect and analyze soil health data Specific task: Collect soil cores at 0-5, 5-15 and 15-30 cm. Analyze for soil organic C and total N,and biological health indicators Complete analysis of soil organic carbon and soil nutrients from samples collected in cultivated and uncultivated land in OK and KS. Draft manuscript comparing soil health in cultivated and uncultivated lands in the Southern Great Plains. Activity 1.4: Collect and analyze soil N data Specific task: Analyze data & write journal manuscripts on concentrations of soil mineral N. Write journal manuscripts. 1.5. Water use and precipitation-use efficiency (and N use efficiency): Specific task - Site-specific weather data will be used to develop water budgets. These water budgets will allow us to estimate the impacts of drought stress on the crops and to calculate the precipitation use efficiency. Write journal manuscripts?on precipitation use efficiency, and impacts crop rotations on soil water. Activity 1.8:Finalize regional calibration of major regional crops with coverage in NASS yield reporting. Activity 2.1 Farmer-to-Farmer Network Design and initiate on-farm experiments at three F2F sites in Oklahoma. Field experiments at Farmer-to-Farmer Network sites in Oklahoma. Activity 2.2 Cropland Observation Nodes (CRONOS) Maintain network of 6 CRONOS stations in OK. Provide CRONOS data to the modeling team for use in simulations. Continue research on vegetation monitoring systems for cropland including new or better cameras and neutron-based vegetation monitoring. Activity 2.6- Utilize the N-rich strip approach and experimental datasets to compare the utility of a comparable EPIC-based tool. Use simulation models to evaluate the tradeoffs associated with delayed N applications. Following manuscripts are currently being put together- Manuscript on integrating data from the rotation and calculating efficiencies. Conference abstracts, presentations, and Extension publication. Manuscript on model calibration for SGP wheat-based systems and application for in-season N recommendation A series of manuscripts on eddy flux measurements, ET modeling, and ET partitioning. Manuscript on forage quality of wheat and soybean from a subset of crop rotations. Manuscripts on concentrations of soil total and mineral N in response to crop rotations. Manuscripts on:1) precipitation use efficiency, and 2) impacts of crop rotations on soil water. One manuscript on soil health in cultivated vs uncultivated lands in the southern Great Plains ready for submission. Improvement on ET modeling and ET partitioning algorithms
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Task 1.1 For winter wheat, crop phenology, biomass, and N concentrations were taken. Soybean and cornsuccessfully grown inManhattan, KS, for the growing season 2022. Data collection is on progress, crop phenology and biomass. Double crop wheat-soybean fertility trials were successfully taken to harvest. Data has been analysis completed and new locations established for the 21-22 cropping season. Soil health measurements were taken 4 times based on phenological plant growth. Data has been analyzed and information is preparation for reporting purposes. Grazinglands Research Laboratory:Small plot work on wheat-summer crop rotations within experimental plots were undertaken in 21-22, and isprogressing. Data collections related to soil water, soil N and C, and biomass production in rotations continued. Continued 3 new rotations started in 2020-21 that examine wheat-summer grain legume rotations to define the function of tepary bean, mung bean, and cowpeain wheat grain - legume grain scenarios. These rotations match companion wheat-legume rotations where the legumes are managed as green N crops that support winter wheat. At field-scale, a series of 25 to 53 acre pastures were managed in winter cover crop-summer row crop rotations comprised of winter wheat during November to April, and grain soybeanand sorghum fromMay to October. Neighboring pastures were planted to summer crops in rotation with winter fallow. Data pertaining to Eddy covariance (EC) fluxes in CO2, water, and energy were collected throughout the cropping cycle, as were amounts of biomass produced, canopy cover, and weather variables. Backlogs of samples requiring processing and scanning with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy before laboratory analyseshave been cleared. In OK, trials evaluating intercropping has made good progress. Locations increased to two locations this season and a graduate student (Josie Rice) was placed on the study for her Master's work. All trials have been planted and in-season data collection has been made throughout the season. Work has shown that the only differences between intercropping systems and traditional wheat systems were forage accumulation. Yield was not significantly different between the two systems, with a 22% decrease in yields in double-crop systems. During the 2022 drought conditions, the full-season crops have decreased the most weekly between the two systems. However, compared to previous season, soil moisture has not benefited from the intercropping system. Conversely, early-season moisture following planting was significantly lower for the intercropped system compared to the traditional system.One explanation for this could be the timing of dry conditions. In previous years droughthas occurred later in June and been more intermittent, while this year the drought occured throughout June and was consistent. Yields will be collected at the end of the season and the plots will return to wheat.This is when the additional treatments will be applied. Within each system, three N rates will be applied (30, 60, and 90 lbs N/ac).This will attempt to quantify the N return differences in these three production systems. Activity 1.3:Ochsner's group completed laboratory measurements of soil physical properties related to soil health on samples collected from transects across adjacent cultivated and uncultivated land at 6 locations associated with RAIN project research sites in Oklahoma and Kansas. Activity 1.5:Patrignani's group had collected volumetric water content and canopy cover for 5 treatments of Ashland Bottoms plots since November 2020, and created soil water storage maps. Task 1.2 Activity 1.7:Patrignani's group had been working in 6 CRONOS stations calibrations and validation. They are placed in Flickner Innovation Farm (2 stations), Justin Knopf farm (2 stations), Neon (1 station) and Ashland Bottoms (1 station). With experimental data largely unavailable for calibration, framework building and data processing has been conducted to utilize state-level USDA crop progress reports, USDA crop progress layer data, USDA NASS county yields, and USDA Cropland Data Layer to characterize cropping system management, crop phenology, and model parameters under single and double cropping systems. Given its relevance in the region, cotton has been added as a supported crops. Activity 1.9:The modeling team is updating databases to conduct final simulations and analyze results. These revisions include details on crop rotations, management, crop-soil-economic databases, and evaluation methods for productivity, resource-use efficiency, and soil health. Task 1.3 Activity 1.10:The modeling team used simulation results from Activity 1.9 to estimatefarm-scaleTFPIndices(ratios of aggregate output over aggregate inputs) for three cropping systems varying in cropping intensity and inputs. Calculated TFP indices vary among treatments but are relativelystatic (i.e. lack dynamic changes in prices, costs, etc.). Major Activity 2: Activity 2.1:Planned the initial in-person meeting for farmers and researchers involved with the F2F Network.Three out of six members of the F2F network participated in the RAIN project annual meeting in Wichita, KS, on July 25-26. Activity 2.2:Second generation CRONOS stations using lower cost Li-foil neutron detectors have been constructed and deployed at research sites across OK and KS.Data from three CRONOS sites in Oklahoma (including two F2F network sites) have been analyzed and formed the basis for one MS student thesis.One REU student worked this summer to develop an improved crop monitoring camera system controlled by a Raspberry Pi micro-computer.Further lab and field testing is ongoing. Activity 2.3:We have been collecting flux data in two sites located near Manhattan and Gypsum, KS. The second site was established at the Knopf's farm. One paper was published in the Hydrology Journal. We are also building heat-pulse sensors to be used to validate ET partitioning methods that use flux tower measurements. Two PhD students are working on the data collected in this project. Task 2.4 We built a prototype nitrogen recommendation tool that can produce nitrogen recommendations for early spring application.As part of selecting weather generator to use nitrogen recommendation tool, we evaluated three different weather generators including 1. Richardson model (Markov chain-exponential approach), 2. WeatherGen model (Markov chain and KNN resampling scheme) and 3. Vector Auto-Regressive based approach. To improve weather forecasts, we used spatial disaggregation and bias correction (SDBC) approach to interpolate and bias correct.Earlier, in the nitrogen web tool, fields were represented in the form of 100 m rectangular grid cells. To improve the representation, we explored using satellite based field boundary product (30 m).Shared results from historic nitrogen rate studies with the modeling group. Major Activity 3: We have established 6 farms in te Farmer to Farmer Network Soil health field day at Knopf Farm, development of several extension tools, on-farm research studies. Knowledge exchange with farmers and industry, participation in activities with schools and community, several videos and social media posts. Task 4.1 Activity 4.1: Ten REUstudents participated in research activities during the summer of 2022 at Oklahoma State University, USDA-ARS El Reno,and Kansas State University. Task 4.2 Activity 4.2:PLNT 4443/5543 Cropping Systems was offered at Oklahoma State in the fall of 2021. Six field trips were offered during the course, comprised of 3 commodity farm visits, two research station tours, and one tour of a local commercial grain consumer. Eleven guest lectures from Oklahoma State faculty and extension personnel were given over various agronomy topics. This class will be offered again in the fall of 2022 with a similar class schedule.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Varaprasad Bandaru, Raghu Yaramasu, Curtis Jones, R. C�sar Izaurralde, Ashwan Reddy, Fernando Sedano, Craig S.T. Daughtry, Inbal Becker-Reshef, Chris Justice. 2022. "Geo-CropSim: A Geo-spatial crop simulation modeling framework for regional scale crop yield and water use assessment". ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing. 183: 34-53 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2021.10.024.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Witt T, Flynn KC, Villavicencio C, Northup BK (2022). "Flood tolerance and flood loss predictions for tepary bean across the U.S. Southern Great Plains" Agronomy Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21084
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Efforts to Improve Crop Monitoring Camera Hardware and Methodology. Connor Colby, Tyson Ochsner. RAIN Annual Meeting- July 25-26, 2022, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Measuring Technical and Economic Efficiency of Rainfed Double Cropping Systems in the Southern Great Plains. Glenn Conover. Oklahoma State University. Completion date: 5/12/2022
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Evaluating the effects of nitrogen rate and planting population on yield in full season double crop corn in southern Great Plains. Josh Lofton. International ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting. 11/7/21-11/10/21. Salt Lake City, UT.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Impacts of winter and summer crop selection on the performance of double-crop systems. Josh Lofton.
Documenting the impact of winter crops have on the growth and development of summer crops in double-crop and outline decision process.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Advanced agronomic management practices for soybean production systems in Oklahoma. Anna Zander, Josh Lofton. Oklahoma State University. Completion date: 5/13/2022
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Evaluating Optical Remote Sensing Methods for Estimating Leaf Area Index for Corn and Soybean. Rohit Nandan, Varaprasad Bandaru, Craig Daughtry, Prasanna Gowda, Andy Suyker. Remote Sensing.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Maize planting date and maturity in the US Central Great Plains: Exploring paths for intensification. Ignacio Massigoge, Ignacio Ciampitti. Field Crops Research.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Total Factor Productivity Comparison of Crop Rotation Systems. Xiangjie Chen, Robert Chambers, Roberto Cesar Izurralde, Curtis Jones, Varaprasad Bandaru. RAIN Annual Meeting- July 25-26, 2022, Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Whole-Farm Evaluation of Productivity, Resource-Use Efficiency, and Soil Health. Roberto Cesar Izurralde, Curtis Jones, Varaprasad Bandaru, Robert Chambers, Tyson Ochsner, Travis Witt, Andres Patrignani, Charles Rice, Ignacio Ciampitti, Dayton Lambert, Romulo Lollato, Brian Northup, Brian Arnall, Vara Prasad, Jason Warren. International ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting. 11/7/21-11/10/21. Salt Lake City, UT.
- Type:
Theses/Dissertations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Cropland Observatory Nodes (CRONOS): Portable, Integrated Soil-Plant-Atmosphere Monitoring Systems. Denton Cole Diggins. Oklahoma State University. Completion date: 7/22/2022
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Flood tolerance and flood loss predictions for tepary bean across the U.S. Southern Great Plains. Travis Witt, K. Colton Flynn, Cindy Villavencio, Brian Nrothup. Agronomy Journal. 2022. DOI: 10.1002/agj2.21084
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Seasonal Variability of Biological Soil Health Indicators under Different Rainfed Cropping Systems. Cesar Guareschi, Charles Rice, Dorivar Ruiz Diaz, Andres Patrignani. 2022 ASA, CSSA, SSSA INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL MEETING COMMUNICATION AND PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT FOR HEALTHY PEOPLE AND A HEALTHY PLANET. 8/31/22.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
ADJUSTING N RATE IS THE FIRST STEP IN N MANAGEMENT INTENSIFICATION. Dorivar Ruiz Diaz, Romulo Lollato. GREAT PLAINS SOIL FERTILITY CONFERENCE (Virtual).
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
LONG-TERM ROTATION AND TILLAGE MODULATE GRAIN YIELD OF SOYBEAN, SORGHUM, AND WHEAT. Dallas Peterson, Kraig Roozeboom, Charles Rice, Juan Du, Xiaomao Lin, Romulo Lollato. Agronomy Journal.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Soil Texture Influences Root Removal and Carbon Content. Jason Warren, Reynilda Monteza. 2021 ASA, CSSA & SSSA Conference on A Creative Economy for Sustainable Development . 11/7/21-11/10/21. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Sweep tillage impact on corn, wheat, sorghum rotations. Grace Flusche Ogden, Jason Warren. Oklahoma State University Winter Crops School. 12/15/21-12/16/21. Stillwater, OK.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Sweep tillage impact on soil aggregate stability. Alyssa Thelin, Grace Flusche Ogden, Jason Warren. Oklahoma State University Undergraduate Research Symposium. 4/19/22. Stillwater, OK.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Effects of Phosphorus and Potassium Application Timing on a Wheat Double Crop Soybean System. Hunter Lovewell, Daryl Brian Arnall, Joao Luis Bigatao Souza, Bronc Finch. 2021 ASA, CSSA & SSSA Conference. 11/7/21-11/10/21. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Effects of Phosphorus and Potassium Application Timing on a Wheat Double Crop Soybean System. Hunter Lovewell, Daryl Brian Arnall, Joao Luis Bigatao Souza, Bronc Finch. OSU Winter Crops School. 12/13/21-12/14/21. Stillwater, OK.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Soil structural quality in cultivated and uncultivated lands in the US Great Plains. MAdison Morris, Denton (Cole) Diggins, Tyson Ochsner. 2021 ASA, CSSA & SSSA Conference. 11/7/21-11/10/21. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
CRopland Observation NodeS (CRONOS): an on-farm evaluation of integrated soil-plant-atmosphere observation systems in winter wheat fields. Denton (Cole) Diggins, Tyson Ochsner, William G. Brown, Andres Patrignani. 2021 ASA, CSSA & SSSA Conference. 11/7/21-11/10/21. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Partitioning evapotranspiration in a tallgrass prairie using micrometeorological and water use efficiency approaches under contrasting rainfall regimes. Adolpho Emanuel Quintela da Rocha, Eduardo Alvarez Santos, Andres Patrignani. 2022. Journal of Hydrology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127624
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Identifying Optimal Resistant Weed Management Strategies using Dynamic Programming. Chellie A. Hogan, Dayton Lambert, Misha Manuchehri. RAIN Annual Conference. 9/9/21-9/10/21. Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Effects of Phosphorous and Potassium Application Timing on a Wheat Double Crop Soybean System. Hunter Lovewell, Daryl Brian Arnall, Raedan Sherry, Michaela Smith, Bronc Finch, Joao Luis Bigatao Souza. RAIN Annual Conference. 9/9/21-9/10/21. Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Effects of Phosphorous and Potassium Application Timing on a Wheat Double Crop Soybean System. Hunter Lovewell, Daryl Brian Arnall, Raedan Sherry, Michaela Smith, Bronc Finch, Joao Luis Bigatao Souza. 2021 ASA, CSSA & SSSA Conference. 11/7/21-11/10/21. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Effects of Phosphorous and Potassium Application Timing on a Wheat Double Crop Soybean System. Hunter Lovewell, Daryl Brian Arnall, Raedan Sherry, Michaela Smith, Bronc Finch, Joao Luis Bigatao Souza. OSU Winter Crops School. 12/15/21-12/16/21. Stillwater, OK.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Effects of Phosphorous and Potassium Application Timing on a Wheat Double Crop Soybean System. Hunter Lovewell, Daryl Brian Arnall, Raedan Sherry, Michaela Smith, Joao Luis Bigatao Souza, Bronc Finch. Great Plains Soil Fertility Conference. 3/8/22-3/9/22 (Virtual).
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Soil Aggregate Stability Across Land Use Systems. Alyssa Thelin, Grace Flusche Ogden, Sergio M. Abit, Jason Warren. 2021 ASA, CSSA & SSSA Conference. 11/7/21-11/10/21. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Sweep Tillage Impact on Tumble Windmill Grass. Grace Flusche Ogden, Jason Warren. Western Society of Weed Science. 3/7/22-3/10/22. Newport Beach, CA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Tillage Impacts on Preemergence Herbicide Efficacy in Oklahoma Winter Wheat. Grace Flusche Ogden, Jason Warren, Misha Manuchehri. 2021 ASA, CSSA & SSSA Conference. 11/7/21-11/10/21. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
CRONOS: An Evaluation of Cropland Monitoring Stations During the 2020-2021 Winter Wheat Cropping Season. Denton (Cole) Diggins, Tyson Ochsner, Andres Patrignani, William G. Brown. RAIN Annual Conference. 9/9/21-9/10/21. Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Biochar applications influence soil physical and chemical properties, microbial diversity, and crop productivity: a meta-analysis. Hardeep Singh, Brian Northup, Charles Rice, Vara Prasad. 2021 ASA, CSSA & SSSA Conference. 11/7/21-11/10/21. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Productivity and Water Use in Intensified Forage-Wheat Cropping Systems of the US Southern Great Plains. Hardeep Singh, Brian Northup, Vara Prasad. 2021 ASA, CSSA & SSSA Conference. 11/7/21-11/10/21. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Strategies for Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Agricultural Ecosystems. Book title- Global Agricultural Production - Resilience to Climate Change. Hardeep Singh, Vara Prasad, Brian Northup. Springer.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Comparing Profit Efficiency of Dryland Wheat Based Double Cropping Systems. Lixia H. Lambert, Glenn Conover, Dayton M. Lambert, Curtis Dineen Jones. RAIN Annual Conference. 9/9/21-9/10/21. Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Precipitation storage and use efficiencies of rainfed-wheat systems on upland soils of the US Southern Great Plains. Hardeep Singh, Brian Northup, Vara Prasad. Field Crops Research.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Moth bean and tepary bean as green nitrogen sources in intensive winter wheat cropping systems. Hardeep Singh, Brian Northup, Vara Prasad, Prasanna Gowda, Gurjinder Baath. Agronomy Journal.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Biochar applications influence soil physical and chemical properties, microbial diversity, and crop productivity: a meta-analysis. Hardeep Singh, Brian Northup, Charles Rice, Vara Prasad. Biochar Journal. 02/01/2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-022-00138-1
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
CRONOS: An Evaluation of Cropland Monitoring Stations During the 2020-2021 Winter Wheat Cropping Season. Denton (Cole) Diggins, Tyson Ochsner, Andres Patrignani, William G. Brown. Graduate Seminar OSU. Stillwater, OK. 10/25/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
CRONOS: An Evaluation of Cropland Monitoring Stations During the 2020-2021 Winter Wheat Cropping Season. Denton (Cole) Diggins, Tyson Ochsner, Andres Patrignani, William G. Brown. 2021 ASA, CSSA & SSSA Conference. 11/7/21-11/10/21. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Recency effects of drought and government disaster payments on crop insurance decision in the Southern Great Plains. Amy D. Hagerman, Lixia H. Lambert. The 2021 Agricultural & Applied Economics Association (AAEA) annual meeting. 8/3/21-8/5/21. Austin, TX.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Oklahoma Crop Production Risk: Analysis of PLC and ARC Insurance Choices. Leann Westbrook, Dayton Lambert, Amy D. Hagerman, Lixia H. Lambert, Eric A. DeVuyst, Chellie A. Hogan. RAIN Annual Conference. 9/9/21-9/10/21. Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Identifying Optimal Resistant Weed Management Strategies using Dynamic Programming. Chellie A. Hogan, Dayton Lambert, Misha Manuchehri. RAIN Annual Conference. 9/9/21-9/10/21. Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Tillage profitability and Herbicide Resistance. Dayton Lambert, Chellie A. Hogan, Misha Manuchehri. Oklahoma State University Winter Crops School. Stillwater, OK. 12/15/21-12/16/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Rainfed experiment: Summer crops report. Ignacio Massigoge, Ignacio Ciampitti. RAIN Annual Conference. 9/9/21-9/10/21. Wichita, KS.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2022
Citation:
Rainfed Wheat Production and Crop Insurance Choices. Leann Westbrook, Dayton Lambert, Amy D. Hagerman, Lixia H. Lambert, Eric A. DeVuyst, Chellie A. Hogan. Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting. 2/13/22-2/15/22. New Orleans, Louisiana.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Geo-CropSim: A Geo-spatial crop simulation modeling framework for regional scale crop yield and water use assessment. Varaprasad Bandaru, Raghu Yaramasu, Curtis Jones, R. C�sar Izaurralde, Ashwan Reddy, Fernando Sedano, Craig S.T. Daughtry, Inbal Becker-Reshef, Chris Justice. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2021.10.024.
- Type:
Other
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Timing, Source, and Placement of Nitrogen Fertilizer Increases Wheat Yield and Protein Content in High Yielding Environments. Luana Simao, Dorivar Ruiz Diaz, Romulo Lollato. Kansas Fertilizer Research 2021 - K-State Research and Extension
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
GEO-CROPSIM Framework to Model Crop Yields, Water Use and Carbon at Regional Scale. Varaprasad Bandaru, Raghu Yaramasu, Curtis Dineen Jones, Roberto Cesar Izaurralde, Craig Daughtry, Chris Justice. ASA, CSSA & SSSA Conference. 11/7/21-11/10/21. Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.
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Progress 09/01/20 to 08/31/21
Outputs
Target Audience:The aim of the Increasing Water Productivity, Nutrient Use Efficiency, and Soil Health in Rainfed Agricultural Systems of Semi-Arid Southern Great Plains project is to meet the critical need for integrated research, extension, and education efforts to identify and implement management practices that increase the SGP's agricultural productivity, optimize water and nutrient use efficiency, and protect against yield losses from environmental stresses and weeds while improving soil health. Thus, programmatic efforts will target a number of audiences throughout of the project including: producers, county educators, crop consultants, extension personnel, and policymakers in the region. Changes/Problems:Major Activity 1: Develop effective strategic management approaches for diversification and intensification of SGP cropping systems Challenges- Grazinglands Research Laboratory team:Current USDA restrictions related to Covid-19 social distancing protocols and travel have made it difficult to complete full sampling of all variables of interest within all plots assigned tonitrogen x cropping system combinations. Though all plots receive their assigned treatments during cropping seasons, current sampling activities are restricted one half of plots assigned to individual treatments. Task 1.3 Total Factor Productivity and risk analyses of current and novel cropping systems in the SGP. Sub-Activities Challenges Activity 1.12: A big challenge will be to extend the FEOM to multiple farms. Task 2.2 Activity 2.2: Cropland Observation Nodes (CRONOS) Challenges Finding a suitable vegetation monitoring camera has been a challenge. Available cameras on the market are deficient in quality or flexibility of function or are dramatically overpriced. We may need to develop our own cameras optimized for crop monitoring. Task 2.4 Modeling and Analysis Challenges 2.5 Obtaining adequate cellular signal for remote data retrieval at some field sites has been a challenge, but we have deployed directional antennas that appear to have solved the problem. 2.6 There were some glitches in SubX database and had difficulty in downloading and processing the data. 2.6 Established framework for historic analysis of GFS-integrated forecasting to create and evaluate predictive utility. 2.7 Coordinating field trial experiments with math programming model used to allocate acres to most productive uses, given cropping system. Task 3.1 Activity 3.1: Integrated extension for best crop, water, and soil management in the SGP Challenges Covid has prevented in person education. All extension has been virtual and attendance has been affected. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Training provided as part of project efforts to students, post-docs, visiting scholars or others to help them achieve greater proficiency. Dr. Ignacio Ciampitti-We will start training of a PhD graduate student by August 2 and this person will coordinate all activities from our team for this project. In addition, we have an undergrad from the REU program currently train in our team during the summer time on field activities. Dr.Tyson Ochsner-Trained one MS student in the development, deployment, calibration, and maintenance of cropland monitoring stations. Mentored one REU student and provided training and opportunity for that student to complete her own research study and to present the results at a professional meeting. Dr.J. Anita Dille-As overall project coordinator for the REU program, provided support for all the REU students to get them set up (offices, stipends, housing) for the 2021 summer program. As a mentor for one of the REU participants, provided training on various approaches to studying weed seed and plants. The REU was training on using several different tools throughout the summer (leaf area machine, soil sampling, weed seed elutriator). Setting up growth chambers for various CO2 levels and monitoring plant growth and development. As major advisor for a graduate student (both GRA and TA) on the RAIN project, I am mentoring him on research project ideas, proposal writing, and data summaries and analysis. Training on weed identification, sampling protocols, and data collection methods. Dr.Misha Maunchehri-In-person NE Extension Educator Field Day took place on 6/8/2021. PhD student Grace Ogden assisted. Dr.Vara Prasad-Dr. Hardeep Singh was trained in DSSAT Modeling. Dr.Eduardo Santos-Two PhD students are involved with the field measurements. The students have been trained in micrometeorological instrumentation and performing data analyzes, and one of them, Adolpho da Rocha, has a manuscript under review in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. Denton (Cole) Diggins-Trained multiple undergraduate students in proper field sampling and lab analysis techniques. Training in field sampling and proper sample collection and handling. Activities or opportunities provided by the project to increase knowledge or skills. Dr.Ignacio Ciampitti-Annual meeting and interactions with other professionals Dr.Tyson Ochsner-Gained new knowledge in monthly project team meetings in which investigators from other disciplines described their research related to the project. Dr.J. Anita Dille-Learned how to set up surveys in Qualtrics to collect pre- and post-program data on each of the RAIN REUs in the 2021 summer program. Worked with REU on setting up growth chambers for different CO2 levels and other environmental conditions. Ignacio Massigoge, graduate student with Dr. Ignacio Ciampitti-Learning R programing and modeling Dr.Eduardo Santos-This project allowed me to spend more time investigating existing ET partitioning methods. I have also expanded my knowledge in current flux instrumentation. Dr.Hardeep SIngh-I attended DSSAT 2021 Workshop "Assessing Crop Production, Water and Nutrient Management, Climatic Risk and Environmental Sustainability with Simulation Models" at Griffin, Georgia in May 2021. This workshop helped me to increase my knowledge about using computational models for simulating water and nitrogen use efficiency under different crop rotations in US SGP. As USDA-GRL is having long term datasets related to water use and nitrogen use efficiency from different crop rotations, I will be using knowledge gained from this workshop for calibrating the existing models and simulating water and nitrogen use efficiency under different crop rotations implemented under RAIN project. Denton (Cole) Diggins, graduate student with Dr. Tyson Ochsner-I have had many opportunities to conduct field work and proper lab techniques, bolstering my abilities to conduct research. I have also become more accustomed to statistical software such as Matlab, which I use to conduct data analysis. The collection of CRONOS Validation soil and plant biomass samples. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Results have been disseminated at various conferences and by publishing journal articles in peer-reviewed journals. We are also sharing data from the projectwith the USDA and communities of interest. Weare active on our website, as well as on social media platforms (Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube), and use these platforms to disseminate the project results- WEBSITE-https://www.rainfedag.org/ FACEBOOK- https://www.facebook.com/RainfedAg TWITTER- https://twitter.com/RainfedAg YOUTUBE- https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWhIfCPV5q0627dUDn9iiEQ A prototype web portal for the CRONOS data has been developed and is available at http://206.189.176.40/. Several twitter posts have been made regarding the information we have on cover crops and intercropping work we have done (Twitter @osuoilseeds) Oklahoma State University hosted the Virtual Winter Crops School (WCS) over a five week period during November and December of 2020. While the WCS consisted of 10 total hours of education and tech transfer, a two hour session was developed to the work of RAIN scientist. This session was well attended, 60 individuals live and more than 60 watched the recording. This session was also posted onto YouTube where the videos have had approximately 200 unique views. A OSU NE Extension Educator In-Service took place on June 8 and 9th of 2021 in Perkins, OK. The June 8th tour discussed the tillage vs. herbicide interaction work described in Activity 1.6. Continued from "What was accomplished under these goals?" Developed written agreement defining the responsibilities of farmers and researchers participating in the network. Obtained commitments from 3 Oklahoma farmers to join the F2F network. Collected CRONOS data from winter wheat fields belonging to two OK farmers in the F2F network. Collected soil samples to analyze soil structural quality and physical properties in fields of three farmers in the F2F network. Developed, deployed, and evaluated first generation of CRONOS stations at three sites in OK and two sites in KS. Created designed and built second generation CRONOS stations to be deployed later in 2021. A prototype web portal for the CRONOS data has been developed and is available at http://206.189.176.40/. Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) program- 4.1a: Identify potential mentors for REU (how many with whom) 4.1b: Advertise, receive, and interview REU applications 4.1c REU orientation, training, listserv, poster prep, road trips, summer meeting 4.1d: REUs conduct survey and follow up on learning from summer experience, attend professional meetings 4.1e: Track REU students through to graduation, graduate school, career choices 4.1a. In our recruiting process for the summer 2021 program, we had 10 mentors and 14 related projects (some mentors proposed 2 different projects) listed on our web site for potential REU applicants to rank from 1 to 14 based on their interest. (2021 REU mentors: OSU - Arnall (2), Ochsner; USDA-ARS El Reno: Witt; KSU - Rice (2), Dille, Ruiz Diaz, Santos, Patrignani, Ciampitti). 4.1b. The REU program was widely advertised, via various website platforms such as Pathways to Science, connections with alumni/faculty/advisors at other institutions, and social media outlets (Facebook, twitter). Undergraduate students that were interested in our program applied using a Qualtrics survey instrument and provided background information, transcripts and letters of reference, statement of interest, and rankings of the various projects. A total of 50 students completed the application process for the 2021 cohort. Process of review included ranking based on GPA, choice of projects, review of reference letters and personal statements, availability for the summer). We were able to bring forward several students that had applied for the 2020 summer cohort that was canceled due to COVID-19 restrictions. 4.1c. A total of 11 students were part of the 2021 summer REU cohort. Of these, four were recruited from the 2020 applicants, and the remaining seven were selected from the 2021 applicants.Ten were fully funded by the RAIN project, while one student was recruited through another project and supported with other funds, but participated in all other activities. The REU students arrived at their respective locations (Manhattan, KS; Stillwater, OK; or El Reno, OK) by June 2, 2021 to start their summer program. Orientation and welcome session was held on the morning of June 2, with an opportunity to meet each other (in person and via zoom) and meet with their mentors. Weekly check-in sessions were held every Friday morning for the first 9 weeks, with a final poster symposium and closing ceremony on August 5, 2021. One of the weekly sessions was a presentation by each REU as to the research project that they were working on. For other Friday sessions, fellow researchers (mentors, graduate students, co-PIs) shared a short presentation on their research work and relevance to the RAIN project. There were limited group field trips, but for the KSU group, a field day trip to the K-State Agricultural Research Center at Hays on June 7 to hear about research conducted in central KS. The Konza Prairie hosted a wildflower walk on June 6. The poster symposium had great attendance both in person and via zoom with all REUs, mentors, graduate students, and co-project investigators. All presentations were recorded and converted to be shown on our YouTube channel. 4.1d. Both pre-program (by June 9) and post-program (initiated Aug 5) Qualtrics surveys were completed by each REU, with a reflection on what they have gained from this experience over the 10 weeks. Several students will be taking their Poster to a professional scientific meeting (titles and abstracts submitted by the end of the summer, for meeting in November 2021). 4.1e. We will continue to stay in contact with each REU to track their progess to graduation and possible graduate school or chosen career path. Several conversations about what is involved with graduate school, how to find the right program, school and mentors were discussed with the group and with individual students. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Continue data collection, analysis, and preparing manuscripts. Plans for next year include continued development of web-based nitrogen recommendation tool for winter wheat production using crop modeling and remote sensing, and scaling field scale observations to regional scale to understand their performance under current and future climatic conditions. We hope to get the information starting to go out to stakeholders. Things have been difficult with Covid with actually getting out to growers to discuss information. Wehope to start moving on this aspect in the coming year. Dr.Tyson Ochsner-Develop and deploy 3 2ndgeneration CRONOS stations. Work on design for 3rdgeneration CRONOS stations. Work with graduate student to complete MS thesis evaluating CRONOS stations. Create new educational opportunities to recruit and train the next generation of agricultural systems managers and researchers During the third year of the project, we will work to recruit students from a diversity of institutional and academic backgrounds to apply for the summer REU program. Students in the REU program will perform research on adaptive management, attend seminars on topics related to sustainability and professional development, and work on a project related to water-limited crop and animal production systems. Students will be required to present their research in a symposium at the end of the program and will be provided with funds to present their research at regional or national meetings. Integrated OSU/KSU field trips will provide the opportunity for interactive discussions between students within the region. The third year we plan to have several synthesis articles. the F2F network will be fully operational with baseline samples collected for soil health measures. The F2F network will provide a platform for field days and engaging with producers and the public. After three years of the rotations we should be able to assess early impacts on precipitation and N use efficiencies and soil health.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Activity 1 OSU Precision Nutrient Management team (OSUPNMT):In 2020 all winter wheat trials and sorghum trials wereimplemented and harvested. In the fall of 2020 winter wheat trials were established across OK. Grazinglands Research Laboratory (GRL) team:Experimental treatments (Nx cropping system combinations) of study were applied during the 2020-2021 cropping season and completed in fall of 2021. Fall 2020, winter wheat and other treatments were applied to assigned plots for the 2020-2021 cropping season. An additional set of plots were included in the study to testfunction of short growing season novel pulses (compared to cowpea) as grain crops in double-crop rotations with winter wheat; these same legumes are included in the existing study as green manures. An anciallary study on greenhouse gas emissions from different green and inorganic N treatments, with and without biochar additions, was completed. A second ancillary study was deployed that used pasture-scale eddy covariance (EC) systems to examine pasture-scale energy, water and carbon fluxes - at the soil-plant-atmosphere interface - in two of the rotations being applied in the study; summer fallow-winter wheat and summer green N - winter wheat. Evaluation of summer crops study at Ashland Bottoms site, KS. In 2020 all winter and summer cropswere planted and harvested. In the last month, summer row crops (corn and soybean) were planted and under evaluation. GRL team: Data pertaining to forage and grain yields of the different Nx cropping system combinations were collected. KSUteam: Data pertaining to forage and grain yields of the different treatment combinations were collected. GRL team: An experiment testing the capacity of a series of short-statured, short growing season novel cereals, forage grasses and pulses as green N, cover and forage crops was initiated in 2021-2022, in collaboration with GRL scientists working within the Long-Term Agro-ecological Research (LTAR) network. Two additional rotations were initiated in Summer 2021 at pasture scales with EC systems to examine fluxes in winter wheat-forage soybean, and winter wheat-forage sorghum rotations; they are being compared to a winter wheat-summer fallow treatment as a control.Data collection in studies will allow definition of water, energy and C flux, biomass production and forage quality of the different planted materials; attributes used to define soil health, microbial activity, and physical parameters will also be collected. KSU Soil Health Team: Analyzing Baseline soil health metrics sampled in Dec 2019. A subset of the KSU experiment was sampled and analyzed summer of 2021as part of an REU project. We are drafting a soil health series for extension/outreach. We have collected and analyzed soil samples for soil health indicators from conservation tillage/herbicide studies. GRL team:Plant and soil samples during growing seasons andgrain yields of the different Nx cropping system combinations were collected during the season, and continued into the 2021-2022 season. Analyses of these samples for C and N are on-going.Historic data related to yields, soil water, precipitation and temperatures from studies including winter wheat-summer legume rotations were mined to undertake modeling efforts in DSSAT of wheat-green N, and wheat-grain legume rotations. OSUPNMT: Sixteen, on farm Nresponse wheat trials were harvested in 2020;thedata is being analyzed. Historic grain yield data for Nstudies was compiled and shared with modeling team. GRL team:Availability of soil water collected by neutron gage for the different Nx cropping system combinations were collected during the cropping season, and continued into the nextseason. OSU Weed Science Team: Work was focused on tillage vs. herbicide interactions on Italian ryegrass populations in a winter wheat system. Percent visual ratings were recorded and biomass and yield were collected end-of-season. KSUWeed Science team: soil seedbank cores were extracted from the field experiment at Ashland Bottoms, KS through the summer 2021. One half of the sample was washed with an elutriator to observe all weed seeds inplot. They will be identified and counted. The second half of the sample was seeded into trays in the greenhouse to track seedling emergence. This will provide baseline data on potential weed populations. Regular weed plant surveys by species and number were taken across the field experiment at Ashland Bottoms to track weed occurrence and aid in weed management planning. Completed winter wheat calibration and shared with V Bandaru for use in N-rate tool. Developed framework for calibration of wheat, soybean, sorghum, and corn in OK and KS. Data from field crops (focused on summer crops) (KSU) will be collected related to crop growth and utilized to calibrate APSIM model for predicting biomass and yield at the system-scale. Developing improved regional characterization of planting and harvesting dates, phenology, and climate to improve model skill. Mapped most likely winter wheat crop rotations in KSand OKusing Markov chain approach and implemented simulations over KSand OK to evaluate model response to Nrates and different weather options. Assisted RCI in developing and improving representative farm APEX simulations. Integrated OSU budgets for wheat, soybeans, and sorghum into the representative farm economic model (RFEM). Historical commodity prices and input costs were used to estimate expected net returns from wheat-fallow, wheat-soybean, and wheat-sorghum rotations. Net return probability distributions linked to RFEM. Completed EPIC simulations of two simple wheat-based rotations, in addition to the whole set of biophysical inputs and outputs, now include and produce economic information associated with the production system simulated. These economic inputs and outputs include tillage, fertilizer, and pesticide costs, crop prices, as well as gross and net returns.Selection of a set of regionalizedcrop-rotations in OKand KSto estimate Total Factor Productivity (TFP) is in progress. We improved the methodology and produced initial results of whole-farm assessment of crop productivity, water and Nuse efficiencies, and selected soil health indicators using the APEX model. Data used and generated in this activity will be used to calculateTFPIndex. We havefive "representative farms" across KS and OK and initiated the modeling of contrasting farm production systems to evaluate whole-farm productivity, resource-use efficiency, and soil health indicators. We are using a small set of production systems from ongoing field experiments to evaluate the performance of traditional and advanced management systems. Calibrate weed management simulation model with wheat-X rotation systems. This entails generating ALMANAC runs (benchmarked to experimental site data) under different rotation and weed management options and collecting weed/crop biomass output for economic modeling. Integrated farm economic optimization model (FEOM) with weed biologic model.This step moves the modeling process to one of managing herbicide resistant weed seed banks and tracking changes in resistant gene frequencies over time.Tactical components include effort expended (and its cost) to manage weeds during a production cycle. The strategic component involves choosing a Wheat-X rotation after net returns gained from a Wheat-X season are enumerated. Transition probabilities for changes in weed population densities estimated using the ALAMANC results. We will be able to determine which Wheat-X system will likely perform best in terms of net returns per acre, given a state of weed density. Decision rules from this analysis will provide guidance with respect to practice choice. Continued under "How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?"
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Baath GS, Northup BK, Rao SC, and Kakani VG. (2021). Productivity and Water Use in Intensified Forage Soybean-Wheat Cropping Systems of the US Southern Great Plains. Field Crops Research, Volume 265,108086, ISSN 0378-4290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2021.108086.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Singh H, Kandel TP, Gowda PH, Northup BK, and Kakani VG. (2021). N2O Emissions From Residues of Oat and Grass Pea Cover Crops Cultivated in the US Southern Great Plains. Front. Sustain. Food Syst. 4:604934. doi: 0.3389/fsufs.2020.604934
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Wagle P, Gowda PH, Northup BK, and Neel JPS. (2021). Ecosystem-level Water Use Efficiency and Evapotranspiration Partitioning in Conventional Till and no-till Rainfed Canola. Agricultural Water Management, Volume 250, 2021, 106825, ISSN 0378-3774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2021.106825.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Wagle P, Skaggs TH, Gowda PH, Northup BK, Neel JPS, and Anderson RG. (2021). Evaluation of Water use Efficiency Algorithms for Flux Variance Similarity-based
Evapotranspiration Partitioning in C3 and C4 Grain Crops. Water Resources Research, 57, e2020WR028866. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR028866
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Izaurralde RC, Bandaru V, Jones C. (2021). Agroecosystem Modeling of Productivity, Resource Use Efficiency, and Soil Health in Dryland Systems. ASA, CSSA, SSSA 2020 Annual Meeting: Translating Visionary Science to Practice. Virtual conference - 11/8/2020-11/11/2020
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Izaurralde RC. (2021). 2021 Guest Speaker Series of the RAIN REU (Research Experience for Undergraduates) Program. Virtual presentation - 7/23/2021.
- Type:
Websites
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCWhIfCPV5q0627dUDn9iiEQ
- Type:
Book Chapters
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Charles W. Rice; James Lin; Carlos Bonini Pires; Marcos V. M. Sarto. (2021). Soil Organic Carbon Assessment Methods. Laboratory Methods for Soil Health Assessment. Page 38-51. ISBN 978-0-891-18982-4
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Charles W. Rice; Vara Prasad; Ignacio Antonio Ciampitti. (2020). Challenges and Opportunities for Improving Dryland Farming Systems. Virtual presentation: ASA-CSSA-SSSA 11/1/20-11/4/20
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Charles W. Rice. (2021). Sequestration, Resiliency, and Mitigation Strategies. Virtual presentation: American Society of Microbiology Congressional Briefing. 4/14/21.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Ignacio Ciampitti. (2020). Soybean N Fixation and N Balance. Virtual presentation. Oklahoma State University WINTER CROPs Virtual Version 2020. 12/7/20-12/7/20
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Vara Prasad; Chuck Rice; Hardeep Singh; Brian K. Northup. (2021). A Meta-analysis on Effects of Biochar Applications on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Microbial Diversity, and Crop Productivity. Plant and Soil.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Gurjinder Baath; Brian K. Northup; Srinivas C. Rao. (2021). Double-cropping Soybean Influences Water Efficiencies of Winter Wheat in the U.S. Southern Great Plains. Agricultural Water Management.
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Tyson E Ochsner; D. C. Diggins; W. G. Brown; Andres Patrignani. (2020). Cropland Observation Nodes (CRONOS): Integrated Soil-Crop-Weather Sensing Stations for Working Farms. Oklahoma State University Winter Crops School. Stillwater, OK. 11/24/20-11/24/20.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Andres Patrignani; Tyson E Ochsner; Benjamin Montag; Steven Bellinger. (2021). A Novel Lithium Foil Cosmic-Ray Neutron Detector for Measuring Field-Scale Soil Moisture. Frontiers in Water. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2021.673185
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Erik S. Krueger; Tyson E. Ochsner; Matthew R. Levi; Jeff B. Basara; Grant J. Snitker; Briana M. Wyatt. (2021). Grassland Productivity Estimates Informed by Soil Moisture Measurements: Statistical and Mechanistic Approaches. Agronomy Journal. https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20709
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Briana M. Wyatt ; Tyson E. Ochsner ; Chris B. Zou. (2021). Estimating Root Zone Soil Moisture Across Diverse Land Cover Types by Integrating in-situ and Remotely Sensed Data. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108471
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Dayton Lambert. (2020). Virtual presentation. Profitability Analysis Soil Health Promoting Practices. OSU Winter Crops School. 11/24/20-11/24/20
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Tyson Ochsner. (2020). Virtual presentation. CRONOS, Integrating on Farm Soil and Weather Sensors Into Practice. OSU Winter Crops School. 11/24/20-11/24/20
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Ignacio Antonio Ciampitti. (2020). Virtual presentation. Nitrogen Balance in a Soybean Production System. OSU Winter Crops School. 11/24/20-11/24/20
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Alexandre Caldeira Rocateli. (2020). Virtual presentation. Inter-seeding Cereals Into Pasture for Increased Forage Production. OSU Winter Crops School. 11/24/20-11/24/20
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Daryl Brian Arnall. (2020). Virtual presentation. Nitrogen Timing for Wheat and Sorghum production. OSU Winter Crops School. 12/8/20-12/8/20
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Varaprasad Bandaru; Raghu Yaramasu; Curtis Dinneen Jones; Roberto C�sar Izaurralde. (2020). Virtual presentation. Advances in the Use of Satellite Remote Sensing for Crop Modeling. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. 11/9/20-11/12/20
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Under Review
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Varaprasad Bandaru; Raghu Yaramasu; Curtis Dinneen Jones; Roberto C�sar Izaurralde; Ashwan Reddy; Fernando Sedano; Craig Daughtry; Chris Justice. Geo-CropSim: A Geo-spatial Crop Simulation Modeling Framework for Regional Scale Crop Yield and Water Use Assessment. ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Alexandre Caldeira Rocateli; Jason Warren. Producing Grazeable Cover Crops during Winter-Wheat Summer Fallow in Oklahoma a case study. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service factsheets. Publication Identifier: PSS-2199
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Brian Brian Arnall; Misha Manuchehri; Alexandre Caldeira Rocateli; Lucas Freires Abreu; Carla L. Goad; Joao A. Antonangelo. (2020). Assessing Forage Bermudagrass Cultivar Tolerance to Glyphosate Application. Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management. DOI: 10.1002/cft2.20072
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
C.D. Jones, A.D. Reddy, J. Jeong, J.R. Williams, S.K. Hamilton, M.Z. Hussain, V. Bandaru, R.C. Izaurralde. (2021). Improved Hydrological Modeling with APEX and EPIC: Model Description, Testing, and Assessment of Bioenergy Producing Landscape Scenarios. Environmental Modelling & Software. Volume 143, 105111,
ISSN 1364-8152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105111.
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Alexandre Caldeira Rocateli; Jason Warren; Joao A. Antonangelo; Kyle M. Horn; Kenneth E. Turner. (2021). Introducing Grazeable Cover Crops to the Winter Wheat Systems in Oklahoma. Agronomy Journal. DOI: 10.1002/agj2.20326
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Brian Arnall; Alexandre Caldeira Rocateli; Lucas Freires Abreu; Joao A. Antonangelo. (2020). Virtual presentation. Evaluation of Sensor-Based Bermudagrass Yield Prediction Models in Eastern Oklahoma. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. 11/9/20-11/12/20
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Brian Arnall; Misha Manuchehri; Alexandre Caldeira Rocateli; Lucas Freires Abreu; Carla L. Goad; Joao A. Antonangelo. (2020). Virtual presentation. Assessing Forage Bermudagrass Cultivar Tolerance to Glyphosate Application. ASA-CSSA-SSSA International Annual Meeting. 11/9/20-11/12/20
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Lixia H Lambert; Glenn Conover. (2021). Measuring Technical and Economic Efficiency of Double Cropping Systems. 2021 Agricultural & Applied Economics Association Annual Meeting. Austin, TX. 8/1/21-8/3/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Grace Flusche Ogden; Misha Manuchehri; Jason Warren. (2021). Virtual presentation. Tillage System Impact on Efficacy of Delayed Preemergence Herbicides in Winter Wheat. Western Society of Weed Science
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Other
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Rudra B Baral; Doohong Min; Ignacio Antonio Ciampitti; Romulo Pisa Lollato; Chuck Rice. (2021). Effects of Rainfed Wheat-Based Cropping Systems on Forage Yield and Nutritive Values Under Different Stages of Maturity. ASA-CSSA-SSSA Annual Meeting. Salt Lake City, UT.8/31/21-8/31/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Andres Patrignani. (2021). Virtual presentation. Practical Applications of In-Situ Green Canopy Cover. Soil and Water Conservation Society conference 2021. 7/26/21-7/28/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Andres Patrignani. (2021). Virtual presentation. Desaf�os y Oportunidades en la Medici�n de Agua del Suelo. Jornadas de Ciencia y Tecnolog�a de la Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. 6/23/21-6/25/21
- Type:
Other
Status:
Accepted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Luana M. Sim�o; Dorivar Ruiz Diaz; Romulo Pisa Lollato. (2021). Timing, Source, and Placement of Nitrogen Fertilizer Increases Wheat Yield and Protein Content in High Yielding Environments. Kansas Fertilizer Research 2021 - K-State Research and Extension
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Leann Westbrook; Dayton Lambert; Curtis D Jones. (2021). Virtual presentation. Oklahoma Crop Farm Planning Model with Seasonal Input Decisions. Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Conference. 2/6/21-2/9/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Leann Westbrook; Dayton Lambert; Eric A. DeVuyst. (2021). Managing Risk on Oklahoma Crop Farms. American Agricultural Economics Association/Western Agricultural Economics Association Joint Annual Conference. Austin, TX. 7/31/21-8/3/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Denton (Cole) Cole Diggins; William G. Brown; Tyson Ochsner; Andres Patrignani. (2020). Virtual presentation. Cropland Observatory Nodes (CRONOS): Early Prototypes and Initial Results. RAIN Annual Meeting. 9/9/20-9/11/20
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Submitted
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Denton (Cole) Cole Diggins; William G. Brown. (2020). Virtual presentation. Cropland Observatory Nodes (CRONOS): Early Prototypes and Initial Results. SSSA Annual International Meeting. 11/9/20-11/13/20
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Denton (Cole) Cole Diggins; William G. Brown; Tyson Ochsner; Andres Patrignani. (2021). CRopland Observatory NOdeS (CRONOS): Current Operations. RAIN REU Student Presentation. 6/25/21-6/25/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Marcos V. M. Sarto; Charles W Rice. (2020). Virtual presentation. No-Tillage Effect on Maize Water Use Efficiency in the USA: A Meta-Analysis. 2020 SSSA Annual meeting. 11/9/20-11/13/20
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Megan Williams. Impact of Elevated CO2 Levels on C3 (Chenopodium album) and C4
(Amaranthus palmeri) Weed Growth. RAIN REU poster symposium. 8/5/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Elizabeth Frieden. In-Season Forecasting of Grain Yield and Soil Moisture in Winter Wheat. RAIN REU poster symposium. 8/5/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Kevin Etter. Quantifying H2O and CO2 Fluxes in a Rain-fed Sorghum Field in
Western Kansas. RAIN REU poster symposium. 8/5/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Taran Rowles. Short Term Soil Health Impacts from Diversification and
Intensification in Rainfed Cropping Systems. RAIN REU poster symposium. 8/5/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Carson Wright. NDVI Use in Predicting Bermuda Grass Yield. RAIN REU poster symposium. 8/5/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Shelby Richard. Soil Enzyme Activity Across a Precipitation Gradient with Different Land Uses. RAIN REU poster symposium. 8/5/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Carlos Morel. Effect of Commercial Relative Maturity (CRM) in Corn Crop: for
Corn Crop on Corn Biomass at the Critical Period. RAIN REU poster symposium. 8/5/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Cindy Villavicencio. Flooding Effects On Tepary Plants in The Southern Great Plains An Agricultural GIS Study. RAIN REU poster symposium. 8/5/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Maddie Morris. Soil Structural Quality in Cultivated and Uncultivated Lands in the US Southern Great Plains. RAIN REU poster symposium. 8/5/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Eric Messick. The Effects of Early Nitrogen Deprivation on the Root Systems of
Wheat Plants. RAIN REU poster symposium. 8/5/21
- Type:
Conference Papers and Presentations
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2021
Citation:
Lindsay Bayerkohler. Soil Health Parameters and Early Season Nitrogen Uptake in Corn. RAIN REU poster symposium. 8/5/21
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Progress 09/01/19 to 08/31/20
Outputs
Target Audience:The aim of the Increasing Water Productivity, Nutrient Use Efficiency, and Soil Health in Rainfed Agricultural Systems of Semi-Arid Southern Great Plains project is to meet the critical need for integrated research, extension, and education efforts to identify and implement management practices that increase the SGP's agricultural productivity, optimize water and nutrient use efficiency, and protect against yield losses from environmental stresses and weeds while improving soil health. Thus, programmatic efforts will target a number of audiences throughout of the project including: producers, county educators, crop consultants, extension personnel, and policymakers in the region. Changes/Problems:All objectives have been impacted by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Social distancing guidelines, reduced personnel availability and building access, in addition to travel restrictions made data collection from the field experiment plots as originally planned infeasible. Measurements were prioritized based on modeling needs and completed to the extent possible. Most demanding field tasks such as sampling for soil nitrogen, root zone soil moisture, and canopy biomass have been restricted to two plots per management treatment. Soil and plant sample analyses are on-going but also slowed by restrictions related to COVID-19 In addition, graduate student and visiting scholar recruitment has been negatively impacted by uncertainties around face-to-face and remote learning possibilities, relocation availability and immigration due to the pandemic. The summer research experience for undergraduates was cancelled for summer 2020 due to COVID-19 and restrictions to in-person meetings and campus access. We will adjust numbers of students in future years to achieve 50 students total over the four remaining years. Although the plan for a new cropping systems course was to be developed in the fall/winter of 2020 after the first cropping season was initiated, due to COVID-19, Travel requirements and potential lack of face to face classes removed the ability for a new course with a heavy field aspect. OSU will finalize a course schedule and syllabus to implement a new course for Fall 2021. What opportunities for training and professional development has the project provided?Various training opportunities and valuable hands-on experience regarding sustainability of agricultural rainfed systems of the SGP were offered for graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, and lab technicians during the funding period. Dr. Tyson Ochsner provided training for master's student Cole Diggins (Plant and Soil Sciences, OSU) on the design and programming of CRONOS cropland monitoring stations, soil sampling using slide hammer and tube for calibration of cosmic-ray neutron detectors and hydraulic soil sampler for characterization of soil physical properties, and Matlab coding. Dr. Brian Arnall is mentoring master's student Hunter Lovewell (Plant and Soil Sciences, OSU) in all aspects of field and Extension activities associated with the project. Dr. Andres Patrignani provided training to doctoral student Prasanna Oruganti (Agronomy, KS) to assemble, install, and maintain CRONOS stations, install soil moisture sensors in the field and collect digital images of canopy cover, and process soil samples for determination of gravimetric soil water content, particle size analysis and soil water retention in laboratory. Dr. Alex Rocateli provided training to doctoral student Lucas Freires Abreu (Plant and Soil Sciences, OSU). He is collecting data in bermudagrass pastures, which will be interseeded with cool-season grasses this coming Fall (2020). He is also working on Literature Review, research design, soil moisture access tubes installation, and manuscript writing. Dr. Doohong Min provided doctoral student, Rudra Baral (Agronomy, KSU) with training on forage agronomy in rainfed wheat-based cropping systems in Hutchinson and Ashland Bottoms, KS. Dr. Charles Rice is working with doctoral student Carlos Bonini Pires (Agronomy, KSU) on soil health analysis. Bonini Pires will also coordinate the farmer to farmer network. Rice is also mentoring doctoral student Marcos Sarto (Agronomy, KSU) who is working to develop a literature review on water and N use efficiency. Dr. Jason Warren provided training to doctoral students Glenn Garcia and Grace Ogden (Plant and Soil Sciences, OSU). Garcia is conducting research evaluating soil health testing procedures. Ogden is conducting a systems research project evaluating the impact of periodic tillage on residual herbicide efficacy, soil health and crop performance and net return. Informal training was provided to undergraduate students in all aspects of field research. For example, undergraduates were trained in soil core sampling and biomass collection. In addition, multiple team members provided seminars to other members of the team on their areas of expertise. Dr. Robert Chambers provided a seminar of total factor productivity calculation and analyses. Dr. Lixia Lambert provided a seminar on farm optimization models. Dr. Ochsner attended a seminar on dynamic programming approaches to crop rotation decisions. How have the results been disseminated to communities of interest?Communications to the various stakeholders including producers, researchers, legislators, and industry representatives occurred during the first year of the project. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and the inability to host in-person field days, OSU hosted a virtual field day on May 8 via the Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources' Facebook page. Three team members gave presentation including Misha Manuchehri on Integrated weeds management, Brian Arnall on a long-term study of stratification of nutrients and soil, and Alex Rocateli on alfalfa management. Roughly 700 people viewed each of the presentations via Facebook Live and are available to view. The team organized a symposium titled, "Improving Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies in Dryland Farming Systems" for the American Society of Agronomy meetings to be held November 2020. Speakers will include Charles Rice (KSU), Steve Evett (USDA-ARS), Bill Raun (OSU), Jerry Hatfield (USDA-ARS), and Cesar Izaurralde (UMD). We have also organized a poster on the project as part of the poster session to be held in conjunction with the symposium. Team members have submitted an abstract to the 34th Conference on Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, sponsored by the American Meteorology Society, with the preliminary results of ET partitioning research. They have also prepared a manuscript to be submitted to the journal Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. We have created a project website, Facebook page, and Twitter account which we will utilize to increase public awareness about issues related to the project, promote activities and events, and disseminate materials developed through the project. The project gained 183 Twitter followers in the first year with over 10k tweet impressions in July 2020 and 96 profile visits. What do you plan to do during the next reporting period to accomplish the goals?Diversifying and intensifying cropping systems We will complete a second season of the experimental crop rotations and continue collection of crop productivity, soil health, and weed population data as well as data on nitrogen, water and precipitation use efficiency. We will also continue collection of weather data and soil moisture measurements needed to develop water budgets. By the end of year two, we will complete model performance tests and sensitivity analysis for novel crops under stressed and unstressed conditions and complete the update of high-resolution modeling framework with pixel level crop, soil, and weather data. Improving mid-season input decisions We will establish the Farmer-to-Farmer (F2F) network of on-farm field experiments and continue to expand the number of CRONOS stations installed at field sites. The work on Et partitioning will also continue in year 2. We will collect the spatial datasets and remote sensing inputs required for processing datasets and building a dynamic in-season crop forecasting framework to provide real-time information to farmers for making strategic decisions, (e.g., best crop to grow next) and within-season tactical decisions (e.g. whether to emphasize grain or forage production from dual-purpose crops, optimal mid-season fertilizer levels, or whether to apply costly fungicide treatments to protect a potentially high yield). Extension efforts to empower stakeholders to understand and use the resulting cropping system information and technologies The Extension program will focus on providing researchers with on-farm locations for research activities as well as providing feedback on the practical utilization of decision support tools. We will continue Integrated extension for best crop, water, and soil management in the SGP as well as incorporate new extension efforts on economics & social interactions. Data from the first field season will be incorporated into reports, blogs, factsheets, and publications to assist stakeholders to understand and use the data from cropping systems research and decision-making tools developed. Research findings, as well as developed products, will be highlighted during ongoing annual events such as the Winter Crops school CCA training programs, the All Crops Conference, and in-service training events for County extension educators. An F2F Summit will be organized to provide an educational opportunity for all farmers involved to exchange data on practices, experiences, and communicate findings beyond the F2F network. Create new educational opportunities to recruit and train the next generation of agricultural systems managers and researchers During the second year of the project, we will work to recruit students from a diversity of institutional and academic backgrounds to apply for the summer REU program and implement the intensive field course at OSU in fall 2021. Students in the REU program will perform research on adaptive management, attend seminars on topics related to sustainability and professional development, and work on a project related to water-limited crop and animal production systems. Students will be required to present their research in a symposium at the end of the program and will be provided with funds to present their research at regional or national meetings. Assuming travel restrictions are eliminated we will plan to implement the experiential cropping systems course in fall 2021. Integrated OSU/KSU field trips will provide the opportunity for interactive discussions between students within the region.
Impacts
What was accomplished under these goals?
Diversifying and intensifying cropping systems We initiated the crop rotation and nitrogen (N) management research. Each of three field sites (Grazinglands Research Laboratory (GRL) in El Reno, OK, Ashland Bottoms, KS (ABKS), and Hutchinson, KS (HKS)) includes 68 plots assigned to 17 management treatments with four replicates. The team explored options for additional, location specific, crop rotations based on long-term weather data and research from other semi-arid regions. This resulted in the inclusion of cowpea as a summer green manure to support wheat, and wheat-grain amaranth rotations on additional plots at GRL. A wheat-cotton rotation was planted next to the study to test new short-season cotton accessions developed at ARS Lubbock. One set of treatments was up-scaled to 45-acre plots to examine the soil-plant-atmosphere interface with eddy covariance systems. Biomass sampling was completed over the 2019-20 winter wheat growing season (at spring greenup (1 m above canopy), jointing, boot, and flowering, soft dough stage of grain development, and physiological maturity). Samples are being weighted and will be submitted to the laboratory for N concentration estimates. Yield components measured from samples taken at maturity will include: harvest index, number of heads, 1000 grain weight. These will be used to calculate kernels per area and kernels per head. Percent green canopy cover estimates and phenology were collected at the same time biomass was sampled. Non-destructive measurements were collected via Canopeo, chlorophyll meter, and leaf area prior to mid-season N application for all winter crops. Additional Canopeo measurements were collected during the growing season at GRL. A similar approach is being applied to summer crops. Wheat and triticale forage crops (3 of 17 treatments) were terminated at boot stage after sampling for biomass. Forage samples are being analyzed for forage quality components (N and P, ADF, NDF, and IVDDM). For summer crops, height and percent green canopy cover (1 m above canopy) will be measured. For novel crops, number of tillers/stems per plant, leaf area, dates of emergence, date of flowering and seed set will be recorded. Weed populations in wheat stands were assessed in late-growing season by OSU weed scientists. The data will be used to determine baseline weed communities and develop a weed management plan for upcoming cropping seasons. Soil samples were collected from each plot in all locations at planting (October 2019) at interval depths (0-5, 5-15, 15-30, 30-60, 60-90, and 90-120 cm) and are being analyzed for soil bulk density, soil organic carbon, soil N, and initial soil moisture content. T two plots per treatment were sampled at grain harvest of winter wheat (June 2019). A similar approach is being applied to summer crops. At GRL, neutron density gauge access tubes were established in 2 plots per treatment to measure soil moisture in October 2019. Soil moisture was monitored by these gauges at 6 soil depths to 1.2 m below the surface at multiple times during the growing season for winter wheat. A similar approach is being applied to summer crops. The remaining plots will receive access tubes at wheat planting in October 2020. Soil moisture sensors to 1 m depth will be installed in the baseline, adaptive forage, adaptive grain and two additional treatments at ABKS and HKS to continuously monitor root-zone soil moisture for the project duration. Available weather, soil, and management datasets were queried to prepare the EPIC model to simulate crop yield, water, and N processes for the three field experiment sites. Detailed wheat crop development data (biomass, leaf area index, available soil water, and percent green canopy cover) for 11 site-years were used for model calibration and validation. Simulated winter wheat yields for 2014-2018 compared well against yields observed in variety trials and estimates at county and state scales. The EPIC model was used to guide in season N fertilization of winter wheat growing at ABKS and HKS. Model results anticipated a positive yield response to a second application of N in mid-April 2020. While waiting for field experimental data to be available, regional simulations were conducted for OK to compare the impact of no-till winter wheat diversified systems under current and future climatic conditions with continuous winter wheat systems under no-till and conventional tillage. A Total Factor Productivity (TFP) working group was formed in early 2020 to develop a methodology to evaluate performance of current and alternate cropping systems at farm and regional levels in the study region. The group reviewed various methodologies to calculate TFP including the Laspeyres and Paasche Price Indexes and is evaluating the possibility of using economic budget subroutines embedded in the biophysical model EPIC to generate inputs, outputs, and price data needed for productivity accounting. Improving mid-season input decisions Team members developed protocols for assembling, configuring, and field calibrating Cropland Observation Nodes (CRONOS) stations. Five CRONOS stations have been deployed (3 in OK, 2 in KS). Soil moisture calibration samples were collected at one of the OK CRONOS stations. Flux data collected between 2017 and 2019 on the Konza Prairie Biological Station was used for partitioning evapotranspiration (ET) into plant transpiration and soil evaporation based on the underlying water use efficiency (uWUE) and compared with soil evaporation (Esoil) measured using micro-lysimeters (ML) during the 2018 growing season. We have been also working on establishing new flux sites in dryland cropping systems in Kansas. Extension efforts to empower stakeholders to understand and use the resulting cropping system information and technologies The Extension team is currently organizing data from the 2019-2020 field season for reports, blogs, factsheets, and publications. In addition, the team implemented demonstration fields for crop rotations as well as intercropped wheat/soybean study. Wheat growth and yield estimates were collected from the demonstration and are currently being analyzed. Soybean is currently being grown, but did not have suitable stands due to inconsistent weather patterns this spring. The team also successfully implemented short term sweep tillage demonstration plots at Lake Carl Blackwell, OK to evaluate the impact of sweep tillage on herbicide efficacy, weed suppression, and crop performance and compare this to common summer fallow chemical weed control of a long term (10 year) no-till field and to conventional tillage. Create new educational opportunities to recruit and train the next generation of agricultural systems managers and researchers Ten faculty mentors developed and proposed projects for the Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) program. To recruit REU applicants, the team developed a webpage (https://www.rainfedag.org/summer-reu) that included the list of available projects, and an online application form which allowed applicants to rank their interest in these projects. The program was advertised via e-mail, phone contacts, Twitter, Facebook, and promoted at national conferences by the KSU Assistant Dean of Diversity Programs. Over 65 applications from across the U.S. were reviewed and ten excellent scholars were invited to be part of the REU program. However, in mid-April the 2020 program was cancelled due to COVID-19. We will increase annual numbers to recruit and train 50 undergraduates from diverse backgrounds to the REU program over the remainder of the project. The plan for a new cropping systems course was to be developed for fall 2020 after the first cropping season was completed. However, travel restrictions and the potential lack of face to face classes removed the ability for a new course with a heavy field component. We will finalize a course schedule and syllabus to implement a new course at OSU in fall 2021.
Publications
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Awaiting Publication
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Chambers, R. G.. The Sources of Measured US Agricultural Productivity Growth: Weather, Technological Change, and Adaptation. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. doi:https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ajae.12090
- Type:
Journal Articles
Status:
Published
Year Published:
2020
Citation:
Gowda, P., Northup, B. K., Wagle, P., Skaggs, T. H., & Neel, J. P. (May 2020). Flux variance similarity-based partitioning of evapotranspiration over a rainfed alfalfa field using high frequency eddy covariance data. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 285-286. doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.107907
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